计算机专业英语期末考复习资料
计算机专业英语期末复习大纲.
计算机专业英语期末复习大纲I. Match the following two columns (20%: 1 point for each)考察范围：课文中的词汇和表达。
II. Match the words or expressions in the left column with those in similar meaning in the right column. (20%: 2 points for each)考察范围：课后练习中的词汇练习部分III. Tell whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for the right，F for the wrong on the answer sheet. (20%: 2 points for each)考察范围：课后练习中的判断正误题Ⅳ. Read the following passages and choose the best answer (20%: 2 points for each)考察范围：从课外出V. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%: 4 points for each)考察范围：课后练习中的翻译练习各章大纲Chapter 1( 第一章) Computer Hardware Fundamentals教学内容：•CPU•Memory Devices•Input and output教学要求：•掌握计算机系统硬件组成涉及的主要英文词汇及其缩写形式（如中央处理器CPU 、内存Memory 等）•能够阅读并理解涉及计算机硬件的简单英文文章（篇幅在500~800 词之间，生词不超过3% ，阅读速度达到每分钟40~50 词）•初步认识有关计算机硬件组成的英文科技文章的风格Chapter 2( 第二章) Operating Systems教学内容：•The Definition of Operating System•PC Operating System•Introduction to Windows XP教学要求：•掌握计算机操作系统软件涉及的主要英文词汇及其缩写形式（如操作系统OS ，进程Process 等）•能够阅读并理解涉及计算机软件的简单英文文章（篇幅在500~800 词之间，生词不超过3% ，阅读速度达到每分钟40~50 词）•初步认识有关计算机系统软件的英文科技文章的风格Chapter 3( 第三章) Application Software教学内容：•The Definition of Application Software•Miscellaneous Application Software•Introduction to Microsoft Word教学要求：•掌握计算机应用软件涉及的主要英文词汇及其缩写形式•能够阅读并理解涉及计算机应用软件的中等难度英文文章（篇幅在800~1200 词之间，生词不超过5% ，阅读速度达到每分钟40~50 词）•进一步认识涉及计算机应用软件的英文科技文章的风格Chapter 4( 第四章) Database System教学内容：• A Brief Introduction to Database systems•Types of Database Software•Introduction to SQL Server教学要求：•掌握数据库系统涉及的主要英文词汇及其缩写形式•能够熟练阅读并理解涉及数据库的中等难度英文文章（篇幅在800~1200 词之间，，生词不超过5% ，阅读速度达到每分钟50~60 词）•熟悉涉及计算机专业的英文科技文章的风格，了解和掌握其中的常见语法和表达方式Chapter 5 （第五章) Programming and Design教学内容：•Introduction to Programming•Programming Languages•Introduction to Visual Basic教学要求：•掌握程序设计方面涉及的主要英文词汇及其缩写形式•能够阅读并基本理解涉及程序设计的较长篇幅英文文章（篇幅在1200 词以上，生词不超过5% ，阅读速度达到每分钟50~60 词）•能够比较准确、通顺地翻译简单的计算机专业英文文章( 篇幅在300~500 词之间，生词不超过3%)Chapter 6( 第六章) Software Engineering教学内容：•Introduction to Software Engineering•Object-Oriented Software Development•Software Testing教学要求：•掌握软件工程涉及的主要英文词汇及其缩写形式•能够熟练阅读并基本理解涉及软件工程的较长篇幅英文文章（篇幅在1200 词以上，生词不超过8% ，阅读速度达到每分钟50~60 词）•能够比较准确、通顺地翻译中等难度但篇幅较短的计算机专业英语文章（篇幅在500 词以内，生词不超过5% ）Chapter 7( 第七章) Computer Networks教学内容：•Fundamentals of Networking System•Internet•Introduction to TCP/IP Protocol教学要求：•掌握计算机网络涉及的主要英文词汇及其缩写形式•能够熟练阅读并基本理解涉及计算机网络的较长篇幅英文文章（篇幅在1200 词以上，生词不超过5% ，阅读速度达到每分钟50~60 词）能够比较准确、通顺地翻译中等难度但篇幅较短的计算机网络文章（篇幅在500 词以内，生词不超过5% ）Chapter 8( 第八章) Computer Application Systems教学内容：•Management Information System•Electronic Commerce System•Multimedia System教学要求：•能够熟练阅读并基本理解涉及计算机综合应用的英文文章（篇幅在1200 词以上，生词不超过5% ，阅读速度每分钟60 词左右）•能够翻译中等难度、中等篇幅的计算机专业英文文章（篇幅在500 词~800 词之间，生词不超过5% ）•初步具有阅读英文原文，获取新知识的能力Chapter 9( 第九章) Extended Topics of Computer Application教学内容：•Data Warehouse•Computer virus•Network Security Basics教学要求：•能够熟练阅读并理解涉及计算机综合应用的英文文章（篇幅在1200 词以上，生词不超过5% ，阅读速度每分钟60 词以上）•能够翻译中等难度、中等篇幅的计算机综合文章（篇幅在500 词~800 词之间，生词不超过5% ）•具有一定的阅读英文原文，获取新知识的能力。
计算机专业技能英语期末整理自资料
10软件专业英语期末复习Vocabulary (30分)（一）Translate the following words or phrases into English. （写出下列词或词组的英文）（共10题，每题1分，计10分）1. 备份backups2. 路由器router3. 基于文本的text-based4. 下载/上传download/upload5, 浏览器browser6. 数据挖掘data mining7. 端口port8. 恶意软件malware9. 协议栈protocol stack10. 软件工程sofeware engineering11. 黑客hacker12. 网关gateway13. 总线bus14. 排除故障debug15, 假脱机spooling16. 多媒体multi--media17. 主干网backbone network18. 升级upgrade19. 线程thread20. 防火墙fire wall21．进程process22 向导guide（二）Give out the full names for the following abbreviations and translate into Chinese.（写出下列缩写词的全称，并翻译成汉语）（共10题，每题2分，计20分）1.GUI Graphic User Interface 图形用户界面2.RAM Random Access Memory 随机存取存储器3.SQL Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言4.HTTP Hyper Text Transport Protocol 超文本传输协议5.ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织6.DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库管理系统7.AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能8.PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect 外设部件互联9.WAN Wide Area Network 广域网10.I C Integrated Circuit 集成电路11.R OM Read Only Memory 只读存储器12.U RL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位符13.F TP File Transport Protocol 文件传输协议14.L AN Local Area Network 局域网15.H TML Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言16.W AP Wireless Application Protocol 无线应用协议17.U SB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线I．Multiple Choices（共15题，每题1分，计15分）II．Cloze (共15题，每题1分，计15分)（一）Choose from the list to fill in the blanks.（选词填空）(共10题，每题1分，计10分)（二）Fill in the blanks according to what you have learned. （根据课文选词填空）(共5题，每题1分，计5分)1. Buffering can overlap The input, output and computation.2. Batch systems automate job sequencing by a Resident monitor.3. Spooling allowed the CPU to overlap the I/O operation with the computation.4. Time sharing can be got by Multiprogramming.5. Real time system and Multiprocessor systems are other operating system types.IV．Reading comprehension（阅读理解）(共10题，每题2分，计20分)III．Translation （翻译）（共5题，每题4分，计20分）中译英：1、计算机系统由硬件系统和软件系统做成，计算机的硬件通常分为三个主要部分或三个主要子系统：CPU,存储子系统和输入/输出系统。
计算机专业英语复习资料
Central Processing Unit 中央处理器Memory 内存Random-Access Memory 随机存储器Read-Only Memory 只读存储器Monitor 监视器keyboard 键盘Mouse 鼠标Hard disk 硬盘Operating system 操作系统Memory management 内存管理Device management 设备管理Storage management 存储管理Application Interface 应用程序接口Processor management 处理器User Interface 用户界面Data structure 数据结构Tree 树Nodes 节点Root nodes 根节点Leaf nodes 叶节点Identifiers 标识符Name Space 名空间Global Variables 全局变量Database 数据库Relational Database 关系数据库Stuctured Query Language 结构化查询语言Database Management system 数据库管理系统Distributed Database 分布式数据库Software Engineering 软件工程Requirement Analysis 需求分析Software Design 软件设计C was developed in the early 1970s, and it has grown into a very popular language now. C might be described as a "medium level language",Like a true high level language,there is a one-to-many relationship between a C statement and the machine language instruction it is compiled into. Thus a language like C gives you far more programing leverage than a low level assembly language.However, compared to most high level languange ,C has a very small set of constructs. In addition unlike most high level language ,C let you easily do chorse (such as bit and pointer manipulation) additionally performed by assembly languages, Therefore ,C is an especially good tool to use for developing operating system( such as the UNIX operating system),or other system software.翻译：C语言的开发始于20世纪70年代初期，现在已经成为非常流行的语言，C语言也许最适合被描述成为“中级语言”，。
计算机专业英语期末复习题及参考答案
一单选题 (共10题，总分值30分 )1. hacker （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙2. functional testing （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙3. relational database （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙4. firewall （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙5. software testing （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙6. audi （3 分）B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙7. application software （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙8. machine language （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库J. 防火墙9. memory （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙10. structured programming （3 分）A. 音频B. 应用软件C. 机器语言D. 软件测试E. 结构化程序设计F. 内存G. 功能测试H. 关系数据库I. 黑客J. 防火墙二填空题 (共1题，总分值5分 )11. Microsoft Word XP is the current Window versionof Word, and documents created in Word XP can beeasily _________________________________Excel, Power Point and Access files. In the interface of Word, the_________________________________displays the name of the current application and name of the current document;the_________________________________lists the names of the menus available;the_________________________________gives the user quick access to frequently used editingfunctions; the_________________________________enables theuser to change left and right margin.toolbarrulertitle barmenu barincorporate into （5 分）三翻译题 (共10题，总分值50分 )12. hard disk （5 分）13. 集成开发环境（5 分）14. 通用串行总线（5 分）15. network security （5 分）16. software maintenance （5 分）17. electronic commerce （5 分）18. 广域网（5 分）19. 结构化查询语言（5 分）20. management information system （5 分）21. 面向对象编程（5 分）四阅读理解 (共1题，总分值15分 )22. The Internet, then known as ARPANET, wasbrought online in 1969, which initiallyconnected four major computers at universitiesin the southwestern US . The early Internet wasused by computer experts , engineers, scientists, and librarians. There was nothing friendly about it. There were no home or office personalcomputers in those days, and anyone who used it, whether a computer professional or an engineeror scientist or librarian, had to learn to use a very complex system.The Internet matured in the 1970's as a result of the TCP/IP architecture. As the commands for E-mail, FTP , and telnet were standardized, it became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn to use the nets. It was not easy by today' s standards by any means, but it did open up use of the Internet to many more people in universities in particular. Other departments besides the libraries, computer, physics, and engineering departments found ways to make good use of the nets -- to communicate with colleagues around the world and to share files and resources.In 1991, the first really friendly interface to the Internet was developed at the University of Minnesota. The University wanted to develop a simple menu system to access files and information on campus through their local network.Since the Internet was initially funded by the government, it was originally limited to research, education, and government uses. Commercial uses were prohibited unless they directly served the goals of research and education. This policy continued until the early 1990's, when independent commercial networks began to grow.(四) Choose the best answer according to Passage C.（根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。
计算机专业英语复习题完整版
计算机专业英语复习题标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]1.home page 主页2.graphical user interface (GUI) 图形用户界面3.artificial intelligence 人工智能4.carbon copy 打字副本5.field 字段6.software suite 软件套装7.desktop operating system 桌面操作系统ser printer 激光打印机9.machine language 机器语言10.relational database 关系数据库11.menu bar 菜单栏12.secondary storage 辅助存储器；二级存储器13.system software 系统软件二、1.内存 memory2.输入设备 input device3.扬声器 speaker4.局域网 local-area network5.传输控制协议 transmission control protocol6.集成电路 integrated circuits7.上下文敏感 context sensitive8.微处理器 microprocessor9.只读存储器 Read-only memory10.触摸屏 touch screen11.像素 pixel12.多媒体 multimedia13.自动换行 word wrap三_________.A、peopleB、OSC、keyboardsD、proceduresE、software( abc ) 2、For microcomputer, there are three basic system units:____________ .A、Desktop system unitsB、Notebook system unitsC、Personal digital assistant system unitsD、Arithmetic-logic units( a ) 3、Language translators convert programming statementsinto__________.A、machine languagesB、UNIXC、service programsD、operating systems( b ) 4、The ____________is a list of commands or options from which you can choose.A、iconB、menuC、windowD、pointer( a ) 5、Database management systems are comprised of tables that are made of rows called __________ and columns called __________ .A、fields, recordsB、ranges, sheetsC、records, fieldsD、records, ranges( abcd )6、The four main computer operations are _________.A、inputB、processingC、outputD、storageE、compile( c ) 7、RAM is a kind of____________ memory.A、permanentB、smartC、temporaryD、flashE、expansion（ acd ）8、Which are the types of non-impact printer: ____________ .A、 thermal printerB、dot matrix printerC、laser printerD、ink-jet printerE、all of above（ a ）9、What is an extension of a driver in Windows environmentsA、.drvB、.txtC、D、.sysE、.win( c ) 10、The following answers ____________ is the system software.A、PHOTOSHOPB、EXCELC、Windows NTD、POWERPOINT ( bde ) 11、In monitors, the three primary colors are__________ .A、yellowB、redC、whiteD、greenE、blue( ab ) 12、Typically, the first page of a Web site is referred to as its__________ .A、home pageB、web pageC、HTMLD、URLE、site( ) 13、The new addressing system IPV6 defines an IP address as a ______________number. A、16-bit B、32-bit C、64-bitD、128-bit四、（一）Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use themon trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptops connect people. Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a＄10 million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year-old college. Thestudents with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, theywill be able to use e-mail to “speak” with their teachers, their classmates,and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program isthat students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs.They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops becomemore powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but alsolibraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studyinghow laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptopprograms at other universities, too. At Westlake College, more than 60 percentof the staff use computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, “Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything.”笔记本电脑在世界各地流行。
计算机专业英语期末必考题及答案总结
switchSwitches (Switch) is an identification based on the MAC ( network card hardware address) , complete the package forwarding packets functional network equipmentA router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork. 路由器（Router）是连接因特网中各局域网、广域网的设备，它会根据信道的情况自动选择和设定路由，以最佳路径，按前后顺序发送信号的设备路由器是为信息流或数据分组选择路由的设备。
Router is a routing device to select the flow of information or data packetRouter (Router) is connected to the Internet , LAN, WAN equipment ,it will automatically select the channel and routing settings , the best path , according to the equipment before and after the order to send signals区别Switch refers to any network -level data relay equipment (although multi-finger bridge ) , while the router is more focused on the network layerThe first switch is a data link layer in the OSI / RM open architecture , which is the second layer , while the router is a beginning design work at the network layer of the OSI modelThe switch is a physical address or MAC address to determine the destination address of the forwarding data . While the router is to use the IP address)to determine the data forwarding address交换机是一个物理地址或MAC地址来确定转发数据的目的地址。
计算机专业英语期末复习题(精选)
计算机专业英语期末复习题I. Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F)1. Few makers have incorporated a USB hub into their products.2. The Internet began to boom in 1990.3. Encryption means adding a password to the access of a computer.4. The aim of compression formats is to reduce file size.5. WWW provides access to a variety of internet resources fromdifferent interfaces.6. All commercial operating systems can be modified by everyone.7. HTML is a language used to write documents for the8. Computers have greatly reduced the amount of paper in offices.9. Other electronic devices like TV can also trol your PC.10. Everyone can make suggestions to improve the Linux operatingsystem.11. You could edit a video like a document file with cutting and pastingon cheap editing computers five years ago.12. By the hyperlink, the user is nected to the document specified bythe link.参考答案：1 F2 F3 T4 T 5F6 F7 T8 T9 T 10T11 F 12 TII. Give the Corresponding Translation.1. recovery2. server3. ROM4. machine language5. operating system6. interface7. software 8. RAM9. process 10. network11. memory 12. USB13. database 14. debug15. cache 16. CPU1. 多媒体2. 音频3. 键盘4. 激活5. 内存6. 浏览器7. 服务器 8. 输出9. 黑客 10. 病毒11. 显示器 12. 对象参考答案：1. 恢复2. 服务器3. 只读存储器（只读内存）4. 机器语言5. 操作系统6. 接口、界面7. 软件8. 随机存取存储器9. 过程10. 络11. 内存12. 通用串行总线13. 数据库 14. 调试15. 高速缓冲存储器16. 中央处理器1. multimedia2. audio3. keyboard4. activate5. memory6. browser7. server 8. output9. hacker 10. virus11. monitor 12. objectIII. T ranslate the Following Sentences into Chinese 12%1.Microsoft’s Windows 2000 is a powerful yet flexible operating systemdesigned for large applications in networked environments.2.A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make andspread copies of itself.3.Spreadsheet applications are computer programs that let you createand manipulate spreadsheets.4.An optical mouse doesn’t have a ball on the bottom and can usually beused without a mouse pad.5.A small network may only nect two computers inside a home to sharea single printer and Internet nection.6.The older DOS operating systems and some versions of Unix andLinux use a command interface, though graphical versions of Unix and Linux are now available.参考答案：1.windows 2000是一种为络环境下大型程序而设计的强大而灵活的操作系统。
电大计算机专业英语期末考试资料
(1). With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. B Ｆ(2). The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU. A Ｔ(3). The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. B Ｆ(4). The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions.B Ｆ(5). The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. A1.In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer . If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program. The task of developing programs for the solution of computational problems is referred to as programming. Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow. In general, this process will help us resolve a problem, which is either too tedious or difficult to work out otherwise . So programming is breaking a task down into small steps.Programming is sometimes contrasted with coding. Coding generally refers to the writing of programs for given program specification, while programming includes the task of preparing the program specification as well as that of writing the program. The text of a program is sometimes referred to as code, and lines of program text are referred to as lines of code, especially in the case of machine-language programs. The term coder is used to describe a person engaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared by others.What's actually involved in programming - the actual process of writing programs? Here's a quick overview of the process:· Write a program.· Compile the program.· Run the program.· Debug the program.· Repeat the whole process until the program is finished.(1). If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to . B program(2). Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequenceof for a computer to follow. A steps(3). The term coder is used to describe . D person(4). In order to solve a computational problem, you can let a person ora to do it. B computer(5). Which of the following is not the stages of programming? A Write a program..C Print the program.参考答案：C；考生答案：C；试题分数：4；考生得分：4。
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英语翻译成汉语：1、In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer．If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program．The task of developing programs for the soultion of computational problems is referred to as programming．Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow．In general，this process will help us resolve a problem，which is either too tedious (冗长的) or difficult to work out otherwise．So programming is breaking a task down into small steps．译：为解决计算问题，其解决方案必须被指定在一个计算步骤的序列，每一个可能由一个人或一个数字计算机。
如果你想解决计算问题的计算机，你应该学会如何计划。
制定发展任务的计划称为编程。
计算机编程的过程中规划和创建一个序列的计算机执行步骤。
一般来说，这个过程将帮助我们解决一个问题，是太冗长的或难以解决的方式。
所以编程是打破任务分解成小的步骤。
2、Programming is sometimes contrasted with coding. Coding generally refers to the writing of programs for given program specification，while programming includes the task of preparing the program specification as well as that of writing the program．The text of a program is sometimes referred to as code，and lines of program text are referred to as lines of code，especially in the case of machine language programs．The term coder is used to describe a personengaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared by others.译：编程有时是相反的编码。
编码一般是指写作程序给定程序规范，而编程包括任务的准备程序的规范以及编写程序。
该程序文本有时称为代码，和行程序文本称为行代码，特别是在案件的机器语言程序。
这个词编码是用来形容一个人专门从事项目规格由他人准备。
3、What's, actually involved in programming—the actual process of writing programs? Here's a quick overview of the process：1. Write a program．2. Compile the program．3. Run the program．4. Debug(调试) the program．5. Repeat the whole process until the program is finished．译：什么是实际参编写程序的过程？这里有一个快速的过程概述：1。
写一个程序。
2。
编译程序。
3。
运行程序。
4。
调试程序。
5。
重复整个过程，直到程序结束。
4、A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）devices, and software. The electric, electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term “hardware” refers to components called peripheral devices that expand the computer’s input, output, and storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularly useful mind tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set of instructions, called software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a network so users can share information.译：一个计算机系统包括一台计算机，外围设备和软件。
电气，电子，机械设备用于处理数据称为硬件。
除了电脑本身而言，“硬件”是指被称为外围设备的组件设备，扩大计算机的输入，输出，存储能力。
硬件本身并没有提供一个特别有用的思维工具。
计算机需要一套有益的指令，称为软件或计算机程序，告诉计算机如何执行特定任务。
让电脑变得更加有效，当连接到其他计算机网络，使用户可以共享信息。
5、In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect results. Minor bugs—for example, a cursor that does not behave as expected—can be inconvenient or frustrating, but not damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause a program to “hang” (stop respond ing to commands) and might leave the user with no alternative but to restart the program, losing any previous work that has not been saved. In either case, the programmer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging. Because of the potential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and debugged as completely as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the program becomes available are corrected in the next update; more severe bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called patches, that circumvents (规避) the problem or otherwise alleviates (减轻) its effects.译：在软件中，错误是编码或逻辑错误导致程序发生故障或产生不正确的结果。
较轻微的错误，一个游标，并不会表现为预想的不便或令人沮丧，但不损害信息。
较严重的错误会导致程序“挂”（停止响应命令），可能会让用户惟有重启程序，失去以往任何未保存的工作。
在任何情况下，程序员必须发现和纠正错误的过程称为调试。
由于潜在的风险的重要数据，商业应用程序的测试和调试尽可能在这之前完全释放。
小错误发现后，程序可纠正在下次更新；更严重的错误，有时可固定有特殊的软件，称为斑块，规避问题或者减轻其影响。
6、Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate（使变得容易）the efficient development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution, its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.译：在软件工程领域的软件开发中，计算机科学家和工程师的研究方法和手段，使高效发展的正确，可靠，和强大的计算机程序变得容易。