[VIP专享]全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程5 TextA 汉译英 TextB 翻译 答案
2_全新版大学英语综合教程5课文原文及翻译

咱们吃素吧!如果有一件事,既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险,又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存,你做不做?我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。
一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来:他们决定不吃肉。
变化速度之快令人惊叹。
素食品的销售额大大增加,前所未有。
尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗,以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。
推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。
一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实:果蔬降低患慢性病的危险;肉类食品则增加这种危险。
美国饮食学协会指出,“科学资料表明,素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。
”去年秋天,在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后,世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出:“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。
”据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯·霍拉勃称,这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿(加)元。
肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷:它们不含纤维,含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇,甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。
牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。
肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。
据加拿大食品检验机构称,十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。
吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌,拿你的健康做赌资。
既然如此,政府为什么不采取任何措施?很遗憾,政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力,如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。
根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载,这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改。
这并不奇怪。
即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失。
健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由,但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑。
以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。
想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的5亿头牲畜所需的巨大资源。
[VIP专享]全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程5 TextA 汉译英 TextB 翻译 答案
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1.Although my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm.Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.马尔科姆·艾克斯因其在20世纪50年代和60年代捍卫美国黑人权利而出名。
他早年曾对读书失去兴趣,因为当时他最喜欢的一位老师告诉他,梦想成为律师"对黑鬼来说是不现实的"。
他步入了犯罪的歧途,最后被判长期监禁。
他不能再虚度光阴了。
狱中学习马尔科姆·艾克斯今天,许多在什么地方直接听我讲话的人,或在电视上听我讲话的人,或读过我写的东西的人,都会以为我上学远不止只读到8年级。
这一印象完全归之于我在监狱里的学习。
其实这事要从查尔斯顿监狱说起,一开始宾比就让我对他的知识渊博羡慕不已。
《全新版大学英语》第三册(综合教程第二版)课后练习答案(Unit 5)(1)

Unit 5 Giving ThanksText A Writing Three Thank-You LettersText Organizationl.Parte Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-9 On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at sea, the writer came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before.Part Two Paras 10-16 The writer wrote three thank-you letters to his father, the Rev. Nelson and his grandmother.Part Three Paras 17-23 The writer got three letters in reply.Part Four Paras 24-26 The writer wishes everyone to find the good and praise it. Correspondents Letters Sent Letters ReceivedFather Thanks him for teaching the writer from boyhood to love books and reading. Tells the writer how he, as a teacher and a father as well, felt content with his own son.The Rev. Nelson , Thanks him for his morningschool prayers. Ii Tells the writer about his retirement coupled with self-doubt, and there?assurance brought to him by the writer's letter.Grandmother Thanks her for teaching the writer how to tell the truth, to share and to be forgiving, and for her good cooking and her sprinkling the writer's life with Stardust. Expresses her loving gratefulness to her grandson.Language sense enhancement1. decades2. undergoing3. had done wrong4. welcome reassurance5. appreciated6. brought back7. relatives 8. accomplish9. consume 10. representingVocabularyI. 1. 1) sprinkled 2) in turn3) reversed 4) repay5) at sea 6) traditional7) statement 8) longed for9) in secret 10) unloaded11) weep 12) under way2. 1) stretch out 2) make out3) hope for 4) turns (it) over5) put away 6) brings back7) got to 8) go about3. 1) As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solarenergy.2) We accord high priority to meeting the challenges of economic and environmental development in the region.3) While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.4) Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history and culture.5) Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.4. 1) I'd like to express my sincere thanks to everyone who has been so considerate of my well-being. My heart is filled with gratitude that words cannot express.2) After everyone assembled on the playground amid the noise and excitement of the specta?tors, our coach again impressed on us the need to do our best in quest of excellence.3) Everything I saw in my hometown was marvelous. I could hardly believe that it had undergone such swift changes through cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and the rest in the past few years.II. Collocation1, fond of 2. sick of3. thoughtful of4. confident of5. conscious of6. critical of7. guilty of 8. ashamed of-III. Usage1. To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say.2. It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.3. Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.4. I think I'll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.5. Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1) at sea 2) Turning over3) reverse 4) got to5) repay 6) gratitude7) assembled 8)immersed in9) unloading 10) swift(B)1) instead 2) possessions3) richer 4) breath5) cherish 6) special7) specific 8) shining9) miracles 10) giftII. Translation1. 1) Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.2) I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.3) The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China.4) Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.5) Peter has worked in a law firm for many years. You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.2.Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying "Gratitude is the sign of noble souls" and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.。
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册 UNIT5

unit 5part i pre-reading tasklisten to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1.what happened to the singer2.what helped her pull through all the hardships she suffered3.what is the tone of the songpart iitext alook at the following two sayings and then see if the story of michael stone bears out the points they make.¡ª¡ª molierewhen it is dark enough, you can see the stars.¡ª¡ª charles a, beardtrue heightdavid nasterwhere he flew would always coincide with his mother's stories. wherever he flew was with a keen eye for detail and the free spirit of his mother's love. his dad, on the other hand, was not a dreamer. bert stone was a hardcore realist. he believed in hard work and sweat. his motto: if you want something, work for it! from the age of 14, michael did just that. he began a very careful training program. he worked out every other day with weightlifting, with some kind of running work on alternate days. the program was carefully monitored by michael's coach, trainer and father. michael's dedication, determination and discipline wasa coach's dream. besides being an honor student and only child, michael stone continued to help his parents with their farm chores. mildred stone, michael's mother, wished he could relax a bit more and be that "free dreaming" little boy.on one occasion she attempted to talk to him and his father about this, but hisdad quickly interrupted, smiled and said, "you want something, work for it!"when michael cleared the bar at 17 feet 2 inches and 17 feet 4 inches, again he showed no emotion. as he lay on his back and heard the crowd groan, he knew the other vaulter had missed his final jump. he knew it was time for his final jump. since the other vaulter had fewer misses, michael needed to clear this vault to win. a miss would get him second place. nothing to be ashamed of, but michaelwould not allow himself the thought of not winning first place.he rolled over and did his routine of three finger-tipped push-ups. he found his pole, stood and stepped on the runway that led to the most challenging event ofhis 17-year-old life.the runway felt different this time. it startled him for a brief moment. then itall hit him like a wet bale of hay. the bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. that's only one inch off the national record, he thought. the intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. he began shaking the tension. it wasn't working. he became more tense. why was this happening to him now, he thought. he began to get nervous. afraid would be a more accurate description.what was he going to do he had never experienced these feelings. then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. why now what was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this it was simple. his mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.so he did. along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his poleat his feet. he began to stretch out his arms and upper body. the light breezethat was once there was now gone. he carefully picked up his pole. he felt hisheart pounding. he was sure the crowd did, too. the silence was deafening. when he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly. as he began sprinting down the runway, something felt wonderfully different, yet familiar. the surface below him felt like the country road he used to dream about. visions of the golden wheat fields seemed to fill his thoughts. when he took a deep breath, it happened. he began to fly. his take-off was effortless. michael stone was now flying, just like in his childhood dreams. only this time he knew he wasn't dreaming. this was real. everything seemed to be moving in slow motion. the air around him was the purest and freshest he had ever sensed. michael was soaring like an eagle.with all the media attention and sponsorship possibilities, michael's life would never be the same again. it wasn't just because he won the national junior olympics and set a new world record. and it wasn't because he had just increased his personal best by 9 l/2 inches. it was simply because michael stone is blind. (1170 words)new words and expressionsbear outprove that (sth.) is true ֤ʵsweatvi. ³öº¹n. º¹Ë®toweln. ë½í£¬ÊÖ½ípole-vaultvi., n. ³Å¸ÍÌø¸ßvaultn. ³Å¸ÍÌø¸ß (=pole vault)£»³ÅÎïÌøÔ¾gracen. quality of being smooth and elegant, esp. in movement or structure ÓÅÃÀ£¬ÓÅÑÅ£»ÑÅÖÂgymnastn. Ìå²Ù¼Ò£¬Ìå²ÙÔ˶¯Ô±body buildern. ½¡ÃÀÔ˶¯Ô±merea.nothing more than ½ö½ö£¬Ö»²»¹ýfantasyn. »ÃÏënumerousa.very many Ðí¶àµÄ£¬ÎÞÊýµÄpassionn. strong feeling, esp. of love ÈÈÇédetailn. small, particular fact or item ϸ½Ú£¬ËöËéµÄÊÂrecur¡øoutrun (outran, outrun)vt. run faster or better than; go beyondÅܵñȡ¿ì£»ÅܵñȡºÃ£»³¬¹ýeaglen. Ó¥coincide¡øvi. happen at the same time; be in agreement ͬʱ·¢Éú£»Ò»ÖÂcoincide withÓë¡Í¬Ê±·¢Éú£»Óë¡Ò»ÖÂhard-corea.Íç¹Ì²»»¯µÄcoren. the most important part ºËÐÄrealistn. a person who deals in a practical way with situations as they actually are ÏÖʵÖ÷ÒåÕßmotton. ¸ñÑÔ£¬×ùÓÒÃúwork outgo through a physical exercise session ÌåÓý¶ÍÁ¶£¬ÑµÁ·weightliftingn. ¾ÙÖØ£¨Ô˶¯£©alteinate¡øa.every other or second; happening by turns ½»ÌæµÄ£»ÂÖÁ÷µÄcoachn. £¨ÌåÓýÔ˶¯µÄ£©½ÌÁ·dedicationn. giving oneself, time, effort, etc. (to sth.) ·îÏ×£¬Ï×Éídedicate¡øvt. Ï×ÉíÓÚ£¬ÖÂÁ¦ÓÚchoren. ¼ÒÍ¥ÔÓÎñrelaxon one/two/several occasion(s)ÓÐÒ»£¨Á½£¬¼¸£©´Îvaina.too pleased with one's own abilities or looks ÐéÈٵģ¬×Ô¸ºµÄbarn. ºá¸Ë£»Ìõ£»¿éinflatev. fill (sth.) with air £¨Ê¹£©³äÆø£¬£¨Ê¹£©ÅòÕÍmatn. µæ×Ó£»Ï¯×Ón. ¾ºÕùÕߣ¬¶ÔÊÖemotionn. Çé¸Ð£¬¸ÐÇépreparationn. the act or process of preparing ×¼±¸be ashamed offinger-tippeding or operated by the fingers ÓÃÊÖµÄpush-upn. (ame) ¸©ÎÔ³Årunwayn. ÅܵÀstartle¡øvt. give a sudden shock or surprise to ʹ´ó³ÔÒ»¾ªbalen. £¨Ò»£©´óÀ¦£¬£¨Ò»£©´ó°ühayn. ¸É²Ýintensityn. the state of being intense Ç¿ÁÒ¡¢¾çÁÒ£¬½ôÕÅanxietyn. a feeling of worry or fear ÓÇÂÇ£¬µ£ÐÄtensionn. worry or nervousness ½ôÕÅ£¬²»°²tensea.feeling worried or nervous; making people worried or nervous½ôÕŵģ»ÁîÈ˽ôÕŵÄalong withtogether with Á¬Í¬stretch outÉìÕ¹breezen. ΢·ç£¬Çá·çdeafenvt. make (sb.) unable to hear, esp. for a short time ʹÁûdeafa.unable to hear at all or to hear well ¶úÁûµÄsprintvi. run at one's fastest speed, esp. for a short distance ¼²ÅÜtake-offn. ÆðÌø£»£¨·É»ú£©Æð·Éeffortlessa.needing little or no effort ÈÝÒ׵쬲»·ÑÁ¦ÆøµÄeruptionn. ±¬·¢erupt¡ø vi.thumpn. (noise made by) a heavy blow ÖØ»÷£¨Éù£©bring (sb.) back to earthʹ»Øµ½ÏÖʵÖÐin one's mind's eyeÔÚÏëÏóÖÐcongratulatevt. ×£ºØmedian. ´óÖÚ´«²¥Ã½½ésponsorshipn. ×ÊÖú£»ÔÞÖúproper namesdavid naster´óÎÀ¡¤ÄÉÊ·ÌØthe olympics = olympic games °ÂÁÖÆ¥¿ËÔ˶¯»ámichaelÂõ¿Ë¶û£¨ÄÐ×ÓÃû£©bert²®ÌØ£¨ÄÐ×ÓÃû£¬albert, herbert, bertramµÄêdzƣ¬Òà×÷burt£©mildredÃ×¶ûµÂÀïµÂ£¨Å®×ÓÃû£©language sense enhancement1.read aloud paragraphs 9-10 and learn them by heart.2.read aloud the following poem written by the american deaf-blind writer andeducationist, helen keller (1880-1968).facing fatehelen kellersecurity is mostly a superstition.it does not exist in nature,nor do the children or men as a whole experience it.avoiding danger is no safer in the long runthan outright exposure.life is either a daring adventure, or nothing.to keep our faces toward change andbehave like free spiritsin the presence of fate is strength undefeatable.3.read the following quotations. learn them by heart if you can. you might needto look up new words in a dictionary.¡ª¡ª helen kellerno pain, no palm; no thorns, no throne; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown.¡ª¡ª william pennall rising to great place is by a winding stair.¡ª¡ªfrancis baconif we face our tasks with the resolution to solve them, who shall say that anything is impossible.¡ª¡ª wilfred grenfell4.read the following humorous story for fun. you might need to look up newwords in a dictionary." dear brother, how delightful to join you in prayer when only a moment ago i feared for my life," the missionary said." don't interrupt," said the lion, "i'm just saying grace."11111111。
全新版大学英语5(第二版)课文翻译

全新版大学英语5(第二版)课文翻译第一篇:全新版大学英语5(第二版)课文翻译Going for BrokeMatea Gold and David Ferrell 1 Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out.孤注一掷马泰娅·戈尔德戴维·费雷尔雷克斯·科勒好像生活在一个狭窄的箱子里,伸手不见五指,空间又狭小,他不知道自己是怎么陷进去的,也不知道自己还能不能走出来。
He never goes to the movies, never sees concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family.Instead, Rex shares floor space in cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage.He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring.Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.他从不看电影,从不听音乐会,从不躺在沙滩上晒太阳,从不在假日去旅游,从不和家人一起过圣诞节。
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程5第5单元课文翻译和课后部分答案

我们献上一篇《时代》杂志编辑们撰写的文章,以此开始审视全球气候变暖问题。
文章收集了取自美国和世界各地的证据,说明气候变化正在给我们带来的影响。
文章接着探讨了若这一趋势继续发展下去会产生的一些有害后果,以及气候变化的速度会急剧加快的可能性。
《时代》杂志编辑1你认为自己对全球气候变暖持怀疑态度?也许你并非住在墨西哥湾沿岸的佛罗里达州,也非住在阿拉斯加州的希什玛瑞夫。
居住在那些地区的人们普遍相信全球气候在变暖。
2004年佛罗里达遭受四次威力无比的飓风袭击,一年后卡特里娜飓风淹没了新奥尔良并重创密西西比州的沿海地区。
许多科学家认为,过去几个飓风季节的特大威力应归咎于全球气候变暖。
大风暴增加了墨西哥湾暖流的热量,那些纬度地区正在逐年变暖。
2 小镇希什玛瑞夫(人口600)是一个坐落在狭长形堰洲岛上说纽皮亚克语的爱斯基摩人村庄,位于安克雷奇以北625英里处。
当《时代》杂志记者玛戈特· 罗斯福于2004年走访该村庄时,她发现它正"融入海洋"。
它已失去100-300英尺海岸线——其中一半是自1997以来消失的。
海滩下面的永久冻土正在解冻,海洋里的冰正在变薄,使居民越来越容易受到强风暴的侵袭。
一所房屋倒塌了,另有十八所房屋连同小镇上大型燃料储存罐只得搬到高一点的地方。
巨大的海浪冲走了学校的操场,毁坏了价值100,000美元的船只、猎具和晒鱼架。
"太可怕了,"该村的官员露西·恩尼英格沃克告诉罗斯福。
"每年我们都万分担心下次风暴会把我们卷走。
"3 由于每年海洋结冰期延迟了,希什玛瑞夫过去通常在十月开始的冰下捕鱼季节现在十二月才开始。
浆果采摘从七月开始,而不是原来的八月。
最让纽皮亚克人苦恼的是薄冰使捕髯海豹变得很困难,而髯海豹是他们日常吃的主食, 也是他们文化中的一种主要元素。
4 发生什么情况了?由于工厂和汽车烧石油和煤气而部分地导致的全球气候变暖,不仅使墨西哥湾遭受创伤,而且殃及极地,与雪、永久冻土和冰关联的复杂的气象变化过程加大了气候变暖给极地带来的影响。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程5-Unit-6课后答案及课文翻译

全新版⼤学英语(第⼆版)综合教程5-Unit-6课后答案及课⽂翻译Unit6 Grant and Lee格兰特和李1865年4⽉9⽇,当尤利西兹·S·格兰特和罗伯特·E·李在弗吉尼亚州阿珀马特科斯县城⼀所不太⼤的房⼦的客厅⾥会⾯,商讨李所率的北弗吉尼亚军队投降条件时,美国⼈⽣活中⼀个伟⼤的篇章结束了,⼀个崭新的重要篇章开始了。
此⼆⼈是在实质上终⽌内战。
诚然,其他军队尚未投降,已失去主要⽀柱的逃亡的邦联政府仍将绝望地徒然挣扎数⽇,想法寻觅⽣机。
其实,在格兰特和李签署⽂件之时,⼀切都已结束。
他们拟定投降条件时⽤的那间⼩客厅成了见证美国史上强烈的戏剧性对照的场所。
这两位截然不同的将军都是强有⼒的⼈物,他们代表着两股相互冲突的⼒量的潮流,那两股潮流通过他们最终发⽣碰撞。
罗伯特·E·李所仰仗的信念是,古⽼的贵族观念或许能以某种⽅式继续存在下去,并左右美国⼈的⽣活。
李是弗吉尼亚州沿海低地⼈⽒,他的⽣活背景是家庭、⽂化、传统……,是被移植到这个正在形成⾃⾝的传说与神话的新世界的骑⼠时代。
他体现了从骑⼠和英格兰乡绅时代流传下来的⼀种⽣活⽅式。
美国是个⼀切从头开始的国度,信奉的只不过是⼀种颇为模糊的信念,即⼈⼈拥有平等的权利,在世间应有平等的机会,如此⽽已。
在这样⼀个国度⾥,李代表着这样⼀种情感,即社会结构中保留⼀种明显的不平等多少有利于⼈类社会。
理应存在⼀个拥有⼟地的有闲阶级;反过来,社会本⾝应以⼟地为本,视其为财富与势⼒的主要来源。
(根据这⼀理想)这样⼀个社会会造就⼀个对社会有着强烈责任感的阶级,他们不是为⾃⼰获利活着,⽽是为了承担⾃⼰的特权所赋予的重⼤责任活着。
国家从他们中觅得领导⼈员;国家可依靠他们产⽣更加⾼尚的价值观念——思想⽅⾯的,⾏为⽅⾯的,个⼈风度⽅⾯的—以求国兴德盛。
李体现了这⼀贵族理想的最⾼尚的部分。
拥有⼟地的贵族通过他获得存在的理由。
全新版大学英语综合教程5课文翻译

Unit 3PartⅡTextA The Truth About Lying关于说谎的真相朱迪斯?维奥斯特我一直想写一个令我深感兴趣的话题:关于说谎的问题。
我觉得这个题目很难写。
所有我交谈过的人都对什么事情可以说谎——什么事情绝对不可以说谎——持有强烈的、常常不容别人分说的个人意见。
最后我得出结论,我不能下任何定论,因为这样做就会有太多的人立即反对。
我想我还是提出若干都与说谎有关的道义上的难题吧。
我将向读者阐明我对这些难题的个人看法。
你们觉得对吗?社交性谎言和我交谈过的大多数人都说,他们认为旨在促进社会交际的谎言是可以接受的,也是必要的。
他们认为这是一种文明的行为。
他们说,要不是这类无关紧要的谎言,人与人之间的关系就会变得粗野不快,无法持久。
他们说,如果你要做到十二分正直、十二分无畏,不由自主地用你的诚实使他人陷入不必要的窘境或痛苦之中,这只能说你是傲慢自大。
对此,我基本赞同。
你呢?你会不会跟人说:“我喜欢你的新发型,”“你气色好多了,”“见到你真高兴,”“我玩得很尽兴,”而实际上根本不是这么回事儿?你会不会对令人憎厌的礼物,或相貌平平的孩子称赞有加?你婉辞邀请时会不会说“那天晚上我们正好没空——真对不起,我们不能来,”而实际上你是宁肯呆在家里也不想跟某某夫妇一起进餐?虽然像我那样,你也想用“太丰盛了”这种委婉的托辞,而不是盛赞“那汤味道好极了”(其实味同重新热过的咖啡),但如果你必须赞美那汤,你会说它鲜美吗?我认识一个人,他完全拒绝说这类社交性谎言。
“我不会那一套,”他说,“我生来就不会那一套。
”讲到对人家说几句好听的话并不失去什么,他的回答是:“不对,当然有损失——那会损害你的诚信度。
”因此你不问他,他不会对你刚买来的画发表意见,但除非你想听老实话,否则你也不会去问他的真实想法。
当我们这些说谎者轻声称赞着“多美啊”的时候,他的沉默往往是极能说明问题的。
我的这位朋友从来不讲他所说的“奉承话、虚假的赞美话和动听话”。
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1.Although my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm.Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.马尔科姆·艾克斯因其在20世纪50年代和60年代捍卫美国黑人权利而出名。
他早年曾对读书失去兴趣,因为当时他最喜欢的一位老师告诉他,梦想成为律师"对黑鬼来说是不现实的"。
他步入了犯罪的歧途,最后被判长期监禁。
他不能再虚度光阴了。
狱中学习马尔科姆·艾克斯今天,许多在什么地方直接听我讲话的人,或在电视上听我讲话的人,或读过我写的东西的人,都会以为我上学远不止只读到8年级。
这一印象完全归之于我在监狱里的学习。
其实这事要从查尔斯顿监狱说起,一开始宾比就让我对他的知识渊博羡慕不已。
宾比总是主宰谈话话题,我总想效仿他。
可是,我随便打开一本书,几乎没有一个句子不是少则一两个字,多则差不多所有的字都不认识。
我只好跳过这些字,结果自然是对书上说的几乎一无所知了。
因此,我被解送到诺福克拘留所时,读书还只是为了摆摆样子而已。
要不是我真的获得了学习动力,我恐怕没多久就会连读书的样子也懒得去摆了。
我认识到,最要紧的是得到一本字典好认字学字。
幸好我还认识到得好好练习写字。
说来悲伤,我写字都不能写得齐整成行。
这两个想法促使我向诺福克拘留所学校要了字典,还有本子和笔。
整整两天,我把字典一页页翻了个遍,不知该怎么学。
我压根儿没想过会有那么多字。
我不知道自己需要学哪些字。
最后,总得有所行动吧,我便开始抄写。
我写字又慢又费劲,而且歪歪斜斜,但我在本子上抄写下了第一页上包括标点在内的所有印刷符号。
记得我抄写了一天。
然后,我把本子上抄写下的所有字大声朗读给自己听。
一遍又一遍,我大声朗读自己抄写的字。
我第二天早上醒来,仍想着那些字——想到自己不仅一次写了那么多字,而且还写了以前根本不认识的字,不由得深感自豪。
更何况,略加回想,我还能记住其中许多字的意思。
没记住的字我都复习了一遍。
有趣的是,此时此刻,那本字典第一页上"aardvark"这个字跃入了我的脑海。
字典上有一幅画它的插图,那是一种长尾巴长耳朵会掘洞的非洲哺乳动物,像食蚁兽捕食蚂蚁那样伸出舌头捕食白蚁。
我完全着迷了,于是继续抄——我又抄写了字典的第二页。
我学这一页上的字时体验到了同样的感受。
每学一页字,我还学到了一点有关人物、地方和历史事件的知识。
字典实际上就像是一部小型百科全书。
最后,字典上A那部分字的条目抄满了整整一个本子——接着我抄写B字部。
我就是这样开始抄写的,最后抄完了整本字典。
大量的抄写帮助我提高了书写速度,以后抄写起来就快了许多。
从在本子上抄写,到后来在那段余下的服刑时间里写信,我估计自己在监狱里写了一百万字。
想来也是自然而然的,随着词汇的增加,我第一次能够拿起一本书读下去,开始明白书上说的是什么。
任何阅读广泛的人都想象得出在我面前展现的崭新世界。
我不妨告诉你:从那时起,直到我离开那座监狱,在任何可以自由支配的时间里,我不是在图书室里,就是在自己的铺位上看书。
真的是手不释卷。
我的日常活动就是听穆罕默德先生传道,写写信,会会客——来探视的一般都是埃拉和雷金纳德——加上读书,几个月一晃而过,我甚至没想过自己是在坐牢。
事实上,在这之前,我从来没觉得自己是如此自由。
诺福克拘留所的图书室在教学楼里。
来自哈佛大学、波士顿大学等等院校的教员教授不同的课程。
每周还在教学楼里举行囚犯间的辩论会。
想必你听了会大吃一惊,那些囚犯辩手和听众会对诸如"该不该给婴儿喂牛奶"这类辩题争得面红耳赤。
拘留所图书室架子上书的种类几乎包罗万象。
帕克赫斯特遗赠给拘留所的为数可观的私人藏书中的大多数仍在图书室的板箱及盒子里搁着——成千上万本旧书。
有些看上去年代久远:封面褪了色,像是用旧式的羊皮纸装订的。
我刚才说过,帕克赫斯特的兴趣似乎主要在历史和宗教方面。
他有财力,有与众不同的兴趣,得以收藏了许多外面一般见不到的书。
任何一家大学图书馆若能得到这批收藏,都不失为一桩幸事。
你可以想象,在一座着重强调改造罪犯的监狱里,一个囚犯要是表现出对书本不同寻常的强烈兴趣,自然会大受赞许。
囚犯中有不少人读过许多书,尤其是那些最受欢迎的辩手。
在不少人看来,有些简直称得上是活的百科全书。
他们差不多就是名人。
我能读书能读懂了,一个崭新的世界展现在我的面前;那时,我那么贪婪地阅读文学作品,没有一所大学能让其学生这么做。
我在自己囚室里读书比在图书室里更快。
爱读书的囚犯可以借走超出最大规定数量的图书。
我更喜欢独自一人在自己囚室里读书。
当我水平提高到能阅读真正的严肃读物之后,每天晚上10点左右听到喊"熄灯",我就非常气恼。
似乎每次都是在我读得最入神的时候喊"熄灯"。
幸好我门外正好有个过道灯,囚室透进一点灯光。
眼睛适应后,那光线看书还可凑和。
于是喊过"熄灯"后,我就坐在地板上借着微光继续阅读。
夜班看守每隔一小时在各个囚室外巡查。
每次听到脚步声走近,我就跳到床上装睡。
等看守一走,我就下床,回到照到灯光的地板上,再读上58分钟——直到看守又来巡查。
这样一直持续到每天凌晨三四点钟。
我晚上睡3、4个小时就够了。
在流浪街头的岁月里,我常常睡得还要少... 我常常思忆阅读为我打开的新天地。
还在狱中时,我就认识到阅读已经不可逆转地改变了自己的人生历程。
今天想来,阅读唤醒了自己内心蛰伏已久的对精神生活的渴望。
当然我不是想追求什么学位,像大学授予学生学位那样。
我的自学经历使我每读一本书,就加深一点对美国黑人深受其苦的那种聋、哑、盲的认识。
不久前,一位英国作家从伦敦打来电话问了一些问题。
其中一个是:"你曾在哪所学校就读?"我回答说,"书本。
"你不会看到我有一刻钟空闲着,而不去用来学习我觉得对黑人或许有所帮助的知识。
每次坐飞机,我都随身携带一本要读的书——到今天已读了不少书。
要不是我每天都出来跟白人做斗争,我会在余生把时间都花在读书上,仅仅是为了满足自己的好奇心——因为你几乎说不出有什么东西是我不感到好奇的。
我想没有人像我那样在狱中获得如此多的裨益。
事实上,监禁使我得以一心读书,如果我有着不同的人生历程,如果我上过大学,我未必能如此专心致志。
我想,大学生活最大的弊端之一在于分心的事太多,"抢短衬裤"闹个没完,联谊会活动太频繁,种种胡闹,不一而足。
除了监狱,还有什么地方我能有时一天专心攻读15小时之多,借以攻克自己的无知?2.Study after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid, which encourages a minimum of three vegetable and two fruit servings per day. However, many Americans still don't meet / listen to these recommendations.本单元第一篇文章阐明了素食者反对食肉的理由。
读者诸君中若有人仍想无所顾虑地吃肉,就请来看看肉食者的回答。
牛肉在哪里?阿伦·赫兹克维西随夏日而来的是北美传统习俗中最美妙的一件事,后院烤肉餐。
刚下烤架的牛排、香肠、鸡肉、鱼肉鲜美无比,引来了亲朋好友、左邻右舍,大家一起欢宴。
不用说,在如今这个讲求政治正确的时代,聊着聊着就可能聊到我们究竟该不该吃肉的问题。
以下的指南想必会帮助你捱过等待汉堡牛排烤熟的那段时间。
出于人们往往考虑自身利益这一点,那些劝人茹素的素食者通常一开口就声称"肉食有害健康"。
然而,他们难以解释,为什么本世纪动物源性食品日益普及,人们的健康水平和寿命却持续上升。
事实上,肉类富含12种人体必需的营养成分,其中包括蛋白质、铁、锌和各种维生素B。
不错,过多的脂肪有害健康,但如今的肉都是瘦肉。
以同样大小的一份计,豆腐比一块后腿部牛排的脂肪含量多,而蛋白质含量仅是其一半。
(何况豆腐会把烤架弄得一团糟。
)除了某些宗教派别,很少有人自愿吃素。
素食主义往往是贫穷的不幸产物。
然而,那伙吃素的还说什么"人类并非天生的肉食者"。
相比那些猫科动物及其他纯食肉动物,我们的牙齿不够锋利,我们的肠道又过长。