语法(非谓语动词)
英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用
英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用在英语语法中，非谓语动词是指在句子中不能独立充当谓语，而是通过与其他词语搭配来发挥作用的动词形式。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
本文将对这三种非谓语动词进行详细的讲解，帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、动词不定式1.定义和形式：动词不定式是由动词原形加上"to"构成的形式，表示不完整的动作或状态。
例如：to eat, to dance。
2.用途和功能：（1）作主语：动词不定式可以作为句子的主语，常放在句首。
例如：To learn a new language is challenging.（2）作宾语：动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语，表示动作的目的或意图。
例如：I want to learn English.（3）作表语：动词不定式可以作为系动词的表语，表示身份、偏好、目的等。
例如：Her dream is to become a doctor.（4）作定语：动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词，起到进一步说明或限定的作用。
例如：The best way to improve English is to practice more.（5）作状语：动词不定式可以表示时间、目的、方式等状语的作用。
例如：I went to the park to relax.3.特殊用法：（1）省略to：在某些情况下，不定式的to可以省略，例如在助动词let、make、help等后面。
例如：Let me go.（2）动词不定式的时态：动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但可以根据不同的时间来使用不同的时态。
例如：I want to go shopping.（现在时态）I wanted to go shopping.（过去时态）二、动名词1.定义和形式：动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的形式，可以作为名词使用。
例如：swimming, running。
2.用途和功能：（1）作主语：动名词可以作为句子的主语，常放在句首。
英语的非谓语动词语法
英语的非谓语动词语法非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。
动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
接下来，小编给大家准备了英语的非谓语动词语法,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语的非谓语动词语法Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：3) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。
(teaches 动词作谓语)Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)4) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用单数第三人称形式)Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天没什么事要做。
(do 用原形)非谓语动词的特征：3 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.学习英语是我的爱好。
(studying 后跟宾语)To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。
(help 后跟宾语)4 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
英语语法：非谓语动词用法
【导语】⾮谓语动词，⼜叫⾮限定动词，⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的⾮谓语形式。
⾮谓语动词除了不能独⽴作谓语外，可以承担句⼦的其他成分。
⽆忧考整理了⾮谓语动词⽤法，快来看看吧！希望能帮助到你~更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考！ 概述 在⼤学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中，年年必考的⼀项语法就是⾮谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）。
⾮谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。
其特点是： 1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句⼦成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"⾮谓语动词"的原因。
2．它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进⾏态和完成态。
3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。
但不管起什么作⽤，它们都具有动词的功能，但⽆语法上的动词性质，这⼀点可以通过它们不受主语的⼈称和数的限制体现出来。
4．分词起形容词和副词作⽤，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语。
它也不受主语⼈称和数的限制。
不定式 1．结构 不定式的主动态是to do，其否定式是not to do，被动态是to be done，进⾏态是to be doing，完成态是to have done. 例：1996年6⽉四级第24题 Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A） has left B） is to leave C） leaves D） is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思："78岁的丹尼斯爵⼠已经向众⼈宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家".收藏品是"被留给国家"，因此需要⼀个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D） is to be left. 2．不定式做主语 例：1995年1⽉四级第55题 It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A） to be paid more than a month later B） to be paid later than more a month C） to pay later than a month more D） to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。
英语语法：非谓语动词
非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词。
主要包括不定式（to do）、动名词（v.-ing）和分词（现在分词-ing和过去分词-ing）三种形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
在非谓语动词前加not，never，即not / never to do，not / never doing。
二、非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词的做题步骤：1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
基本原则：不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
不定式作状语：1.目的状语：如果强调目的性，不定式前还可以加“in order”或“so as”，构成“in order to do”（句中/句首）或“so as to do”（句中）结构，并且之前不能用逗号隔开。
Eg. You work hard in order to entrance the college.Take down the number so as not to forget it.2.结果状语：常用句式：so…as to，such…as to，…enough to，only to（表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果），too…to等。
Eg. I hurried back only to find that her mother had left.3.主动表被动：在“主语+系动词+表语（adj.）+to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，这时，需用不定式的主动形式表被动意思。
非谓语动词讲解语法
非谓语动词讲解语法非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语，而作其他成分的动词形式。
包括动词的不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式1. 不定式的构成方法在英语中，不定式由动词原形前加上“to”构成，构成形式为“to + 动词原形”。
2. 不定式的用途（1）作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy.（2）作宾语：I like to swim in the sea.（3）作宾语补足语：She helped him to solve the problem.（4）作定语：I have a lot of books to read.（5）作状语：He went to the supermarket to buy some food.3. 不定式的否定形式将“to”和动词原形之间加上“not”构成否定形式。
二、动名词1. 动名词的构成方法在英语中，动名词由动词原形加上“-ing”构成。
2. 动名词的用途（1）作主语：Swimming is good for your health.（2）作宾语：She enjoys reading books.（3）作宾语补足语：I saw him walking along the street.（4）作定语：I have a running nose.（5）作状语：He studied for the exam, listening to music at the same time.3. 动名词的否定形式将动名词前加上“not”构成否定形式。
三、分词1. 分词的构成方法（1）现在分词：在动词原形后加上“-ing”构成，作形容词用。
（2）过去分词：大多数动词加上“-ed”构成，作形容词用。
2. 分词的用途（1）现在分词作定语：The running water is clear.（2）过去分词作定语：The broken vase cannot be repaired. （3）现在分词作状语：He fell asleep, snoring loudly.3. 分词短语由分词的形式与“be”动词、情态动词等构成的短语。
语法讲座 (非谓语动词)
二、定义 在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式， 叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词 的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、 表语、补语、定语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对 的概念。 三、形式与功能
名称 形式 功 能 起名词、形容词、副词的作用，在句中 to do 可作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、 状语。
⑹ 作状语 ①表原因 I was very glad to be invited. I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity. ②表目的 I had to shout to be heard. In order to get a good seat, she arrived early. I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her. ③表结果 He searched the room only to find nothing. The case was too heavy to be carried by a child. ④表条件 To hear her talk, you’d think she was made of money. You would make a great mistake to accept his advice. ⑤表方式 He opened his mouth as if to say something.
不定式
动名词
起名词的作用，在句中可作主语、宾语、 doing 表语、定语。
现在分词与 doing 起形容词、副词的作用，在句中可作表 过去分词 / done 语、补语、定语、状语。
全)英语语法--非谓语动词
英语语法――非谓语动词第一部分：动词-ing形式（现在分词和动名词）1.动词-ing形式的构成：动词-ing形式是由动词原形词尾加-ing构成。
动词-ing形式同样有时态和语态变化，通常有下表几种Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。
2。
动词-ing形式的一般式和完成式：一般式(doing)表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作，特别要注意对同时性的理解；完成式(having done)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如：eg. Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
3. 动词-ing形式的被动式：动词-ing形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing动作的承受者。
根据V-ing动作发生的时间，V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如：eg. The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
非谓语动词语法整理
实用文档Non-finite Verbs 非谓语动词（英语八班王晴怡）一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式的含义1）to do：表示要做或去做，表个别行为，表目的；2）doing：做了，经常做，用来做，或一般行为（动名词）。
表主动含义“正在做”，形容词化翻译成“令人…的”（现在分词）；3）done： 表示被动含义“被做”或“已做”“已被做”，形容词化后翻译成“(某人)感到…的”或“被…的”或“已…的”（表语、定语、状语）。
二、非谓语动词的各种变形一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been doneing 形式主动 被动doing being donehaving donehaving been done过去分词 被动done动名词与现在分词的区别主要是： 1. 动名词充当主语，宾语，和同位语。
现在分词充当状语和补语。
两者都可以做定语，但 是意义不同。
作定语时，动名词说明被修饰的名词的用途；现在分词说明名词的动作，即它和名词在逻辑 上有主谓关系。
a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢，即一个用于睡觉的车 （sleeping 为动名词表用途 ） a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子，即一个正在睡觉的孩子 （sleeping 为现在分词表正在进行的动作 ） 2.动名词具有名词的性质。
现在分词则没有。
①动名词和名词一样有 a, the, my, this, Tom’s, the, some, much, a lot of 等词语 修饰： I usually do some cleaning on Sunday. 我通常在周日打扫卫生。
Do you do much fishing? 你常常钓鱼吗？ He showed me a picture of his own painting. 他拿出来他自己绘画的一张照片给我看。
英语语法之非谓语动词
英语语法之非谓语动词非谓语动词，顾名思义就是在句子中不能充当谓语的动词，但是，可以充当发句子的其他成分，也有时态和语态的变化。
这类动词包括不定式（to do），动词的-ing形式（分为动名词和动词的现在分词两种形式，书写形式都是doing）和过去分词（done）。
1. 做主语不定式和动名词形式都可以做主语，但过去分词不可以。
如：To do such thing is foolish. Seeing is believing.在这一用法中，需要注意的是：1）动名词可做主语，但动词现在分词不可以做主语。
2）不定式和动名词做主语时，谓语动词要用三单。
3）不定式做主语时，如主语长，为了避免头重脚轻，往往用it 做形式主语，把真正的不定式主语放在句子后头。
2. 做表语非谓语动词的这三种形式都可以用作表语。
如：Her job is to clean the hall. Her job is cleaning the hall. His good day is gone. 过去分词做表语时，要注意和句子的被动语态区分。
过去分词做表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态强调动作。
例如：The glass is broken. Broken做句子的表语，表示玻璃杯的状态。
The glass is broken by me.这个句子属于被动语态，强调动作“被打碎了”。
3. 做定语不定式，动词的ing形式，过去分词都可以做定语，但所表示的意义并不相同。
例如:I have a lot of work to do. She is a sleeping beauty. He takes sleeping pills every day. The stolen book is as same as his.1）不定式做定语表示将来的动作。
例句中的不定式表明将要做的工作还有很多。
2）动名词做定语时，表示作用和用途，如例句中的“sleeping pill”, pill的作用是to sleep。
非谓语动词语法讲解
单击此处可添加副标题
I prefer to stay at home today．(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling．(惯常行为) 一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.
作 定 语
作 状 语
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，只能用作状语.
ed as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you. 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,
▲B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”（多为及物动词）
The platform having been built will be used to perform on. × 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. √ The platform which has been built will be used to perform on. √ 2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing.
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部分倒装
Observation(观察) Little do I know about your life. By no means will I agree to help them. Never shall I do this again. At no time can you say “no” to the order. Little do I dream I would see you here.
He has been to Beijing. So have I. Jack can not answer the question. Neither can I.
He has been to Beijing. So have I. 我也去过。 So he has. 是的，他确实去过。
注意
“So + 主语 + be(have,助动词或情态动词)” 表示对前面所说的话加以肯定，译为“的确如 此”； ---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
3. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时, 也常引起全部倒装。
South of the city lies a big steel factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. Under the tree stands a little boy.
于句首, 则句子部分倒装。
So difficult a problem is it that I
can’t work it out.
Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.
Observation
Had you reviewed your lessons,you Had you reviewed your lessons If you had reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination might have passed the examination.
1. You forgot your purse when you went out. - Good heavens, _______. A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
2.His uncle is a worker and likes swimming.___ A. So is his aunt B. So has his aunt C. So his aunt does D. So it is with his aunt
2. ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him. A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped
1.含有否定意义的词或词组never, not , not until ,not only, rarely(少), few, little, seldom(很少),neither, nor, by no means, at no time ，hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…
2___, he knows a lot about space and satellite. A. A child as he is B. As he is a child C. Child although D. Child though he is
5. 在 so / such that 的结构中, 若so置
4. as / though引导的让步从句必须将表 语或状语提前，结构为：形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语。 Pretty as she is, she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
Money as they had, they don’t know how
than ,等位于句首时, 其后面的主谓用部分倒装
语序。
1. Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it. 2. Not only you but also I am fond of music.
通常用come, go, run, rush, fly等。
As soon as the door opened, out rushed the students. Up jumped the boys with joy at the news that their team won. Away they went in a hurry. Off he fell the ladder, having his left arm broken.
Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes our turn.
注意： Here it is. In he comes.
名词
代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。
２. 以表示运动方位的副词up, down, out, in, off, away, back等开头的句子，谓语
注意
1.只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才
在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not
only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装 结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 2. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
trouble I was in . 3. Only yesterday did he realize what had happened. 4. Only LiHua came to school late this morning.
注意
only强调主语时不倒装.
3.以so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示谓语所述的 情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物。 so用于肯定句，表示 “也一样”、“也这样”； nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这 样”，句子要部分倒装。
Here came the headmaster.
部分倒装 partial inversion
助动词auxiliary/情态动词modal verb
+ subject + v +… Nerve will I forgive you.
全部倒装
1.以地点副词here, there以及时间副词 now, then开头的句子，谓语动词多为be, come, go, begin, follow 时。
Grammar
Inversion
语法精解
1. 倒装 Inversions
英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前, 谓语 在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前, 就叫 倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之 前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之ion
predicate + subject
巩固练习: 1. ---- Here ____! Where is Xiao Liu? ---- There ____. A. comes the bus, is he B. comes the bus, he is C. the bus comes, is he D. the bus comes, he is
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不 倒装。
Observation (观察)
2. only放在句首，且修饰状语（副词、介词短 语或状语从句）时，用部分倒装。
1.Only in this way can you master English well.
2. Only when he told me did I realize what
6. If引导的虚拟条件从句，当虚拟条件从句的
引导词if省略，且从句中的谓语含有should, had, were时，其主谓用部分倒装语序。
注意：主句的主谓不倒装。
高考链接
Dear Sir/Madam, I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university. I'm writing to ask for help. I came here last month. Hard as I tried, I found my courses difficult __________________________________________________ ( 虽然我很努力，但我觉得我的课程很难) . But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library. I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I'm anxious to get help from you. I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons. Please let me know which day is OK with you. You may email or phone me. Here are my address and telephone number (以下是我的联系 ______________________________________ 方式): lihua@; 12345678. I believe Only with your help, can I finish my career successfully ______________________________________________________ ( 只有在您的帮助下，我才能顺利完成学业) Look forward to your reply.