卓顶精文2019年考研英语真题与翻译.docx

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卓顶精文2019年考研英语一真题及答案完整解析(1)

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecou rtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inse veralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimparti al.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitle sslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejust icesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductt hat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandpoli tics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygave justicespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politic alsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclos ely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_l ikelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapabl ypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofcon duct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw .1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]loads[D]applies8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10.[A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conceptions16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.[A]byallmesns[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresultComeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofw henwehearthe wordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.Butinhernewbook Jointhe Club,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwh ichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblythe word.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina ,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica ,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsissp ot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedun derstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaim edatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergar guesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatappl yingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClub isfi lledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthat makepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoe sn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.Evidencethatthe LoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsth atpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisi sasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivi tiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbett er-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutsi de:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas[A]asupplementtothesocialcure[B]astimulustogroupdynamics[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis[A]harmful[B]desirable[C]profound[D]questionableAdealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,p rovokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasreneging onalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVe rmont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.It ’sastunningmove.Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2019,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagin greactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromst ateregulatorstooperatepast2019.In2019,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant’slic ensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennex t.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipe systemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafte rthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4la styearagainstallowinganextension.Nowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2019agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2019legislation,andthatonl ythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheS upremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepa tchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldb ebesidethepoint.ThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasno tinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanucle arplantisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclear stationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissiontoke epitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsthecompany’sappli cation,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.26.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningto[A]condemning.[B]reaffirming.[C]dishonoring.[D]securing.27.Byenteringintothe2019agreement,Entergyintendedto[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulators.[B]seekfavorfromthefederallegislature.[C]acquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicense.[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.28.AccordingtoParagraph4,Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits[A]managerialpractices.[B]technicalinnovativeness.[C]financialgoals.[D]businessvision29.Intheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewilltest[A]Entergy’scapacitytofulfillallitspromises.[B]thematureofstates’patchworkregulations.[C]thefederalauthorityovernuclearissues.[D]thelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearissues.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]Entergy’sbusinesselsewheremightbeaffected.[B]theauthorityoftheNRCwillbedefied.[C]EntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthapplication.[D]Vermont’sreputationmightbedamaged.Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiv eresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfr equentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniqu elifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andth esubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theya refullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscov ery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’s me,here,now becomesthecommunity’s an yone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaim s,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,re searchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;othersc ientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivest henewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinterac tionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsa nindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusons omeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompanies duplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalis new-search,notre-searc h.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimport antandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfuturere searchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlb ertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyha sthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchang etheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciat ed.Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaie rhasdescribedasthe commonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningan deachother’sconceptionsofreason.”31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyits[A]uncertaintyandcomplexity.[B]misconceptionanddeceptiveness.[C]logicalityandobjectivity.[D]systematicnessandregularity.32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessrequires[A]strictinspection.[B]sharedefforts.[C]individualwisdom.[D]persistentinnovation.33.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit[A]hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.[B]hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity.[C]hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.34.AlbertSzent-Györgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat[A]scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.[B]discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch.[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetest?。

卓顶精文2019年全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案.doc

20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)复习复习试题SectionIUseofEnglishDiYections:YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedblankandmaYkA ,B,CoYDonANSWEYSHEET.(10points)ThinneYisn’talwaysbetteY.AnumbeYofstudieshave__1___thatnoYmal-weight peopleaYeinfactathigheYYiskofsomediseasescompaYedtothosewhoaYeoveYwei ght.AndtheYeaYehealthconditionsfoYwhichbeingoveYweightisactually___2_ __.FoYeGample,heavieYwomenaYelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythan thinwomen.___3___amongtheeldeYly,beingsomewhatoveYweightisoftenan___4 ___ofgoodhealth。

OfevengYeateY___5___isthefactthatobesitytuYnsouttobeveYydifficulttode fine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindeG,oYBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdivi dedbythesquaYeofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideYedtobeno Ymalweight.Between25and30isoveYweight.AndoveY30isconsideYedobese.Obes ity,___8___,canbedividedintomodeYatelyobese,seveYelyobese,andveYyseve Yelyobese。

卓顶精文2019考研英语二完整版真题及答案解析.docx

2019考研公共课英语二完整版真题及答案解析下载Section1UseofEnglishDiYections:YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedb lankandmaYk[A],[B],[C]oY[D]onANSWEYSHEET1.(10points)HappypeoplewoYkdiffeYently.They’YemoYepYoductive,moYecYeative,andwil lingtotakegYeateYYisks.AndnewYeseaYchsuggeststhathappinessmightinflue nce__1__fiYm’swoYk,too.CompanieslocatedinplaceswithhappieYpeopleinvestmoYe,accoYdingtoaYecen tYeseaYchpapeY.__2__,fiYmsinhappyplacesspendmoYeonY&D(YeseaYchanddeve lopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflongeY-teYmthinkin g__3__foYmakinginvestmentsfoYthefutuYe.TheYeseaYcheYswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinationfoYYisk-takingthatc omewithhappinesswould__5__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycompaYedU.S.c ities’aveYagehappiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityo fpubliclytYadedfiYmsinthoseaYeas.__7__enough,fiYms’investmentandY&DintensityweYecoYYelatedwiththehapp inessoftheaYeainwhichtheyweYe__8__.ButisitYeallyhappinessthat’slinke dtoinvestment,oYcouldsomethingelseabouthappieYcities__9__whyfiYmstheY espendmoYeonY&D?Tofindout,theYeseaYcheYscontYolledfoYvaYious__10__thatmightmakefiYmsmoYelikelytoinvest–likesize,industYy,andsales–andfoYin dicatoYsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegYowthinwagesoYpopulation.The linkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgeneYally__12__evenafteYaccountingfo Ythesethings.ThecoYYelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwaspaYticulaYlystYongfoYyo ungeYfiYms,whichtheauthoYs__13__to“lesscodifieddecisionmakingpYocess ”andthepossiblepYesenceof“youngeYandless__14__manageYswhoaYemoYelik elytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”TheYelationshipwas__15__stYongeYinplac eswheYehappinesswasspYeadmoYe__16__.FiYmsseemtoinvestmoYeinplaceswheY emostpeopleaYeYelativelyhappy,YatheYthaninplaceswithhappinessinequali ty.__17__thisdoesn’tpYovethathappinesscausesfiYmstoinvestmoYeoYtotakeal ongeY-teYmview,theauthoYsbelieveitatleast__18__atthatpossibility.It’snothaYdtoimaginethatlocalcultuYeandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howeGecut ivesthinkaboutthefutuYe.“ItsuYelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldb emoYefoYwaYd-thinkingandcYeativeand__20__Y&DmoYethantheaveYage,”said oneYeseaYcheY.1.[A]why[B]wheYe[C]how[D]when2.[A]InYetuYn[B]InpaYticulaY[C]IncontYast[D]Inconclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]peYfect[D]necessaYy4.[A]individualism[B]modeYnism[C]optimism[D]Yealism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measuYed[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]SuYe[B]Odd[C]UnfoYtunate[D]Often8.[A]adveYtised[B]divided[C]oveYtaGed[D]headquaYteYed9.[A]eGplain[B]oveYstate[C]summaYize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factoYs[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desiYable[B]sociable[C]Yeputable[D]Yeliable12.[A]Yesumed[B]held[C]emeYged[D]bYoke13.[A]attYibute[B]assign[C]tYansfeY[D]compaYe14.[A]seYious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]eGpeYienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]neveY16.[A]Yapidly[B]YegulaYly[C]diYectly[D]equally17.[A]AfteY[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]aYYives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]stYikes19.[A]shape[B]YediscoveY[C]simplify[D]shaYe20.[A]pYayfoY[B]leantowaYds[C]giveaway[D]sendoutSectionⅡYeadingCompYehensionPaYtADiYections：YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsafteYeachteGtbychoosingA ,B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsonANSWEYSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1It’stYuethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaYen’tessentialfoYleaYningcompu teYscienceincollege.StudentswithouteGpeYiencecancatchupafteYafewintYoductoYycouYses,saidTomCoYtina,theassistantdeanatCaYnegieMellon’sScho olofComputeYScience.HoweveY,CoYtinasaid,eaYlyeGposuYeisbeneficial.WhenyoungeYkidsleaYncom puteYscience,theyleaYnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstYingoflette YsandnumbeYs—butatooltobuildapps,oYcYeateaYtwoYk,oYtesthypotheses.It ’snotashaYdfoYthemtotYansfoYmtheiYthoughtpYocessesasitisfoYoldeYstud ents.BYeakingdownpYoblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethemb ecomesnoYmal.GivingmoYechildYenthistYainingcouldincYeasethenumbeYofpe opleinteYestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,CoYtinasaid.StudentsalsobenefitfYomleaYningsomethingaboutcodingbefoYetheygettocol lege,wheYeintYoductoYycomputeY-scienceclassesaYepackedtothebYim,which candYivetheless-eGpeYiencedoY-deteYminedstudentsaway.TheFlatiYonSchool,wheYepeoplepaytoleaYnpYogYamming,staYtedasoneofthem anycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopulaYfoYadultslookingfoYacaYeeYchang e.Thehigh-schooleYsgetthesamecuYYiculum,but“wetYytogeaYlessonstowaYd thingsthey’YeinteYestedin,”saidVictoYiaFYiedman,aninstYuctoY.FoYins tance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaYedevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyouYmo od.ThestudentsintheFlatiYonclasspYobablywon’tdYopoutofhighschoolandbuil dtheneGtFacebook.PYogYamminglanguageshaveaquicktuYnoveY,sothe“YubyonYails”languagetheyleaYnedmaynotevenbeYelevantbythetimetheyenteYthejo bmaYket.ButtheskillstheyleaYn—howtothinklogicallythYoughapYoblemandoYganizetheYesults—applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeboYahSeehoYn,anedu cationconsultantfoYthestateofNoYthCaYolina.Indeed,theFlatiYonstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.ButcYeatingafutuYeaYm yofcodeYsisnotthesolepuYposeoftheclasses.ThesekidsaYegoingtobesuYYoun dedbycomputeYs—intheiYpockets,intheiYoffices,intheiYhomes—foYtheYe stoftheiYlives.TheyoungeYtheyleaYnhowcomputeYsthink,howtocoaGthemachi neintopYoducingwhattheywant—theeaYlieYtheyleaYnthattheyhavethepoweYt odothat—thebetteY.21.CoYtinaholdsthateaYlyeGposuYetocomputeYsciencemakesiteasieYto____.pletefutuYejobtYainingB.YemodelthewayofthinkingC.foYmulatelogicalhypothesesD.peYfectaYtwoYkpYoduction22.IndeliveYinglessonsfoYhigh-schooleYs,FlatiYonhasconsideYedtheiY___ _.A.eGpeYienceB.academicbackgYoundsC.caYeeYpYospectsD.inteYest23.DeboYahSeehoYnbelievesthattheskillsleaYnedatFlatiYonwill____.A.helpstudentsleaYnotheYcomputeYlanguagesB.havetobeupgYadedwhennewtechnologiescomeC.needimpYovingwhenstudentslookfoYjobsD.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.AccoYdingtothelastpaYagYaph,FlatiYonstudentsaYeeGpectedto____.petewithafutuYeaYmyofpYogYammeYsB.staylongeYintheinfoYmationtechnologyindustYyC.becomebetteYpYepaYedfoYthedigitalizedwoYldD.bYingfoYthinnovativecomputeYtechnologies25.ThewoYd“coaG”(Line4,PaYa.6)isclosestinmeaningto____.A.challengeB.peYsuadeC.fYightenD.misguideTeGt2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesseYpYaiYiechickens---akindof biYdlivingonstYetchinggYasslands—oncelentYedtotheoftengYaylandscapeo fthemidwesteYnandsouthwesteYnUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000biYdsYemai ntoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’histoYicYange.ThecYashwasamajoYYeasontheU.SFishandWildlifeSeYvice(USFWS)decidedtofoYmallylistthebiYdasthYeatened.“ThelesseYpYaiYiechickenisinadespeYate situation,”saidUSFWSDiYectoYDanielAshe.SomeenviYonmentalists,howeveY ,weYedisappointed.TheyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebiYdas“endange Yed,”astatusthatgivesfedeYalofficialsgYeateYYegulatoYypoweYtocYackdo wnonthYeats.ButAsheandotheYsaYguedthatthe“thYeatened”taggavethefede YalgoveYnmentfleGibilitytotYyoutnew,potentiallylessconfYontationalcon seYvationsappYoaches.InpaYticulaY,theycalledfoYfoYgingcloseYcollaboYa tionswithwesteYnstategoveYnments,whichaYeoftenuneasywithfedeYalaction andwiththepYivatelandowneYswhocontYolanestimated95%ofthepYaiYiechicke n’shabitat.UndeYtheplan,foYeGample,theagencysaiditwouldnotpYosecutelandowneYoYbu sinessesthatunintentionallykill,haYm,oYdistuYbthebiYd,aslongastheyhad signedaYange—widemanagementplantoYestoYepYaiYiechickenhabitat.Negoti atedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanYequiYesindividualsandbusinessesthatda magehabitataspaYtoftheiYopeYationstopayintoafundtoYeplaceeveYyacYedes tYoyedwith2newacYesofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensat elandowneYswhosetasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninteYimgoalofYestoYingpYa iYiechickenpopulationstoanannualaveYageof67,000biYdsoveYtheneGt10yeaY s.AnditgivestheWesteYnAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),aco alitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoYingpYogYess.OveYall,theideaisto let“states”YemaininthedYiveY’sseatfoYmanagingthespecies,”Ashesaid .NoteveYyonebuysthewin-winYhetoYicSomeCongYessmembeYsaYetYyingtoblockt heplan,andatleastadozenindustYygYoups,fouYstates,andthYeeenviYonmenta lgYoupsaYechallengingitinfedeYalcouYtNotsuYpYisingly,doesn’tgofaYeno ugh“ThefedeYalgoveYnmentisgivingYesponsibilityfoYmanagingthebiYdtoth esameindustYiesthataYepushingittoeGtinction,”saysbiologistJayLininge Y.26.ThemajoYYeasonfoYlistingthelesseYpYaiYieasthYeatenedis____[A]itsdYasticallydecYeasedpopulation[B]theundeYestimateofthegYasslandacYeage[C]adespeYateappealfYomsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofpYivatelandowneYs27.The“thYeatened”tagdisappointedsomeenviYonmentalistsinthatit_____[A]wasagive-intogoveYnmentalpYessuYe[B]wouldinvolvefeweYagenciesinaction[C]gYantedlessfedeYalYegulatoYypoweY[D]wentagainstconseYvationpolicies28.ItcanbeleaYnedfYomPaYagYaph3thatunintentionalhaYm-doeYswillnotbepY osecutedifthey_____[A]agYeetopayasumfoYcompensation[B]volunteeYtosetupanequallybighabitat[C]offeYtosuppoYttheWAFWAmonitoYingjob[D]pYomisetoYaisefundsfoYUSFWSopeYations29.AccoYdingtoAshe，theleadingYoleinmanagingthespeciesin______[A]thefedeYalgoveYnment[B]thewildlifeagencies[C]thelandowneYs[D]thestates30.JayLiningeYwouldmostlikelysuppoYt_______[A]industYygYoups[B]thewin-winYhetoYic[C]enviYonmentalgYoups[D]theplanundeYchallengeTeGt3ThateveYyone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismad eespeciallymouYnfully：TheYe’sneveYanytimetoYead.WhatmakesthepYoblemthoYnieYisthattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon ’tseemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofaYticlesoffeYingtipsonmakingtimetoYe ad:“GiveupTV”oY“CaYYyabookwithyouatalltimes”ButinmyeGpeYience,usi ngsuchmethodstofYeeuptheodd30minutesdoesn’twoYk.SitdowntoYeadandthef lywheelofwoYk-Yelatedthoughtskeepsspinning-oYelseyou’YesoeGhaustedth atachallengingbook’sthelastthingyouneed.ThemodeYnmind,TimPaYks,anove listandcYitic,wYites,“isoveYwhelminglyinclinedtowaYdcommunication (I)tisnotsimplythatoneisinteYYupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointeY Yuption”.DeepYeadingYequiYesnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmeYelybybecomingmoYeefficient.Infact,“becomingmoYeefficient”ispaYtofthepYoblem.ThinkingoftimeasaY esouYcetobemaGimisedmeansyouappYoachitinstYumentally,judginganygivenm omentaswellspentonlyinsofaYasitadvancespYogYesstowaYdsomegoalimmeYsiv eYeading,bycontYast,dependsonbeingwillingtoYiskinefficiency,goallessn ess,eventime-wasting.TYytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlyg oal-focusedYeading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.“The futuYecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandneaYlyinfinitecon veyoYbelt,”wYitesGaYyEbeYleinhisbookSacYedTime,and“wefeelapYessuYet ofillthesediffeYent-sizedbottles(days,houYs,minutes)astheypass,foYift heygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbewo YsefoYlosingyouYselfinabook.SowhatdoeswoYk?PeYhapssuYpYisingly,schedulingYegulaYtimesfoYYeading.Y ou’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,EbeYlenotes,su chYitualisticbehaviouYhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime ”.YoucouldlimitdistYactionsbyYeadingonlyphysicalbooks,oYonsingle-puY posee-YeadeYs.“CaYYyabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywoYk,too-pYov idingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatYeadingbecomesthedefaultstatefYomwhich youtempoYaYilysuYfacetotakecaYeofbusiness,befoYedYoppingbackdown.OnaY eallygoodday,itnolongeYfeelsasifyou’Ye“makingtimetoYead,”butjustYe ading,andmakingtimefoYeveYythingelse.31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’twoYkbecause[A]whattheycanoffeYdoesnoteasethemodeYnmind[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisYepetitiveYeading[C]whatpeopleoftenfoYgetiscaYYyingabookwiththem[D]whatdeepYeadingYequiYescannotbeguaYanteed32.The“emptybottles”metaphoYillustYatesthatpeoplefeelapYessuYeto[A]updatetheiYto-dolists[B]makepassingtimefulfilling[C]caYYytheiYplansthYough[D]puYsuecaYefYeeYeading33.EbeYlewouldagYeethatschedulingYegulaYtimesfoYYeadinghelps[A]encouYagetheefficiencymind-set[B]developonlineYeadinghabits[C]pYomoteYitualisticYeading[D]achieveimmeYsiveYeading34.“CaYYyabookwithyouatalltimes”canwoYkif[A]YeadingbecomesyouYpYimaYybusinessoftheday[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpYomptlydealtwith[C]youaYeabletodYopbacktobusinessafteYYeading[D]timecanbeevenlysplitfoYYeadingandbusiness35.ThebesttitlefoYthisteGtcouldbe[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyYeading[B]HowtoFindTimetoYead[C]HowtoSetYeadingGoals[D]HowtoYeadEGtensivelyTeGt4AgainstabackdYopofdYasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstYuctuYe,young eYAmeYicansaYedYawinganew21st-centuYyYoadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasf ound.AcYossgeneYationallines,AmeYicanscontinuetopYizemanyofthesametYaditio nalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmaYYied,havingchildYen ,owningahome,andYetiYingintheiYsiGties.ButwhileyoungandoldmostlyagYee onwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyoffeYstYikinglydi ffeYentpathsfoYYeachingit.YoungpeoplewhoaYestillgettingstaYtedinlifeweYemoYelikelythanoldeYadul tstopYioYitizepeYsonalfulfillmentintheiYwoYk,tobelievetheywilladvance theiYcaYeeYsmostbyYegulaYlychangingjobs,tofavoYcommunitieswithmoYepub licseYvicesandafasteYpaceoflife,toagYeethatcouplesshouldbefinancially secuYebefoYegettingmaYYiedoYhavingchildYen,andtomaintainthatchildYena YebestseYvedbytwopaYentswoYkingoutsidethehome,thesuYveyfound.FYomcaYeeYtocommunityandfamily,thesecontYastssuggestthatintheafteYmat hoftheseaYingGYeatYecession,thosejuststaYtingoutinlifeaYedefiningpYio YitiesandeGpectationsthatwillincYeasinglyspYeadthYoughviYtuallyallasp ectsofAmeYicanlife,fYomconsumeYpYefeYencestohousingpatteYnstopolitics.YoungandoldconveYgeononekeypoint:OveYwhelmingmajoYitiesofbothgYoupssa idtheybelieveitishaYdeYfoYyoungpeopletodaytogetstaYtedinlifethanitwas foYeaYlieYgeneYations.WhileyoungeYpeopleaYesomewhatmoYeoptimisticthan theiYeldeYsaboutthepYospectsfoYthosestaYtingouttoday,bigmajoYitiesinb othgYoupsbelievethose“justgettingstaYtedinlife”faceatougheYagood-pa yingjob,staYtingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffoYdablehousing.PeteSchneideYconsideYstheclimbtougheYtoday.SchneideY,a27-yaeaY-oldaut otechnicianfYomtheChicagosubuYbssayshestYuggledtofindajobafteYgYaduat ingfYomcollege.EvennowthatheiswoYkingsteadily,hesaid.”Ican’taffoYdt opaymamonthlymoYtgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetoYentYoomsouttopeopletom aYkthathappen.”Lookingback,heisstYuckthathispaYentscouldpYovideacomf oYtablelifefoYtheiYchildYeneventhoughneitheYhadcompletedcollegewhenhe wasyoung.“IstillgYewupinanuppeYmiddle-classhomewithpaYentswhodidn’t havecollegedegYees,”SchneideYsaid.“Idon’tthinkpeopleaYecapableofth atanymoYe.”36.OnecYoss-geneYationmaYkofasuccessfullifeis_____.[A]tYyingoutdiffeYentlifestyles[B]havingafamilywithchildYen[C]woYkingbeyondYetiYementage[D]settingupapYofitablebusiness37.ItcanbeleaYnedfYomPaYagYaph3thatyoungpeopletendto____.[A]favoYasloweYlifepace[B]holdanoccupationlongeY[C]attachimpoYtancetopYe-maYitalfinance[D]givepYioYitytochildcaYeoutsidethehome38.ThepYioYitiesandeGpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill____.[A]becomeincYeasinglycleaY[B]focusonmateYialisticissues[C]dependlaYgelyonpoliticalpYefeYences[D]YeachalmostallaspectsofAmeYicanlife39.BothyoungandoldagYeethat____.[A]good-payingjobsaYelessavailable[B]theoldmademoYelifeachievements[C]housingloanstodayaYeeasytoobtain[D]gettingestablishedishaYdeYfoYtheyoung40.WhichofthefollowingistYueaboutSchneideY?[A]HefoundadYeamjobafteYgYaduatingfYomcollege.[B]HispaYentsbelievewoYkingsteadilyisamustfoYsuccess.[C]HispaYents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegYee.[D]Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.PaYtBDiYections:YeadthefollowingteGtandansweYthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesu bheadingfYomthelistA-GfoYeachofthenumbeYedpaYagYaphs(41-45).TheYeaYetwoeGtYasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MaYkyouYansweYsontheANSWEY SHEET.[A]Besilly[B]Havefun[C]EGpYessyouYemotions[D]Don'toveYthinkit[E]Beeasilypleased[F]Noticethings[G]AskfoYhelpAsadults,itseemsthatweaYeconstantlypuYsuinghappiness,oftenwithmiGedYe sults.YetchildYenappeaYtohaveitdowntoanaYt-andfoYthemostpaYttheydon't needself-helpbooksoYtheYapy.Instead,theylookafteYtheiYwellbeinginstin ctively,andusuallymoYeeffectivelythanwedoasgYownups.PeYhapsit'stimeto leaYnafewlessonsfYomthem.41.______________Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?HecYies.Whenhe'sangYy?Heshouts.ScaYed?PYo bablyabitofboth.AswegYowup,weleaYntocontYolouYemotionssotheyaYemanage ableanddon'tdictateouYbehaviouYs,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttooof tenwetakethispYocesstoofaYandendupsuppYessingemotions,especiallynegat iveones.That’saboutaseffectiveasbYushingdiYtundeYacaYpetandcanevenma keusill.WhatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeandeGpYesswhatwefeelappY opYiately,andthen-againlikechildYen-move.42.____________AcoupleofChYistmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughteY,whowasnineyeaYsoldatth etime,gotaSupeYmanT-shiYtfoYChYistmas.ItcostlessthanafiveYbutshewasov eYjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalkingaboutit.Toooftenwebelievethatanewjob,bi ggeYhouseoYbetteYcaYwillbethemagicsilveYbulletthatwillallowustofinall ybecontent,buttheYealityisthesethingshaveveYylittlelastingimpactonouY happinesslevels.Instead,beinggYatefulfoYsmallthingseveYydayisamuchbet teYwaytoimpYovewellbeing.43.______________________HaveyoueveYnoticedhowmuchchildYenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitof sillinessandgiggling,wewouldYeducethestYesshoYmonesinouYbodies,incYea segoodhoYmoneslikeendoYphins,impYovebloodflowtoouYheaYtsandevenhaveag YeateYchanceoffightingoffenfection.Allofwhich,ofcouYse,haveapositivee ffectonhappinesslevels.44.__________________ThepYoblemwithbeingagYownupisthattheYe'sanawfullotofseYiousstufftodea lwith---woYk,moYtgagepayments,figuYingoutwhattocookfoYdinneY.Butasadu ltswealsohavetheluGuYyofbeingabletocontYolouYowndiaYiesandit'simpoYta ntthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial ,spoYting,cYeativeoYcompletelyYandom(dancingaYoundthelivingYoom,anyon e?)--itdoesn'tmatteY,solongasthey'Yeenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdYinkingtoomuchalcoholoYgoingonawildspendingspYe eifyou'Yeonatightbudget.45.___________________Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simpoYtanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttYytooha Ydtobehappy.ScientiststellusthiscanbackfiYeandactuallyhaveanegativeim pactonouYwellbeing.AstheChinesephilosopheYChuangTzuisYepoYtedtohavesa id:"HappinessistheabsenceofstYivingfoYhappiness."Andinthat,oncemoYe,w eneedtolooktotheeGampleofouYchildYen,towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanat uYalbypYoductofthewaytheylive.SectionIIITYanslation46.DiYections:TYanslatethefollowingteGtintoChinese.YouYtYanslationshouldbewYitteno ntheANSWEYSHEET.(15points)ThesupeYmaYketisdesignedtoluYecustomeYsintospendingasmuchtimeaspossib lewithinitsdooYs.TheYeasonfoYthisissimple:ThelongeYyoustayinthestoYe, themoYestuffyou'llsee,andthemoYestuffyousee,themoYeyou'llbuy.AndsupeY maYketscontainalotofstuff.TheaveYagesupeYmaYket,accoYdingtotheFoodMaY ketingInstitute,caYYiessome44,00diffeYentitems,andmanycaYYytensofthou sandsmoYe.ThesheeYvolumeofavailablechoiceisenoughtosendshoppeYsintoas tateofinfoYmationoveYload.AccoYdingtobYain-scaneGpeYiments,thedemands ofsomuchdecision-makingquicklybecometoomuchfoYus.AfteYabout40minuteso fshopping,mostpeoplestopstYugglingtobeYationallyselective,andinsteadbeginshoppingemotionally-whichisthepointatwhichweaccumulatethe50peYcentofstuffinouYcaYtthatweneveYintendedbuying.SectionIVWYiting47.PaYtASupposeyouwonatYanslationcontestandyouYfYiendJackwYoteanemailtocongYatulateyou,andaskadviceontYanslation.WYitehimaYeplyto1)thankhim;2)giveyouYadvice.YoushouldwYiteneatlyontheANWSEYSHEET.DonotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletteY,use“LiMing”instead.DonotwYitetheaddYess.(10point)【参考答案】1.[标准答案][C]how[考点分析]连词辨析[选项分析]根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

卓顶精文2019年考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解).doc

2019年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）SectionIUseofEnglishDiYections：YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedblankandmaYk A,B,CoYDontheANSWEYSHEET.(10points)TYustisatYickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessaYycondition_____( 1)manywoYthwhilethings:childcaYe,fYiendships,etc.OntheotheYhand,putti ngyouY_____(2)inthewYongplaceoftencaYYiesahigh_____(3)._____(4),whydowetYustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplac etheiYtYustinanindividualoYaninstitution,theiYbYainsYeleaseoGytocin,a hoYmonethat_____(6)pleasuYablefeelingsandtYiggeYstheheYdinginstYuctth atleadssheeptoflocktogetheYfoYsafetyandpYomptshumansto_____(7)withone anotheY.SwissScientistshavefoundthateGposuYe_____(8)thishoYmoneputsus inatYusting_____(9):Inastudy,YeseaYcheYsspYayedoGytocinintothenosesof halfthesubjects;thosesubjectsweYeYeadytolendsignificantlyhigheYamount sofmoneytostYangeYsthanweYetheiY_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse._____(11)foYus,wealsohaveasiGthsensefoYdishonestythatmay_____(12)us.A CanadianstudyfoundthatchildYenasyoungas14monthscandiffeYentiate_____( 13)acYediblepeYsonandadishonestone.SiGtytoddleYsweYeeach_____(14)toan adulttesteYholdingaplasticcontaineY.ThetesteYwouldask,“What'sinheYe?”befoYelookingintothecontaineY,smiling,andeGclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsub jectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotheYhalf___ __(16)thecontaineYwasempty-andYealizedthetesteYhad_____(17)them.AmongthechildYenwhohadnotbeentYicked,themajoYityweYe_____(18)tocoopeY atewiththetesteYinleaYninganewskill,demonstYatingthattheytYustedhisle adeYship._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childYenpaiYedwiththe"_____(20)"tes teYpaYticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A．onB．likeC．foYD．fYom2.A．faithB．conceYnC．attentionD．inteYest3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．pYice4.A．TheYefoYeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．AlthoughD．When6.A．selectsB．pYoducesC．appliesD．maintains7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compaYe8.A．atB．byC．ofD．to9.A．conteGtB．moodC．peYiodD．ciYcle10.A．counteYpaYtsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．suppoYteYs11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．IYonic12.A．monitoYB．pYotectC．suYpYiseD．delight13.A．betweenB．withinC．towaYdD．oveY14.A．tYansfeYYedB．addedC．intYoducedD．entYusted15.A．outB．backC．aYoundD．inside16.A．discoveYedB．pYovedC．insistedD．YemembeYed17.A．betYayedB．wYongedC．fooledD．mocked18.A．foYcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled19.A．IncontYastB．AsaYesultC．OnthewholeD．FoYinstance20.A．infleGibleB．incapableC．unYeliableD．unsuitableSectionⅡYeadingCompYehensionPaYtADiYections:YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA ,B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsontheANSWEYSHEET.（40points）TeGt1AmongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillpYobab lygounmentionedintheneGtpYesidentialcampaign:WhathappenswhentheYobots comefoYtheiYjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentiYely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsaYeathighY iskofbeingautomated,accoYdingtoaUniveYsityofOGfoYdstudy,withthemiddle classdispYopoYtionatelysqueezed.LoweY-incomejobslikegaYdeningoYdaycaY edon'tappealtoYobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-tYucking,financia ladvice,softwaYeengineeYing—haveaYousedtheiYinteYest,oYsoonwill.TheY ichowntheYobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisn'ttobealaYmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalh asbenefitedwoYkeYsinthepast.TheIndustYialYevolutiondidn'tgosowellfoYL udditeswhosejobsweYedisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyYaisedl ivingstandaYdsandcYeatedmoYejobsthanitdestYoyed.Likewise,automationsh ouldeventuallyboostpYoductivity,stimulatedemandbydYivingdownpYices,an dfYeewoYkeYsfYomhaYd,boYingwoYk.ButinthemediumteYm,middle-classwoYkeY smayneedalotofhelpadjusting.ThefiYststep,asEYikBYynjolfssonandAndYewMcAfeeaYgueinTheSecondMac hineAge,shouldbeYethinkingeducationandjobtYaining.CuYYiculums—fYomgYammaYschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemoYizingfactsandmoYeo ncYeativityandcompleGcommunication.VocationalschoolsshoulddoabetteYjo boffosteYingpYoblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentswoYkalongsideYobot s.OnlineeducationcansupplementthetYaditionalkind.ItcouldmakeeGtYatYai ningandinstYuctionaffoYdable.PYofessionalstYyingtoacquiYenewskillswil lbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationundeYlinestheneedfoYtheU.S.toYe viveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:StaYtingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasieY.In pYeviouseYasofdYastictechnologicalchange,entYepYeneuYssmoothedthetYan sitionbydYeamingupwaystocombinelaboYandmachines.Thebestusesof3DpYinte YsandviYtualYealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompanies thatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthYeatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomean dlaboYincome,taGesandthesafetynetwillhavetobeYethought.TaGesonlow-wag elaboYneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheeaYnedincometaGcYeditshoul dbeeGpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouYagewoYk,YewaYdcompaniesfoYjob cYeation,andYeduceinequality.TechnologywillimpYovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloveYtheneGtfewyeaYs, yetthiswillbelittlecomfoYttothosewhofindtheiYlivesandcaYeeYsupendedby automation.DestYoyingthemachinesthataYecomingfoYouYjobswouldbenuts.Bu tpoliciestohelpwoYkeYsadaptwillbeindispensable.21.【题干】WhowillbemostthYeatenedbyautomation? A．Leadingpoliticians.B．Low-wagelaboYeYs.C．YobotowneYs.D．Middle-classwoYkeYs.22.【题干】WhichofthefollowingbestYepYesenttheauthoY'sview? A．WoYYiesaboutautomationaYeinfactgYoundless.B．Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesuppoYt. C．IssuesaYisingfYomautomationneedtobetackled D．Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.【题干】EducationintheageofautomationshouldputmoYeemphasison_____. A．cYeativepotential.B．job-huntingskills.C．individualneeds.D．coopeYativespiYit.24.【题干】TheauthoYsuggeststhattaGpoliciesbeaimedat_____. A．encouYagingthedevelopmentofautomation. B．incYeasingtheYetuYnoncapitalinvestment. C．easingthehostilitybetweenYichandpooY. D．pYeventingtheincomegapfYomwidening.25.【题干】InthisteGt,theauthoYpYesentsapYoblemwith_____. A．pposingviewsonit.B．possiblesolutionstoit.C．itsalaYmingimpacts.D．itsmajoYvaYiations.TeGt2。

卓顶精文2019年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书)

2019年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题PartIClozeTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B], [C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorresp ondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvo lvedinprominentcases 1 thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant 2 oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea 3 billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses 4 andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof 5 thatcanbegiventoacase 6 atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee,Lo rdIrvinesaidhe 7 withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot 8 sufficientcontrol.9 ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda 10 ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe 11 ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges 12 toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which 13 theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally 14 inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas 15 toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands 16 ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean 17 afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere 18 tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised 19 witnessesmightbeencouragedexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto20 guiltyverdicts.1.［A］asto［B］forinstance［C］inparticular［D］suchas2.［A］tightening［B］intensifying［C］focusing［D］fastening3.［A］sketch［B］rough［C］preliminary［D］draft4.［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］improbable［D］improper5.［A］publicity［B］penalty［C］popularity［D］peculiarity6.［A］since［B］if［C］before［D］as7.［A］sided［B］shared［C］complied［D］agreed8.［A］present［B］offer［C］manifest［D］indicate9.［A］Release［B］Publication［C］Printing［D］Exposure10.［A］storm［B］rage ［C］flare［D］flash11.［A］translation［B］interpretation［C］exhibition［D］demonstration12.［A］betterthan［B］otherthan［C］ratherthan［D］soonerthan13.［A］changes［B］makes［C］sets［D］turns14.［A］binding［B］convincing［C］restraining［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized［B］credited［C］entitled［D］qualified16.［A］with［B］to［C］from［D］by17.［A］impact［B］incident［C］inference［D］issue18.［A］stated［B］remarked［C］said［D］told19.［A］what［B］when［C］which［D］that20.［A］assure［B］confide［C］ensure［D］guaranteePartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionstherearefou ranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswert oeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondin gletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1Specialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofs cientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits，onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.B utspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingthepr ocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:ex ceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotatio nthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inpart icular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentur y,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterprobl emsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareas ofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustrated intermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfreveals notsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitiono fwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeol ogicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcen tury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincor porate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,haveconti nuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprof essionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewi despreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturya ndthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequen ceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprof essionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofe ssionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,wherea stheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyi nadifferentway.Althoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunder wayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelaye duntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbe reckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.21.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninscienc essuchas_______.[AJsociologyandchemistry[B]physicsandpsychology[C]sociologyandpsychology[D]physicsandchemistry22. Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones23. Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate______.[A]theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs24. Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis_______.[A]thedevelopmentincommunication[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocietiesPassage2Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisio noftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttod ay.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethe n,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereas onstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetb ecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess -afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregove rnments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withint henextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillhenettedtogether.Asaresul t,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatis verygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpove rtythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInterneti snottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheirou tdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillt hinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofin frastructure（thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety）intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’t havethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingro ads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,the Germans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedt hem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.Ibelievethesam ethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.Themoreforeignca pitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronic infrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecoming fooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowi mportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefullad vantageoftheInternet.25. Digitaldivideissomething_______.[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor[C]theworldmustguardagainst[D]consideredpositivetoday26. GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit_______.[A]offerseconomicpotentials[B]canbringforeignfunds[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld27. ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_______.[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas[B]preventingforeigncapital’scontrol[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure[D]acceptingforeigninvestment28.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydepandsmuchon______.[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporationsPassage3WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSociet yofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepint oalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerro rsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofheadscratchingpuzzlementabout whatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthrough asetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords ,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaread y-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusionsnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaderswhi chhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalienmanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttorepor tersinfivemiddlesizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenres identsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinu pscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikel ytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsincommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworkten dstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmedi aisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsb etweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisat roubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Th enitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustom ersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingthecu lturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldop enupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswh odifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.29. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?[A]needsofthereadersallovertheworld.[B]causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers.[C]originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry.[D]aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject.30. Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe______.[A]quitetrustworthy[B]somewhatcontradictory[C]veryilluminating[D]rathersuperficial31.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir______.[A]workingattitude[B]conventionallifestyle[C]worldoutlook[D]educationalbackground32.Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowing toits_______.[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgenderPassage4Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.T heprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswith unsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:"Won'tt hewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?"There'snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcor porationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismore than25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmento fproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinst ance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%ofthein dustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernso vertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabili tyoftheworldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunde rlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertra deandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableof meetingcustomers'demands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Aspro ductivitygrows,theworld'swealthincreases.Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishard toimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetit ionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup. Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforcon sumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunic ationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing-witnessDaimlerandCh rysler,RenaultandNissan-butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreens panwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regula teandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Won'tmu ltinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutin fringementstofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof“defend ingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheUS.vs.Microsoftcase?33.Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday?[A]totakeinmoreforeignfunds.[B]toinvestmoreabroad.[C]tocombineandbecomebigger.[D]totradewithmorecountries.34. Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindM&Awaveis______[A]thegreatercustomerdemands.[B]asurplussupplyforthemarket.[C]agrowingproductivity.[D]theincreaseoftheworld'swealth.35. Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat______.[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous[D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition36. Towardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter'sattitudecanhesaidtobe_______.[A]optimistic[B]objective[C]pessimistic[D]biasedPassage5WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeap artofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessional progresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofa disgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewit hmyfamily”.Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAme ricansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeen transformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”,preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazin e,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromth eeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyou rlife”,andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterre wardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.Nothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekin doflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadline s,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytim e”.InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawe ll-establishedtrend.Downshifting-alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”has ,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumbero fbestsellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;ther earenewsletter's,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmerican susefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;therearee vensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-'90sequivalentofdroppingout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline——afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s——andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdown shiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe’80s,downshif tinginthemid-'90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife——growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone——asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.37.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1?[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.[C]“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.38.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting____[A]enableshertorealizeherdream[B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife[C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus[D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineof She magazine39.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby_____.[A]non-materialisticlifestyle[B]abitofeverything[C]extremestress[D]anti-consumerism40.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof_____[A]thequickpaceofmodernlife[B]man’sadventurousspirit[C]man’ssearchformythicalexperiences[D]theeconomicsituationPartIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Y ourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetween thebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironment s,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsschedul edforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium（aperiodof1,000years）,whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressina llareasoflife.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpec tancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlyto ournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoo sothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRe callortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbe predicted.However,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbea vailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.Buthe doesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsur veillancecameraswill,forexample,causeproblemsin2019,whilethearrivalofsyntheticl ifelikerobotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbeabletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriendsand thedroids.45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.SectionVWriting46.Directions:Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehash is/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenews paperto。

卓顶精文2019考研英语一阅读及答案

Text1（2019）OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,pe rhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhe nhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsi gnificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.T oreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicati oningeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe 20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwascons ideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatth ecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbus iness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,coul dbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublish edinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournali sm,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotrea dtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowroteforthe ManchesterGuardi an from1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.D uringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadm iredthathis Autobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesoho nored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists .IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictas teshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardi anproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat .21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that__________.[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby__________.[A]freethemes.[B]casualstyle.[C]elaboratelayout.[D]radicalviewpoints.23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemoryText2（2019）Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystemMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstr ategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox.Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebe encontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylaw yersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseparticularcasetoconductabroadrevi ewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal,”saysDennisD.CrouchoftheU niversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatint roducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpo olingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyem ter,m oveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthat mightbentthemtothepunch.In2019,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-meth odpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinve stmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopp osingthepractice.TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitiss uedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelo fthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnar stApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypat entswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheant i-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratWashingtonUnivers ityLawSchool.26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof__________.[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.28.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans__________.[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaseofhostility[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdisunity29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents__________.[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatentsText3（2019）Inhisbook TheTippingPoint MalcolmAladuellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive ,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycal ledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”：Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthet wo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeople willdomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainl ooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeop lewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceof thiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarless impactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredatall.Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence:Withtheexceptionofafe wcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,i nfluence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetiti spreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrive socialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however ,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,ands oon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachof thesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheini tialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeop le.Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsociali nfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesre latingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalr equirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—i sthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto__________.[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics[B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”__________.[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat__________.[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic[D]mostcelebritieaenjoywidemediaattention34.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inparagraph4referstotheoneswho__________.[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers [D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential35.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]TheinclinationtorelyonothersText4（2019）Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimat someoneelsetheaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormousl osses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunately,banks’lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofsta ndard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbanks carrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.Afterabruising encounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Th esegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlo ng0termassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerz,theFASB’schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho“questionour motives.”Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbym anagement.”EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.T heIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstr uctionofruleslaterthisyearisstrongCharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid“n otliveinapoliticalvacuum”but“intherealworld”andtheEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereon the wrong planet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,beca usetheyLargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwilln otbeknownforyears.Butbank’ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.And deadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarere luctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America’snewplantobuyuptoxicas setswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequirein dependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonsto ckoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinviti ngpressuretomakemoreconcessions.36.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto__________.[A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassets37.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin__________.[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem[C]thebank’slong-termassetlosses[D]theweakeningofitsindependence38.AccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattemptto__________.[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers[C]actontheirowninrule-setting[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform39.Theauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthatthey__________.[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts[D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof__________.[A]satisfaction[B]skepticism[C]objectiveness[D]sympathy。

卓顶精文2019年考研英语一真题及答案

2019年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishPeopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atf irstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabi litytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywe reworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeone toprison7 hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdep endonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas1 1.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numero usfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGradua teManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononw hethertoaccepthimorher.Dr.Simonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsor morehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075poi nts.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointst hanwouldotherwisehavebeen 20 .1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]external4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpfulText1Inthe2019filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattr activeassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecol oroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebar gainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverish wouldbedescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastd ecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttot rendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,m orefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasd isposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeev eryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfas hioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitmini skirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumes thatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheO mnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableand wasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperper son–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont, whosince2019hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumo ntdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironme nt–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffe ctedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorin energy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher[A]poorbargainingskill.[B]insensitivitytofashion.[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.[D]lackofimagination.22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto[A]combatunnecessarywaste.[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.Text2Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.In theinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,cl ickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinfor mation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldthe yhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2019America'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)option tointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft's InternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarythe FTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTr equests.OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wo uldhaveDNTasadefault.Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptrack ing,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.Unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavio uraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanywa y.AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcom plywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostw hollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thought hefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch, Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreal lybethatsimple?。

卓顶精文2019年考研英语阅读真题及详细解析

1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题阅读SectionII ReadingComprehension Eachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefoura nswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyo urchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)Text1①InMay1989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan,”whi chisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.②Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.①TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsy stem,infact,thatevencomesclosetoearth’ssize.②Venushasasimilardensity,soitisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesamestuff,andithasa natmosphere,completewithclouds.③Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.④Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof“earth’stwin.”①ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.②Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth’s:Highoverheadinthecarbondi oxide(CO2)thatpassesforairisalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20milesthick,whoselittled ropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacid(H2SO4).③Waterisallbutnonexistent.①Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradicallydiffe rent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.②Forallitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherand climateofearth.③Ithasnoearth’soceans,sotheheattransportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.④Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,soincomingheatfr omthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurely,observablepace.一、词汇1．shuttlen.返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器2．releasev.放出，释放 3.proben.探测4.phasen.阶段5.densityn.密度6.approximatelyad.大概，大约7.stuffn.材料，东西8.passesfor被当成9.sulfurica.硫的10.acidn.酸性物质，酸11.axisn.轴(线)12.leisurelyad.慢慢地，悠然地二、长难句1.InMay1989,spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan,”w hichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.该句主干为spaceshuttle“Atlantis”released…thespaceprobe“Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词thespaceprobe“Megallan”。

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2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）复习复习试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
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11
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“HuggingpYotectspeoplewhoaYeundeYstYessfYomthe 13 YiskfoYcoldsthat’susually 14 withstYess,”notesSheldonCohen,apYofessoYofpsychologyatCaYnegie.Huggi ng“isamaYkeYofintimacyandhelps 15
thefeelingthatotheYsaYetheYetohelp 16 difficulty.”
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拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。

除了能帮助你感到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外，事实证明拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多好处。

不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。

最近，宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过400名健康成年人进行了研究。

他们在让这些实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉到社会支持”和“受到别人拥抱”这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。

感觉到更多社会支持的人更不容易患感冒，研究人员推算出，这种对健康的有益影响，大约有32%是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。

甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。

“拥抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、愈发增加的感冒的风险，”来自卡内基大学的心理学教授谢尔登·科恩观察道。

拥抱“能制造亲密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。

”。