英译汉的层次(句子翻译)

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2．Though引导
•
• •
Though the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it in time.
虽然任务艰巨，他们还是设法及时完成 了。 He was old and poor, though he was happy. 他又老又穷，但过得却快活。
• 行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里 有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适 当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就 会发展到较高的水平。
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• 例2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服地在 家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。
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• 例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
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英语长句的翻译
一、英语长句的分析
一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语 言结构层次多。
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在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:
(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握 句子的结构。 (2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词 短语和从句的引导词。 (3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从 句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、 原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。 (4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (5) 注意插入语等其他成分。 (6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
• 发光的不都是金子。
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2. 翻译为独立的并列分句(保留或省 略先行词）
the death of your uncle.
• • He received the letter that announced 他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的 弟弟。
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特殊状语从句
1. 2. 3. 4. Before引导 Though引导 Because引导 Until 引导
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1. Before引导
Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 做先生之前，先做学生。 先做学生，再做先生。 Before I could say a single word, he ran away. 在我能说一句话之前，他跑掉了。 我连一句话也没来得及说他就跑了。
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二、长句的翻译方法
• (1) 顺序法
• 例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp
and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms airconditioned.
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• whether引导 eg: It isn’t much 【 whether he works】； the question is 【 whether he works at all 】. 他干多少并不重要，问题是他到底有没有干 。I wonder 【 whether he will come in such a bad day】. 我不知道在这样的天气里他 是不是能来 。 • that引导 eg: 【 That you have done such a stupid thing】 was incredible. 你竟然做这么傻的事情，（这）真叫人难以置信。
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• 5. He wishes to write an article that will attract
• 6. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came
状语从句
• • • • • 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 • • • • 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句 方式状语从句
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• There are something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that please them all. • 这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力， • 所以使所有人都很喜欢它。（果） • Those who are in favour please hold up their hands. • （凡）赞成的，请举手。(条件、假设) • She was very patient towards the children,
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定语从句
1. 翻译为前置定语
• This is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan. • 这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因。 • He is wisest who is honest. • 诚实的人最聪明。
• All is not gold that glitters.
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•
3．Because引导
I didn’t go because I was afraid。 我因为害怕没去。 我不是因为害怕才去的。 He cannot go to school because he is sick．
他因为生病不能上学。
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４．Until 引导
• • • • I didn‘t go back until 10 o’clock。 我直到10点才回去。 I waited for you until 10 o‘clock。 我等你等到十点为止。
•
在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。
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• 4. A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with
others or be absent-minded.
• 司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。 the public attention to the matter. • 为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。 out in all its splendor. • 太阳整天都躲在云层里，现在露面了，光芒四射。 • 7. He insisted buying another car, which he had no use for. • 他坚持再买一辆车，尽管没有这个必要。
which her husband seldom was.
• 她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。（转折）
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Assignments
• 1. He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. • 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 • 2. Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. • 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 • 3. In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
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• 3. 融合法
• There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. • 楼下有人要见你。 • There was 【a man who seems to have the
answers】, and that was Mr. Robert.
• 有一个人似乎胸有成竹，那就是罗伯特先生。
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4. 译成原因、结果、让步、目的、 条件状语从句
The thief who was about to escape was caught by the police. • 小偷要跑时，被警察抓住了。（时间） • We support the open trade system which is to the ultimate advantage of all. • 我们支持开放的贸易制度，（因为）它最 终对大家都有好处。（原因）
• 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为 我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调 机继续运转。
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• 例2. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities. • 到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把