2015年12月英语六级模拟题及答案(1)

Part I Writing.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Civil Servant Test Craze. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)回答36-45题：Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more than men, encountering more 36_________ in finding a well-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wage earners, a study released on Wednesday said.Analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR. found women at all levels of 37_________ tend to earn less than men, but it's atthe lowest literacy levels that the wage gap between genders is most striking.Women with low literacy are twice as 38_________ as men at the same skill level to be among the lowest earners, bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said."Because women start off so low in terms of wages, having higher literacy and more skills really 39_________ a big difference," said Kevin Miller, a 40_________ research associate at IWPR and co-author of the study.Women need to go 41_________ in their training and education level to earn the same as men, Miller said.The 42_________ was based on 2009 National Assessment of Adult Literacy surveys, the most recent data 43_________ , and focused on reading skills, not writing and numeric literacy. That data was 44_________ from a nationally representative sample of 19,714 people aged 16 and older, living in households or prisons.Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacy levels, and more than 36 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that 45_________ , the institute said.A. patternB. seniorC. longerD. difficultiesE. categoryF. collectedG. positionsH. availableI. conducted J. independent K. literacyL. analysis M. likelyN. further O. makesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.回答46-55题：A) The legislation concerning financial reform focuses on helping regulators detect and defuse (减少....的危险性) the next crisis. But it doesn't address many of the underlying conditions that can cause problems.B) The legislation gives regulators the power to oversee shadow banks and take failing firms apart, convenes a council of superregulators to watch the megafirms that pose a risk to the full financialsystem, and much else.C) But the bill does more to help regulators detect the next financial crisis than to actually stop it from happening.In that way, it's like thedifference between improving public health and improving medicine: The bill focuses on helping the doctors who figure out when you're sick and how to get you better rather than on the conditions (sewer systems and air quality and hygiene standards and so on) that contribute to whether you get sick in the first place.D) That is to say, many of the weaknesses and imbalances that led to the financial crisis will survive our regulatory response, and it's important to keep that in mind. So here are five we still have to watch out for:1. The Global Glut (供过于求) of SavingsE) "One of the leading indicators of a financial crisis is when you have a sustained surge in money flowing into the country which makes borrowing cheaper and easier," says Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff. Our crisis was no different: Between 1987 and 1999, our current account deficit--the measure of how much money is coming in versus goingout--fluctuated between 1 and 2 percent of gross domestic product. By 2006, it had hit 6 percent.F) The sharp rise was driven by emerging economies with lots of growth and few investment opportunities-think China-funneling their money to developed economies with less growth and lots of investmentopportunities. But we've gotten out of the crisis without fixing it. China is still growing fast, exporting faster, and sending the money over to US.2. Household Debt-and Why We Need ItG) The fact that money is available to borrow doesn't explain why Americans borrowed so much of it. Household debt as a percentage of GDP went from a bit less than 60 percent at the beginning of the 1990s to a bit less than 100 percent in 2006. "This is where I come to income inequality," says Raghuram Rajan, an economist at the University of Chicago. "A large part of the population saw relatively stagnant incomes over the 1980s and 1990s. Credit was so welcome because it kept people who were falling behind reasonably happy. You were keeping up, even if your income wasn't."H) Incomes, of course, are even more stagnant now that unemployment is at 9 percent. And that pain isn't being shared equally: inequality has actually risen since before the recession, as joblessness is proving sticky among the poor, but recovery has been swift for the rich. Household borrowing is still more than 90 percent of GDP, and the conditions that drove it up there are, if anything, worse.3. The "Shadow Banking" MarketI) The financial crisis started out similarly severe, but it wasn't, at first,a crisis of consumers. It was a crisis of banks. It never became a crisis of consumers because consumer deposits are insured. But large investors-pension funds, banks, corporations, and others--aren't insured. But when they hear that their collateral ( 附属担保品) is dropping in value, they demand their money back. And when everyone does that at once, it's like an old-fashioned bank run: The banks can't pay everyone off at once, so they unload all their assets to get capital, the assets become worthless because everyone is trying to unload them, and the banks collapse.J) "This is an inherent problem of privately created money," says Gary Gorton, an economist at Princeton University. "It is vulnerable to these kinds of runs." This year, we're bringing this shadow banking system under the control of regulators and giving them all sorts of information on it and power over it, but we're not doing anything like deposit insurance, where we simply make the deposits safe so runs become an anachronism.4. Rich BanksK) In the 1980s, the financial sector's share of total corporate profits ranged from about 10 to 20 percent. By 2004, it was about 35 percent. Simon Johnson, an economist at MIT, recalls a conversation he had witha fund manager. "The guy said to me, 'Simon, it's so little money! You can sway senators for $10 million!?'"Johnson laughs ruefully (后悔地). "These guys [ big investors ] don't even think in millions. They think in billions."L) What you get for that money is favors. The last financial crisis fades from memory and the public begins to focus on other things. Then the finance guys begin nudging (游说). They hold some fundraisers for politicians, make some friends, explain how the regulations they're under are onerous and unfair. And slowly, surely, those regulations come undone. This financial crisis will stick in our minds for a while, but not forever. And after briefly dropping to less than 15 percent of corporate profits, the financial sector has rebounded to more than 30 percent. They'll have plenty of money with which to help their friends forget this whole nasty affair.5. Lax ( 不严格的) RegulatorsM ) The most troubling prospect is the chance that this bill, if we'd passed it in 2000, wouldn't even have prevented this financial crisis. That's not to undersell it: It would've given regulators more information with which to predict the crisis. But they had enough information, and they ignored it. They get caught up in boom times just like everyone else.A bubble, almost by definition, affects the regulators with the power to pop it.N) In 2005, with housing prices running far, far ahead of the historical trend, Bemanke said a housing bubble was "a pretty unlikely possibility". In 2007, he said Fed officials "do not expect significant spillovers from the subprime market to the rest of the economy." Alan Greenspan, looking back at the financial crisis, admitted in April that regulators "have had a woeful record of chronic failure. History tells us they cannot identify the timing of a crisis, or anticipate exactly where it will be located or how large the losses and spillovers will be."46、In the 1980s and 1990s people experienced no substantial increase in terms of income, which brought about the popularity of credit.47、Financial crisis is a crisis of banks in that shadow banking may cause banks to fail.48、The finance guys make friends with politicians in the hope of making some burdensome and unfair regulations cancelled.49、The legislation concerning financial reform offers regulators the power of supervising shadow banks and disintegrating companies on the verge of bankruptcy.50、In terms of the effect of unemployment, it is more deeply felt by the poor than by the rich.51、Even if there was enough information to predict there would be financial crisis, the regulators still chose to ignore it.52、Emerging economies with insufficient investment opportunities have invested much money in developed countries.53、Regulators with power tended to fail again and again concerning forecasting a financial crisis.54、A fund manager or large investor is considered absurdly rich by an economist from MIT.55、Large investors' deposits can be made safer if shadow banking system is under the control of regulators.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.回答56-60题：Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the furore of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer7 Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work bydepriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by mad, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. Inpre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and the family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian goal of creatingjobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full- time jobs.56、According to the author, the universal employment has _______.A.turned out not to be the best form of jobsB.created an alternative form of jobsC.built the foundation of an economic leapD.failed to produce job opportunities for most people57、Modem forms of transportation have greatly encouraged_______.A.the phenomenon of deprivation of employees' leisure timeB.the disconnection between people's work and their family lifeC.the commutation between the working places and employees' homesD.people's desire to work far away from where they were born58、It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A.women could have been more productive than men in a proper job systemB.work in pre-industrial times has been distriibuted evenly between men and womenC.paid employment has aroused serious social problems in current societyD.women have been treated unfairly under the employment system of industrial age59、What is the problem for the young under the employment system?A.They are less likely to compete with the aged.B.They are much worried about the generation gap.C.They are more likely to suffer from unemployment.D.Their academic performances seem useless for job hunting.60、What is the possible change of job forms?A.Full-time employment will not be the dominant form of work.B.Most people can work at home and for themselves.C.The differences between men and women will disappear.D.All people get equal job opportunities and equal pay.回答61-65题：Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac (囊), or alveolus(肺泡), and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary (毛细血管) are between the air and the blood. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs.When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much oxygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on the lining of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart, which sends it out to all other parts of the body.Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some of its oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlled automatically so that you breathe at the proper rote to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when you are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when you breathe in, or inhale (吸入), while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or exhale.Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen(氮). This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: ( 1 ) About one-fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into the blood. (2) An almost equal amount of carbon dioxide comes out of the blood into the air. (3) Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated.61、It can be inferred from the passage that oxygen and carbon dioxide _______.A.produce energy for breathingB.diffuse immediately in the bloodC.penetrate slowly into the air sacsD.travel in opposite ways in the lungs62、When blood travels back to the lungs by the heart, ________.A.more oxygen was contained in bloodB.more carbon dioxide was contained in the bloodC.less carbon dioxide was contained in an air sacD.less oxygen was contained in an air sac63、The movement of breathing can effectively ________.A.help the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungsB.prevent the inhaling of excessive carbon dioxideC.keep the regular circulation of bloodD.strengthen the function of breathing muscles64、When we breathe out, the amount of nitrogen ________.A.increases a bit because of the exchange of airB.reduces a bit because of the exchange of airC.remains the same as we breathe it inD.keeps the same as that needed in lungs65、The air in the lungs changes through ________.A.inhaling some amount of oxygenB.the evaporation of moistureC.exhaling some amount of carbon dioxideD.generating a passage for evaporationPart VI Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。