2015年12月英语六级听力原文
201512月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)答案及解析
2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A. Prepare for his exams.B. Catch up on his work.C. Attend the concert.D. Go on a vacation.2. A. Three crew members were involved in the incident.B. None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.C. The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.D. None of the passengers were injured or killed.3. A. An article about the election.B. A tedious job to be done.C. An election campaign.D. A fascinating topic.4. A. The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.B. The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.C. The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.D. Chinatown has got the best restaurants in the city.5. A. He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.B. He is going to take on a new job next week.C. He has many things to deal with right now.D. He behaves in a way nobody understands.6. A. A large number of students refused to vote last night.B. At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.C. Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.D. More students have to appear to make their voice heard.7. A. The woman can hardly tell what she likes.B. The speakers like watching TV very much.C. The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV.D. The man seldom watched TV before retirement.8. A. The woman should have registered earlier.B. He will help the woman solve the problem.C ) He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.D. The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. Persuade the man to join her company.B. Employ the most up-to-date technology.C. Export bikes to foreign markets.D. Expand their domestic business.10. A. The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.B. The government has control over bicycle imports.C. They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers.D. They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.11. A. Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.B. More workers will be needed to do packaging.C. They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.D. It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.12. A. Report to the management.B. Attract foreign investments.C. Conduct a feasibility studyD. Consult financial experts.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A. Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.B. Anything that can be used to produce power.C. Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.D. Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.14. A. Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.B. Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.C. Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.D. Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025.15. A. Minimize the use of fossil fuels.B. Start developing alternative fuels.C. Find the real cause for global warming.D. Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C. and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 71 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. The ability to predict fashion trends.B. A refined taste for artistic works.C. Years of practical experience.D. Strict professional training.17. A. Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties.B. Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.C. Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.D. Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.18. A. She has access to fashionable things.B. She is doing what she enjoys doing.C. She can enjoy life on a modest salary.D. She is free to do whatever she wants.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. Join in neighborhood patrols.B. Get involved in his community.C. voice his complaints to the city council.D. Make suggestions to the local authorities.20. A. Deterioration in the quality of life.B. Increase of police patrols at night.C. Renovation of the vacant buildings.D. Violation of community regulations.21. A. They may take a long time to solve.B. They need assistance from the city.C. They have to be dealt with one by one.D. They are too big for individual efforts.22. A. He had got some groceries at a big discount.B. He had read a funny poster near his seat.C. He had done a small deed of kindness.D. He had caught the bus just in time.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A. Childhood and healthy growth.B. Pressure and heart disease.C. Family life and health.D. Stress and depression.24. A. It experienced a series of misfortunes.B. It was in the process of reorganization.C. His mother died of a sudden heart attack.D. His wife left him because of his bad temper.25. A. They would give him a triple bypass surgery.B. They could remove the block in his artery.C. They could do nothing to help him.D. They would try hard to save his life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When thepassage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When most people think of the word "education," they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casing, the teachers（26）stuff "education."But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not （27 ）the stuffings of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the 28 of what is in the mind."The most important part of education," once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the （29） Harvard philosopher, "is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him. And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, "I know, learn from me." He said, rather, "Look into your own selvers and find the （30） of truth that God has put into every heart, and that only you can kindle (点燃) to a（ 31）." In a dialogue, Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of （32）, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really "knows" geometry--because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out.So many of the discussions and （33） about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they（34） what should "go into" the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, "I spend so much time studying that I don't have a chance to learn anything," was clearly expressing his （ 35 ） with the sausage-casing view of education.2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)答案Section A 参考答案1. C)【精析】行动计划题。
2015年12月大学英语六级考试试题及答案（3）
Part I Writing. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Civil Servant Test Craze. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 听⼒题： 1、 A.She thinks the exercise is easy. B.She can't solve the exercise either. C.She can help the man with the exercise. D.She hasn't tried to solve the exercise yet. 2、 A.Buy a newspaper. B.Take a trip in the summer. C.Put an ad in a newspaper. D.Go to the interviewer's office. 3、 A.The man must be a very slow driver. B.She did a lot of walking in Florida. C.The man should have spent less time in Florida D.She got to Florida long before the man did. 4、 A.Look for the umbrella in the theater. B.Ask the ticket seller about the umbrella. C.Buy another ticket for the show. D.Go back to her chair to get the umbrella. 5、 A.Both of the activities aren't very good. B.He has no interest in doing exercise. C.They should choose a different activity. D.It doesn't matter which activity to choose. 6、 A.Wash fewer clothes at a time. e a different washing machine. C.Try to repair the washing machine first, D.Wash his clothes by hand. 7、 A.She is going to drop the class too. B.She doesn't know how to swim. C.It took her a long time to learn to swim. D.She teaches swimming, 8、 A.He'll give the woman a few prescriptions right away. B.He'll be away from the office for one or two days. C.The woman doesn't need anything for her cough. D.The woman should continue taking the medicine. Conversation One. 听材料，回答下列问题： 9、 A.Her apartment is too far from the campus. B.Her apartment needs a lot of repair work. C.She's having trouble with the owner of the apartment D.Her roommate won't share expenses. 10、 A.Because the girls didn't pay their rent on time. B.Because she couldn't find anyone to repair the dishwasher. C.Because she had to buy a new dishwasher. D.Because paula had some repairs done without her permission. 11、 A.Because he has some knowledge of the law, B.Because he once had the same problem. C.Because he is a friend of the owner. D.Because he can bring a lawsuit against the owner. Conversation Two. 听材料，回答下列各题： 12、 A.There aren't enough cabinets B.There is too much noise. C.Office supplies are taking up space. D.Some teaching assistants don't have desks. 13、 A.To chat with him socially. B.To get help with the course. C.To hand in their assignments. D.To practise giving interviews, 14、 A.They'd have to get permission. B.Jack wouldn't like it, C.She thinks it might work. D.Other assistants should be consulted 15、 A.Give Jack a different office, plain to the department head. C.Move the supplies to the storage room. D.Try to get a room to use for meetings. Passage One. 听材料，回答下列各题： 16、 A.Because of its shape. B.Because of its skin. C.Because of its size. D.Because of its behavior. 17、 A.How sea animals manage to exist, B.How large sea animals can be. C.How frightening the squid is, D.How little is known about the sea. 18、 A.Why it is difficult to use aerial photographs in research. B.Why oceanic research is so limited. C.How oceanic research has helped land research, D.How fossil remains are obtained from deep sea. Passage Two. 听材料，回答下列各题： 19、 A.New varieties of corn have been developed. B.The crops need less fertilizer. C.Farmers can now monitor crop growth. D.Crop yields are much greater. 20、 A.It's being drained from Nebraska to Texas. B.It's being pumped out. C.It's becoming contaminated with oil. D.It's becoming much warmer. 21、 A.It can be seen from an airplane. B.It's most likely polluted. C.It's usually a bright green color. D.The supply of it may be exhausted soon. Passage Three. 听材料，回答下列各题： 22、 A.To review what students know about volcanic activity. B.To demonstrate the use of a new measurement device. C.To explain the answer to an examination question. D.To provide background for the next reading assignment. 23、 A.They occur at regular intervals. B.They can withstand great heat. C.They travel through the Earth's interior. D.They can record the Earth's internal temperature. 24、 A.When the Earth was formed. B.The composition of the Earth's interior. C.Why molten rock is hot. D.How often a volcano is likely to erupt. 25、 A.How deep they are. B.Where earthquakes form. C.How hot they are. D.What purpose they serve. 听材料，回答下列各题： Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Teenagers will be told to "stand up for their elders" on public transport-or risk losing their right to free travel. London Mayor Boris Johnson will 26_________ plans today to make youngsters sign a " 27_________ pledge" to promise to behave in a 28 _________manner when travelling in the capital. The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly, 29_________ and disabled; refrain from using 30_________ or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff. Those who refuse, or are caught behaving in a rude manner, will have their free travel passes 31_________ The plan--a key part of Mr. Johnson's re-election bid--will initially affect the 400,000 11-to-15-year-olds in London who qualify for free travel cards, but Conservative sources believe the idea could be used across the country. A Conservative insider said, "The initiative 32_________ the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and 33 _________around behavior to improve the atmosphere on buses and trains for everyone. " Speaking before today's launch, Mr. Johnson said he 34_________ tackle the anti-social behavior of a "minority of youngsters" on public transport. "when I was a boy, I was taught to stand up for those less able to," he said. "Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. " Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right back. Teenagers who are found 35_________ violating the new behavior code will lose their travel passes. They will have to carry out unpaid community work to have them restored.回答36-45题： Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more than men, encountering more 36_________ in finding a well-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wage earners, a study released on Wednesday said. Analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR. found women at all levels of 37_________ tend to earn less than men, but it's at the lowest literacy levels that the wage gap between genders is most striking. Women with low literacy are twice as 38_________ as men at the same skill level to be among the lowest earners, bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said. "Because women start off so low in terms of wages, having higher literacy and more skills really 39_________ a big difference," said Kevin Miller, a 40_________ research associate at IWPR and co-author of the study. Women need to go 41_________ in their training and education level to earn the same as men, Miller said. The 42_________ was based on 2009 National Assessment of Adult Literacy surveys, the most recent data43_________ , and focused on reading skills, not writing and numeric literacy. That data was 44_________ from a nationally representative sample of 19,714 people aged 16 and older, living in households or prisons. Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacy levels, and more than 36 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that 45_________ , the institute said. 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2015年12月英语六级考试真题及详细答案(第一套)
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arereauired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/englishlistening/CET6/zhenti/2016-05-28/427638.htmlSection ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems.B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm.3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.B. The woman can use his glasses to read.C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.5.A. Redecorating her office.B. Majoring in interior design.C. Seeking professional advice.D. Adding some office furniture.6.A. Problems in port management.B. Improvement of port facilities.C. Delayed shipment of goods.D. Shortage of container ships.7.A. Their boss.B. A colleague.C. Their workload.D. A coffee machine.8.A. Call the hotel manager for help.B. Postpone the event until a later date.C. Hold the banquet at a different place.D. Get an expert to correct the error.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A. He shares some of the household duties.B. He often goes back home late for dinner.C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.D. He dines out from time to time with friends.10.A. To take him to dinner.B. To talk about a budget plan.C. To discuss an urgent problem.D. To pass on an important message.11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.C. They form a more realistic picture of life.D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.C. He is able to meet many interesting people.D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.14.A. It is stressful.B. It is full of tim.C. It is all glamour.D. It is challenging15. A. Bothered.B. Amazed.C. Puzzled.D. Excited.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.C. He sold a program developed by his friends.D. He invested in a leading computer business.21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise.C. They were very keen on new technology.D. They believed in his business connections.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A. Prestige advertising.B. Institutional advertising.C. Wordofmouth advertising.D. Distributing free trial products.23.A. To sell a particular product.B. To build up their reputation.C. To promote a specific service.D. To attract high-end consumers.24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.D. By creating their own ads and commericais.25.A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.D. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have justhoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what youhave written.Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an26concept. It's not at all like the killing ofindividual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply27numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can beound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could beremedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an28and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations29us incoming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life30, we are also making the land and theair and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.31basic naturalresources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being32in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing,consuming, and33, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the verysoil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends.The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever totake place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply anotherhistorical change or cultural34, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychologicalorder of35Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thopassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark tho corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through tho centre. You may not use any of tho words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It seems to be a law in thetechnology industry that leading companies eventually lose theirpositions, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggesttechnology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers' preferences were already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple'siPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly and revenue plunged. By theend of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft. What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's marketvalue declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, Jorma Ollila, who had ledNokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by thecompany's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of which hadmotivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia'ssense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design andprogramming talent left as well.A)assumed I) previousB. bias J) relayedC. desperateK) shiftingD. deteriorationL) shrankE) exceptionM) subtleF) faultN) transmittingG) incidentallyO) worldwideH) notablySection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus withlittle academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generationstudents, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were alsoattending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose tolive at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking afull class schedule.[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly lowgraduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making itimpossible for him to continue paying for school.[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students whoenter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped tograduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typicallycarry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attendingschool, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to thisspecific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospectivecollege-goers fmd the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a goodnumber of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resourcesand programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tendtoward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools."Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think biggerand broader. "[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools inparticular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options yearafter year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community collegesor state schools with low bars for admittance.[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketingexecutive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income studentsand supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-incomekids could be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience ofsuccessfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and theircollege worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorestmatches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. Aflagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generationstudents, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, TheUniversity of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overallgraduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smallergap between the outcomes forfirst—generat.ion students and those of their peers.[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutionskeep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within fouryears (81 percent). [J] It is actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for many schools.Highereducation institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but thesereports typically only include Pell recipient numbers —not necessarily rates specific to fLrst—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating itcan be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigatethis kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an annof its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to directstudents to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realisticand accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get inand enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first —generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process. " Jones became involved with a college —access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students onHoward's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who areable to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aidpackages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story settinghim far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after awhile, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available atthe school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter beingone of the mostcommon programs for students).[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to dowell,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significantsupport for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to geta college degree.47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectivenessof treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively aboutindividual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drugover another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, forexample—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to makedoctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, eventhough there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial Overseers."There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn'tbe functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He saiddoctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is bestfor you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade —offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are aboutequally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and theother close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used thecheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using itrather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Shoulddoctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and nottrying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not manyothers are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue. "56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A. Specific medicines to be used.B. Effects of medical treatment.C. Professional advancement.D. Patients' trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A. The redefining of doctors' roles.B. Overuse of less effective medicines.C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B. They may be forced to divide their attention.C. They may have to use less effective drugs.D. They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in aspeech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merelybecause it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequalityitself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increasedinequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and thegreatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also arguedthat it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档 ) in that ladderhave grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equality of OpportunityProject at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastlyexaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor ofeconomic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economicladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is oneof the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commtmity religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds thatcommunities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much morelikely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial andeconomic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of thesefactors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the followingthree seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1. Per-capita (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages oftwo-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are themost likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.。
2015年英语六级听力原文
2015年英语六级听力原文English Response:In 2015, the English Test for Band Six was administered to candidates in China. The test consisted of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and translation. The listening section of the test was divided into four parts: Part 1, a conversation between two people; Part 2, a monologue; Part 3, a conversation between more than two people; and Part 4, a lecture.Part 1 of the listening section consisted of a conversation between a male and female speaker. Thespeakers discussed the topic of online shopping. The female speaker expressed her preference for shopping online because of the convenience and variety of products available. The male speaker, on the other hand, preferred shopping in physical stores because he enjoyed the experience of browsing and trying on products before purchasing them.Part 2 of the listening section consisted of a monologue about the history of the internet. The monologue described the early development of the internet and its subsequent growth and impact on society. The monologue also discussed the challenges and opportunities that theinternet presents.Part 3 of the listening section consisted of a conversation between three people: a professor, a student, and a guest speaker. The conversation centered around the topic of climate change. The professor and the guestspeaker discussed the causes and effects of climate change, while the student asked questions and expressed hisconcerns about the issue.Part 4 of the listening section consisted of a lecture about the importance of sleep. The lecture discussed the benefits of sleep and the consequences of sleep deprivation. The lecturer also provided tips on how to improve sleep quality.Overall, the 2015 English Test for Band Six was a challenging but fair test of candidates' English language skills. The listening section was particularly challenging, but it provided candidates with an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to understand spoken English in a variety of contexts.中文回答：2015 年英语六级考试中，听力部分共分为四个部分，Part 1为两人对话；Part 2 为独白；Part 3 为多人对话；Part 4 为讲座。
12月英语六级听力原文及答案
12月英语六级听力原文及答案Passage3Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services, and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising, which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead.Indeed, many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising, which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements, and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than a single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising stuff.The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget; a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign, known as a brief; and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan specifying which media will be used and in which proportions. Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested in newspapers, television stations, etc. in different parts of a country before a final choice is made prior to a national campaign.Q22. What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?Q23. What does the speaker say is the purpose of many organizations using prestige adverting?Q24. How do large companies generally handle their advertising?Q25. What will advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?Passage3参考答案Q22. A. Word-of-mouth advertising.Q23. D. To build up their reputation.Q24. D. By using the services of large advertising agencies.Q25. C. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.。
2015年12月六级第3套答案解析
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案与详解PartⅠWriting结构框图：一、第1段描述图画内容并介绍图中人物观点。
二、第2段分析网络误导性信息的危害——网络误导性信息会使人养成坏习惯，甚至犯罪；网络误导性信息会造成个人和政府的信任危机，并举例说明。
三、第3段提出建议一采取措施来防止我们被垃圾信息误导，并提出个人见解。
The Harm Caused by Misleading Information OnlineAs is revealed in the picture,a man is sitting in front of a computer searching information from the Internet, while a woman is standing by the door,holding a cup of coffee.The most striking feature is the caption under the picture,which reads“I just feel unfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information!”With a large amount of information coming up,the severity of misleading information arises.Unfortunately, if we lack the ability to distinguish the true information from the misleading one,we will finally fall prey to it, because the misleading information may get people into bad habits,even make them commit crimes.Numerous network fraud is a living example.In addition,there may be a trust crisis between individuals and the government, if we cannot correct the misleading news as soon as possible.For instance,the nuclear leakage in Japan in2011 has caused great panic in Eastern China,where thousands of people went out to rob salt after the rumor that salt has an effect of anti-radiation,which brought about turbulence in the domestic market.From what have been discussed above,it is therefore,necessary that some effective measures be taken to prevent ourselves from being misled by junk information.And in my opinion,learning to identify the authenticity of information online is the most practical measure.PartⅡListening Comprehension1.听力原文：W:I was shocked to hear of your wife’s illness.Is she going to be all right?M：At first,the doctors weren’t sure,but she’s really improved.She’ll be home next week.Q:What do we learn about the man’s wife from the conversation?【精析】D)。
完整word版,201512月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)答案及解析
2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A. Prepare for his exams.B. Catch up on his work.C. Attend the concert.D. Go on a vacation.2. A. Three crew members were involved in the incident.B. None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.C. The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.D. None of the passengers were injured or killed.3. A. An article about the election.B. A tedious job to be done.C. An election campaign.D. A fascinating topic.4. A. The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.B. The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.C. The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.D. Chinatown has got the best restaurants in the city.5. A. He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.B. He is going to take on a new job next week.C. He has many things to deal with right now.D. He behaves in a way nobody understands.6. A. A large number of students refused to vote last night.B. At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.C. Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.D. More students have to appear to make their voice heard.7. A. The woman can hardly tell what she likes.B. The speakers like watching TV very much.C. The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV.D. The man seldom watched TV before retirement.8. A. The woman should have registered earlier.B. He will help the woman solve the problem.C ) He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.D. The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. Persuade the man to join her company.B. Employ the most up-to-date technology.C. Export bikes to foreign markets.D. Expand their domestic business.10. A. The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.B. The government has control over bicycle imports.C. They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers.D. They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.11. A. Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.B. More workers will be needed to do packaging.C. They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.D. It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.12. A. Report to the management.B. Attract foreign investments.C. Conduct a feasibility studyD. Consult financial experts.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A. Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.B. Anything that can be used to produce power.C. Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.D. Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.14. A. Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.B. Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.C. Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.D. Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025.15. A. Minimize the use of fossil fuels.B. Start developing alternative fuels.C. Find the real cause for global warming.D. Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C. and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 71 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. The ability to predict fashion trends.B. A refined taste for artistic works.C. Years of practical experience.D. Strict professional training.17. A. Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties.B. Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.C. Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.D. Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.18. A. She has access to fashionable things.B. She is doing what she enjoys doing.C. She can enjoy life on a modest salary.D. She is free to do whatever she wants.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. Join in neighborhood patrols.B. Get involved in his community.C. voice his complaints to the city council.D. Make suggestions to the local authorities.20. A. Deterioration in the quality of life.B. Increase of police patrols at night.C. Renovation of the vacant buildings.D. Violation of community regulations.21. A. They may take a long time to solve.B. They need assistance from the city.C. They have to be dealt with one by one.D. They are too big for individual efforts.22. A. He had got some groceries at a big discount.B. He had read a funny poster near his seat.C. He had done a small deed of kindness.D. He had caught the bus just in time.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A. Childhood and healthy growth.B. Pressure and heart disease.C. Family life and health.D. Stress and depression.24. A. It experienced a series of misfortunes.B. It was in the process of reorganization.C. His mother died of a sudden heart attack.D. His wife left him because of his bad temper.25. A. They would give him a triple bypass surgery.B. They could remove the block in his artery.C. They could do nothing to help him.D. They would try hard to save his life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When thepassage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When most people think of the word "education," they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casing, the teachers（26）stuff "education."But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not （27 ）the stuffings of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the 28 of what is in the mind."The most important part of education," once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the （29） Harvard philosopher, "is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him. And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, "I know, learn from me." He said, rather, "Look into your own selvers and find the （30） of truth that God has put into every heart, and that only you can kindle (点燃) to a（ 31）." In a dialogue, Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of （32）, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really "knows" geometry--because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out.So many of the discussions and （33） about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they（34） what should "go into" the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, "I spend so much time studying that I don't have a chance to learn anything," was clearly expressing his （ 35 ） with the sausage-casing view of education.2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)答案Section A 参考答案1. C)【精析】行动计划题。
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案详解和听力原文第1套
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题第1套Part I Writing （30minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.1. A .She is impatient to learn computer programming.B. She is unaware her operation system is outdated.C. She is unable to use the new computer program.D. She is amazed at the fast change of technology.2. A. He has long been fed up with traveling.B. He prefers to stay home for the holiday.C. He is going out of town for a couple of days.D. He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.3. A. The challenges facing East Asia.B. The location for their new office.C. Their expansion into the overseas marketD. The living expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.4. A.A number of cell phones were found after the last show.B. The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.C. The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.D. Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.5. A. The building materials will be delivered soon.B. The project is being held up by bad weather.C. The construction schedule may not be met.D. Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.6. A. She is getting very forgetful these days.B. She does not hold on to bitter feelings.C. She resents the way she is treated.D. She never intends to hurt anyone.7. A. The man wants to rent a small apartment.B. The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.C. The woman is moving to a foreign country.D. The man is trying to sell the woman a house.8. A. They are writing a story for the Morning News.B. They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.C. They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.D. They are conducting a survey among the women in town.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.Touch his heart. B. Make him cry. C. Remind him of his life. D. Make him feel young.10. A. He is good at singing operas.B. He enjoys complicated music:C. He can sing any song if he likes it.D. He loves country music in particular.11. A. Go to a bar and drink for hours.B. Go to an isolated place to sing blues.C. Go to see a performance in a concert hall.D. Go to work and wrap himself up in music.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. How he became an announcer.B. How he writes news stories.C. How he makes his living.D. How he does his job.13. A. They write the first version of news stories.B. They gather news stories on the spot.C. They polish incoming news stories.D. They write comments on major news stories.14. A. Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.B. Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C. Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D. Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.15. A. It shows where advertisements come in.B. It gives a signal for him to slow down.C. It alerts him to something important.D. It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. It gives pleasure to both adults and children.B. It is often carried around by small children.C. It can be found in many parts of the world.D. It was invented by an American Indian.17. A. They were made for earning a living.B. They were delicate geometric figures.C. They were small circus figures made of wire.D. They were collected by a number of museums.18.A.In art. B. In geometry. C. In engineering. D. In circus performance. Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. They offer students a wide variety of courses.B. They attract students from all over the world.C. They admit more students than they can handle.D. They have trouble dealing with overseas students.20. A. Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.B.A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.C.A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.D. Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.21. A. He likes students with high motivation.B. He enjoys teaching intelligent students.C. He tailors his teaching to students' needs.D. He treats all his students in a fair manner.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B. It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C. It has a direct impact on the international oil market.D. It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.23. A. It eventually turns into heat.B. It is used in a variety of forms.C. Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D. Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.24. A. When it is used in rural areas.B. When it is environment-friendly.C. When it operates at near capacity.D. When it operates at regular times.25.A.Traffic jams in cities. B. Inefficient use of energy. C. Fuel shortage. D. Global warming.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks withthe exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics, or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to（26）and expand on concepts taken up in the text because graphics are yet another way of portraying relationships and（27）connections.Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social scientists work with statistics（28）data, and the best way to present these statistics is often in graphic form. Graphics are included- not merely as a means of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way social scientists think. Many textbooks,（29）those in economics, contain appendixes that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material.Make it a practice to（30）attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other material connected with graphics. These elements（31）and usually explain what you are looking at. When you are examining graphics, the（32）questions to ask are (a.)What is this item about? and (b.)What key idea is the author（33）?One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you may make a wrong assumption.（34）, from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children. However, a careful reading of the text（35）that most of the firstborn children in the sample were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly （36）to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be（37）.The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental（38）have long urged U.S. government agencies to （39）the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency （40）the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care（41）, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now （42）the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid （43）evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct （44）but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless, it's smart to （45）caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can't hurt.A. advocatesB. compactC. correlationD. exerciseE. facilitiesF. interactionG. investigatingH. overwhelmedI. particlesJ. permanentK. restrictedL. simulatingM. statisticalN. tightenO. vulnerableSection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[ A ] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia ( meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can't turn something that large on a dime ( 10美分硬币), or even a few thousand dimes.[ B ] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder ( 大圆石), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity. Momentum is said to be "conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring ( possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[ C ] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.[ D ] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.[ E ] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[ F ] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[ G ] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications. " There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [ compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb ], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[ H ] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[ I ]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time. And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhapsthe regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs,adding another layer of difficulty.[ J ] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years!The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.[ K ] As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner. "[ L ] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch. from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C),and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro. " By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black. " And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already beenfreed of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American. "But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans," researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed more negatively. than "African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result," Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black. " With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams’s salary, professional standing, and educational background.The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American," though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts. "56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American" for people of African descent?57. A. It is free from racial biases.B. It represents social progress.C. It is in the interest of common Americans.D. It follows the standard naming practice.57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?A. It advances with the times.B. It is based on racial roots.C. It merits intensive study.D .It is politically sensitive.58.What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?A. Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.B. Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumes.C. Job seekers should all be careful- about their affiliations.D. Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A. African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B. Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.C. People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D. One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background.60. What is Dr. Du Bois's ideal?A. All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D. All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa. In 2011 they released a landmark study titled "Academically Adrift," which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a Full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton descri bes what she calls the “arty pathway," which eases many students through college, helped-along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are "catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?A. It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B. It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C. It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D. It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.62. What is responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?A. The diluted college curriculum.B. The boring classroom activities.C. The absence of rigorous discipline.D. The outdated educational approach.63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A. They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B. They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C. They seem to be out of touch with society.D. They prioritize non-academic activities.64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A. They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B. They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C. They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D. They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.65. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A. American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B. People should not expect too much from American higher education.C. The current situation in American higher education may not last long.D. It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you .are allowed 30,minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。
2015年12月英语六级听力原文
2015年12月19日全国大学英语六级考试已结束，下面是英语六级听力原文。
Section A1. W: Wow, what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu, could you recommend something specialM: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressing with fresh berries.Q: what does the man mean2. W: I was talking to Mary the other day, and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doing really well.M: Yes, business paced up much faster than we anticipated. We now have over 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation3. W: Do you know where we keep flash disks and printing paperM: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That’s where we keep all of our office supplies.Q: what does the woman mean4.W: The printing of this dictionary is so small. I can’t read the explanations at all.M: Let me get my magnify glass. I know I just can’t do without it.Q: What does the man mean5. W: I’m considering having my office redecorated, the furniture is old and the paint is chipping.M: I’ll give you my sister-in-law’s number. She just graduated from an interior designing academy, and will give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering6. W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But we can’t get a container ship anyway.M: That’s always being a problem in this port. The facilities here are never able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about7. W: Why didn’t Rod get a pay raiseM: The boss just isn’t convinced that his work attitude wa rranted it. She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about8. W: The hotel called, saying that because of the scheduling there, they won’t be are able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the high street that offers a special diner for groups. The food is excellent, and the room is large enough to accommodate us.Q: What does the man suggest they doSection BConversation OneM: Hello Jane.W: Hello Paul.M: Please coming. I’m just getting ready to go home. Susan is expecting me for dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change.W: Look, I’m terribly sorry to drop in this time on Friday, Paul, but it is rather important.M: That’s OK. What’s the problemW: Well, Paul, I won’t keep you long. You see there is a problem with the exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchange market. You see there is being a sharp increase in Indian’s balance of payment deficit.M: I see. How s erious, isn’t itW: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and the prospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that’s going to affect us, as if we didn’t have enough problems on our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our position on the outstanding contract.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that mean exactlyW: Well, it means that JO notes enters into a commitment to sell Indian Rupees at the present rate.M: I see. And how will that benefit usW: Well, JO notes wouldn’t lose out if Indian Rupee falls further.M: What will it cost, JaneW: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price of the bike.M: Well, I don’t suppose there is much choice. All right Jane, let’s put it into action.Q9: What do we learn about the man’s daily lifeQ10: Why did the woman come to see the manQ11: What makes the woman worry about the Indian RupeeConversation TwoW: Charles, among other things, you regarded as one of the America’s great masters of the blues. A musical idiom does essentially about loss,particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die M: People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic ex pectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn’t turn out to be who they thought he or she was, they start thinking maybe I can change him or her.That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are going to be pretty much w hat they are. It’s a rare thing for anybody to be able to change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appeals to you about life on the roadM: Music, I don’t especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you’ve got the ultimate of life.W: What’s the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famous musicianM: People think it’s all glamour. Actually we have the same troubles they do. Playing music doesn’t mean life treats you any better.W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you goM: You think I be used to it by now. But I still find it fascinating.You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on side and know all your music. I’m still amazed by the love people express for me and by music.Q12: What does the man say about most people when they get into love affairsQ13: What does the man say about himself as a singer on the road most of his lifeQ14: What do most people think of the life of a famous musicianQ15: How does the man feel whenever he was recognized by his fans短文Passage OneChanging technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations.Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist to be experienced employees from hierarchical organizations, who have been condition to traditional organizational culture. Cooperation may not occur naturally, it mainly to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization,all society that it supposes it serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group’s performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed.He believes the team corporationresults when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together,the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitations.They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertedness. If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.Q 16: What should team members do to fully realize their potential Q 17: What needs to be considered for effective team management Q 18: What conclusion can we draw from what Casey saysPassage TwoIn early 1994, when Mark Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developeda program, which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnight success. It was put on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993. And by the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, he started to have meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley’s most famous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet, which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest three million dollars of his own money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteen million from venture capitalists, who were always keen to listen to Clark’s new ideas.Q 19 What do we learn about MosaicQ 20 What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon ValleyQ 21Why were venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investmentPassage ThreeAdvertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services relay on this alone,which using paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements and by media space themselves.They tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfy company to give its account to another agency. And it would be to fire their own advertising staff. The company generally give the advertising agency and agreed budget. A statement of the objective of the advertising campaign know as brief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media prime, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials thatpretested in newspapers, television stations etc. in different parts of the country. Before a final choices was made prior to a national campaign.Q22 What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speakerQ23 What does the speaker say is the proposes of many organization using prestige advertisingQ24 How did large companies generally handle their advertisingQ25 What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaignSection CExtinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an eternal concept. It is not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is simply diminishing numbers.Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that only affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is, rather, an absolute and final act which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct, it’s gone forever. However many generations succeed us in coming centuries, none of themwill ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only us we bring about extinction of life on a vast scale. We are also making the land and the air and sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.As regard natural resources ,not only are the none renewable resources being used up in a of frenzy of processing, consuming and disposing but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources. Such as the very solid self on which terrestrial life depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs. Perhaps the greatest, since we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural modification. But it change the geological and biological as well as psychological order of magnitude.。
2015年12月英语六级听力真题卷3
2015 年 12 月英语六级听力真题（第三套）Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the endof each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre. 1.A.She has completely recovered. B.She went into shock after an operation. C.She is still in a critical condition. D.She is getting much better. 2.A.Ordering a breakfast. B.Booking a hotel room. C.Buying a train ticket. D.Fixing a compartment. 3.A.Most borrowers never returned the books to her. B.The man is the only one who brought her book back. C.She never expected anyone to return the books to her. D.Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets. 4.A.She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday. B.She attended the supermarket's grand opening ceremony. C.She drove a full hour before finding a parking space. D.She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday. 5.A.He is bothered by the pain in his neck. B.He cannot do his report without a computer. C.He cannot afford to have a coffee break. D.He feels sorry to have missed the report. 6.A.Only top art students can show their works in the gallery. B.The gallery space is big enough for the man's paintings. C.The woman would like to help with the exhibition layout. D.The man is uncertain how his art works will be received. 7.A.The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant. B.The man works in the same department as the woman does.C.The woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days. D.The man is capable of dealing with difficult people. 8.A.It was better than the previous one. B.It distorted the mayor's speech. C.It exaggerated the city's economic problems. D.It reflected the opinions of most economists. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9.A.To inform him of a problem they face. B.To request him to purchase control desks. C.To discuss the content of a project report. D.To ask him to flX the dictating machine. 10.A.They quote the best price in the market. B.They manufacture and sell office furniture. C.They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time. D.They cannot produce the steel sheets needed. 11.A.By marking down the trait price. B.By accepting the penalty clauses. C.By allowing more time for delivery. D.By promising better after-sales service. 12.A.Give the customer a ten percent discount. B.Claim compensation from the steel suppliers. C.Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers. D.Cancel the contract with the customer. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 13.A.Stockbroker. B.Physicist. C.Mathematician. D.Economist. 14.A.Improve computer programming. B.Explain certain natural phenomena. C.Predict global population growth. D.Promote national financial health. 15.A.Their different educational backgrounds. B.Changing attitudes toward nature. C.Chaos theory and its applications. D.The current global economic crisis.Section B Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre. Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16.A.They lay great emphasis on hard work. B.They name 150 star engineers each year. C.They require high academic degrees. D.They have people with a very high IQ. 17.A.Long years of job training. B.High emotional intelligence. C.Distinctive academic qualifications. D.Devotion to the advance of science. 18.A.Good interpersonal relationships. B.Rich working experience. C.Sophisticated equipment. D.High motivation. Passage Two Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19.A.A diary. B.A fairy tale. C.A history textbook. D.A biography. 20.A.He was a sports fan. B.He loved adventures. C.He disliked school. D.He liked hair-raising stories. 21.A.Encourage people to undertake adventures. B.Publicize his colorful and unique life stories. C.Raise people's environmental awareness. D.Attract people to America's national parks.Passage Three Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22.A.The first infected victim. B.A coastal village in Africa. C.The doctor who lust identified it. D.A river running through the Congo. 23.A.They exhibit similar symptoms. B.They can be treated with the same drug. C.They have almost the same mortality rate. D.They have both disappeared for good. 24.A.By inhaling air polluted with the virus. B.By contacting contaminated body fluids. C.By drinking water from the Congo River. D.By eating food grown in Sudan and Zalre. 25.A.More strains will evolve from the Ebola virus. B.Scientists will eventually fred cures for Ebola. C.Another Ebola epidemic may erupt sooner or later. D.Once infected, one will become immune to Ebola. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the irst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written. The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also beprogrammed to behave in an agreeable manner.Those（26）that make interaction with other peopleenjoyable would be simulated as closely as possible, and the machine would（27）charming,stimulating, and easygoing.Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, andyet the machine would remain slightly（28）and therefore interesting.In its first encounter it might besomewhat hesitant and unassuming, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more（29）and intimate style.The machine would not be a passive（30）but would add its ownsuggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes （31） developing or changing the topicand would have a personality of its own.The machine would convey presence: We have all seen how a computer's use of personal namesoften（32）people and leads them to treat the machine as if it werealmost human.Such features areeasily written into the software.By introducing（33） forcefulness and humor, the machine could bepresented as a vivid and unique character. Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it（34）the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another.At an（35） timeit might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy. 参考答案： 1.D)。
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2015年12月英语六级听力原文：第一套短对话（沪江网校版）Short Conver sat ions1.W: Wow, what variety of salads you've got on your menu! Could you recommend something special?M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressing with fresh berries.Q: What does the man mean?2.W: I was talking to Mary the other day and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doing really well.M: Yes, business picked up much faster than we anticipated. We now have over 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?3.M: Do you know where we keep flash discs and printing paper?W: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That's where we keep all of our office supplies.Q: What does the woman mean?4.W: The print in this dictionary is so small. I can't read the explanations at all. M: Let me get my magnifying glass. I know I just can't do without it.Q: What does the man mean?5.W: I'm considering having my office redecorated. The furniture is old and the paint is chipping.M: I'll give you my sister-in-law's number. She just graduated from an interior design academy and will give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering?6.W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But we can't get a container ship anywhere.M: That's always been a problem in this port. The facilities here are never able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about?7.W: Why didn't Rod get a pay raise?M: The boss just isn't convinced that his work attitude warranted. She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about?8.W: The hotel called, saying that bec ause of a scheduling error, they won't be able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the High Street that offers a special dinner for groups. The food is excellent and the room is large enough to accommodate us.Q: What does the man suggest they do?Long conversationsConversation 1M: Hello, Jane!W: Hello, Paul!M: Please come in. I'm just getting ready to go home. Susan is expecting me for dinner. I want to be on time for a change.W: Look, I'm terribly sorry to drop in at this time on Friday, Paul, but it is rather important.M: That's OK. What's the problem?W: Well, Paul, I won't keep you long. You see there's a problem with the exchange rates. The India rupee has taken a fall in a foreign exchange market. You see there's been a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit.M: I see. That's serious, isn't it?W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest in India and the prospects for the rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that's going to affect us as if we didn't have enough problems on our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover to protect our position on the outstanding contracts.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover? Now, what does that meanexactly?W: Well, it means that JO Motors enters into a commitment to sell India rupees at the present rate.M: I see. And how would that benefit us?W: Well, JO Motors won't lose out if the India rupee falls further.M: What will it cost, Jane?W: A small percentage, about one percent, and that can be built into the price of the back.M: Well, I don't suppose there's a much choice. All right, Jane, let's put it into action.Q9: What do we learn about the man's daily life?Q10: Why did the woman come to see the man?Q11: What makes the woman worry about the India rupee?2015年12月英语六级听力原文及答案：第一套短文1&2（沪江网校版）Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscored the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team maybe composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems.When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations, who had been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization or society it supposedly serves.A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, teambuilding may be necessary in order to improve the group’s performance.Casey, an expert in this filed, suggests that the cooperation process within teams, must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team cooperation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, unique, and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests that the multicultural managers exhibit understandings of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertiveness.If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.问题+答案：16. What should team members do to fully realize their potential?B) Follow closely the fast development of technology.17. What needs to be considered for effective team management?B) What type of personnel the team should be composed of.18. What conclusion can we draw from what Casey says?D) A team manager should develop a certain set skills.Passage 2In early 1994, when Marc Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But web Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends, had developed a program, which could send images over the web as well.Mosaic was an overnight success. It was put on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993, and by the end of the year, it had over a millionusers. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, he started to have meetings with the man called Jim Clark, who was one of the valley’s most famous entrepreneurs.In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet, which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within 2 years. He suggested, they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic, but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest 3 million dollars of his own money in the project and raised an extra 15 million from venture capitalists who are always keen to listen to Clark’s new ideas.问题+答案：19. What do we learn about Mosaic?A) It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. What did Andreessen do upon arriving Silicon Valley?B) He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.21. Why would venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investment?B) They had confidence in his new ideas.2015年12月英语六级听力原文：第一套短文3（沪江网校版）作者：沪江网校 | 来源：沪江英语Ready！学咖们开干啦！听说预付定金报班翻倍抵扣，快来看看！Passage3Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services, and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising, which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead.Indeed, many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising, which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particularproducts. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements, and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than a single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising stuff.The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget;a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign, known as a brief; and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan specifying which media will be used and in which proportions. Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested in newspapers, television stations, etc. in different parts of a country before a final choice is made prior to a national campaign.Q22. What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?Q23. What does the speaker say is the purpose of many organizations using prestige adverting?Q24. How do large companies generally handle their advertising?Q25. What will advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?。