计算机专业英语期末考复习资料

英语翻译成汉语：

1、In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer．If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program．The task of developing programs for the soultion of computational problems is referred to as programming．Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow．In general，this process will help us resolve a problem，which is either too tedious (冗长的) or difficult to work out otherwise．So programming is breaking a task down into small steps．

译：为解决计算问题，其解决方案必须被指定在一个计算步骤的序列，每一个可能由一个人或一个数字计算机。如果你想解决计算问题的计算机，你应该学会如何计划。制定发展任务的计划称为编程。计算机编程的过程中规划和创建一个序列的计算机执行步骤。一般来说，这个过程将帮助我们解决一个问题，是太冗长的或难以解决的方式。所以编程是打破任务分解成小的步骤。

2、Programming is sometimes contrasted with coding. Coding generally refers to the writing of programs for given program specification，while programming includes the task of preparing the program specification as well as that of writing the program．The text of a program is sometimes referred to as code，and lines of program text are referred to as lines of code，especially in the case of machine language programs．The term coder is used to describe a person

engaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared by others.

译：编程有时是相反的编码。编码一般是指写作程序给定程序规范，而编程包括任务的准备程序的规范以及编写程序。该程序文本有时称为代码，和行程序文本称为行代码，特别是在案件的机器语言程序。这个词编码是用来形容一个人专门从事项目规格由他人准备。

3、What's, actually involved in programming—the actual process of writing programs? Here's a quick overview of the process：

1. Write a program．

2. Compile the program．

3. Run the program．

4. Debug(调试) the program．

5. Repeat the whole process until the program is finished．

译：什么是实际参编写程序的过程？这里有一个快速的过程概述：

1。写一个程序。

2。编译程序。

3。运行程序。

4。调试程序。

5。重复整个过程，直到程序结束。

4、A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）devices, and software. The electric, electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term “hardware” refers to components called peripheral devices that expand the computer’s input, output, and storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularly useful mind tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set of instructions, called software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a network so users can share information.

译：一个计算机系统包括一台计算机，外围设备和软件。电气，电子，机械设备用于处理数据称为硬件。除了电脑本身而言，“硬件”是指被称为外围设备的组件设备，扩大计算机的输入，输出，存储能力。硬件本身并没有提供一个特别有用的思维工具。计算机需要一套有益的指令，称为软件或计算机程序，告诉计算机如何执行特定任务。让电脑变得更加有效，当连接到其他计算机网络，使用户可以共享信息。

5、In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction or to produce incorrect results. Minor bugs—for example, a cursor that does not behave as expected—can be inconvenient or frustrating, but not damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause a program to “hang” (stop respond ing to commands) and might leave the user with no alternative but to restart the program, losing any previous work that has not been saved. In either case, the programmer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging. Because of the potential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and debugged as completely as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the program becomes available are corrected in the next update; more severe bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called patches, that circumvents (规避) the problem or otherwise alleviates (减轻) its effects.

译：在软件中，错误是编码或逻辑错误导致程序发生故障或产生不正确的结果。较轻微的错误，一个游标，并不会表现为预想的不便或令人沮丧，但不损害信息。较严重的错误会导致程序“挂”（停止响应命令），可能会让用户惟有重启程序，失去以往任何未保存的工作。在任何情况下，程序员必须发现和纠正错误的过程称为调试。由于潜在的风险的重要数据，商业应用程序的测试和调试尽可能在这之前完全释放。小错误发现后，程序可纠正在下次更新；更严重的错误，有时可固定有特殊的软件，称为斑块，规避问题或者减轻其影响。

6、Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods and tools that facilitate（使变得容易）the efficient development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution, its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.

译：在软件工程领域的软件开发中，计算机科学家和工程师的研究方法和手段，使高效发展