新一代大学生英语2期末考试资料汇总

Unit1

一、

1 Leaders often have charisma, an attractive quality that makes other people admire them and want to follow them. (Para.2).领导者通常有魅力，一种吸引人的品质，使别人钦佩他们，并想追随他们。

2 A person who has a(n) brilliant mind can do extraordinary things that no one with a normal mind can imagine. (Para.2)一个有聪明头脑的人能做常人无法想象的非凡的事情。

3 It matters little whether people are physically beautiful or ugly, Because people’s minds and souls are more important. (Para.2)

人的外表是美是丑并不重要，因为人的思想和灵魂更重要。

4 When faced with awkward questions in a conversation, we often get stuck. (Para.3)

当我们在谈话中遇到尴尬的问题时，我们常常会陷入困境。

5 Unfortunately, this apparently straightforward question turns out to be harder to answer than one might suppose. (Para,3)

不幸的是，这个显而易见的简单问题比人们想象的要难回答

6 We cannot attempt to predict all the tough questions children will ask.(Para.9)

我们不能预测孩子们会问的所有难题。

二、

1 using a counter-example to a proposition or claim is to use an example that proves that the proposition or claim is not true

对一个命题或主张使用反例就是用一个例子来证明这个命题或主张是不正确的

2 In order to challenge opinions on one issue and make yours reasonable ,you should debate their ideas.

为了在一个问题上挑战你的观点并使你的观点合理，你应该辩论他们的观点。

3 When you have to begin a conversation with nothing to talk about, you may ty to ask brief questions ,tell an interesting story or make some random comments.

当你不得不开始一段没有什么可谈的谈话时，你可以问一些简短的问题，讲一个有趣的故事，或者随意发表一些评论。

4 In order to question the assumption of Aristotle that the heavier object has a higher failing speed , Galileo did an experiment in the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

为了质疑亚里士多德的假设，即较重的物体有较高的失败速度，伽利略在比萨斜塔做了一个实验。

5 A paper published in Physics Today challenges how physics taught and states that teaching fails to reveal the limits of our understanding.

《今日物理学》上发表的一篇论文对物理学的教学提出了挑战，指出教学不能揭示我们理解的极限。

6 In London, where the family was reduced to poverty , Karl Marx continued writing his theories to explore and understand the nature of society.

在伦敦，这个家庭陷入贫困的地方，卡尔·马克思继续写他的理论来探索和理解社会的本质。

三、

1 Huxley was at first an opponent of any evolutionary change at all ,but after reading the Origin of Species he got tied (on ,in) knots and his reaction was "How stupid of me not to have thought of that."

赫胥黎起初反对任何进化上的改变，但读了《物种起源》后，他感到很困惑，他的反应是“我真愚蠢，竟然没有想到这一点。”

2 Dr.Dewdney looked closely at eight problems that reveal the (limitations ,limits) of human understanding in his new book.

杜尼博士在他的新书中仔细研究了揭示人类理解的局限性的八个问题。

3 As Socrates' prized student , Plato came under Socrates' spell at about 20,decicling to devote himself (for ,to) philosophy. 作为苏格拉底的得意门生，柏拉图在20岁左右就被苏格拉底迷住了，决定献身于哲学。

4 Freudian scholar Donald Levy argues that some critics fail to understand the (nature , feature) and importance of the concepts of resistance and transference(移情），and that their critique of Freud's scientific credibility is incoherent.

4弗洛伊德学者唐纳德·利维认为,一些批评人士无法理解的性质和重要性阻力和移情的概念(移情),而他们批判弗洛伊德的科学信誉是不连贯的。

5 The role of the newly-built center is to provide a cross-disciplinary forum wherein scholars gather to exchange and (dispute ,debate)ideas generated from the areas of philosophy ,history ,politics ,sociology as well as international and cultural studies.

新成立的中心的作用是提供一个跨学科的论坛，在这里学者们聚集在一起交流和(争论、辩论)来自哲学、历史、政治、社会学以及国际和文化研究领域的观点。

6 Unlike those who came before him, Kepler questioned the(conception ,assumption) that planets moved in uniform circular motion, replacing it with elliptical(椭圆形的）

motion、

与那些出现在他面前,开普勒质疑(概念、假设),行星在匀速圆周运动中,代之以椭圆(椭圆形的)运动,

Unit3

一、

1 Conversation skills are necessary in social interaction if you want others to react positively.

如果你想让别人做出积极的反应，在社交活动中使用会话技巧是必要的。

2 Children could not acquire a language solely on the basis of the linguistic input they receive.

儿童不能仅仅根据他们所接受的语言输入来习得一门语言。

3When you get hopelessly lost in city, you can only turn to others for help.

当你在城市里失去希望时，你只能向别人寻求帮助。

4 Language and human culture probably evolved together.

语言和人类文化可能是一起进化的。

5 some people believe that human being are instinctively

self-centered

有些人认为人类天生以自我为中心

二

1 A rude person can never gain respect and affection from other people.

粗鲁的人永远得不到别人的尊重和爱戴。

2 If you use language appropriately, the person you speak to may react to what you say more positively

如果你恰当地使用语言，与你交谈的人可能会对你说的话做出更积极的反应

3 Don't you think a polite way of asking for help give people warmer feelings ?

你不认为礼貌的请求帮助的方式会给人更温暖的感觉吗

4 A polite request will help you get a better response from others.

一个礼貌的请求会帮助你得到别人更好的回应。

5 Proper choice of words will enrich one's social conversation and help you make more friends.

适当的用词会丰富一个人的社交谈话，并帮助你交到更多的朋友。三、

1 She used to be an elementary school teacher, and naturally gravitate toward children.

她曾经是一名小学教师，天生就喜欢孩子。

2 People tend to pull away from those who disagree with them. .人们倾向于远离那些不同意他们观点的人。

3 You cannot always translate what others have said into terms of" what he wants to get from me."

你不能总是把别人说的话翻译成“他想从我这里得到什么”。

4 Being self-centered will make you lose friends and miss out on meaningful connections.

以自我为中心会让你失去朋友，失去有意义的联系。

5 The you-oriented principle in communication will help you establish a friendly rapport with other people.

沟通中以你为中心的原则会帮助你与他人建立友好的关系。

6 A powerful approach to learning to love is to practice putting others first

学习爱的一个有效方法就是把别人放在第一位

7 The ugliness of our self-centeredness is easily camouflage in the motives and methods for our success.

我们以自我为中心的丑陋很容易隐藏在我们成功的动机和方法中。

Unit4

一

1 in case of a(n) criminal medical emergency, you should call 911 in the United States. (Para.2)

在美国，如果发生刑事医疗紧急情况，你应该拨打911。

2 This study examines major newspaper coverage of infamous cases of school violence.

这项研究调查了主要报纸对臭名昭著的校园暴力事件的报道。(Para 6)

3 Treason was once, and should be still, the most shocking crime of which a person could be accused - worse than picking pockets or robbing banks, because t involves the betrayal of the entire society in which one lives. (Para.7)

叛国罪曾经是，现在也应该是，一个人可能被指控的最令人震惊的罪行——比扒窃或抢劫银行还要严重，因为叛国罪涉及对他所生活的整个社会的背叛。

4 If you come across an emergency situation that requires your immediate attention, the first thing to do is to stay back and check the area for danger, (Para.1)

如果你遇到紧急情况，需要你立即注意，第一件事是待在后面，检查该地区是否有危险

。5 should you feel in any way unsafe or observe an incident that concerns you , please report the matter to Campus Control.(Para.1)

如果你有任何不安全的感觉，或发现与你有关的事件，请向校园管理部门报告。

6 Since you may be faced with an emergency sometime in your life, it's important that you know how to recognize an emergency and how to respond. (Para.3)

由于你在生活中可能会遇到紧急情况，所以知道如何识别紧急情况并做出反应是很重要的。

二、

1 New York City Mayor called on President Obama to take immediate action on gun violence, following the shooting in Connecticut, which killed 28 people, including 20 children. 纽约市长呼吁奥巴马总统立即对枪支暴力采取行动。此前，康涅狄格州发生枪击案，造成28人死亡，其中包括20名儿童。

2 Seeing the aircraft in flames ,a fireman at the airport telephoned the fire brigade for more help and went to offer assistance

看到飞机着火了，机场的一名消防员打电话给消防队寻求更多帮助，并前去提供帮助

3 Mediators were standing by , prepared to the labor dispute, even intervene in though both sides had refused earlier offers of assistance.

调解员在一旁待命，准备处理劳资纠纷，甚至介入调解，尽管双方早先都拒绝提供援助。

4 Celebrity chef Nigella Lawson was photographed being gripped around the neck by a man believed to be her husband in a London restaurant, and everyone there was reluctant to get involved

名厨尼格拉·劳森被拍到在伦敦的一家餐馆里被一名据信是她丈夫的男子掐住脖子，在场的每个人都不愿参与其中

5 Researchers found that dolphins may not be afraid to endanger oneself to rescue trapped dolphins lifting an injured dolphin to the water's surface to help it breathe.

研究人员发现，海豚可能并不害怕冒险营救被困海豚，它们把受伤的海豚抬到水面帮助它呼吸。

6 Sometimes people turn their back to others' cry for help because they fear getting caught up\in a situation beyond their control.

有时候，人们因为害怕陷入无法控制的境地而不理睬别人的求助。

Unit5

一、

A

1 By capturing the market place, the company will ensure survival and prosperity

通过占领市场，公司将确保生存和繁荣

2 To win all without fighting in the business world is to achieve market dominance

在商业世界中不战而胜，就是取得市场主导地位

3 Companies with dominant market share in an industry segment or an entire industry and are more able to set the industry's standards and define the playing field 在某一行业或整个行业中占有主导市场份额的公司更能制定行业标准，定义竞争环境

B

1 With higher customer loyalty the company will see customers

returning to purchase again and persuading others to use its products or services.

随着顾客忠诚度的提高，公司将会看到顾客再次购买，并劝说他人使用其产品或服务。

2 To sell goods in larger volumes is a common practice of supermarkets to increase sales revenue.

大批量销售商品是超市增加销售收入的一种常见做法。

3 Many companies seek to achieve better economies of scale by becoming large or even dominant producers of a particular type of product or service.

许多公司通过成为某一特定产品或服务的大型生产商，甚至是主要生产商来寻求更好的规模经济。

4 Leading firms of an industry are characterized by stronger distribution capabilities usually through more distribution channels and webs.

一个行业的龙头企业具有较强的分销能力，通常通过更多的分销渠道和网络。

二、

1 gain a position (Para.5)

获得一个职位(第5段)

2 establish an excellent competitive position (Para.6)

建立良好的竞争地位(第6段)

3 achieve a dominant position (Para.7)

取得优势地位(第7段)

4 create a strong defensive position (Para.9)

创建一个强大的防御位置(第9段)

5 find a defensible position (Para.9)

找一个可以防守的位置(第9段)

6 What other expressions with "position" do you know can be used to describe a company's situation in market competition? Hold a position \get a position\ maintain the position\\\

三、

d small companies

小公司

1They began as seedlings ,but used creative strategy to bring value to the marketplace, grew quickly, and continued doing business successfully for a number of years.

他们从幼苗开始，但运用创造性的策略为市场带来价值，迅速成长，并持续成功地经营了数年。

c are closely related

是紧密相关的