英语科技翻译前四章
科技英语翻译1—4
The four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, andenvironmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Althoughinterconnected, itis importanttonotethedifferences of eachinterms ofits nature and requirements.The very basic need of humansustainability is good reproductive healthandsafe childbearing.Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the childrenshould have enoughskills and knowledge suchthatthey cansustaintheir ownway of life. Itis atthatpointthatthey becomeconsidered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern.Insimple terms, economic sustainability is havinga set amount of capital for acertain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means thatwe must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings inthe future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption.Social capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrustcantake over. Whenthathappens, societies andeverythingelsethat depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherencetolaws, rules, andvalues thatsocieties havedevelopedfor thecommongood, social sustainability can be achieved.Environmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that humanbeings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials takenfromnature are usedfor solutions that address humanneeds. If nature is depletedfaster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials.Furthermore,environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions areatvolumes thatnaturecanhandle. If not, all humans andother livingthings on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction.可持续性分类四种可持续性包括人类可持续性，经济可持续性，社会可持续性和环境可持续性。
科技英语翻译
✧过去五年是国家面貌日新月异，各项事业蒸蒸日上的五年。
→The past five years saw our country under great changes with eachpassing days, as it endeavor‟s flourished.✧在他面前大谈股票，那简直是班门弄斧。
If you talk much of stock before him, that will be like showing off one‟s proficiency with axe before LuBan ＿the master carpenter.✧“Words do not have meanings; people have meaning for words.”词本无义，义随人生✧ While small generators frequently have revolving armatures, largemachines usually have stationary armatures and revolving fields.小型发电机常采用旋转电枢,而大型发电机常采用静止电枢,旋转磁场.✧Physics studies force, motion, heat, light, sound, electricity,magnetism, radiation, and atomic structure.物理学研究力、运动、热、光、声、电、磁、辐射和原子结构。
The igniter combustion often produces hot condensed particles.----这种点剂燃烧常常产生热的凝结颗粒。
The outcome of a test is not always predictable.----试验的结果并不总是可以预料的。
✧Resistors are available either in fixed values or variable values.----电阻器有固定（电阻器）和可变（电阻器）两种。
科技英语翻译
•
Well-meaning scientists, engineers, economists and politicians have proposed various steps that could slightly reduce fossil-fuel use and emissions. These steps are not enough.
• 该技术已准备就绪。后文中我们提出了一 个资助计划，计划到2050年用太阳能为美 国提供69%的电能和35%的包括运输在内 的全部能源。
• We project that this energy could be sold to consumers at rates equivalent to today’s rates for conventional power sources, about five cent kilowatt-hour ( kwh ). • 我们预计，这种能源的价格和常规电能的 价格相当，约五美分每千瓦小时。 • rate 比率, 速度, 价格, 费用, 等级
• Thanks for your attention !
• The US is lucky to be endowed with a vast resource; at least 250,000 square miles of land in the southwest alone are suitable for constructing solar power plants, and that land receives more than 4,500 quadrillion British thermal units ( Btu ) of solar radiation a year. • 幸好，美国资源丰富；仅西南部就至少有 25万平方英里的土地适合建设太阳能发电 厂，这些土地一年就能接收到超过450千兆 Btu的太阳辐射能。 • be endowed [indau] with具有, 赋有
大学科技英语课文翻译Unit 1-7
Unit1 Text A 石油1油，和煤一样，存在于沉积岩中，而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。
含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋，所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物，而不是树木。
2 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。
比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。
3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成，因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。
生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。
其脂肪不是分解腐烂，而是逐渐积聚，并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来，进而经过细微的原子重组，最终形成石油。
4 油比水轻，呈液态，会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透，在地球上有些地区到达表层，古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。
在古代和中世纪，这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。
5 当然，表层的油苗数量很少。
而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。
石油向上渗透抵达该岩石，然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。
若在上方的岩石上钻个孔，石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。
有时压力过大，石油会向高空喷出。
1859年在宾夕法尼亚州，由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。
6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点（勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构），那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料，这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。
而且一旦获得石油，可以通过地上管道运输，而不必像煤一样，由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。
7 石油便于抽取，易于运输，促进了石油的应用。
石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分，每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成，分子越小，该馏分就越容易蒸发。
8 到19世纪下半叶，最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油，它不易蒸发，被用于照明。
9 然而，到19世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。
内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合，产生爆炸来提供动力的。
最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分，由小分子构成，容易蒸发。
研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译4
1 Hello. My name is Stephen Hawking. Physicist, cosmologist and something of a dreamer. Although I cannot move and I have to speak through a computer, in my mind I am free. Free to explore the universe and ask the big questions, such as: is time travel possible? Can we open a portal to the past or find a shortcut to the future? Can we ultimately use the laws of nature to become masters of time itself?大家好，我是斯蒂芬-霍金，是物理学家、宇宙学家及梦想家，尽管身体不能活动，只能通过电脑与大家交流，但从内心中我是自由的，自由地探索宇宙，思考以下重大问题：时间旅行是否可行？能否打开一个回到过去的通道，或找到通向未来的捷径？我们最终能否利用自然规律成为掌控时间的主人？2 To see how this might be possible, we need to look at time as physicists do - at the fourth dimension. It's not as hard as it sounds. Every attentive schoolchild knows that all physical objects, even me in my chair, exist in three dimensions. Everything has a width and a height and a length.为了让这一切从虚幻变成现实，我们应以物理学家的角度来重新审视时间——即第四维。
科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7
Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in thecircuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance.对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。
2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighsexactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current.一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。
3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulserepetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged.在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。
4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage ofcharged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor.Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics.电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。
section2 1-4科技英语阅读与翻译
1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。
科技英语的翻译(汉译英)
科技英语的翻译
问题： those on chromosomes表示染色体的减少效应， 而不是染色体上的基因的减少效应。我们要的是 后者的意思。所以要写成those of genes。 Reduction effects是指粒重的减少效应，而不是 genes on chromosomes的减少效应，所以要加 上on grain weight。 改译为: The reduction effects of genes on chromosomes 1B and 2B on grain weight were obviously higher than those of genes on chromosomes 5A, 6B, 2D and 7D.
科技英语的翻译
例
2 The division frequency of protoplasts was lower in the liquid medium than that embedded in the medium containing agarose. 原生质体在液体培养基中的分裂频率低 于包埋在含有琼脂糖的培养基中的分裂 频率。
科技英语的翻译
例
2 Owing to these changes of basic equilibrium state, with the result that the basic characters of dynamics will be changed.
由于这些基本的平衡的变化，将导致动力学基
科技英语的翻译
问题： 两句是主从关系句。 改译为: The total area under natural protection reaches 19,330, which accounts for 2.1% of the total area of China.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
（直译）这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。
（意译）The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。
（意译）要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。
（意译）第4节翻译练习2The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。
（合译）太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。
（分译）医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。
（分译）These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。
（分译）制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。
前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。
（分译）第4节翻译练习3Cartography is the science of making maps.Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。
（增译）人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。
（增译）The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。
（增译）同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。
（省译）第4节翻译练习4Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。
向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。
通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。
2.1 词义的选择第1节翻译练习1The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles.In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。
（介词）粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。
（名词）地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。
（形容词）An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round.电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。
（动词）她腰围40英寸。
（副词）第1节翻译练习2Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data.To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.Certain isotopes are not found in nature.人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。
科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。
有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。
New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry.Kangaroos are found in Australia.This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.Plastics find wide application in our daily life.大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。
这种植物生长在近河口的海中。
新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。
微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。
塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。
第2节翻译练习1The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。
（技术性引申）通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。
（技术性引申）大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。
（修辞引申）The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor.The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors.元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。