大学英语四级模拟试卷第01组(词汇)
英语模拟试题.doc
大学英语四级模拟试题（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting Certificates on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热2.大学生考证的利弊。
3.考证面前, 我的选择The Popularity of Getting Certificates on CampusPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8~10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Main Energies for the BodyA balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced diet should be made from carbohydrates. If eaten in an excess of the dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12, OOOkJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells.Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i. e. to be oxidized to release energy for active transport, macromolecule synthesis, cell division and muscle contraction. Carbohydrates are digested in the duodenum and ileum and absorbed as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. Ifthe diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as anenergy source.ProteinsProtein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and repair of body tissues while remaining an energy source as a last resort. Proteins fulfill a wide variety of roles in the body. They are broken down in the stomach and intestines to amino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized into proteins which can be structural, i. e. collagen in bone, keratin in hair, myosin and actin in muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones.Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will not be present either. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine and methionine is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino acids for cells to draw on, any amino acid in excess of immediate bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down.If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is caused when high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the lack of protein in the blood. The body cannot retain water by osmosis and fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged.Vitamin CategoriesVitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently.Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which are ingested with fatty foods and water soluble vitamins such as the B group vitamins and vitamin C. Vitamins are known as micronutrients because only small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxicif kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A can be considered toxic. Water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet.Vitamins AVitamin A is essential to the proper functioning of the retina in the eye and the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion of lubricating tears is stopped, the eyelids become swollen and sticky with pus. Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vitamin A into a pigment, rhodopsin, which is bleached when light enters the eye. Rod cells resynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut.Xenophthalmia is common among children who,s diets consist of mainly cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the PhilippinesVitamins DVitamin D, or calciferol, is another fat soluble steroid vitamin which functions to stimulate calcium uptake from the gut and its deposition in bone, vitamin D acts as a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D〃，which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorb calcium, vitamin D is therefore essential in growing children，s diets to enable the growth of strong bones. Without adequate amounts of vitamin D children can develop rickets, which is the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture.Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.Vitamins KVitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the intestines bacteria synthesize a number of important clotting factors which need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur.Vitamins CVitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys when they did not have fruit in their diets. Scurvy causes painful, bleeding gums. As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea.Vitamins BB group vitamins have a wide range of roles acting as co~enzymes in metabolic pathways. They are found in most plant and animal tissues involved in metabolism, therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells.1.An adult needs about 12, OOOkJ of energy a day from .A. the cellB. the respiring process of carbohydratesC. fats in the cellD. a balanced diet2.Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the processof ・A. digestionB. respirationC. oxidizationD. mobilization3.The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can beobtained from.A. stomachB. body tissuesC. the bodyD. the diet4.The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of .A. proteinB. carbohydratesC. vitaminsD. diet5.Vitamins are called “micronutrients" in that .A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urineB. the body only requires small amount of vitaminsC. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxicD. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic6.Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of.A. fat soluble vitaminsB. water soluble vitaminsC. vitamin AD. innate disability7.The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from.A. the growth of strong bonesB. fractureC. a progressive softening of the bonesD. calcium uptake from the gut8.Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough .9.The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives out of the body.10.If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn toQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the _47_ mind. Dreaming of something you' re worried about, researchers say, is the brain' s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your _48_. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement （REM） that happens while you' re dreaming are 49 to our ability to learn and remember. Dreaming is a “mood regulat ory system, " says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology 50_ at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She' s found that dreams help people work through the day' s emotional quandaries. "It' s like having a built-in therapist, ” says Car twright. While we sleep, dreams _51 newemotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven,t seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are 52 related. " It' s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can help real therapists treat patients 53 traumatic （创伤的）life events. In a new study of 30 recently 54_ adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. "If their dreams were bland, " Cartwright says, “they hadn, t started to work through their emotions and 55 with the divorce. " For therapists, this finding will help 56_ whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.A. dealB. physicallyC. wakeD. performanceE. makingF. undergoingG. experienceH. divorcedI. determinej. compareK. departmentL. consciousM. presentationN. linkedO. emotionallyPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper （给…换尿布）their firstborn son, "You do not have to be unhappy about it," she protested. "You can talk to him and smile a little. " The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him. ”Psychologist now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him.But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry (模糊的)shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn' t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.When a more nine minutes out, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he' s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony (同时发生)to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.57.The author points out that the father diapering his first-born son was wrong because・A)he believed the baby was not able to hear himB)he thought the baby didn' t have the power of speechC)he was a psychologist unworthy of his professionD)he thought the baby was not capable of any response58.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A) A new infant can see only blurry shadows.B) A new infant, s senses are undevelopedC)All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.D) A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment59.What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty” probably mean?A)The newborn is greedy for new food.B)The newborn tends to overeat.C)The newborn always loves things that are new to him.D)The newborn, s appetite is a constant topic in novels.60.According to the passage, it' s groundless to think that newborns prefer.A) a human face to a head-shaped outlineB)animate things to inanimate onesC)human voice to non-human soundsD)nourishment to a warm bassinet61.What is the passage mainly discussing about?A)What people know about newborns.B)How wrong parents are when they handle their babies.C)How much newborns have progressed in about a decade' s time.D)Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. Using mobile office and WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime, can send and receive data via terminals such as mobile phone, and palm computer, and can surf the Internet.When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine?0f course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do?Maybe you have to say “sorry” to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office “move” with you. With the development of communications technology, mobile officehas become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobilephone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has alreadybeen put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will realize the dream of completelyfree communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答62.According to the passage, mobile office help you with the following except .A)keeping update with the latest newsB)checking e-mails any time one wantsC)conducting internet surfingD)finding one' s true love in life63.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?A)You would lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work.B)You should read and reply faxes and e-mail timely.C)When you leave your office your business routine might be damaged.D)When you cannot meet the need of your clients you should immediately say sorry.64.When you let your office "move" with you, you .A)will never let your clients downB)you don' t have to stay at office anymoreC)you then find the best way to handle your business anywhere anytimeD)you no longer face the dilemma between work and life65.It can be inferred from the passage that .A)mobile office communication is very cost-consumingB)with the development of science, mobile office has eventually cometo our lifeC)people had no convenient and reliable communications and officefaculty beforeD)economic factors are essential in the operation of mobile office66.According to the author, mobile office .A)would help achieve complete communication mobilityB)is too expensive to afford by small companiesC)has some fatal defects impossible to modifyD)is too complicated to operate in everyday businessPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work, they have to read all kinds of materials. In _67_a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend _68_can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _69_readers.Most of us develop poor reading _70_at an early age, and never get over them.The main deficiency _71_in the actual component of language itself-words. Take individually, words have _72_meaning until they are put together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs._73_, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words.He laboriously reads one word at a time, often turning back to _74_words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over _75_you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which _76_down the speed of reading is vocalization-sounding each word wither orally or mentally when a _77_reads.To overcome these bad habits some reading clinics use a device called an _78_, which moves a bar (or a curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate _79_the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, _80_word-by-word reading, regression and vocalization, practically impossible.At first _81_is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, _82_your comprehension will improve.Many people, business managers, executives and engineers, have found _83_reading skill improved dramatically after some training, _84_John Muir, a business manager, for instance, his readingrate was a reasonably good 182 words a minute _85_the training, now it is an excellent 1, 378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can _86_a lot more reading.67 . A) applying B) doingC) offering D) getting68.A) quickly B) easilyC) roughly D) decidedly69 . A) goodB)curious C) poor D) urgent70.A) training B) habits C) situations D) custom 71.A) lies B) combinesC) touches D) involves72 . A) someB)a lotC) little D) dull73 . A) Fortunately B) In factC) UnfortunatelyLogically74. A) reuse B) rereadC) rewrite D) recite75. A) what B) whichC) that D) if76. A) scales B) cutsC) slows D) measures77. A) someone B) oneC) he D) reader78. A) accelerator B)actorC)amplifier D) observer79. A) then B) asC) beyond D) than80.A) enabling B) leadingC) making D) indicating81.A) comprehension B) meaningC) gift D) content82.A) but B) norC) or D) for83.A) our B) yourC) their D) such a84.A) Look at B) TakeC) Make D) Consider85.A) for B) inC) after D) before86.A) master B) go overC) present D) get throughPart VI Translation (5 minutes)1. B2. D3. D4. D5. C6. 8. the challenges ofmarried life Part 3 (11-15) Section (26-30) Section B 7. D 9. a formal suit marriage promise 听力 Section A CACBD B BDCAD C (16-20) ACDAC(31-35)BCADC(21-25) BBBCA (36) damageintelligence(40) causedisease can costearnings (38) (37) underdeveloped (39) nourished (41) breast (43) lack developing nations up to three (42) of their yearlyDirections: Complete the sentence on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Part IDirections: In this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled Should We Study in Libraries or on the Internet. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below..1. 有人认为在图书馆学习好处多；2. 有人认为通过网络学习好处 多；3. 你的观点。
大学英语四级模拟卷一
⼤学英语四级模拟卷⼀⼤学英语四级模拟卷⼀Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a college association that influences you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listen ComprehensionSection AQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A. The growth of new teeth. C. A natural process of tooth repair.B. The decay of bad teeth. D. A medical effect on tooth repair.2. A) Early-stage cavities. B. Late-stage cavities. C. A headache. D. A stomachache. Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news items.3. A. The UK Open badminton tournament. C. The US Open badminton tournament.B. The UK Open tennis tournament. D. The US Open tennis tournament.4. A. Thirty-three players. B. Three players. C. Twenty-two players. D. Twenty-four players. Question 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.5. A. The ocean. B. The forest. C. The grassland. D. The farmland.6. A. To make the ocean cleaner. C. To make fishing more sustainable.B. To make the fishermen richer. D. To make fishing more competitive.7. A. The weather gets worse than before. C. Many fishermen switch to other business.B. There are more mechanical problems with boats. D. Many fishermen lose their business.Section BConversation One Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A. Close friends who talk about almost everything. C. Colleagues working in the same office.B. Dating service agent and customer. D. Interviewer and interviewee in a survey.9. A. Men who like donkeys. C. Men who have a sense of humor.B. Men who love to laugh loudly. D. Men who are emotional.10. A. Books and cooking. B. Books and movies. C. Movies and cleaning. D. Politics and exercising.11. A. The man invites her out to have dinner. C. They go out to enjoy a jazz concert.B. The man comes to have dinner at her home. D. They have a good conversation over coffee. Conversation Two Questions12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. It’s the easiest way to communicate with other users over network.B. It’s printed on every card for people to exchange with others.C. Everybody is talking about it nowadays.D. If a person doesn’t have one, he will be out of time.13. A. It cannot contain any commercial information.B. It may not be of a high level of security.C. One can only use the free e-mail account at home.D. It is difficult to get access to the website with such service.14. A. A specific program for e-mail. C. IE and Windows.B. It may not be of a high level of security. D. Additional software.15. A. Print an e-mail address on her card. C. Pay the ISP for an e-mail account.B. Check her hardware and software. D. Try to get a free e-mail account.Section CPassage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. In 1604. B. Around 1700. C. In 1750. D. In 1755.17. A. Robert Cawdrey. B. John Kersey. C. Samuel Johnson. D. Daniel Webster.18. A. It has a complete list of difficult words. C. It is a 20-volume work.B. It has sentences includes as examples. D. It includes the presentation of word histories. Passage Two Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. About 7 000. B. About 70 000. C. About 4 million. D. About 40 million.20. A. American doctors would pay the medical bills. C. The patients should pay for the doctors service.B. American doctors are paid by the government. D. The government would pay for the medical bills.21. A. Health insurance plans, government help and individual payment.B. The federal government of the US.C. The wise investment of their money.D. The companies they work for.22. A. Only individuals pay for their health insurance.B. Health insurance can greatly lower the cost of individuals.C. Health insurance covers everything on the bills.D. There is no time limit for health insurance.Passage Three Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A. She worked in a clothing shop not far from home.B. She did experiments in a lab not far from her home.C. She stayed at home and designed clothes.D. She became a partner of an old lady.24. A. After she designed the clothes women wanted. C. After her former boss of the shop retired.B. When her former boss of the shop died. D. Soon after she worked in the shop.25. A. Cheap hotels were not comfortable. C. She wanted to show her wealth.B. She was wearing good clothes. D. The best hotels could bring more customers.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection A Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Thanks giving is America’s national holiday for giving thanks to God. Thanksgiving Day has s special 26 for Americans because it is traced back to that group of people who were among the first to come to the New World in search of freedom.In 1620, 102 sea weary(疲倦的) Pilgrims landed on the peninsula of Cape Cod. Their ship, the Mayflower, had 27 to go to Virginia, but it made its landfall far to the north. After some weeks of 28 they decided not to make the trip to Virginia but to remain where they were. But when they stepped ashore in this 29 alien world, they were totally isolated from any outside 30 and knew no means of livelihood. And the greater trouble is that in the woods live Indians, some of whom were 31 . This added to the hardship of daily life. But the vast 32 of forests gave them a hope. In this way, the nation’s forefathers not only 33 the first severe winter, but also saw the first harvest of crops in the next autumn. Their Indian friends were also invited to join their festival.This story is told every year to young children in schools as Thanksgiving Day (the fourth Thursday of November) 34 . Today, in US Thanksgiving Day is celebrated by many Americas whose roots do not stem from Britain. Now it is marked by families gathering together to enjoy a 35 dinner for roast turkey, and to tell the things for which they are thankful.Section BWireless Health CareA.Is it possible that among all the advertisements about Apple’s iPad, one potential use has beenoverlooked? Larry Nathanson, head of emergency-medicine “informatics”at one of Harvard Medical School’s hospitals, has experimented with using the device in the patients’ rooms. He writes that “initial tests with our clinical applications went amazingly well...the EKG s (⼼电图) look better on screen than on paper. It was great having all of the clinical information right at the bedside to discuss with the patient.”B.Dr. Nathanson’s enthusiasm hints at the potential of wireless instruments to improve health care, and toensure more personalized treatment in particular. Experts have long predicted that advances in genetics will bring in a golden age of individually tailored therapies. But in fact it is much lower-tech wireless devices and Internet-based health software that are speeding up the mass personalization of health care, and creating entirely new business models in the process.C.Wireless health is “becoming universal”in hospitals, according to Kalorama Information, amarket-research firm. It estimates that the market for such devices and services in America alone will grow from $2.7 billion in 2007 to $9.6 billion in 2012. Don Jones of Qualcomm, a maker of networking technology, argues that the trend speeds diagnosis and tr eatment, and saves doctors’ and nurses’ time. GE, an industrial giant, and Sprint, an American mobile operator, have joined forces to offer hospitals such services. GE’s software allows the secure monitoring of patients’ health via mobile phones, as does rival software from Airstrip.D.Doctors are an obvious early target for wireless health. A forthcoming report by the California HealthCare Foundation (CHCF), a think tank, estimates that two-thirds of American physicians already have smart-phones. Over one-third of American doctors use Epocrates, a program for mobiles and laptops which offers instant information on drug-to-drug interactions, treatment recommendations and so on.The software will soon be able to access electronic health records (EHRs) via mobiles—which the author of the CHCF’s report thinks could be “the killer application” of wireless health.E.The hope is that nimble new technologies, from smart-phones to EHRs to health-monitoring devices,will give more power to patients and doctors, and thus improve outcomes while cutting costs. The popularization of mobile phones is the chief reason to think this optimistic thought may come true.Patients with smart-phones can certainly benefit from interactive “wellness” applications that track diet, exercise and important signs.F.But Carolyn Buck-Luce of Ernst & Young, a consultancy, points out that “Mobile Health”istransforming health care in poor countries as well as rich ones. Medical Home, a Mexican team that provides medicalconsultations by mobile, already has millions of customers. Paul Meyer of V oxiva, anAmerican technology firm that has set up Mobile Health systems in Rwanda and Peru, among other places, says that such schemes have been so successful in the developing world that they are now being adopted in the rich world, too. His firm has helped the American government with its recent launch of “Information Baby”, a public-health movement to educate pregnant mothers (they receive free text messages with medical advice) that will soon become the biggest such effort in the world.G.What is more, mobile phones are but one part of a broader wireless trend in health care that McKinsey, a consultancy, estimates may soon be worth up to $60 billion globally. Many companies are coming up with “homehealth”devices based on the wireless technology. Some are obviously used in clinical.Medtronic, a devices giant, is developing a bedside monitor that wirelessly tracks the blood sugar levels in diabetic children sleeping nearby. GE has come up with “body sensor networks”, tiny wireless devices that track the vital signs of those who wear them.H.The most successful devices may be, as Eric Dishman of Intel puts it, “secret”. His firm, a big chipmaker,is investing in devices to track the health of the elderly, such as “magic carpets” that sense erratic (不稳定的) movements and thus can predict a fall. Continua, an industry group, is developing shared standards so that blood-pressure monitors and scales can wirelessly trans fer readings to doctors’ offices or personal EHR services like Google Health.I.All these devices and services do not just allow doctors to make more accurate diagnoses, prescribe moreeffective treatments and keep better track of patients’ conditions. They also allow health services to tailor treatments depending on patients’ personal preferences and behavioral shortcomings. Studies show, for example, that although some patients with long-standing diseases are not caring about taking pills properly, others are careless or forgetful. Some prefer efficient electronic reminders, whereas others respond best when a nurse calls home. A global consumer survey released on April 6th by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), a consultant company, finds that the elderly prefer high-quality care with lots of personal attention, whereas younger types prefer low-cost care and health schemes.J.Many health systems, PWC’s report finds, are beginning to divide customers into different categories to arrange treatments accordingly. For example, Discovery Health, a South African insurer, uses a variety of different methods to get patients with diseases to follow through on their treatments, from text messages reminding them to take their pills to rewards for good behavior.K. A similar scheme run by Health Media, a health firm owned by Johnson & Johnson, a big drugs firm, uses online tools (it calls them “digital health coaches”) to help patients manage diabetes and lose weight.Its studies suggest that half of the digitally directed people do lose weight. And the improved health of those with chronic conditions is worth $1000 a year to their employers. Virgin Health Miles, an American rival, has taken the same idea a step further, using online social networks, through which co-workers or family members can cheer on or remind patients electronically, in order to encourage exercise or weight loss. Patients seem to like this kind of thing: one patient who suffers from heart disease, for example, has created a forum for fellow sufferers that can be accessed through an iPhone application. L.All these measures are particularly promising because they help bring about behavioral change, normally the hardest element of any treatment. Patients often ignore doctors’ lectures, but are more inclined to listen to supportive friends and family. By the same token, doctors and nurses are not always on hand to encourage healthy behavior, but mobile phones and other wireless gadgets can be. That is something that even personalized genetic therapies could not offer.36. According to PWC, the elderly prefer high-quality care while the young prefer low-cost care.37. Patients often ignore doctors’ lecture, but are more likely to follow the advice of supportive friends andfamily.38. The main aim of “magic carpets” is to predict when the elderly will fall.39. According to PWC’s report, many health systems are starting to divide customers into different categoriesso that they can arrange treatments accordingly.40. People believe nimble new technologies will help patients and doctors greatly because mobile phones arewidely used.41. According to Don Jones, the wide use of wireless health devices in hospitals quickens diagnosis andtreatment.42. According to Larry Nathanson, iPad can be used in clinical applications.43. At the beginning, wireless health aims at doctors in the hospital.44. The scheme run by Health Media suggests that half of the people who use its online tools do lose weight.45. The lower-tech wireless devices and Internet-based health software promote the mass personalization ofhealth care.Section CPassage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Academic qualification’s value in the workplace is a big issue for students, policymakers and taxpayers, especially as the rising numbers of students in higher education make them less distinctive. In the latest annual report on education by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), a rich-country think-tank, the answer is clear: the pay-off from tertiary education(⾼等教育) is still good, both for the individual and the economy. Most graduates take jobs fitting their qualifications, earn more than non-graduates, and thus tend to pay more in taxes.The workforce is smartening up. In the OECD 35% of the 25- to 34-year-old workforce has completed tertiary education, compared with 20% of the cohort approaching retirement. Countries such as Japan and South Korea have invested so heavily in educating their young that more than half now hold post-school qualifications. Norway, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands are close behind. Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s chief of education research, reckons that these countries may well become more competitive as a result.The OECD’s compendium (概要) also shows that graduate jobs fared better during the global recession. Data show those who had completed tertiary education were more likely to be employed, and less likely to be unemployed in 2008. Earnings data are from the middle of the decade, so it is not yet clear how the downturn has hit graduate pay.The “education is good” mantra does not work everywhere. In some countries many students have to be content with the intellectual rewards of study. In Spain, for example, 44% of college- and university-educated youngsters are working in low-skill jobs. America, Canada and Britain also have high shares of graduates working in jobs for which they are overqualified. In lucky Luxembourg hardly any graduates end up in menial jobs.Salaries vary sharply too. Poland has fewer graduates in non-graduate jobs than America, but the gross earnings of 25- to 34-year-olds with tertiary qualifications in that country is $11,800 compared with $56,200 in the land of the free. Hardly surprising therefore that Polish graduates hanker after jobs in America and that American companies like investing in places such as Poland and Hungary, where they can hire highly qualified labour for far less money than at home.46. Why does academic qualifications’ value become an important issue?A. People can find a good job without a good qualification.B. More and more access to colleges and universities.C. An increasing number of students lose their own characteristic.D. Most graduates can find good jobs and pay much more in taxes.47. Why does the author say the workforce is smartening up?A. There are many old people approaching retirement.B. A lot of money is put on the basic education.C. Some countries are very competitive in education.D. More people have finished higher education.48. What is unclear in the third higher education?A. Whether the earning data are accurate. C. How graduate pay has been affected.B. How graduates look for jobs. D. Whether more graduates lose their jobs.49. Why does not the “education is good” mantra work everywhere?A. In some countries some graduates often lose their jobs.B. In some countries some graduates cannot find suitable jobs.C. In some countries some graduates are underqualified.D. In some countries some graduates can be highly paid.50. What is hardly surprising according to the author?A. Graduates in Poland earn more money than those in America.B. Graduates from Poland would like to look for a job in America.C. Graduates in Poland are more qualified than those in America.D. Graduates from Poland always do the low-skilled jobs in America.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The two economists call their paper “Mental Retirement,” and their argument has aroused the interest of behavioral researchers. Data from the United States, England and 11 other European countries suggest that the earlier people retire, the more quickly their memories decline.“It’s incredibly interesting and exciting,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Center on Longevity at Stanford University. “It suggests work actually provides an important component of the environment that keeps people functioning optimally (最佳地).”While not everyone is convinced by the new analysis, published recently in T he Journal of Economic Perspectives, a number of leading researchers say the study is, at least, a bit of evidence for a hypothesis that is widely believed but surprisingly difficult to demonstrate.Researchers repeatedly find that retired people as a group tend to do less well on cognitive (认知的) tests than people who are still working. But, they note, that could be because people whose memories and thinking skills are declining may be more likely to retire than people whose cognitive skills remain sharp.And research has failed to support the premise that mastering activities like memory exercises, crossword puzzles and games like Sudoku carry over into real life, improve overall functioning.“If you do crossword puzzles, you get better at crossword puzzles,” said Lisa Berkman, director of the Center for Population and Development Studies at Harvard University. “If you do Sudoku, you get better at Sudoku. You get better at one narrow task. But you don’t get better at cognitive behavior in life.”The study was possible, explains one of its authors, Robert Willis, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, because the National Institute on Aging began a large study in the United Statesnearly 20 years ago. Called the Health and Retirement Study, it surveys more than 22,000 Americans over age 50 every two years, and administers memory tests.51. According to the data from America and some European countries, retired people ___________.A. have aroused the interest of many psychologistsB. are more forgetful than they were at workC. don’t have a functioning mind any moreD. can have much better cognitive skills52. In Laura L. Carstensen’s opinion, what is the relationship between work and mental function?A. Work has nothing to do with people’s mental function.B. Work has a positive effect on people’s mental function.C. People’s mental function decreases gradually after work.D. People’s mental function has no influence on people’s work.53. Lisa Berkman claimed that Sudoku could ____________.A. improve man’s overall functioning greatly C. help develop man’s cognitive skillsB. make people good at this narrow task D. help people live much longer54. What can we learn about the Health and Retirement Study?A. It has been carried out for about 20 years.B. It surveys Americans under the age of 50.C. It is led by Robert Willis in the National Institute.D. It gets support from the University of Michigan.55. According to the passage, what does “mental Retirement mean”?A. People are reluctant to retire at an early age.B. People have to retire earlier than expected.C. People’s mental functions will decline even though they are still working.D. People’s memories and reasoning abilities decline if they are not working.Part IV Translation⾃驾游(self-driving tour)属于⾃助旅游的⼀种，是近年来我国新兴的旅游⽅式。
四级--B答案
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷（一）听力文字稿、答案与精解听力文字稿Section A１１畅W：Did you visit the television tower when you had your vacation in Shanghai last summer？M：I couldn’t make it last June，but I finally visited it two months later．I plan to visit it again sometime next year．Q：What do we learn from the man？１２畅W：Thank heavens it’s Friday．Are you doing anything special this weekend？M：Good question．To tell you the truth，my brother might be coming over and so everything is up in the air right now．Q：What does the man mean？１３畅M：Hey，you should be doing your art class now．Why are you here？W：I realized I have no talent for drawing．Drama is a better alternative than those brushes．Q：What does the woman mean？１４畅W：It’s really cold outside．You’d better wear a pair of gloves to keep your hands warm．M：That’s a good idea．If only I had one with me．Q：What can be inferred about the man？１５畅M：I’ve been trying every bookstore in town for a copy of the chemistry textbook．The school’s bookstore ran out for quite some time．W：Have you tried the one near the Sam’s？I heard they still have a few copies left．Q：What does the woman suggest the man to do？１６畅W：Let’s go and watch the match in the TV room．It’s the final and I can’t miss it．M：I have two tickets．Wouldn’t it be better to watch it live？Q：What does the man suggest？１７畅M：I can’t talk for long．I’d better get my paper printed if I still have time．W：Why do you always wait till the last minute？Q：What does the woman mean？１８畅W：Professor Johnston has been very busy this month．I’ve heard that he stays up very late every night．M：If I had known this I wouldn’t have troubled him so much．Q：What do we learn from the conversation？Now you’ll hear two long conversations．Conversation OneW：No luck then，John？M：I’m afraid not，ma’am．Not yet，anyhow．We’re still checking on stolen cars．W：Mm．M：Where do you think he’ll head for，ma’am？W：Well，he definitely won’t try to leave the country yet．He may try to get a passport，and he’ll certainly need clothes and money．He’ll probably get in touch with Cornfield for those，so I ex-pect he’ll make for Birmingham．M：Right．I’ll put some men on the house．W：Yes，do that．Mind you，I doubt if he’ll show up there in person．Hammond’s no fool，you know．I should think he’ll probably use a telephone．M：What about his wife？W：Mm．I shouldn’t think he’ll go anywhere near her—though he might get her to join him after he’s left the country．And when he does leave，he probably won’t use a major airport，either．So you’d better notify the coastguard，and keep an eye on the private airfields．M：Right，ma’am．I’d better get his description circulated．W：Yes．He may change his appearance，of course．And John—be careful．He could be armed．And if I know Hammond，he certainly won’t give himself up without a fight．Questions19to22are based on the conversation you have just heard．１９畅According to the woman，where might the wanted person first go？２０畅How will the wanted man probably get in touch with Cornfield according to the women？２１畅What will the wanted man deal with his wife？２２畅According to the police，how will the wanted man try to leave the country？Conversation TwoM：Hey，Jane．What’s so interesting？W：What？Oh，hi，Tom．I’m reading this fascinating article on the societies of the Ice Age．M：The Ice Age？There weren’t any societies then，just groups of cave people．W：That’s what people used to think．But a new exhibition at the American Museum of National His-tory shows that Ice Age people were surprisingly advanced．M：Oh，really？In what way？W：Well，Ice Age people were the inventors of languages，art and music as we know it．And they didn’t live in caves．They built their own shelters．M：What did they use to build them？The cold weather would have killed almost all of the trees，so they couldn’t have used wood．W：In some warmer climates，they did build houses of wood．In other places，they used animal bones and skins or lived in natural stone shelters．M：How did they stay warm？Animal skin walls don’t sound very sturdy．W：Well，it says here，that in the early Ice Age，they often faced their homes towards the south to take advantage of the sun．M：Hey，that’s pretty smart！I guess I spoke too soon．Can I read that magazine article after you’re done？W：No problem．Questions23to25are based on the conversation you have just heard．２３畅What did the man originally think of the people of the Ice Age？２４畅How did people in the early Ice Age keep warm？２５畅What does the man want the woman to do？Section BPassage OneThe United States of America is a country made up of different races．The original Americans were the Indians．The so-called white men who then reached the new continent were mostly from England．But many came from other countries like France and Germany．One problem in America is discrimination．When newcomers came to the U畅S畅A畅，they found they were discriminated against，first the Irish and Italians，later the blacks．At last almost every group could escape this discrimination except the blacks．Believe it or not，the worst discrimination today is towards the Indians．One reason why the Indians are discriminated against is that they have tried to keep their identity．But they are not the only people who have done so．The Chinese have Chinatown in New York and the Japanese have their Little Tokyo in L畅A畅and the Dutch have their enclosed settlement in Pennsylvania．The Dutch live separately for religious reasons rather than keeping together for their identity．All races helped make the United States a great country．Many people still come from other coun-tries to help America grow．A good example is the American project that let a man walk on the moon．It was a German scientist who was most responsible for doing that．It is certain that in the future the U畅S畅A畅will still need the help of people from different races to remain a great country．Questions26to28are based on the passage you have just heard．２６畅Where did most of the first white people in the U畅S畅A畅come from？２７畅Which group of Americans is discriminated against the most？２８畅Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？Passage TwoThe traditional procedure of taking attendance at the start of the lesson may help a new teacher create a sense of routine and structure，but it isn’t the best way to start the class．New teachers need to develop classroom procedures for how and when to take attendance，as this is an important part of classroom organization．Taking attendance after the teacher has provided some input and the students are ready to start the activity can be much more effective．Since students have already connected with the academic fo-cus of your lesson plan，they won’t be distracted when you do take attendance．Teachers do not necessarily need to call out their names．Just a simple head check should take you only a few mi-nutes．Teachers should ideally get to know the students’names quickly in order to build a positive and direct relationship．Ice breaker activities during the first few days of school help to get to know the students’names．This can be very helpful to a new teacher，especially when there are more than two identical names or similarly sounding names．Teachers can use name cards as a means for taking attendance in addition to also getting to know the names of students．As they walk around the classroom，teachers can simply spot check the students’names as they appear in the boxes or on the seats．An organizational tip for taking attend-ance using name cards includes arranging the names in your students’name list as they appear in rows．This makes it easier when it comes to checking off the names in your classroom attendancebook．Questions29to31are based on the passage you have just heard．２９畅Who are the target audience of this passage？３０畅Why is it suggested that a teacher know the students’names quickly？３１畅What’s the purpose of arranging students’names in the name list as they appear in rows？Passage ThreeMuseums have changed．They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days．Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now．At a science museum in Ontario，Canada，you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless elec-tricity passes through your body．At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City，you can look at１７th century instruments while listening to their music．As these examples show，museums are reaching out to new audiences，particularly the young，the poor and the less educated members of the population．As a result，attendance is increasing．More and more，museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing．The visitor is encouraged to touch，listen，operate，and exper-iment so as to discover scientific principles for himself．He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer．He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making．The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science．The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it，and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage．Many museums now provide educational services and children’s departments．In addition to the usual displays，they also offer film showings and dance programs．Instead of being places that one“should”visit，they are places to enjoy．Questions32to35are based on the passage you have just heard．３２畅In what way have museums changed？３３畅What’s the result of the changes？３４畅What’s the purpose of encouraging visitors to participate in various experiments and operations？３５畅What do some museums provide besides educational services and children’s departments？Section CFrom the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age．A large number of once（３６）fatal illnesses can now be（３７）cured by modern drugs and surgery．It is almost certain that one daydies will be found for the most（３８）stubborn remaining diseases．The life（３９）span on average has increased（４０）enormously．But of living a longer life is ever before，every day we（４１）witness the incredible slaughter on the roads．Man versus the motor-car！It is a nev-er-ending battle is（４２）losing．It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering-wheel，his car becomes the （４３）extension of his personality．There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s worst qualities．（４４）All their hidden frustrations，disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by driving．a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life．（４５）The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is．Present drinking and drivingshould be imposed on allroads．Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers．These measures may sound harsh．（４６）But surely nothing should be considered too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life．After all，the world is for human beings，not motor-cars．答案与精解PartⅠ Writing【高分范文】As it dominates the headlines，the international financial crisis has prevailed on the entire globe．Therefore，many people begin to panic in the face of this once-in-a-hundred-year financial disturbance．But in fact，there are ways to take advantage of the economic downturn．For example，the crisis has caused a sharp reduction in the demands of its overseas markets，forcing China to change its growth pattern and actively develop the domestic market．In addition，it also forces China to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese industries through independent innovation．In this sense，the crisis is contributive to the acceleration of China’s economic restructuring．Besides，as the U畅S．and the EU are trying hard to urge China to play a role in solving the crisis，it is a good opportunity for China to be aware of，participate in and speak on international financial rules．In my opinion，the crisis can yield both challenges and opportunities．The point is we rise to challenges calmly and seize opportunities in time．【评析】本文要求分析全球经济危机对中国的影响，并提出作者自己的看法。
大学英语四级考试模拟题 (附答案)
大学英语模拟真题Test 2第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Why not go and have dinner in the restaurant?—_________ It’s too expensive.A. Why not.B. I agree .C. I’m afraid not.D. I’m sure.2. —Mike,I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow.—Oh,really? _________A. Good luck.B. Great.C. Have a good time.D. Congratulations!3. —Please help yourself to the fish.—_________A. Thanks,but I don’t like the fish.B. Sorr y,I can’t help.C. Well,fish don’t suit me.D. No,I can’t.4. —_________—He teaches physics in a school.A. What does your father want to do?B. Who is your father?C. What is your father?D. Where is your father now?5. —Excuse me, how much is the jacket?—It’s 499 Yuan. _________A. Oh, no. Tha t’s OK!B. How do you like it?C. Which do you prefer?D. Would you like to try it on?第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分）此部分共有2篇短文，在第一篇短文后有5个正误判断题，从每题后的两个选项中选出正确答案；在第二篇短文后有5个问题。
大学英语四级考试模拟题一答案
大学英语四级模拟试卷 1 参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Aid Education in ChinaEach year, college students, encouraged to aid students in the poverty—stricken areas, volunteer themselves in poor villages for a year and try to improve education in poor areas.Aid—education has been beneficial in two aspects. On the one hand, college volunteers are really devoted to the cause. They have opened the eyes of students in underdeveloped regions to the outside world by bringing them new knowledge and thoughts. As a result, they are extremely well—received by the children there. On the other hand, college students have received a rigorous training by adapting to the harsh living conditions. They are enjoying the appreciation and no—distance friendship from the children. What’s more, they are greatly inspired by the moving and tireless spirit of the children.In my opinion, China’s educational development can’t be isolated from each individual and we college students should take the lead in response to the appeal for offering aid to children in poor areas.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)1. N2. N3. Y4. Y5. NG6. NG7. Y8. 95%9. 10-20 beats10. chemical messengersPart III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A11.C 12.D 13. B 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.D 18 .A 19.D 20.B 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.A 25.DSection B26. D 27. A 28.B 29. A 30. C31. B 32.C 33. B 34. D 35. ASection C36. quality 37. investigated 38. value 39. familiar 40. recommend 41.available 42. perhaps 43. additional 44. Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use. 45. Similarly, it is smaller thanmost of its competitors, thus fitting easily into a pocket or a handbag. 46. The only problem was slight awkwardness in loading the film.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A47. J 48. H 49. I 50. A 51. F52. G 53. N 54. D 55. C 56. MSection BPassage One 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. A 61. APassage Two 62. C 63. A64. D 65. B 66. CPart V Cloze (15 minutes)67．D 68．A 69．D 70．A 71．C72．C 73．B 74．C 75．A 76．B77．A 78．D 79．C 80．D 81．A82．A 83．A 84．B 85．C 86．CPart VI Translation (5 minutes)1. mainly due to stress and tension in their work2. have been lifted out of poverty3. All the board members except the Chairman4. providing new growth opportunities for China's foreign and domestic trade5. This is especially true of developed countries。
大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案
大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。
2. 需要花时间去选择职业。
3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。
Choosing an OccupationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the nextcentury.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. Hefears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “t here will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The SourceWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 millionpeople a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What’s the Solution?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink?［A］The rivers flowing into it have been diverted.［B］Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland.［C］Government planners over-pumped its water.［D］High temperature made its water badly evaporate.2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects .［A］does more good than harm［B］solves more problems than what they created［C］does more harm than good［D］brings more water to people than expected3.The chief causes of water shortage include .［A］population growth and water waste［B］water pollution and dry weather［C］water waste and pollution［D］population growth and water pollution4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages?［A］living in rich areas［B］living in big cities but poor condition［C］depending on groundwater［D］bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries?［A］Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers.［B］Raw sewage into rivers and streams.［C］Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers.［D］Household cleaners poured down the drain.6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water?［A］By covering the whole surface of the water.［B］By competitively using oxygen life in water needs.［C］By living more rapidly than other life in water .［D］By releasing hazardous chemicals into water.7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems?［A］government and housewives.［B］farmers and manufacturers.［C］ordinary people and manufacturers.［D］government and every person.8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.［A］Wait for the sale to start.［B］Get further information about the sale.［C］Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.［D］Buy a new suit.12.［A］He doesn’t think that John is ill.［B］He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.［C］He is aware that John is ill.［D］He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13.［A］Before six.［B］At six.［C］After six.［D］After seven.14.［A］It is bigger.［B］It has a prettier color.［C］It has a larger yard.［D］It is brighter.15.［A］Australian and American.［B］Guest and host.［C］Husband and wife.［D］Professor and student.16.［A］1∶30.［B］11∶00.［C］9∶30.［D］10∶00.17.［A］He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late. ［B］He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel.［C］He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.［D］He prefers traveling with the woman.18.［A］He thinks she should visit her cousin. ［B］Her cousin doesn’t visit very often.［C］Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.［D］He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.［A］Two different types of bones in the human body.［B］How bones help the body move.［C］How bones continuously repair themselves.［D］The chemical composition of human bones.20.［A］They defend the bone against viruses.［B］They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.［C］They break down bone tissue.［D］They connect the bone to muscle tissue.21.［A］They have difficulty identifying these cells.［B］They aren’t sure how these cells work.［C］They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells.［D］They’ve found similar cells in other species.22.［A］To learn how to prevent a bone disease.［B］To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.［C］To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.［D］To create artificial bone tissue.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］A new fuel for buses.［B］The causes of air pollution.［C］A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.［D］Careers in environmental engineering.24.［A］Her car is being repaired. ［B］She wants to help reduce pollution.［C］Parking is difficult in the city.［D］The cost of fuel has increased.25.［A］A fuel that burns cleanly.［B］An oil additive that helps cool engines.［C］A material from which filters are made.［D］An insulating material sprayed on engine partsSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.［A］From three to five months.［B］Three months. ［C］Five months.［D］Four months.27.［A］Watch traffic.［B］Obey commands.［C］Cross streets safely.［D］Guard the door.28.［A］Three weeks. ［B］Two weeks. ［C］Four weeks. ［D］Five weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.［A］Two to four times.［B］Four to six times.［C］Four to eight times.［D］Six to ten times.30.［A］Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.［B］People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.［C］People became angry easily because they didn’t take sleeping pills.［D］Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.31.［A］People dream so as to sleep better.［B］People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.［C］Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.［D］Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.［A］A sales representative.［B］A store manager.［C］A committee chairperson.［D］A class president.33.［A］To determine who will graduate this year.［B］To discuss the seating arrangement.［C］To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.［D］To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.34.［A］Their names, phone numbers and job preference.［B］The names and addresses of their guests.［C］The names of the committee they worked on last year.［D］Their dormitory name, address and phone number.35.［A］In an hour.［B］Next week.［C］In one month.［D］Next year.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the English (36)system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38)or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40)if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41) schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42)for the Ordinary (43)of the General Certificate of Education. (44). Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45). Evenat the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46).Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking placeswere51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car drivingcustomers52 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls,53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54areas to outlying malls. And the growing55of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.［A］designed ［F］convenience ［K］cosmetics［B］take ［G］services ［L］started［C］heart ［H］fame ［M］downtown［D］needed ［I］various ［N］available ［C］though ［H］popularity ［M］cheapnessSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalizationis a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptanceor rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness. Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?［A］All international managers can learn culture.［B］Business diversity is not necessary.［C］Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.［D］Most people do not know foreign culture well.58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.［A］is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around ［B］is different from the model of McDonald’s［C］shows the reverse of globalization［D］has converged cultural differences59.The two schools of thought.［A］both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures［B］both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries ［C］admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world［D］both A and B60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.［A］who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity［B］who have connections to more than one type of culture［C］who want to travel abroad［D］who want to run business on International Scale61.According to Fortune, successful international companies.［A］earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas［B］all have the quality of patience［C］will follow the overseas local cultures［D］adopt the policy of internationalizationPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or brings the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speedof the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chorus and responses.62.The passage is mainly concerned with .［A］the different tastes of people for sports［B］the different characteristics of sports［C］the attraction of football［D］the attraction of baseball63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that. ［A］it is only to the taste of the old［B］it involves fewer players than football［C］it is not exciting enough［D］it is pretentious and looks funny64.The author admits that.［A］baseball is too peaceful for the young［B］baseball may seem boring when watched on TV［C］football is more attracting than baseball［D］baseball is more interesting than football65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence).［A］the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game［B］even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to the result［C］the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well［D］the consequence was so bad that he could not bear to see it66.We can safely conclude that the author.［A］likes football［B］hates football［C］hates baseball［D］likes baseballPart Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Who won the WorldCup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?67 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to69 the news. Newspapers have one basic70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to71 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 72inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the74and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers76 of the latest news, today’s newspapers77 and influence readers about politics and othe r important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’economic choices78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very79 . Newspapers are sold at a price that80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The82in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This83 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends84on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment85 in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper ’ s value to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.67.［A］Just when［B］While［C］Soon after［D］Before68.［A］to give［B］giving［C］given［D］being given69.［A］gather［B］spread［C］carry［D］bring70.［A］reason［B］cause［C］problem［D］purpose71.［A］make［B］publish［C］know［D］write72.［A］another［B］other［C］one another［D］the other73.［A］However［B］And［C］Therefore［D］So74.［A］value［B］ratio［C］rate［D］speed75.［A］spread［B］passed［C］printed［D］completed76.［A］inform［B］be informed［C］to informed［D］informed77.［A］entertain［B］encourage［C］educate［D］edit78.［A］on［B］through［C］with［D］of79.［A］forms［B］existence［C］contents［D］purpose80.［A］tries to cover［B］manages to cover［C］fails to cover［D］succeeds in81.［A］source ［B］origin［C］course［D］finance82.［A］way［B］means［C］chance ［D］success83.［A］measures［B］measured［C］is measured［D］was measured84.［A］somewhat ［B］little［C］much［D］something85.［A］offering［B］offered［C］which offered［D］to be offered86.［A］by ［B］with［C］at［D］aboutPart Ⅵ Translation(5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means (想找麻烦).88.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I (本来不必从银行借钱的).89.(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.90.I (将做实验) from three to five this afternoon.91.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to (诉诸武力).参考答案及解析Part I Writing【写作思路】本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。
全国大学英语四级模拟题1及答案
全国大学英语四级模拟题1及答案全国大学英语四级模拟题1及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of To Get along with Your Roommates. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 室友之间的冲突在校园里常有发生2. 冲突的主要原因3. 室友之间如何和睦相处To Get along with Your Roommate注意:此部分试题在答题卡 1 上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1.For questions 1-7,markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given inthe passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Early Childhood Education…Education To Be More? was published la st August. It was the reportof the New ZealandGovernment?s Early Childhood Care and Education Working Group. The report argued forenhanced equity (公平) of access and better funding for childcareand early childhood education institutions. Unquestionably, that?s areal need; but since parents don?t normally send children to preschoolsuntil the age of three, are we missing out on the most importantyears of all? A 13yearstudy of early childhood development at Harvard University has shown that, by the age of three, most children have the potential to understand about 1000 words – most of the language they will use in ordinary conversation for the rest oftheir lives. Furthermore, research has shown that while every child is born with a natural curiosity, it can be suppressed dramatically during the second and third years of life. Researchers claim that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life, and during the first three years children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school. Once over the age of three, children continue to expand on existing knowledge of the world.It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgroundstend to do less well in our education system. That?s observed notjust in New Zealand, but also inAustralia, Britain and America. In an attempt to overcome that educational underachievement, anationwide program called …Headstart? was launched in the United States in 1965. A lot of moneywas poured into it. It took children into preschoolinstitutions at the age of three and wassupposed to help the children of poorer families succeed in school.Despite substantial funding, results have been disappointing. It is thought that there are two explanations for this. First, the program began too late. Many children who entered it at the age of three were already behind their peers in language and measurable intelligence. Second, the parents were not involved. At the end of each day, …Headstart? ch ildren returned to the same disadvantagedhome environment.As a result of the growing research evidence of the importance ofthe first three years of achild?s life and the disappointing results from …Headstart?, a pilot program was launched inMissouri in the US that focused on parents as the child?s first teachers. The …Missouri? programwas predicated on research showing that working with the family, rather than bypassing the parents, is the most effective way of helping children get off to the best possible start in life. The fouryearpilot study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and who represented a crosssectionof socioeconomicstatus, age and family configurations (结构). Theyincluded singleparentand twoparentfamilies, families in which both parents worked, andfamilies with either the mother or father at home.The program involved trained parent educators visiting the parents? home and working withthe parent, or parents, and the child. Information on child development, and guidance on things to look for and expect as the child grows were provided, plus guidance in fostering the child?s intellectual, language, social and motorskilldevelopment. Periodic checkupsof the child?s educational and sensory development (hearing and vision) were made to detect possible handicaps that interfere with growth and development. Medical problems were referred to professionals. Parenteducators made personal visits to homes and monthly group meetings were held with other new parents to share experience and discuss topics of interest. Parent resource centers, located in school buildings, offered learning materials for families and facilities for child. At the age of three, the children who had been involved in the …Missouri? program were evaluated alongside a crosssectionof children selected from the same range of socioeconomic backgrounds and family situations, and also a random sample of children that age. The results were phenomenal. By the age of three, the children in the program were significantly more advanced in language development than their peers, had made greater strides in problem solving and other intellectual skills, and were further along in social development. In fact, the average child on the program was performing at the level of the top 15to 20 per cent of their peers in such things as auditory comprehension, verbal ability and language ability.Most important of all, the traditional measures of …risk?, such as parents? age and education, orwhether they were a single parent, bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievement and language development. Children in the program performed equally well regardless of socioeconomic disadvantages. Child abuse was virtually eliminated. The one factor that wasfound to affect the child?s development was family stress leading to a poor quality of parentchildinteraction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.These research findings are exciting. There is growing evidence in New Zealand that children from poorer socioeconomicbackgrounds are arriving at school less well developed and that ourschool system tends to perpetuate (使永存) that disadvantage. The initiative outlined above couldbreak that cycle of disadvantage. The concept of working withparents in their homes, or at their place of work, contrasts quite markedly with the report of the Early Childhood Care and Education Working Group. Their focus is on getting children and mothers access to childcare and institutionalized early childhood education. Education from the age of three to five is undoubtedly vital, but without asimilar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of thefirst three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational inequity. 1. The skills learned by children at age of three will be used in all their later learning in life.2. The …Headstart? program finally succeeded in its aim.3. The …Missour? program supplied many forms of support and training to parents.4. Most …Missouri? pro gram threeyearoldsscored highly in areas such as listening, speaking,reasoning and interacting with others.5. …Missouri? program children of young, uneducated, single parents scored less highly on thetests.6. The richer families in the …Missouri? program had higher s tress levels.7. Educational inequity cannot be overcome for children fromdifferent family backgrounds. 8. The aim of …Headstart? program is to help children from poor families overcome ____________________.9. The most effective way of helping children get off to the best possible start in life is ____________________.10. The concept of working with parents in their homes contrasts quite markedly with the report of the Early Childhood Core and____________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are requested to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hitlistof our main fears: natural resources are 47 out;the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; species are becoming 48 in vast numbers, and the planet?sair and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more 49 not less so, sinc e the book …The Limits to Growth? waspublished in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per 50 of the world?s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are 51 . Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25~50%, as has so often been 52 . And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been 53 , or are transient –associated with the early stages of industrialization and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by 54 it. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes globalwarming – does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to55 a devastating (令人心神不安的) problem. A biggerproblem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and some factors seem to cause this disjunction between 56 and reality. A) pose I) starvingB) exaggerated J) headC) accelerating K) runningD) extinct L) predictedE) exist M) abundantF) perception N) conceptionG) wealthy O) reducingH) magnifiedSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements(引诱)which contribute in some way to at least oneof his goals. The kinds of inducements offeredby an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for selfrealization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy( 等级制度)w herebythe lowerorderneeds must to a large degree be satisfied before the higherorder ones come into play.One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and selfrealizationneeds discussed by Maslow,factors such as associations with others, selfrespectgained through the work, and a high interestvalue of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.57. According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by _______. A) satisfying their physiological needsB) satisfying their selfrealizationneedsC) satisfying hierarchy of their higherorderneedD) first satisfying their lowerorderneeds58. Lowerorderneeds concern a person?s _______.A) essential physical needs C) selfrealizationB) selfrespectD) working relationships with others59. Which of the following is NOT a higher need that attracts people to work? A) Association with others. C) Interest value of the work.B) Possibility of earning a good salary. D) Cultivation of selfrespect.60. Which of the following statements may be supported by Morse and Weiss? A) Physiological needs are the most basic.B) There is a hierarchy of needs that must be met.C) Economic factors are the greatest inducement.D) Personal esteem and the gaining of power is the most important factor.61. Simon points out that ________.A) the needs of individuals range from hunger to selfrealizationB) economic factors are not the only inducement for workingC) effective inducements must be based on what individuals wantD) inducements must not be too variedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The universityimparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university whichfails in this respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge.A fact is no longer a burden on the memory, it is energizing as the poet of our dreams and as the architect of our purposes.Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. It works by eliciting the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imagination. Fools act on imagination without knowledge; pedants(学究)act on knowledgewithout imagination. The task of university is to weld together imagination and experience. 62. The main theme of the passage is ____.A) the access to knowledge in universityB) the function of universitiesC) the role of imagination in our livesD) the relationship between imagination and experience63. According to the passage, the justification for a university is that ____. A) it presents facts and experience to young and oldB) it imparts knowledge to imaginative peopleC) it combines imagination with knowledge and experienceD) it enables men to construct an intellectual vision of the world64. The word “eliciting” in paragraph 2 probably means ____.A) applying C) drawing forthB) challenging D) preserving65. Which of the following is NOT discussed as one of the things imagination can do? A) It makes our life exciting and worthwhile.B) It helps us to understand the world.C) It helps us to formulate Laws about the facts.D) It provides inspiration to the artists.66. According to the author, the tragedy of the world is that ____.A) our energy of imagination cannot be preservedB) our imagination is seldom disciplinedC) we grow old inevitablyD) too many people are either fools or pedantsPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转) around the earth. An ___67___ 7% did not know which revolved around ___68___ I have no doubt that ___69___ all ofthese people were ___70___ in school that the earth revolves around the sun; ___71___ may even have written it ___72___ a test. But they never ___73___ their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) ___74___ because their everyday observations didn?t support ___75___ their teachers told them: People see the sun “moving” ___76___ the skyas morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary (静止的)___77__ that is happening.Students can learn the right answers ___78___ heart in class, andyet never combined them ___79__ their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the ___80___ personal understanding of the world can ___81___ side by side, each unaffected by the other.Outside of class, the student continues to sue the ___82___ model because it has always worked well ___83___ that circumstance. Unless professors address ___84___ errors in students?personal models of the world, students are not ___85___ to replace them with the ___86___ one. 67. A) excessive B) extra C) additional D) added68. A) what B) which C) that D) other69. A) virtually B) remarkably C) ideally D) preferably70. A) learned B) suggested C) taught D) advised71. A) those B) these C) who D) they72. A) on B) with C) under D) for73. A) formed B) altered C) believed D) thought74. A) operation B) position C) motion D) location75. A) how B) which C) that D) what76. A) around B) across C) on D) above77. A) since B) so C) while D) for78. A) to B) by C) in D) with79. A) with B) into C) to D) along80. A) adult?s B) teacher?s C) scientist?s D) student?s81. A) exist B) occur C) survive D) maintain82. A) private B) individual C) personal D) own83. A) in B) with C) on D) for84. A) general B) natural C) similar D) specific85. A) obliged B) likely C) probable D) partial86. A) perfect B) better C) reasonable D) correctPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. _____________________________( 只要每个中国人) works to his capacity in theconstruction of China?s economy, the rise of Chinese nation is round the corner.88. With a special train ticket you can___________________________________(任何国家旅行)in Europe for just over 100 pounds.89. In spite of the fact that hotel prices have risen sharply, the number of tourists _________________________ (和以前一样多).90. The hotel manager, ________________________(我向他投诉过) about the service，refunded part of our bill.91. The Tower of London,_____________________________________________ (在里面曾有许多人丧命) is now a tourist attraction.答案Part I WritingTo Get along with Your RoommateRoommate conflicts among college students are often heard on campus over recent years. Study shows that these conflicts make the excitement of campus life grow grey and have bad effects on both their living and learning.Roommate conflicts often spring from daily trivial things such as time when to turn off the light and space where to store luggage or personal belongs. When personalities don?t mix, the specifics can tear roommates apart and sometimes even lead to serious conflicts. Besides, the fact that roommates hold different attitudes towards certain issue is another factor causing these conflicts.Roommate conflicts are harmful and need to be settled. Though many people think that school discipline can soften the conflicts, I believe learning to be tolerant with each other can play a more constructive role because it teaches students flexibility and the art of compromise. Meanwhile, communication contributes to the solution to this problem since many of these conflicts stem from misunderstanding.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. Y2. N3. Y4. Y5. N6. NG7. N8. the educational underachievement9. working with the family10. Education Working GroupPart III Listening Comprehension11~15 CCDAB 16~20 ABDDA 21~25 DCCBC 26~30 DABCA 31~35 ABDCD36. laughter 37. content 38. questioned 39. research 40. adulthood41. reduced 42. astonishing 43. effects44. It speeds up the heart rate, increases blood pressure and quickens breathing 45. listened to either an informative tape, or acassette intended to relax them or no tape at all 46. those who had listened to the humorous tape could tolerate the discomfort much longer Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)47. K 48. D 49. M 50. J 51. I 52. L 53. B 54. C 55. A 56. F57~61 DACCC 62~66 BCCDDPart V Cloze67~71 CBACD 72~76 ABCDB 77~81 CBADA 82~86 CADBD Part VI Translation87. As long as every Chinese88. travel wherever /anywhere /everywhere you like89. is as great as ever90. to whom I complained91. where/in which so many people lost their lives。
大学英语四级考前模考试卷(一)附答案
四级考前模考试卷（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 目前有不少大学请明星当客座教授2. 对这一现象，人们看法不同3. 我的看法……Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Eight Things Successful People Do DifferentlyWhy have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals, but not others? If you aren’t sure, you are far from alone in your confusion. It turns out that even brilliant, highly accomplished people are pretty awful when it comes to understanding why they succeed or fail. The intuitive answer — that you are born predisposed to certain talents and lacking in others — is really just one small piece of the puzzle. In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.Get specificWhen you set yourself a goal, try to be as specific as possible. “Lose 5 pounds” is a better goal than “lose some weight”. Knowing exactly what you want to achieve keeps you motivated until you get there. Also, think about the specific actions that need to be taken to reach your goal. Just promising you’ll “eat less” or “sleep more” is too vague — be clear and precise. “I’ll be in bed by 10pm on weeknights” leaves no room for doubt about what you need to do, and whether or not you’ve actually done it.Seize the moment to act on your goalsGiven how busy most of us are, and how many goals we are juggling (同时做) at once, it’s not surprising that we routinely miss opportunities to act on a goal because we simply fail to notice them. Did you really have no time to work out today? Achieving your goal means grabbing hold of these opportunities before they slip through your fingers.To seize the moment, decide when and where you will take each action you want to take, in advance. Again, be as specific as possible. Studies show that this kind of planning will help your brain to detect and seize the opportunity when it arises, increasing your chances of success by roughly 300%.Know exactly how far you have left to goAchieving any goal also requires honest and regular monitoring of your progress — if not by others, then by you yourself. If you don’t know how well you are doing, you can’t adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your progress frequently — weekly, or even daily, depending on the goal.Be a realistic optimistWhen you are setting a goal, by all means engage in lots of positive thinking about how likely you are to achieve it. Believing in your ability to succeed is enormously helpful for creating and sustaining your motivation. But whatever you do, don’t underestimate how difficult it will be to reach your goal. Most goals worth achieving require time, planning, effort, and persistence. Studies show that thinking things will come to you easily and effortlessly leaves you ill-prepared for the journey ahead, and significantly increases the odds of failure.Focus on getting better, rather than being goodMany of us believe that our intelligence, our personality, and our physical aptitudes (才能) are fixed — that no matter what we do, we won’t improve. As a result, we focus on goals that are all about proving ourselves, rather than developing and acquiring new skills.Fortunately, decades of research suggest that the belief in fixed ability is completely wrong — abilities of all kinds are profoundly malleable (可改变的). Embracing the fact that you can change will allow you to make better choices, and reach your fullest potential. People whose goals are about getting better, rather than being good, take difficulty in stride, and appreciate the journey as much as the destination.Have grit (毅力)Studies show that gritty people obtain more education in their lifetime, and earn higher college GPAs (grade point average). Grit predicts which cadets (军校学员) will stick out their first difficult year at West Point.The good news is, if you aren’t particularly gritty now, there is something you can do about it. People who lack grit more often than not believe that they just don’t have the innate abilities successful people have — they are wrong. As I mentioned earlier, effort, planning, persistence, and good strategies are what it really takes to succeed. Embracing this knowledge will not only help you see yourself and your goals more accurately, but also do wonders for your grit.Build your willpower muscleYour self-control “muscle” is just like the other muscles in your body — when it doesn’t get much exercise, it becomes weaker over time. But when you give it regular workouts by putting it to good use, it will grow stronger and stronger, and be better able to help you successfully reach your goals.To build willpower, take on a challenge that requires you to do something you’d honestly rather not do. When you find yourself wanting to give in, give up, or just not bother — don’t. Start with just one activity, and make a plan for how you will deal with troubles when they occur (“If I have a desire for a snack, I will eat one piece of fresh fruit.”) It will be hard in the beginning, but it will get easier, and that’s the whole point. As your strength grows, you can take on more challenges and step-up your self-control workout.Focus on what you will do, not what you won’t doDo you want to successfully lose weight, quit smoking, or put a lid on your bad temper? Then plan how you will replace bad habits with good ones, rather than focusing only on the bad habits themselves. Research on thought suppression (压制) (e.g., “Don’t think about white bears!”) has shown that trying to avoid a thought makes it even more active in your mind. The same holds true when it comes to behavior — by trying not to engage in a bad habit, our habits get strengthened rather than broken.If you want to change your ways, ask yourself, ‘What will I do instead?’ For example, if you are trying to gain control of your temper and stop flying off the handle, you might make a plan like “If I am starting to feel angry, then I will take three deep breaths to calm down.” By using deep breathing as a replacement for giving in to your anger, your bad habit will get worn away over time until it disappears completely.1. Many people didn’t expect that very successful people _______.A) can succeed in difficult tasks but fail in very simple onesB) aren’t clear why they succeed in achieving their goalsC) tend to feel very lonely when they reach their goalsD) are born with some special ability to do something well2. Why should people be specific when setting a goal?A) It boosts their confidence. B) It makes the goal easier to achieve. C) It saves time in reaching the goal. D) It helps sustain their motivation.3. Very often, people who miss chances to act on a goal attribute the failure to _______.A) being busy and having no time B) setting too difficult goalsC) getting no notice from others D) hoping for better chances4. According to studies, when people plan specific actions in advance, _______.A) there is no doubt that they will fulfill their dreamsB) they have greater possibilities of reaching their goalsC) they are able to get their work done more efficientlyD) they are more likely to persist in face of difficulty5. The author suggests that monitoring your progress regularly _______.A) should be done by people around youB) is helpful for determining whether the goal is realisticC) enables you to make necessary adjustment in actionsD) is not always essential depending on the goal6. Thinking that goals are not difficult to reach _______.A) prepares people better for challengesB) prevents people from shying away from hardshipsC) helps people cope with difficulty calmlyD) significantly raises the possibility of failure7. What does the author say about people believing in fixed ability?A) They don’t focus on goals that improve themselves.B) They are more willing to commit to long-term goals.C) They can’t take on many challenging tasks at one time.D) Their goals are to get better instead of being good.8. People lacking determination usually believe that they are not born with _____________________________________ that successful people have.9. Your ability to control your mind and body will become stronger if you _____________________________________ and use it properly.10. According to some research, if you try to suppress thinking about white bears, it just becomes_____________________________________ in your brain.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Quit their jobs at the same time.B) Establish a firm in collaboration.C) Enrich their poor knowledge in business.D) Take an adventurous trip with their savings.12. A) People should not idle away their life.B) People should have made greater achievement.C) People should avoid being killed unexpectedly.D) People should have taken things more seriously.13. A) Time passes very quickly.B) The woman is wrong about the pick-up time.C) He doesn’t have anything to do.D) Before lunch is a great time to pick up the papers.14. A) She has to work to support herself. B) Her classes are not difficult.C) She goes to a full-time school. D) She takes evening courses.15. A) Jack survived the accident. B) Jack saved all the other passengers.C) Jack had little damage done to his car. D) Jack was the only victim of the accident.16. A) Her mild temper. B) Her broad knowledge.C) Her teaching style. D) Her detailed answers.17. A) It won’t come out until June 26.B) It hasn’t been returned by the borrower.C) It is not available unless it has been reserved.D) It was withdrawn from the shelf as a back issue.18. A) Their healthy lifestyle. B) Their work environment.C) Their outgoing personality. D) Their usual food and drink.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) The rock-climbing training involves a lot of preparation.B) Rock-climbing is safe if you are experienced enough.C) The woman is not excited about the first class in rock-climbing.D) The speakers will take a climbing trip in the early spring when the ice breaks.20. A) One is safe if he is very careful.B) Hi-tech safety equipment ensures one’s safety.C) A lot of people do rock-climbing and they are OK.D) There are no dangerous places nearby to do rock-climbing.21. A) She can make a lot of friends.B) She can work more efficiently.C) She can learn mental discipline.D) She can get more familiar with the man.22. A) He might join the class.B) He will join the class if the woman does.C) He still thinks it unworthy to join the class.D) He will tell the woman once he has made a decision.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It’s difficult to obtain happiness.B) Happiness is only a state of mind.C) Happiness is closely related to material life.D) People shouldn’t always ask what happiness is.24. A) They have no dreams.B) They don’t feel being loved.C) They get used to what they have.D) They only cherish the material things.25. A) Expensive ones. B) Cheap ones.C) Gifts made carefully. D) Gifts that won’t last.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Pets’ value in medical research. B) What pets bring to their owners.C) How pets help people calm down. D) People’s opinions of keeping pets.27. A) If he has a pet companion. B) If he has less stress of work.C) If he often does mental calculation. D) If he is taken care of by his family.28. A) They have lower blood pressure. B) They become more patient.C) They are in higher spirits. D) They are less nervous.29. A) People with dogs did more exercise.B) Dogs lost the same weight as people did.C) Dogs liked exercise much more than people did.D) People without dogs found the program unhelpful.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s.B) By 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year.C) Some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy.D) Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning.31. A) Camillo Olivetti’s death. B) Its slow progress.C) A period of financial problem. D) Its agreements with other companies.32. A) It produces the best typewriter in the world.B) It exports more typewriters than other computers.C) It designs the world’s first mainframe computer.D) It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He never watched TV. B) He read what he had to.C) He found reading unbelievable. D) He considered reading part of his life.34. A) It helps him to realize his dream.B) It opens up a wider world for him.C) It makes his college life more interesting.D) It increases his interest in worldwide travel.35. A) Why do I read? B) How do I read?C) What do I read? D) When do I read?Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Today we talk about the difference between a college and a university. Colleges and universities have a lot in (36) ________. They prepare young adults for work. They provide a greater (37) ________ of the world and its past. And they help students learn to (38) ________ the arts and sciences.Students who attend either a college or a university (39) ________ take four years to complete a program of study. But one difference is that many colleges do not offer (40) ________ study programs or support research projects.Universities often are much larger than colleges. Universities carry out a lot of research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate and graduate students. (41) ________ universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university”came from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common (42) ________.“College”came from a Latin word with a (43) ________ meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live. (44) ____________________________________________________.Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a person’s mind. (45) ________________________________.Another meaning of “college”is a part of a university. (46) __________________________________________. This is still true.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night’s sleep, a problem that seemed insurmountable(不能克服的) the night before can often appear more 47 , although the evidence until now has been anecdotal (轶事的).But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night’s sleep can 48 insight and problem-solving. Dr. Jan Born, a neuroscientist at the university, and his team taught volunteers two simple rules to help them 49 a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, 50 rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the51 were forced to stay awake. They noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as52 to figure out the third rule as the other group.“You have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve, and then you sleep. Sleep can act on the problem,” Born said in a telephone interview. But he also admitted that how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it is still 53 .Other scientists say the 54 evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep can stimulate creative thinking.Although the role of sleep in human creativity will 55 be a mystery, the research gives people goodreason to 56 respect their periods of sleep.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Many of us sit in front of a computer for eight hours a day, and then go home and head for the couch to surf the Web or watch television, exchanging one seat and screen for another. Even if we try to squeeze in an hour at the gym, is it enough to counteract (抵消) all that motionless sitting?A mounting body of evidence suggests not.Increasingly, research is focusing not on how much exercise people get, but how much of their time is spent in sedentary (久坐的) activity, and the harm that does.The latest findings, published this week in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology, indicate that the amount of leisure time spent sitting in front of a screen can have such an overwhelming, seeminglyirreparable (无法弥补的) impact on one’s health that physical activity doesn’t produce much benefit.The study followed 4,512 middle-aged Scottish men for a little more than four years on average. It found that those who said they spent two or more leisure hours a day sitting in front of a screen were at double the risk of a heart attack or other heart events compared with those who watched less. Those who spent four or more hours of recreational time in front of a screen were 50 percent more likely to die of any cause. It didn’t matter whether the men were physically active for several hours a week — exercise didn’t reduce the risk associated with the high amount of sedentary screen time.The study is not the first to suggest that sedentary activities like television viewing may be harmful. A 2009 study reported that young children who watch one and a half to five and a half hours of TV a day have higher blood pressure readings than those who watch less than half an hour, even if they are thin and physically active.Recreational screen time has an “independent, injurious relationship”with heart and the blood vessels events and death of all causes, the paper concluded, possibly because it induces metabolic (新陈代谢) changes.The study focused on recreational screen time because it’s the easiest to reduce, Dr. Stamatakis said. But he encouraged employees who work at computers all day to get up and take breaks and short walks periodically.57. According to the passage, more and more evidence proves that ______.A) people doing regular exercises after work tend to enjoy good healthB) people nowadays seem to spend excessive time seated at homeC) the time people spend watching TV is increasing dramaticallyD) physical activities don’t reduce the bad effect of long time’s sitting58. What do we learn from the study published in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology?A) The more people watch TV, the healthier they will become.B) The amount of exercises people get should be taken seriously.C) The harm done by sedentary activities seems impossible to repair.D) Exercise can make up for damage caused by high amount of sitting time.59. A 2009 study supported the idea that ______.A) physical inactivity may do harm to people’s healthB) the length of time spent in taking exercises do matterC) television viewers are more likely to die of heart diseasesD) thin teenagers are immune to disease caused by watching TV60. Why leisure time spent in front of the screen is related to heart diseases?A) Some content of the TV programs makes the heart beat faster.B) It causes chemical processes in people’s body to change.C) Extended sitting slows circulating blood to the heart.D) Radiation from the screen causes physical harm to the heart.61. Dr. Stamatakis suggested people who rely on computers to work ______.A) secretly combine business with leisureB) quit their current jobs as soon as possibleC) take breaks from the screen at regular intervals of timeD) get up early so as to take regular exercises in the morningPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.If two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are correct, people will still be driving gasoline-powered cars 50 years from now, giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere — and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming.The scientists, F. Jeffrey Martin and William L. Kubic Jr., are proposing a concept, which they have namedGreen Freedom, for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline.The idea is simple. Air would be blown over a liquid solution which would absorb the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be extracted (提取) and subjected to chemical reactions that would turn it into fuel.Although they have not yet built a synthetic fuel factory, or even a small prototype (原型), the scientists say it is all based on existing technology.“Everything in the concept has been built, is operating or has a close cousin that is operating,” Dr. Martin said.The Los Alamos proposal does not violate any laws of physics, and other scientists have independently suggested similar ideas.In the efforts to reduce humanity’s emissions of carbon dioxide, three solutions have been offered: hydrogen(氢)-powered fuel cells, electric cars and biofuels. Biofuels are gasoline substitutes produced from plants like corn or sugar cane. Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, but growing crops for fuel takes up wide strips of land.Hydrogen-powered cars emit no carbon dioxide, but producing hydrogen requires copious (大量的) energy, and if that energy comes from coal-fired power plants, then the problem has not been solved.Electric cars also push the carbon dioxide problem to the power plant. And electric cars have typically been limited to a range of tens of miles as opposed to the hundreds of miles that can be driven on a tank of gas.Gasoline, it turns out, is an almost ideal fuel (except that it produces CO2). If it can be made out of carbon dioxide in the air, the Los Alamos concept may mean there is little reason to switch, after all.“It’s definitely worth pursuing,” said Martin I. Hoffert, a professor of physics at New York University. Other scientists also said the proposal looked promising but could not evaluate it fully because the details had not been published.62. What is most remarkable about the proposal made by the two scientists?A) It is given a special name. B) No law of physics is violated.C) It is based on existing technology. D) CO2 can be converted into fuel.63. What does the author say about biofuels?A) They are considered as ideal substitutes for fossil fuels.B) It is a great waste to use so many plants to produce fuels.C) They help ease global warming but will use a large area of land.D) Cars using biofuels have a longer range than cars running on gas.64. The biggest problem with hydrogen-powered cars is that ______.A) there is no cheap source of hydrogen energyB) they may still be a cause of global warmingC) safety problems might occur in hydrogen productionD) they are not suitable for long-distance travel65. What will happen if what is proposed by the two scientists becomes true?A) There will be no need for gasoline substitutes.B) Air pollution will become a thing of the past.C) People will be able to use much cheaper energy.D) There will be no more gasoline-powered vehicles.66. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A) To compare different energy sources.B) To introduce a new concept of zero carbon gasoline.C) To explain why gasoline is important to us.D) To discus how to solve the problem of global warming.Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.。
大学英语四级模拟试题1
大学英语四级模拟试题（一）大学英语四级模拟试题（一）Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you should write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting Getting Certificates Certificates Certificates on on on Campus Campus . ou Y ou should should should write write write at at at least least least 150 150 150 words words words following following following the the outline given below. 1.大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热2.大学生考证的利弊大学生考证的利弊3.考证面前，我的选择考证面前，我的选择Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Main Energies for the Body A balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance maintenance of of of the the the body body body and and and therefore therefore therefore good good good health. health. health. A A A diet diet diet can can can easily easily easily be be be adequate adequate adequate for for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced balanced diet diet diet should should should be be be made made made from from from carbohydrates. carbohydrates. carbohydrates. If If If eaten eaten eaten in in in an an an excess excess excess of of of the the the dietary dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12,000kJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells. Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i.e. to be oxidized to release release energy energy energy for for for active active active transport, transport, transport, macromolecule macromolecule macromolecule synthesis, synthesis, synthesis, cell cell cell division division division and and and muscle muscle contraction. contraction. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are are are digested digested digested in in in the the the duodenum duodenum duodenum and and and ileum ileum ileum and and and absorbed absorbed absorbed as as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. If the diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as an energy source. Proteins Protein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and and repair repair repair of of of body body body tissues tissues tissues while while while remaining remaining remaining an an an energy energy energy source source source as as as a a a last last last resort. resort. resort. Proteins Proteins fulfill fulfill a a a wide wide wide variety variety variety of of of roles roles roles in in in the the the body. body. body. They They They are are are broken broken broken down down down in in in the the the stomach stomach stomach and and intestines to amino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized synthesized into into into proteins proteins proteins which which which can can can be be be structural, structural, structural, i.e. i.e. i.e. collagen collagen collagen in in in bone, keratin bone, keratin in in hair, hair, myosin and actin in muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones. Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will will not not not be be be present present present either. either. either. Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Phenylalanine is is is converted converted converted to to to tyrosine tyrosine tyrosine and and and methionine methionine methionine is is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino amino acids acids acids for for for cells cells cells to to to draw draw draw on, on, on, any any any amino amino amino acid acid acid in in in excess excess excess of of of immediate immediate immediate bodily bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down. If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is caused when high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the the lack lack lack of of of protein protein protein in in in the the the blood. blood. blood. The The The body body body cannot cannot cannot retain retain retain water water water by by by osmosis osmosis osmosis and and and fluid fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged. Vitamin Categories Vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently. Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which which are are are ingested ingested ingested with with with fatty fatty fatty foods foods foods and and and water water water soluble soluble soluble vitamins vitamins vitamins such such such as as as the the the B B B group group vitamins vitamins and and and vitamin vitamin vitamin C. C. C. Vitamins Vitamins are are known known known as as as micronutrients micronutrients micronutrients because because because only only only small small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxic if kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A A can can can be be be considered considered considered toxic. toxic. toxic. Water Water Water soluble soluble soluble vitamins vitamins vitamins such such such as as as vitamin vitamin vitamin C C C and and and B B B groups groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet. Vitamins A Vitamin Vitamin A A A is is is essential essential essential to to to the the the proper proper proper functioning functioning functioning of of of the the the retina retina retina in in in the the the eye eye eye and and and the the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion of lubricating lubricating tears tears tears is is is stopped, stopped, stopped, the the the eyelids eyelids eyelids become become become swollen swollen swollen and and and sticky sticky sticky with with with pus. pus. pus. Mucous Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vitamin A A into into into a a a pigment, pigment, pigment, rhodopsin, rhodopsin, rhodopsin, which which which is is is bleached bleached bleached when when when light light light enters enters enters the the the eye. eye. eye. Rod Rod Rod cells cells resynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut. Xenophthalmia Xenophthalmia is is is common common common among among among children children children who's who's who's diets diets diets consist consist consist of of of mainly mainly mainly cereals cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines. Vitamins D Vitamin Vitamin D, D, D, or or or calciferol, calciferol, calciferol, is is is another another another fat fat fat soluble soluble soluble steroid steroid steroid vitamin vitamin vitamin which which which functions functions functions to to stimulate stimulate calcium calcium calcium uptake uptake uptake from from from the the the gut gut gut and and and its its its deposition deposition deposition in in in bone. bone. bone. vitamin vitamin vitamin D D D acts acts acts as as as a a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D", which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorb calcium. vitamin D is is therefore therefore therefore essential essential essential in in in growing growing growing children's children's children's diets diets diets to to to enable enable enable the the the growth growth growth of of of strong strong strong bones. bones. Without Without adequate adequate adequate amounts amounts amounts of of of vitamin vitamin vitamin D D D children children children can can can develop develop develop rickets, rickets, rickets, which which which is is is the the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture. Vitamin Vitamin D D D is is is made made made by by by the the the body body body when when when exposed exposed exposed to to to sunlight sunlight sunlight and and and is is is stored stored stored in in in the the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D. Vitamins K Vitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the the intestines intestines intestines bacteria bacteria bacteria synthesize synthesize synthesize a a a number number number of of of important important important clotting clotting clotting factors factors factors which which which need need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur. Vitamins C Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys when when they they they did did did not not not have have have fruit fruit fruit in in in their their their diets. diets. diets. Scurvy Scurvy Scurvy causes causes causes painful, painful, painful, bleeding bleeding bleeding gums. gums. gums. As As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea. Vitamins B B B group group group vitamins vitamins vitamins have have have a a a wide wide wide range range range of of of roles roles roles acting acting acting as as as co-enzymes co-enzymes co-enzymes in in in metabolic metabolic pathways. pathways. They They They are are are found found found in in in most most most plant plant plant and and and animal animal animal tissues tissues tissues involved involved involved in in in metabolism, metabolism, therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells. 1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________. A. the cell B. the respiring process of carbohydrates C. fats in the cell D. a balanced diet 2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______. A. digestion B. respiration C. oxidization D. mobilization 3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from______. A. stomach B. body tissues C. the body D. the diet 4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________. A. protein B. carbohydrates C. vitamins D. diet 5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients ” in that _________. A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urine B. the body only requires small amount of vitamins C. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxic D. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic 6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________. A. fat soluble vitamins B. water soluble vitamins C. vitamin A D. innate disability 7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from ________. A. the growth of strong bones B. fracture C. a progressive softening of the bones D. calcium uptake from the gut 8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough ______________. 9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives __________ out of the body. 10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to _______________. Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: Directions: In In In this this this section, section, section, there there there is is is a passage a passage with with ten ten ten blanks. blanks. blanks. Y ou Y ou are are are required required required to to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the __47__ mind. Dreaming of something you ’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain ’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a a presentation presentation presentation at at at work work work or or or playing playing playing sports, sports, sports, can can can enhance enhance enhance your your your __48__. __48__. __48__. And And And cognitive cognitive neuroscientists neuroscientists have have have discovered discovered discovered that that that dreams dreams dreams and and and the the the rapid rapid rapid eye eye eye movement movement movement (REM) (REM) (REM) that that happens happens while while while you’re you’re you’re dreaming dreaming dreaming are are are __49__ __49__ __49__ to to to our our our ability ability ability to to to learn learn learn and and and remember. remember. Dreaming Dreaming is is is a a a “mood “mood “mood regulatory regulatory regulatory system,” system,” system,” says says says Rosalind Rosalind Rosalind Cartwright, Cartwright, Cartwright, PhD, PhD, PhD, chairman chairman chairman of of the psychology __50__ at Rush Universi ty Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams dreams help help help people people people work work work through through through the the the day’s day’s day’s emotional emotional emotional quandaries. quandaries. quandaries. “It’s “It’s “It’s like like like having having having a a built-built-in in in therapist,” therapist,” therapist,” says says says Cartwright. Cartwright. Cartwright. While While While we we we sleep, sleep, sleep, dreams dreams dreams __51__ __51__ __51__ new new new emotional emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven’t seen h im for 50 years. But the old and new images are __52__ related.” It ’s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can can help help help real real real therapists therapists therapists treat treat treat patients patients patients __53__ __53__ __53__ traumatic traumatic traumatic ((创伤的) ) life life life events. events. events. In In In a a a new new study study of of of 30 30 30 recently recently recently __54__ __54__ __54__ adults, adults, adults, Cartwright Cartwright Cartwright tracked tracked tracked their their their dreams dreams dreams over over over a a a five-month five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through through their their their emotions emotions emotions a a nd nd __55__ __55__ __55__ with with with the the the divorce.” divorce.” divorce.” For For For therapists, therapists, therapists, this this this finding finding finding will will help __56__ whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away. A. deal B. physically C. wake D. performance E. making F. undergoing G . experience H. divorced I. determine J. compare K. department L. conscious M. presentation N. linked O. emotionally Section B Directions: Directions: There There There are are are 2 2 2 passages passages passages in in in this this this section. section. section. Each Each Each passage passage passage is is is followed followed followed by by by some some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. A A few few few years years years ago ago ago a a a young young young mother mother mother watched watched watched her her her husband husband husband diaper diaper diaper ((给…换尿布) ) their their firstborn son. “You do not have to be unhappy about it,” she protested. “You can talk to to him him him and and and smile smile smile a a a little.little.” The The father, father, father, who who who happened happened happened to to to be be be a a a psychologist, psychologist, psychologist, answered answered firmly, “He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologist Psychologist now now now know know know how how how wrong wrong wrong that that that father father father was. was. was. From From From the the the moment moment moment of of of birth, birth, birth, a a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry (模糊的) ) shadows, shadows, shadows, that that that his his his other other other senses senses senses were were were undeveloped, undeveloped, undeveloped, and and and that that that all all all he he he required required required was was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet. Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime. Far Far from from from being being being helpless, helpless, helpless, the the the newborn newborn newborn knows knows knows what what what he he he likes likes likes and and and rejects rejects rejects what what what he he doesn ’t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a a glutton glutton glutton for for for novelty. novelty. novelty. He He He prefers prefers prefers animate animate animate things things things over over over inanimate inanimate inanimate and and and likes likes likes people people people more more than anything. When When a a a more more more nine nine nine minutes minutes minutes out, out, out, an an an infant infant infant prefers prefers prefers a a a human human human face face face to to to a a a head-shaped head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he ’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony (同时发生) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response. 57. 57. The The The author author points points out out out that that that the the the father father father diapering diapering his his first-born first-born son son was was was wrong wrong because________. A) he believed the baby was not able to hear him B) he thought the baby didn ’t have the power of speech C) he was a psychologist unworthy of his profession D) he thought the baby was not capable of any response 58. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A) A new infant can see only blurry shadows. B) A new infant ’s senses are undeveloped C) All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet. D) A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment 59. What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty ” probably mean? A) The newborn is greedy for new food. B) The newborn tends to overeat. C) The newborn always loves things that are new to him. D) The newborn ’s appetite is a constant topic in novels. 60. According to the passage, it ’s groundless to think that newborns prefer________. A) a human face to a head-shaped outline B) animate things to inanimate ones C) human voice to non-human sounds D) nourishment to a warm bassinet 61. What is the passage mainly discussing about? A) What people know about newborns. B) How wrong parents are when they handle their babies. C) How much newborns have progressed in about a decade ’s time. D) Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Mobile office is the mutual product of economic ，scientific ，and social progress.Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime anytime via via via the the the support support support of of of mobile mobile mobile interconnection interconnection interconnection platform(MIP)and platform(MIP)and platform(MIP)and its its its applications applications systems. Using mobile office and W AP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime, anytime, can can can send send send and and and receive receive receive data data data via via via terminals terminals terminals such such such as as as mobile mobile mobile phone, phone, phone, and and and palm palm computer, and can surf the Internet. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business ，what would happen to your business routine?Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do?Maybe you have to say “sorry ” to the clients. But, your business will be affected ，the clients will be unhappy unhappy and and and disappointed disappointed disappointed because because because of of of your your your delay delay ，and and you you you will will will lose lose lose a a a lot lot lot of of of business business opportunities. In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office “move” with you. With the development of communications technology, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one one mobile mobile mobile phone phone phone with with with data data data communications communications communications function. Thus, function. Thus, mobile mobile office office office has has has already already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized. Mobile Mobile office office office has has has provided provided provided people people people with with with convenient, convenient, convenient, casual casual casual working working working environment, environment, but but at at at the the the same same same time time time it it it still still still has has has some some some unsatisfactory unsatisfactory unsatisfactory aspects aspects aspects such such such as as as mismatching mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, progress, people people people can can can certainly certainly certainly overcome overcome overcome all all all kinds kinds kinds of of of difficulties. difficulties. difficulties. Mobile Mobile Mobile office office office will will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users’ living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises’ production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.62. According to the passage, mobile office help you with the following except ________ . A) keeping update with the latest news B) checking e-mails any time one wants C) conducting internet surfing D) finding one ’s true love in life 63. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph? A) You would lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work. B) You should read and reply faxes and e-mail timely. C) When you leave your office your business routine might be damaged. D) When you cannot meet the need of your clients you should immediately say sorry. 64. When you let your office “move ” with you, you __________ . A) will never let your clients down B) you don ’t have to stay at office anymore C) you then find the best way to handle your business anywhere anytime D) you no longer face the dilemma between work and life 65. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ . A) mobile office communication is very cost-consuming B) with the development of science, mobile office has eventually come to our life C) people had no convenient and reliable communications and office faculty before D) economic factors are essential in the operation of mobile office 66. According to the author, mobile office _________ . A) would help achieve complete communication mobility B) is too expensive to afford by small companies C) has some fatal defects impossible to modify D) is too complicated to operate in everyday business Part V Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work, they have to read all kinds of materials. In _67_a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and and comprehend comprehend comprehend _68_can _68_can _68_can mean mean mean the the the difference difference difference between between between success success success and and and failure. failure. failure. Y Y et the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _69_readers. Most of us develop poor reading _70_at an early age, and never get over them. The The main main main deficiency deficiency deficiency _71_in _71_in _71_in the the the actual actual actual component component component of of of language language language itself-words. itself-words. itself-words. Take Take individually, words have _72_meaning until they are put together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. _73_, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often turning back to _74_words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over _75_you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another Another habit habit which _76_down _76_down the the the speed speed speed of of of reading reading reading is is is vocalization-sounding vocalization-sounding vocalization-sounding each each word wither orally or mentally when a _77_reads. To To overcome overcome overcome these these these bad bad bad habits habits habits some some some reading reading reading clinics clinics clinics use use use a a a device device device called called called an an an _78_, _78_, which moves a bar (or a curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate _79_the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator accelerator forces forces forces the the the reader reader reader to to to read read read fast, fast, fast, _80_word-by-word _80_word-by-word _80_word-by-word reading, reading, reading, regression regression regression and and 。
大学英语四级模拟试题一（附含答案解析）
⼤学英语四级模拟试题⼀（附含答案解析）⼤学英语四级模拟题⼀Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10%) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous（具有共同特点的）than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation（发⾏量）by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium. Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and providea way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor billboards（⼴告牌）and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes---satellite and Internet radio---will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcastmedium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine’s othe r readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertisers using the print media---magazines and newspapers---will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed（分散）than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety inthe types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’ advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well.Direct mailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mailis an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.1. Television is attractive advertising medium in that ________.A. it has large audiencesB. it appeals to housewivesC. it helps build up a company’s reputationD. it is affordable to most advertisers2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________.A. the cost of TV advertising has decreasedB. the number of TV viewers has increasedC. advertisers’ interest in other media has decreasedD. the number of TV ads people can see has increased3. Compared with television, newspaper as an advertising medium ________.A. earn a larger annual ad revenueB. convey more detailed messagesC. use more production techniquesD. get messages out more effectively4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because ________.A. more local radio stations have been set upB. modern technology makes it more entertainingC. it provides easy access to consumersD. it has been revolutionized by Internet radio5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to ________.A. reach target audiencesB. appeal to educated peopleC. attract diverse audiencesD. convey all kinds of messages6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because ________.A. billboards can be replaced within two hoursB. consumers travel more now than ever beforeC. such ads have been made much more attractiveD. the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________.A. quick to updateB. pleasant to look atC. easy to rememberD. convenient to access8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences thattend to be_________________.9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for businesses to develop_______________.10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ______ __ for advertisements.（8-10题答案请写在答题纸上）Part II Listening Comprehension (35%) Section A (15%)Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.11. A. To reach US$13 million. B. To reach US$30 million.C. To reach US$300 million.D. To reach US$3 million.12. A. 80%. B. 60%. C. 50%. D. 70%.13. A. 160. B. 60. C. 116. D. 106.14. A. Meet Mr. Wilson. B. Make a cup of tea.C. Give Mr. Milson a call.D. Write down the number.15. A. The man does not need a car to get around.B. The man lives far away from the subway.C. The man is not good at driving.D. The man enjoys driving a car.16. A. It is attractive. B. It is exciting.C. It is boring.D. It is important.17. A. Stay at home and complete the paper on her own.B. Save time by using Mary’s computer.C. Buy a computer herself.D. Borrow Mary’s computer.18. A. Talk to the boss. B. Restart the discussion.C. Have a fresh mind.D. Have a break.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. Her mother. B. Her friend.C. Her husband.D. Herself.20. A. A 40 percent discount. B. A 10 percent discount.C. A 15 percent discount.D. A 20 percent discount.21. A. 40 dollars. B. 48 dollars.C. 60 dollars.D. 54 dollars.22. A. Because the woman has only 47 dollars.B. Because there’s a button missing on the blouse.C. Because it is the last blouse.D. Because it is the special offer for this week.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A. In the dining hall. B. In the room.C. In the Rainbow Bar.D. Not given.24. A. Room 610. B. Room 061.C. Room 106.D. Room 601.25. A. In a motel. B. In a hotel.C. In a dormitory.D. In a bar.Section B (10%)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A. Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B. Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C. The United States is a country of immigrants.D. Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.27. A. They can make friends with people from other countries.B. They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C. They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D. They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.28. A. The couple cooks the dishes and the children help them.B. The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C. The mother does the cooking while the father and the children wait on the guests.D. A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A. Their family members. B. Their relatives.C. Their closed friends.D. Strangers.30. A. To get advice. B. To subscribe.C. To place an advertisement.D. To apply for membership.31. A. They are two well-known writers who give advice.B. They are two famous doctors.C. They are two lawyers.D. They are two professors at the New York State University.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A. At 7:00. B. At 7:50.C. On time.D. Behind its time.33. A. To take a taxi to St. Louis.B. To take a bus to St. Louis.C. To carry his bags and hurry to the Union Station.D. To get off before Union Station and take a taxi.34. A. He managed to catch the train he needed.B. He failed to catch the train to St. Louis.C. As soon as he got on the train it began to leave the station.D. Thanks to the porter’s help, he was in time for the train.35. A. Late Again. B. A Helpful Conductor.C. At the Union Station.D. Conductor, Porter and I.Section C (10%)Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. （答案请写在答题纸上）Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work (36) __________. Their jobs may even require them to take (37) __________ business trips. Most companies provide an (38) __________ vacation for their employees and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states. Others go on low-budget (39) __________ excursions and stay in economy motels. Those with more (40) __________tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great (41) __________appeals to adventurous types.Most Americans prefer to travel within their nation’s borders. Why? For one thing, it’s cheaper than traveling (42)__________ and there’s no language problems. But besides that, the vast American territory offers numerous tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches, mountains, canyons, lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. (43) __________ cities offer visitors a multitude of urbandelights. The convenience of modern freeways, (44) ___________________ makes travel in America as easy as pie. Many American vacations are as unique as unique as the people who take them. Families often plan their trips with (45)_____________________. More and more “family friendly” vacation resorts offer special programs for children. History buffs seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer “green vacations”. Some people find sea cruises (46) _______________________________. Others hit the water to go fishing, skiing or white-water rafting.Part III Reading Comprehension (20%) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OnePart-time jobs are nothing new to us college students. It is common for students to practice their salesmanship when they have free time. However, I was extremely shocked when I learned one of our teachers had also joined in the profit-making business.She is our physical education teacher. The other day she publicly commented on the pimples (丘疹) on a student’s face andthen presented the girl with a sample bottle of nameless face cream.According to the teacher, the face cream was produced in France. Each small bottle costs more than 40 yuan. From my viewpoint, it is a complete waste of money to buy such thing. “Why don’t you decline and refuse to buy it?” I suggested to the girl. She signed, “If I do that, I am afraid that my teacher may give me a lower mark in PE.” In other words, as long as she made a good deal with the teacher, an “excellent” on her PE course would follow.I was depressed. The teacher abused her social role. Her priority should be to give us proper education and training. Instead, she is trying to make a profit from us. She is unfit to be a good “engineer in cultivat ing the spirit of mankind”.47. The idea for students to do part-time jobs is _________.A. unheardB. uncommonC. surprisingD. not fresh48. The teacher made a comment on the pimples on a student’s face in order to _________.A. sell somethingB. show concern for the studentsC. make her lessons more interestingD. help her students learn something49. The writer believes that the cream _________.A. is worthy buyingB. is of high qualityC. is uselessD. can cure the pimples on the student’s face50. We may infer that _________.A. many students bought the creamB. no students bought the creamC. the writer got some free creamD. the cream was made by the teacher herself51. From the passage we can infer that _________.A. some students have failed their PE examsB. the students don’t like the teacherC. the teacher is welcome by her studentsD. the teacher has given her students proper education and trainingPassage TwoShu Pudong has helped at least l, 000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career,” he said.In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms or legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his field when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized that he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time, he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to the heart. Rushing home he shouted ‘Bring me the knife’. Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said.52. The best title for this article is “_________”.A. Astonishing MedicineB. Farmer Loses ArmC. Dangerous BitesD. Snake Doctor53. The farmer lost his arm because _________.A. the cloth was wrapped too tightlyB. he cut it off to save his lifeC. Shu wasn’t there to help himD. he was alone in the field54. Shu decided to devote himself to snake medicine because _________.A. he wanted to save people’s arms and legsB. he had studied it at a medical schoolC. he had seen snakes biting peopleD. his army service had finished55. Why did Shu go into the mountains？A. He didn’t want to study snake bites.B. He wanted to help the farmers.C. He was being trained to be a doctor.D. He was expected to serve in the army.56. Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word “career”in the first paragraph？A. conclusionB. storyC. incidentD. jobPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%) Directions: There are20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In__57__a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend __58__can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are__59__readers. Most of us develop poor reading __60__at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency__61__in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have __62__meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. __63__, however, the untrainedreader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to __64__words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over__65__you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which __66__down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as__67__reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an __68__, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate __69__the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch”him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, __70__word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first __71__is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read idea s and concepts, you will not only read faster, __72__your comprehension will improve. Many people have found __73__reading skill drastically improved after some training. __74__Chalice Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute __75__the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can __76__a lot more reading material in a short period of time.57. A. applying B. doing C. offering D. getting58. A. quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly59. A. good B. curious C. poor D. urgent60. A. training B. habits C. situations D. custom61. A. lies B. combines C. touches D. involves62. A. some B. a lot C .little D. dull63. A. Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. Unfortunately64. A. reuse B. reread C. rewrite D. recite65. A. what B. which C. that D. if66. A. scales B. cuts C. slows D. measures67. A. some one B. one C. he D. reader68. A. accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer69. A. then B. as C. beyond D. than70. A. enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating71. A. meaning B. comprehension C. gist D. regression72. A. but B. nor C. or D. for73. A. our B. your C. their D. such a74. A. Look at B. Take C. Make D. Consider75. A. for B. in C. after D. before76. A. master B. go over C. present D. get throughPart V Translation (10%)Directions: Complete sentences by translating into English the Chinese given inbrackets. Put the answers down on the Answer Sheet. （答案请写在答题纸上）77. The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is ________________________ (我⽆法⽤语⾔来表述).78. Why is she looking at me ________________________ (像是她认识我似的)? I’venever seen her before in my life.79. I don’t enjoy going to the movies. ________________________ (在我看来), it’sjust a waste of time.80. The Canadian speaks Chinese ________________________ (和他说英语⼀样流利).81. ________________________ (Tony 是否来), doesn’t matter much. We can rely on ourselves.Part VI Writing(15%)Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay on the topicAttend Your Classes Regularly. You should write at least 120 words (no morethan 150 words) based on the outline given below:1.现在⼤学校园⾥，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象。
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最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Part Three V ocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. Word had come from the manager ____________ a new transaction would be concluded.A) whoB) thatC) whichD) when42. There was a traffic jam, but she ____________ get to the destination in time.A) couldB) mightC) ought toD) was able to43. "Do you think ____________ I should attend the lecture?" she asked me.A) thatB) whetherC) ifD) when44. Their room was on the third floor, its window ____________ the sports ground.A) overlooksB) overlookingC) overlookedD) to overlook45. On no account ____________ to anyone who works in the company.A) my name must be mentionedB) my name must mentionC) must my name be mentionedD) must my name mention46. Jim knows little of mathematics, ____________ of chemistry.A) and still lessB) as well asC) no less thanD) and still more47. The man denied ____________ any thing at the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.A) to have stolenB ) to stealC ) having stolenD ) having been stealing51. To handle the delicate situation, you must ；be____________A) more than carefulB) more carefullyC) carefully enoughD) enough carefully52. The governess agreed to teach the temperamental child ____________ she was given complete authority.A) whetherB) forC) thatD) provided53. According to the periodic table, ____________ still some elements undiscovered.A) there seem to beB) it seems to beC) it seems thatD) here seem54. The farmer used wood to build a house ____________ to store grain.A) withB) in whichC) whichD) where55. A beam of light will not bend round the corners unless ____________ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.A) being doneB) madeC) to be madeD) having made56. ____________, the more severe the winters are.A) The more north you goB) The farther you go the northC) The more you go northD) The farther north you go57. Vicky has been sad recently, for her plan to go to college ____________ at the last moment.A) fell outB) fell behindC) fell throughD) fell off58. You had better ____________ teasing these newcomers, for that will hurt their feeling.A) leave outB) leave forC) leave offD) leave behind59. Don't lose heart! You should _____________ your courage and overcome the difficulty.A) hold upB) set upC) pull upD) pluck up60. He ____________ a sum of money every month to help the two orphans.A) sets asideB) sets upC) sets alongD) sets in61. His debts had to be _____________ after he committed suicide with his rifle.A) laid offB) written offC) turned offD) put off62. The gentleman ____________ a cherub with his letter.A) combinedB) includedC) keptD) enclosed63. At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide ____________ of topics they were interested in.A) extentB) numberC) collectionD) range64. His ____________ has changed but he has kept the fine qualities of a scientific researcher.A) stateB) statusC) stationD) statue65. She can speak French and German, to ____________ nothing of English.A) sayB) speakC) talkD) tell66. If you play with electricity, you may get an electric ____________A) strikeB) beatC) shockD) knock67. It was a wonderful play with a ____________ of over fifty actors and actresses.A) listB) groupC) bunchD) herd68. A ____________change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.A) strictB) wideC) everD) radical69. Please give my best ____________ to your family.A) noticeB) attentionC) regardsD) cares70. They bought the land with a ____________ to build a new office block.A) purposeB) viewC) goalD) reason“成千上万人疯狂下载。
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