中国文化概论chapter12
《中国文化概论》教学课件
第三，欧洲的君主专制在维护封建贵族利益 的同时，也鼓励资本主义生产力发展，而中 国的君主专制制度则极力维护农耕经济，压 制工商业发展。“重农抑商”发展农业，抑 制商业。
二、中国君主专制制度的特点
第一，以武力为先导，控制宗教势力，专制时 间漫长； 第二，农耕经济基础稳定； 第三，君主专制中央集权走向极端 ； 第四，对人身控制严密。
绪 论
一、文化的涵义: “文”的本义是指各色交错的纹理，并由此逐渐 演化出许多引申意义：其一，引申为文字、文章。 在此基础上又引申为诗词曲赋。其二，引申为古 代的礼乐制度，在此基础上又引申为法令条文。 其三，引申为精神修养，在此基础上又引申为文 彩。其四，在礼乐制度和修养的基础上还引申为 美、善、德行之义。总之，“文”在古人心目中， 起初指纹理，后来又引申出近十几种引申义。其 中，文字、文章、修养、德行与现在人们理解的 “文化”一词的意义最为接近。
第二，地理环境对中国文化形成和延续的影 响 第三，地理环境对中国文化多样性的影响: 首先，我国的地理环境有强烈的地域性， 不同地区的人形成了不同的生活方式和思想 观念。 其次，地理障碍对文化的传播也有很大 的影响，也使中国的不同地区所受到的外来 文化影响和影响程度各不相同。 第四，地理环境对开放与封闭的影响:
第三节 专制制度与中国社会政治结构
一、中国与欧洲政体的差异 第一，欧洲王权一开始就有一个宗教势力与之抗 衡，从古代埃及、罗马一直到中世纪，宗教势力 对王权形成巨大的冲击，而中国的神职人员只是 统治者的奴仆，宗教常常为统治者服务。因此， 中国的王权没有与之相抗衡的阻力，能够长期延 续。 第二，欧洲多元经济结构（尤其是工商业海上 贸易），推动了资本主义生产方式的成长，人们 的眼界开阔，民主意识强，因此冲击了王权专制， 而中国的农耕经济使专制传统得以发扬光大。
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture《中国文化概论》讲义-chapters 1-8
Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understanding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。
2024版《中国文化概论》课件
中国文化的核心价值观
A
仁爱思想
中国文化强调仁爱思想，即关爱他人、尊重生 命、热爱和平。这种思想体现在儒家文化中， 如孔子的“仁爱”思想。
中和思想
中国文化注重中和思想，即追求和谐、平 衡、中道。这种思想体现在道家文化中， 如老子的“无为而治”思想。
B
C
礼制观念
中国文化重视礼制观念，即注重礼仪、规矩、 秩序。这种观念体现在古代中国的政治制度 和社会生活中，如周礼的制定和实施。
着不同的服饰，以示尊重和礼貌。
03
服饰变迁
随着时代的变迁，中国服饰也在不断发展和变化。从古代的传统服饰到
近代的中西合璧，再到现代的多元化服饰，体现了中国文化的包容和创
新精神。
建筑文化
传统建筑
中国传统建筑以木结构为主，注重建筑的空间布局和层次 感。同时，建筑的装饰也十分精美，包括雕刻、绘画等多 种艺术形式。
全球化背景下的中国文化传播
01
中国文化“走出去” 战略
积极推动中国文化走向世界，通 过文化交流、文化贸易等方式， 增强中国文化的国际影响力。
02
跨文化交流与对话
加强与世界其他文化的交流与对 话，促进文化多样性和文化包容 性的发展。
03
中国文化产业的国 际化发展
推动文化产业国际化发展，打造 具有国际竞争力的文化品牌和产 品。
因果报应
佛教思想认为世间万物皆有因果报应，人们应该行善积德，避免恶行以免受报应。
涅槃解脱
佛教思想追求涅槃解脱，即通过修行达到超越生死轮回的境界，实现真正的自由和解脱。
05 中国文化的艺术层面
书法与绘画
书法艺术
介绍书法的起源、发展、流派和特点，以及重要的书法作品和书 法家。
思考题
《中国文化概论》（英文）课程思考题及课程论文参考题Questions for Consideration and Paper WritinginSurvey of Classic Chinese CultureChapter 1 Ancient History and Brilliant Civilization---A synopsis of 5000-year Chinese history1. Give a brief account of the origins of Chinese ancestors based upon the latestarchaeological findings.2.The significance of Qin Dynasty and its major measures taken for the firstempire in the history of China.3.The defeat of Huns by Han Dynasty and its “domestic and globalconsequences.4.The Peaceful Order in Zhenguan Reign Period and worldwidecommunication in Tang Dynasty.5.Merits and demerits of civil service examination system.mentary on the expeditionary voyages in Ming Dynasty from1405—1433.Chapter 2 A Glimpse of Traditional Chinese philosophies1. A Hundred Schools in Strife and its far-ranging significance.2.The philosophical views of Confucius and Mencius.3.Analysis of the Wei-Jin metaphysics in a historic perspective.4.Merits and demerits of the Learning of the Principle in Song Dynasty.5.Can you make an analysis of why the scientific tradition in ancient Chinawas not passed down to the modern times?6.How can you evaluate the Book of Change, the gem of primeval or ancientChinese thinking?Chapter 3 Miraculous, Mystic and Sacred---Patriarchal Traditional Religions1.How did Confucianism act as a religion?2.What was the core idea of Taoism? What is the difference betweenConfucianism and Taoism?3.How did Mahayana Buddhism grow into Sinified Buddhism?mentary on Guanyin, the Goddess of Mercy.5.Give an evaluation of Confucianist temples, Buddhist temples and Taoisttemples both in China and east Asia.Chapter 4 Ideograph and Pictograph Rich in Senses---Chinese Language and Script in a Unique Style1.What are the coinage methods of Chinese square characters?2.How could Chinese square characters survive through the time-honored fivemillenniums while the Egyptian hieroglyphics and Phoenician cuneiform died two or one millennium before Christ?3.What are the features of Chinese script?4.Summarize the features of Chinese language in making sentences.5.Make an attempt to distinguish between Chinese language and English orJapanese or Russian.Chapter 5 Mighty Surges in the Flow of Literature1.What are the general characteristics of traditional Chinese literary workscompared with the Western counterparts?2.Make attempts to expound the far-reaching affect of the Book of Poetry andthe Chu Poetry upon the Chinese literature.3.Endeavor to paraphrase the reasons why Tang Poetry came into flowering,and how many poets and their leading masterpieces you can pick up to demonstrate the major genres thereof.4.Recite your favorite Tang poems in English.5.Distinguish between Li Bai, the Celestial Poet and Du Fu, the Saint Poet.6.What are the major genres of Song-ci Poetry? Provide your evidence.7.How can you appreciate San Qu, the non-dramatic songs or verses in termsof affection and style?8.Take an instance of A Dream of the Red Mansion or any other favorite novelyou please in making a comparative study of the features of Chinese novels and English novels.Chapter 6 Eastern Styles of W orld Renown---Introduction to Chinese fine arts1.Make a summary of Chinese fine arts in a historic sequence.2.Distinguish between Chinese fine arts and European peer in view oftechnique and theme?3.Can you offer evaluating opinion for one of the favorite paintings in Chinesehistory?4.How can you illustrate “Calligraphy Elegant in Exterior and Intelligent inInterior”?5.Can you dig up something profound from Chinese painting and calligraphy? Chapter 7 Breathtaking Dramas on the Stage---The bustling stage in China1.How and when did Chinese drama originate?2.How much do you know about Anhui troupes of Kunqu Opera , and thenBeijing Opera?3.What is the social significance of the happy ending in Chinese drama,compared to the tragic ending in English drama?4.Can you compare the ancient Chinese dream drama and the ghost or spiritdrama in England and Germany?5.Can you make a comparative study of Tang Xianzu, or Wang Shifu andShakespeare?Chapter 8 Music, Singing and Dance---A music paradise for recreation, good temperament and morality1. How do appreciate Chinese qin or ancient zither in the light of performing and its tune?2. Attempt to make comparison of the Western piano and Chinese qin or ancient zither.3. How long ago is Chinese singing and dance dated back to?4. Can you pick up some examples to illustrate the affect of music and singing and dancing upon the ancient Chinese community?5. Why did Chinese music and singing and dancing flourish so rampantly in Tang Dynasty?Chapter 9 Magnificent Architecture---A panorama of ancient Chinese architecture1.Make a summary of the development course of ancient Chinese architecture.2.Pick up an example of a building or house suggestive of the typical Chinesefeatures.3.Have you been to the Forbidden City in Beijing? Try to find out somedifferences between it and the Louvre in Paris or the Buckingham Palace inLondon or the White House in Washington.4.Can you mention one or two examples of Chinese gardening architecturewith a brief interpretation?5.What has truck you as the most splendid Chinese traditional building? Why?Chapter 10 The Medicine to Benefit All Human Beings---The long-standing Chinese Medicine1.Who do you remember as the most renowned ancient Chinese doctors?2.Have you heard of the Y ellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine, or theTreatise on Typhoid, or the Compendium of Materia Medica, or the Canon ofPulse? Please give a brief account of one of them.3.Can you recall the diagnosis principles of traditional Chinese medicine?4.How advanced was the ancient Chinese medicine, compared to the Westernmedicine, indicative of clinical treatment and medical theoretical system?5.Can you retell a story or anecdote to display the magnificent effect ofacupuncture and moxibustion?Chapter 11 “External Exercise for Bones and Muscles and Internal Exercise for Vitality and Breath”---Chinese martial arts designed toimprove vitality1.What is the marrow of Chinese martial arts, such as the Eight TrigramBoxing, the Eight Extreme Boxing, the White Eyebrow Boxing, the Shaolin Boxing, the Fork Boxing, and the Taiji Boxing?2.What is the general attitude of Chinese people toward the kinds of martialarts?3.How you know of Qigong, a breath exercise of Chinese martial arts in acultural perspective?4.Can you give examples to illustrate the secret of longevity of some Chinesepeople?5.What is the difference between Chinese martial arts and Western rivals? Chapter 12 A Thriving Chinese Cuisine Culture1.What is the most remarkable feature of Chinese cuisine different from theWestern peer?2.What are the marked characteristics of a typical Chinese dish?3.How many major groups of Chinese cuisine? What are their outstandingfeatures?4.Can you sense some different cultural elements between the sipping of tea ata Chinese teahouse and the drinking of coffee at a café?5.Can you mention some cultural elements in Chinese wine games?Chapter 13 Pragmatic Chinese Inventions---Ancient Chinese inventions ahead of the world1.What are the characteristics of ancient Chinese science and technology?2.What else achievements do you know besides the great four inventions?3.Can you expound the far-ranging influence brought forth by the Chinesegreat four inventions upon the rest of the world?4.Do you remember how much Joseph Needham, the devoted English expert ofChinese science and technology, spoke of Chinese achievements in this respect in ancient times?5.Can you make an analysis of the overwhelming reasons why Chinese scienceand technology became sluggish after 1500’s?Chapter 14 Splendid Culture and Magnificent Scenery---A summary of China’s W orld Heritages1.How many Chinese cultural resorts have been inscribed into the List ofWorld Heritage in China?2.How many Chinese natural resorts have been inscribed into the List of WorldHeritage in China?3.What mostly impresses you of those entries? Why?4.What much do you know about the Dual Cultural-natural Heritages in China?5.What attitude do you think we should retain toward the World Heritages in aglobal perspective?6.Can you mention some entries of the kind in foreign countries?Chapter 15 Meticulous Craftsmanship1.Can you sense the cultural elements out of Chinese jade handicrafts?2.What is the historic implication cast into Chinese bronze products?3.Can you pick up an example of pottery, then porcelain to illustrate theevolving course of Chinese civilization?4.What places in China manufacture or weave the choice silk products in theancient and present day? Work out its cultural and historic implications.5.Have you seen the bamboo products like fans, mosquito-nets and wallhangings, as fine as the wing of a cicada? Dig out something out of it.。
《中国文化概论》课后习题 答案
中国文化概论（修订版）张岱年第一章 中国文化的历史地理环境 （2）第二章 中国文化植根的经济基础 （2）第三章 中国文化依赖的社会政治结构 （3）第四章 中国传统文化的发展历程 （3）第五章 中国的多民族文化融合和中外文化交汇 （5）第六章 中国语言文字 （5）第七章 中国古代科学技术 （6）第八章 中国古代教育 （7）第九章 中国古代文学 （7）第十章 中国古代艺术 （8）第十一章 中国古代史学 （8）第十二章 中国传统伦理道德 （8）第十三章中国古代宗教 （10）第十四章中国古代哲学 （11）第十五章中国文化的类型和特点 （11）第十六章中国文化的基本精神 （12）第十七章 中国传统文化的价值系统 （13）第十八章中国传统文化向近代的转变 （15）第十九章 建设社会主义的中国新文化 （15）绪论一 为什么说文化就是“自然的人化”？文化的实质性含义是指：人化或人类化，即人类主体通过社会实践活动，适应、利用、改造自然界客体而逐步实现自身价值观念的过程。
其体现即有自然面貌、形态、功能的不断改观；也有人类个体与群体素质的不断提高和完善。
二 怎样理解广义文化与狭义文化的联系和区别？广义的文化，着眼于人类与一般动物，人类社会与自然界的本质区别，着眼于人类卓立于自然的独特的生存方式，其涵盖面非常广泛，所以又被称为大文化。
狭义的文化排除人类社会——历史生活中关于物质创造活动及其结果的部分，专注于精神创造活动及其结果，主要是心态文化，又称“小文化”。
书本绪论为什么说文化就是“自然的人化”三 文化结构的四层次包括哪些内容？对文化的结构解剖，有两分说，即分为物质文化和精神文化；有三层次说，即分为物质、制度、精神三层次；有四层次说，即分为物质、制度、风俗习惯、思想与价值。
有六大子系统说，即物质、社会关系、精神、艺术、语言符号、风俗习惯等。
（注意：这里还是记住为好，六大系统可简记为：社语俗物精艺）四 怎样认识和评价中国传统文化？中国传统文化是中华民族历史的结晶，具有历史性和现实性，不是博物馆里的陈列品，传统文化所蕴含的、代代相传的思维方式、价值观念、行为准则、一方面具有强烈的历史性、遗传性；另一方面具有鲜活的现实性、变异性，它无时无刻不在影响着今天的中国人，为我们开创新文化提供历史的根据和现实的基础。
中国文化概论：第9-12章课后答案(修订版张岱年)
第九章中国古代文学第九章中IS古代文学・为什么说屮国占代乂学楚q咽传统攵化的讹乏组戒部分?iM•中田古代文孑以&功而只徐的方成体现r«PM文化的神和中华民庶的文化心理特征・Zdi H也广泛.淖刻堆反映香传统文化的辰他部分的内容.所以他的币关功能及认溟功能历久弥新•足中也传统文化的W嬰爼成部分，:中IN占代文学的KifiM(¥W儿个方血衣现的锻为灾出？哪歧作家和作晶处具代灰性？1＜谒经〉fo lltUfi2先4$iftif0汉呎——代浚：人血明、C论讪孔子；＜AHtt＞脈衛3常诗宋诃——代茨：08进祈》李白：苏轼4元册临和明消小说一代盹记》I实市：凹大名軒三中国占代文学点鳴些方而体现了中国传统文化的堪本俯神？1.关注现实的理性时2.■文以義道■的教化传纨3•写息『•汰佃中和之矣第十章中国古代艺术讲1章中国占代艺术为什么说“PPJ粧动■何以作为中国艺术時神的?1气就足宇山的根本.乂兄宇审的运动.胡是丫宙运动的苛奏・足宇帘土现分门别类啲乂有条不豪的巒体給构.及具TT次吓地购我分迪、周滥运行的聲伍IV荻・WiSWJi艺术作M 9宇宙牛气相一致的缶甫浪态.2气足无瞬的•勺它在你d卜忙n现显;IWJ・就从无利仔.化女为这无.成.气是眾根△的.囚此小国艺术的址人将点就是对世无的f. W・3 文化％hrh宙./能深剜的理解何以y韵工动是中⑴艺术的根彳;蒂神. 戊丈相4甩中国艺术的蚤$准則.第十一章中国古代史学第十一車中国占代里供•如口认识中国古代史学砂国传统文化叩的地位1中国古代史字定中国占代文化的巫耍组成黑分.在护录文化成!K中・四邹分T?・史学位丛第二位.2久的彷史和灿V的占代文化住很人冷反I•.是通过听代史学束记录和保W下來的，历史着作作为史学的社会衣现形态.具有记录・嫁合人类文化创垃，枳戟W发展的叙能。
3占代也学受依家经学的老响•而史学的求《；・经惟的传统也彰响若的富理学・•为什么说中阿占代史7是•座瑰丽的宝库?中阳占代衲I些蓍名的史赛和史学名警？1 +?3的防史内容和乡样的表述形式・制皮的完备，史家的杰岀•理论的晁裨.金壯界”j史上楚仅见的-2冇田迪占今的编年史.列期相吸的紀传史・典住刖发的记录・紀M本人5史评咅乳的史求打名若：司马迁的《史记7 刘知儿的《史砂WWiA的《文史通义*娇同的《汉书》中国占代史学协U昨优创妙叙对当今中国史学的发緘仔何借鉴电:义？1学啓天人.会妙山今•用徂界一切的气無和擾模.的述历宜的发賊过用.2以古沁经世致用・注霓丈学研究的古为今用.3求尖白"•实录历史•求实的WH*.4注业业务和思ft!修养・丈京修弄’恍鉴：注朮史学研尤的現尖总义.经M致用，魁仔求实ft；神.不畏強权•魁注盘自片的思也打如识作并。
中国文化概论第12,13章
第十二章中国传统伦理道德◆本章序号及其名称第十二章中国传统伦理道德◆本章学习目标了解掌握：伦理道德是中国传统文化的核心，中华民族的十大传统美德，中国伦理思想的基本原理及其历史发展。
◆本章重点、难点中国伦理思想的基本原理及其历史发展。
第一节（略）第二节（略）第三节中国伦理思想的基本原理及其历史发展一、中国传统伦理思想体系的特点1、它是中华民族的各种文化精神互摄整合而形成的有机体，儒家、道家、佛家是其基本结构要素，其中儒家伦理是主流与主体。
2、它随着中华民族与中国社会的发展而生长发育，在此过程中阶级性与民族性、时代性与普遍性交错并存，浑然一体，相辅相成，相补相协。
二、中国伦理思想发展三阶段1、先秦——中国伦理精神孕育展开阶段2、汉唐——中国伦理思想的抽象发展和大一统、封建化阶段这一时期中国社会发展的必然性与文化选择的能动性相结合的过程又可分为三个小阶段：两汉儒家、魏晋玄学、隋唐佛学。
3、宋元明清——中国伦理思想辩证综合阶段三、中国伦理学的结构和基本原理中国伦理思想体系主要由三方面内容构成：人伦关系原理，道德主体品格要求，人性的认同。
概括地说，就是人伦、人道、人性。
“礼”的法则，“仁”的原理，修养的精神，构成中国伦理体系的基本结构要素。
1、“礼”是中国文化人伦与人伦原理最集中的体现和概括，可以说，中国伦理的秩序就是“礼”的秩序。
中国伦理思想体系的建构过程，从某种意义上说就是“礼”的创造性转化的过程。
历史上“礼”的四次转化，其所包含的民族性因素主要有三个方面：五伦设计、整体主义、伦理政治。
2、中国伦理的“人道”的核心是“仁”，其内涵主要有：①人伦决定人格②仁义礼智的价值体系③德性主义3、人性论是中国伦理思想体系的基础。
中国人性思想有以下特点：①强调人禽之分，突显人的尊严。
②人格均等，人人可圣。
③修身养性，向内探求。
◆思考题及答案：1、中国传统文化形成的两个重要基础是什么？（1、小农自然经济的生产方式2、家国一体，即由家及国的宗法社会政治结构）2、中华民族的传统美德有哪些？（参见课本P281-P290）3、中国传统伦理思想体系有哪些特点？（参见课本P292）4、中国伦理思想发展经历了哪些阶段，每个阶段各有什么特点？（参见课本P292-P297）5、为什么说“礼”是中国文化人伦秩序与人伦原理的最集中的体现和概括？（参见课本P297-P299）6、中国人性思想有哪些特点？（参见课本P300）第十三章中国古代宗教◆本章序号及其名称第十三章中国古代宗教◆本章学习目标了解掌握：中国远古宗教，道教与中国古代文化，佛教的中国化与中国化佛教，儒、道、佛三教交融与儒学的宗教功能。
2024版《中国文化概论》PPT课件
《中国文化概论》PPT课件目录CATALOGUE•中国文化概述•中国语言文字•中国哲学思想•中国文学艺术•中国传统节日与习俗•中国古代科技与发明•中国饮食文化01CATALOGUE中国文化概述文化的定义与特点文化的定义文化是一个国家或民族的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维方式、价值观念等的总和。
文化的特点文化具有多样性、传承性、变异性、共享性和象征性等特点。
中国文化的起源与发展中国文化的起源中国文化起源于黄河流域的华夏文明，经过数千年的发展和演变，逐渐形成了独具特色的文化体系。
中国文化的发展中国文化在发展过程中，不断吸收和融合外来文化，同时也保持着自身文化的传承和发展，形成了丰富多彩的文化内涵。
天人合一天人合一是中国文化中的一种重要哲学思想，它认为人类和自然是一体的，人类应该顺应自然、与自然和谐相处，达到天人合一的境界。
仁爱思想中国文化强调仁爱思想，即关爱他人、尊重生命、热爱和平，这是中国文化中最重要的价值观之一。
中庸之道中庸之道是中国文化中的一种重要思想，它主张在处理事物时要保持适度、避免极端，追求平衡和和谐。
礼制精神中国文化注重礼制精神，即尊重传统、注重礼仪、讲究规矩，体现了一种对秩序和规范的尊重和维护。
中国文化的核心价值观02CATALOGUE中国语言文字结绳记事、仓颉造字等传说汉字的起源汉字的演变汉字的结构与特点甲骨文、金文、小篆、隶书、草书、楷书、行书等发展阶段象形、指事、会意、形声等造字法，以及汉字的表意性质030201汉字的起源与演变汉语的特点声调语言，音节清晰，词汇丰富，语法灵活汉语的传播与影响对周边国家语言文字的影响，以及汉语国际推广的现状与趋势汉语的魅力表达细腻，音韵和谐，文化底蕴深厚汉语的特点与魅力方言与少数民族语言中国方言的概况七大方言区及其特点少数民族语言文字多样性、丰富性及其保护传承的重要性方言与少数民族语言的文化价值对中华文化多元一体的贡献03CATALOGUE中国哲学思想儒家思想概述01儒家思想是中国传统文化的主流思想，强调仁、义、礼、智、信等道德观念，注重个人修养和社会和谐。