(完整版)非谓语动词作补语讲解及练习
非谓语动词作宾补,定语,状语的区别以及练习题(含答案)
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1）不定式作定语1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：ability能力，本领drive赶，驾驶movement运动，活动ambition抱负，野心effort努力，尝试need需要，需求campaign战役，运动failure失败，不及格opportunity机会chance机会force力，压力，要点promise许诺，希望courage勇气intention意向，意图reason理由，原因decision决定method方法，方式light光，光线，亮光determination决心，决定motive动机，目的struggle奋斗，努力，tendency倾向，趋势wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
非谓语动词做宾补
1. 不定式做宾补的常用动词：advise, allow, ask, beg, command, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, intend, invitee, instruct, like, order, prefer, persuade, permit, promise, request, tell, want, wish, remind, warn等;Exercise11).I didn’t’t want my parents _________help me.2).We’d prefer you __________ take the job instead of Zhang.3).The school ordered all the classroom ________ clean .4).My parents expect me _________ go to a ideal university.5).Joan promised the dinner ____________ cook before we returned.6).The doctor advised the patient ___________ take two pills every fourhours.7).He determined me____________ tell everything.2. 不定式做宾补可以省略to的情况A. 不定式在某些感觉动词feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe,see和使役动词 let, have, make后作宾语补足语时,省去to, 但在被动语态中to 不可以省;Didn’t you hear anyone say anything about itDon’t look at other people dance.They made the workers work day and night.The workers were made to work day and night.B. 动词help后,可以加to,也可以省略to.I will help him to clean the room.Exercise 21).We can’t let this ________go on.2).John made him ________ tell everything.3).I will not let my children _________treat in that way.4).The two boys were sorry indeed to see him ______go.5).We felt the house ____________ shake in the earthquake.6).Do you like listening to other people ______ talk Have you ever heard him______ tell a lie7).I heard somebody ___________talk in the meeting room when I passed by.8).Who would you like to have________ go9).I’ve heard the song ________ sing many times.10).We saw the house _________ burn to the ground when we reached there.动词-ing经常用在动词_________________________________________________________ _______________________________等后做宾补,和宾语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示动作___________ 进行,状态正在持续;She kept me waiting for almost an hour.When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.过去分词通常用在一些感觉动词和使役动词的宾语后面,强调它的动作性,和宾语是动宾关系;I had/go a decayed朽了的 tooth pulled off 我让大夫把我的一颗蛀牙拔了;主语谓语宾语宾补1. have/get +过去分词的用法过去分词在动词have, get两个词后面做宾补时,常常表示这个动作不是由__________完成的, 而是由__________完成的;You’d better have/get the dangerous building pulled down.How often do you have/get your hair cutWe had some pictures taken in the park.Have/get + 过去分词还可以表示这是主语的一种经历,需要根据上下文来领会句子的意义;I had my left arm broken yesterday.Li Ming had his bike stolen.make onself+过去分词的用法I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English.I didn’t make myself heard because a lot of people cried in the hall大厅.A liar骗子 can not make himself believed.Exercise 1 分析下列句子：1 I heard someone calling me.I heard my name called.2 I found Tom break the window.I found the window broken.3. Where did you get your book printed4. We have our classroom cleaned after school every day.5. We had better work harder to get the work done on time.6Can you smell the food burnt7The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard.8While you were out, you should keep your doors and windows closed.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：Sb.+ 动词 + sb/sth do+ sb/sth doing sth.+ sth/sb. done例如：see him go to schoolsee the fire burningsee the house burnt downExercise 2 选词完成句子;1).When he entered the room, he found the window __________ breaking, broken.2).I’ll have my bike _________ fixed, fixing修理 while you are cooking.3).I don’t want any bad words _________ said, saying about him behind hisback.4).Please get the work __________ done, doing as soon as possible.5).I’ll have the materials ___________ sent, sending to you next Mondaymorning.6).She won’t have her long and beautiful hair __________ cut, cutting short.7).You should make your voice ____________ heard, hearing.8).I want you to keep me __________ informing, informed of how things aregoing with you.9).The price is fine with me. How would you like it _________ paid, paying10).At last I succeeded in making myself ____________ understood,understanding.Exercise 3 用所给词的正确形式填空;1).I used to see these boys _____________ play on the playground.2).I saw them ____________ play the computer this afternoon.3).Have you __________ hear this song __________ sing before4).She was surprised to find the house ___________ break into when she wentback home.5).Unfortunately, he got his wallet ____________ steal on the bus.6).He won’t have us ____________ criticize批评 him.7).It’s a bad habit to leave the work __________ undo .8).Yesterday I caught him __________ take my dictionary when I went into theclassroom.Exercise 4利用语法知识,根据所给的提示语造句;例: We are having the house painted the house / paint at the moment.1.I lost my key. I’ll have to ________________________ another key / make.2.When was the last time you ___________________________ your hair / cut3.You look different. _____________________________________ you / your hair/ cut4._______________________________ you / a newspaper / deliver to your houseor do you go to the shop to buy one5.A: What are those workmen doing in your gardenB: Oh, we ______________________________ a swimming pool / build.6.A: Can I see the photographs you took when you were on holidayB: I’m afraid I __________________________ not / the film / develop yet.7.This coat is dirty. I must ________________________ it / clean..Exercise 6 语法填空1. Mr Smith didn’t go to the party because he had a lot of experiments _____do.2. ---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301--- Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ______ show you to your room.3. Our manager is going to have a new factory _______ build on the ruined one.4. My advisor encouraged me ________take a summer course to improve my writing skills.5. I smell something ________ burn in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute6. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English___________ improve in a short period.7. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _______interest in his lessons.复习：1.The government plans to bring in new laws _______ parents to take more responsibilityfor the education of their children.A.ForcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced2.It is one of the funniest things ________ on the internet so far this year.A.FindingB. being foundC. to findD. found3.- Can those ________ at the back of the classroom hear me-No problem.A.SeatB. sitC. seatedD. sat4.The trees _________ in the storm have been moved off the road.A.Being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down5.– The last one ________ pays the meal.-AgreedA.ArrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving6.At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ________ could be heard outside theclassroom.A.Opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close32. The town hall ________ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed33. “Things ________ never come again” I couldn’t help talking to myself.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. have lostBDCBC CCA。
非谓语动词做宾补
翻译题
请将以下英文句子翻译成中文
He is said to have escaped from the prison.
答案
据说他已经从监狱逃跑了。
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总结与回顾
主要内容回顾
非谓语动词做宾补的定义和作 用。
非谓语动词做宾补的分类和用 法。
双宾语和复合宾语的构成和区 别。
非谓语动词做宾补的省略情况 。
与形容词的搭配
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不定式做宾补时表示动作的完成，具 有形容词的语法特征。
动名词做宾补时表示动作的完成，具 有形容词的语法特征。
分词做宾补时表示动作的完成，具有 形容词的语法特征。
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常见用法及例句
不定式的常见用法
表示将来的动作
不定式做宾补表示的动作会在谓语动作之 后发生，如“He is going to send an email to his boss, asking for a raise.” 中的“to send an email to his boss” 表示将来的动作。
要点二
表示工具或手段
介词短语做宾补表示的动作是通过某种工具或手段完成 的，如“He swims with a pair of flippers.”中的 “with a pair of flippers”表示工具或手段。
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练习与巩固
填空题
完成句子
He found his -ed in the corner of the room.
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表示动作的性质
动名词做宾补时，有时表示动作的性 质，即动作的特点或属性。
分词做宾补
现在分词做宾补
现在分词做宾补时，表示宾语正在进行的动作或状态。
非谓语动词讲解和练习(附答案)
非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语，但又具有动词特征的动词形式。
一、种类非谓语动词主要包括三种形式：不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）和分词（Participle）。
1.不定式基本形式是“to + 动词原形”（有时可省略to），例如“to study”、“to play”等。
它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等成分。
To see is to believe.（作主语和表语）I want to learn English.（作宾语）2.动名词形式上是动词原形加-ing，和现在分词的形式一样，如“swimming”、“reading”等。
动名词在句中主要起名词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
Swimming is my favorite sport.（作主语）I enjoy reading books.（作宾语）3.分词现在分词：也是动词原形加-ing，它既有动词特征，又有形容词和副词特征，可作定语、状语、表语和补足语。
The running boy is my brother.（作定语）Hearing the news, she couldn’t help crying.（作状语）过去分词：通常是动词原形加-ed（规则变化）或有其特殊的不规则变化形式，如“broken”、“written”等。
过去分词常表示被动或完成的意义，同样能充当定语、状语、表语和补足语等成分。
The broken cup is on the table.（作定语）Given more time, I can do it better.（作状语）二、用法区别1.作主语时不定式作主语常表示具体的某一次动作或行为，常用“It + be + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.”这样的结构，It is important for us to learn English well.动名词作主语往往表示抽象的、一般性的行为或概念。
非谓语动词做宾补
与其他非谓语动词作宾补的区别
不定式作宾补的用法
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含义及用法
不定式作宾补常与一些特定的及物动词连用，如 want，need，wish，expect，hope，promise等。
完形填空阅读理解来自考查非谓语动词对文章的理解和推理
总结词
在阅读理解中，非谓语动词通常作为长难句的一部分，要求考生理解句子意思并推理出非谓语动词的意思和作用。如“He sat there reading a newspaper.”中的“reading”为现在分词做伴随状语，表示他坐在那里同时也在读报纸。
过去分词作宾补强调的是状态或结果，而现在分词作宾补强调的是过程或方式。
与其他非谓语动词作宾补的区别
现在分词作宾补的用法
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现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行或主动关系。
常用于以下动词后，如：find, catch, notice, watch, hear, feel等。
含义及用法
VS
现在分词作宾补可用于“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”句型中，表示“主语正在做某事”。
有些动词后面只能接动词不定式作宾补，而不能使用其他非谓语动词，如 afford，agree，choose，claim等。
不定式作宾补强调的是动作或行为，而现在分词作宾补强调的是状态或过程。
现在分词作宾补时，主语和分词之间存在主谓关系，即主语是分词的动作执行者；而过去分词作宾补时，主语和分词之间存在动宾关系，即主语是不定式的动作对象。
xx年xx月xx日
非谓语动词讲解及练习(含答案)
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1． 动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。
例如：I saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生）
We all enjoy listening to music.(同时发生)
Do you remember meeting me there?（在谓语动词前发生）
动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如：
I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.
He made me angry by not taking the medicine.
动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如：
Would you mind my opening the door?
动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前，或在后。
例如：
4、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式
5、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式
第一节 知识点概述
一、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。
4．不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。
非谓语动词做宾语补足语课件
动词不定式做宾语补足语的用法
总结词
常见用法，表达目的、结果或动作的全过程。
详细描述
动词不定式在句子中作为宾语的补足语，常用于表达目的、结果或动作的全过 程。例如，在句子“I saw him go into the room”中，“go into the room”作为“saw”的补足语，补充说明了“他”的具体动作。
动名词做宾语补足语的用法
总结词
表达动作的进行或状态。
详细描述
动名词在句子中作为宾语的补足语，常用于表达动作的进行 或状态。例如，在句子“I enjoy playing basketball”中， “playing basketball”作为“enjoy”的补足语，表示“我 喜欢打篮球”。
分词做宾语补足语的用法
THANKS
感谢观看
总结词
表达动作的伴随或结果。
详细描述
分词在句子中作为宾语的补足语，常用于表达动作的伴随或结果。例如，在句子“I found him crying in the corner”中，“crying in the corner”作为“found”的补
足语，表示“我发现他在角落里哭”。
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非谓语动词做宾语补足语的注意事项
动词不定式做宾语补足语时，通常表示动作尚未发生或即将发生，与主语构成逻 辑上的主谓关系，表示将来的动作。例如，“I want to go home”中的“to go”表示“我想回家”的将来动作。
动名词做宾语补足语
表示动作正在进行或已经完成
动名词做宾语补足语时，通常表示动作正在进行或已经完成，与主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表示进 行中的动作。例如，“I enjoy playing basketball”中的“playing”表示“我喜欢打篮球”的正在 进行中的动作。
(完整版)非谓语动词作补语讲解及练习
非谓语作补语一．带to的不定式（to do ）作宾补的动词常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷)A. for me takingB. me takingC. for me to takeD. me to take2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷)A. don’t mak eB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷)A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do4. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (全国卷)A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating二. 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to在使役动词make, let, have后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。
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非谓语作补语一．带to的不定式（to do ）作宾补的动词常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷)A. for me takingB. me takingC. for me to takeD. me to take2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷)A. don’t mak eB. not makeC. not makingD. not to make3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷)A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not do4. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (全国卷)A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating二. 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to在使役动词make, let, have后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。
1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister.A. cry, to cryB. crying, cryingC. cry, cryD. to cry, cry2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (全国卷)A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning三．在感官动词后作宾补的非谓语动词形式感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice，observe 等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to)不定式(全过程)或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生)，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补1. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ up from childhood. (全国卷)A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow2. The missing boy were last seen ________ near the river. (全国卷)A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. (全国卷)A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out四．其宾语后可用分词或不定式的3个动词在want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式。
现分述如下：①want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。
I don’t wan t you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到。
(主动、否定句)I want the letter (to be) opened now. 我现在就想把这封信拆开。
(被动)②get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); get…doing使…开始做某事; get…done=have sth. done请人做/ 遭受(被动)。
如：I’ll try to get her ________ the doctor. (上海卷)A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. for seeing③have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/ 某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词)；have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。
1. He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his wa tch ________. (上海卷)A. to repairB. repairedC.repairingD. repair五．可用分词但不用to do作补语的5个动词Leave，keep, find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用to do。
在catch(撞见), smell(闻到), 等后通常只接现在分词作补语，不用不定式或过去分词。
1. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________ all night. (全国卷)A. to burnB. burntC. burningD. burned2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. (全国卷)A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked3. He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (安徽卷)A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting4. The salesman scolded the girl caught ________ and let her off. (全国卷)A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing5.Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷)A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run。
六．make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补make oneself understood / heard / seen / known让别人明白自己的意思/ 让自己讲的话被别人听到/ 让自己被别人看到/ 让自己被别人认识。
如：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________. (全国卷)A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard2. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music. (广西卷)A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard七．可用to be或to have done作补语的9个动词在表示“认为”的think, consider, believe, suppose, prove, find, understand, judge, imagine等动词后，可跟to be作补语(认为…是…)，一般不跟to do；但在think, consider, believe等之后可跟to have done作补语(认为…做了…)。
如：Charles Babage is generally considered ________ the first computer. (全国卷)A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having invented八．在be said / reported 等后用不定式在be said, be reported, be believed, be supposed, be thought等后面，以及要求接不定式。
1. He was reported to have broken the world record. 据报道他打破了世界纪录。
=It is reported that he has broken the world record.2. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (上海卷) A. causeB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have caused3. Robert is said ________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (全国卷)A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying九．在介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式在with的宾语后，若用过去分词，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或；若用现在分词，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；若用带to的不定式，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。