英语写作的连贯性

英语写作的连贯性
英语写作的连贯性

英语写作的连贯性

按《大学英语教学大纲》要求,四级写作考试时间为30分钟,要求学生写出一篇120—150词的短文。试卷上可能给出题目,或规定情景,或给出段首句要求续写,或要求看图作文,或给出关键词,要求写成短文,要求能正确表达思想,意义连贯,无重大语法错误。

上述考试大纲所说的“能正确表达思想”,笔者认为,除了切题之外就是文章的连贯性要好。作文是一个有机的整体,它由段落组成,而段落是由一组与一定语境和上下文相联系的、在内容和结构上密切相关的、表达一个相对独立完整意思的句子组成的。那么,何谓连贯性?怎样才能连贯?这也是很重要的问题。

连贯性主要是对文章段落的结构而言。它要求段落中各句的组织与安排以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序进行,做到条理清楚,层次分明。

英语段落的一个基本特点是它一般按照直线形(direct linear structure)进行展开;英语段落往往先陈述该段的中心思想,后分点说明;英语段落从主题句到其他句子的安排通常是按照层级的概括性(planes of

generality)进行的。为了便于直观地考查英语段落线性发展的层次关系,我们用数字将其标出:主题句(这里研究的是英语典型段落,其主题句置于段首)标为plane 1(称为第一层级句,它对该段中心思想的概括性最强,通常是主题句和结论句);将概括性次之的句子标为plane 2(称为第二层级句);将概括性再次之的句子称为plane 3;然后以此类推,分别将其标为plane 4, plane 5等。英语段落往往形成一个有条不紊的层级系统,层层递进,环环相扣,具有内在的“粘合性”(cohesion)。例如:

①Nowadays,information plays a very important role in the development of our society.

②Commercial advertisements are one of information sources and at the same time they are means to spread information.③They tell us both the function and advantages of goods.④Certainly factories and firms who advertise their products will get a lot of benefits.①In brief,

without information it is not convenient for people to live in the modern society.

上面段落的句子层级呈简单的直线形发展:1→2→3→4→1。这是英语典型段落的发展模式。当然,还有更复杂的模式。下面是另一种常见的模式。

①American value manual labor.②They have great respect for craftsmanship.③For example,

some build small boats in their leisure time.③Others make new furniture or refinish antique

furniture.③ Others enjoys gardening or painting.④Many low income American families have

beautiful furniture or paintings or boats.①They make these things and they are proud of their manual skill.

上面段落在第三层级上出现平行的情况,段落发展的模式为:

1→2→3→3→3→4→1。在短文写作中,这些平行的层级多出现在第二层级,其次是第三层级。从上述两个层级模式的分析中可以看出,段落中心意思的发展是有秩序的,段内每一个句子都不是孤立而可以随意放置的。

下面是学生写的一个段落,让我们分析一下。

①In the past year,I failed to make much progress in my English study.②My English study

remained at an average level.②It was just so-so.②That is to say,it was neither better nor

worse than that of some of my classmates.(?)I feel very sorry for it.(?)I think I have to work hard to make greater progress in the new term.

上面这段的句子层级发展模式为:1→2→2→2→?→?,其中第2,3,4共3句的句义重复;第5,6两句主题句粘连不紧密,属无效写作。因此,整个段落缺乏一致性和连贯性。

要能在半小时内完成写作,并能较好表达思想,且无重大语法错误,还得培养用英语思维的习惯,避免汉式英语。有些考生用汉语写提纲,完全用汉语思维,然后将其译成英语,结果Chinglish比比皆是,根本没有一点儿英文味。因此,要提高写作质量,需注意的远非以上所论述的,必须训练用英语思维的能力,多练多模仿,写出地道的英文文章来。

考试大学英语作文

考试大学英语作文 eams at the very end of the joint university entrance eam, journalists always get a funny answer from graduated students: "now, what i want to do most is burn my tetbooks and eam papers." it seems few students have other ideas than to count the total number of all eam papers over a period of three years. it well be a wonderful number——over two thousand. really, such a surprising quantity of eams harms not only students bodies but also their social development. first, overburdening eams destroy students health. every day, all they do is stay inside and study. students have no time for regular eercise, which is an essential part of maintaining good health. day after day they go without adequate sleep, which lowers their resistance to disease. in addition, worrying about endless eams, students lose their appetites and are incapable of relaing themselves even during sleep. suffering from lack of eercise, little sleep, bad appetites, and long-term tension, students look pale

英语写作30个最经典的替换词

英语写作30个最经典的替换词 ,characters, folks替换(people ,persons) 2. positive, favorable, rosy (美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good 3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive替换 eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive. 4.(an army of, an ocean of; a sea of; a multitude of; a host of; many, if not most)替换many. 注:用many, if not most 一定要小心,many后一定要有词。 Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….用most, if not all ,替换most. 5. a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some 6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that替think(因为是书面语,所以要加that) ,business ,matter 替换thing 8. shared 代common huge fruits 替换get many benefits 10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion 11. Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly. Eg. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly 13..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful, ,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer ,extremely, intensely 替换very 16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换unnecessary, avoidable appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in one's attention替换attract one's attention. ,demension,sphere代aspect indicative of ,be fearful of代indicate, fear rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth 替换want. attention into 替换pay attention to in mind that 替换remember 26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思) 27. interaction替换communication on sth替换be against , disagree with sth name only a few, as an example替换for example, for instance 30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible 32. regarding / concerning 替换about. 33. crucial /paramount 替换important. 34. 第一(in the first place/the first and foremost);第二(there is one more point, I should touch on, that…);第三(the last but not the least). 35. assiduous 替换hard-working. 36. arduous 替换difficult. 37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor(因为poor通常含有贬义).

英语写作期末试题和答案解析

英语写作期末试题和答 案解析 https://www.360docs.net/doc/3617706314.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

Part I M ultiple Choice(15%) Directions:There are 15 incomplete statements in this part. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best ONE to complete the statement. (1’x 15=15’) 1. According to the rules of writing a title, “__________” is correct. A. The Way To Improve Our English-Speaking Ability B. My View on the Negative Effects of Ads C. the Myth of a Negro Literature D. the war of Independence 2. Which of the following sentences has punctuation error? A. The alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly. B. The alarm clock sounded; the students got up quick. C. The alarm clock sounded. The students got up quickly. D. When the alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly. 3. __________ does not contain in the principles of “choice of words”. A. Accuracy B. Arbitrariness C. Appropriateness D. Conciseness 4. What kind of figures of speech(修辞格)is used in the sentence “This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.” A. Metaphor B. Personification C. Simile D. Hyperbole 5. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _____his new album soon. A.release B. renew C. relieve D. rehearse 6. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, __________ to find it locked. A. only B. just C. hence D. thus 7. As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate __________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard 8. An introductory paragraph should arouse the reader’s interest and __________ the main idea of the essay. A. ignore B. introduce C. develop D. emphasize 9. Which of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier? A. Coming up the hall, I heard the clock struck 10. B. While Wendy was driving on Greenwood Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree began to fall toward her car.

英语写作句型

英语写作句型

句型一:分词作状语 Moved by the kids in the village, I decided to donate all my money to them. 被汶川的孩子们感动了,我决定把我所有的钱都捐给他们。 Seeing Dad working so hard, I could not help bursting into tears. 看到父亲工作这么辛苦,我忍不住怆然泪下。 点评:分词作状语可以用来替代时间、条件、原因等状语从句,让文章显得更加简洁,同时功底更深。 分词作状语的用法: 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一样时,可直接省略从句的主语,并把从句的谓语改成分词(主动语态改成现在分词,被动语态改成过去分词),从而构成分词作状语结构。 【例1】When I see Dad working so hard, I could not help bursting into tears. →Seeing Dad working so hard, I could not help bursting into tears. 【例2】Because I was moved by the kids in Wenchuan, I decided to donate all my money to them. →Moved by the kids in Wenchuan, I decided to donate all my money to them.

句型二:副词提前 Obviously, one of the best ways to keep healthy is to do sports. 显然,保持健康最好的方法之一是做运动。 Eventually, every child will leave home to lead his own life as a fully independent adult. 最终,每一个孩子都会离开家庭去过自己的生活,成为一个完全独立地成年人。 点评:如果要选一种最让人心生感触的句型,副词提前的做法即使不是最好,也是之一了。前置的副词让作者还没说出具体的事件,内心的想法已经呼之欲出。这正是这种无比简单的语法现象所焕发出的魅力所在。 除了提升情感效果之外,副词提前也是让文章结构清晰的一个非常好的办法。我们常用的firstly, furthermore, finally等等所谓的“逻辑词”都是属于这一种类型,童鞋们要时刻想着去用它。 注意事项: 用来提前的必须是——副词! 除了上面给出来的2个例句之外,再分享一篇作文里一个较难的句子,作文题目是“我最难忘的回忆”。 【例】... Oddly enough, my most precious memory lies in the days when I was ill in hospital...

大学商务英语写作考试复习题

大学商务英语写作考试 复习题 https://www.360docs.net/doc/3617706314.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

商务英语复习题 1.What information should be contained in the first information section of a resume? A.the job objective B.family history and gender identification C.the date D.contect information 2.Which of the following is a “6C” A.Colorfulness B.Concreteness https://www.360docs.net/doc/3617706314.html,fortability https://www.360docs.net/doc/3617706314.html,patibility 3.What is the first thing to appear on a bussiness letter A.the date B.the letterhead C.the inside address D.the attention line 4.When writing the date on a business letter you should take care to do what? A.make sure you always put the year first before the month and day B.always use only numbers in the date field C.make sure you always put the month first before the date and year D.spell out the month 5.How many spaces are needed between the complimentary close of a letter and the typed name of the person writing the letter? A.3 B.2 C.4 D. as many as needed 6.What should you do if you are worried that the reader of a request you are asking will not honor your request? A.write the letter in an indirect style B.write the letter in a direct style C.ask them to please grant your request D.be forceful and demand they honor your request

海外留学英语写作测试中的小词大用

海外留学英语写作测试中的小词大用 朗阁托福考试研究中心 做海外留学英语写作测试教学那么多年,几乎每次课堂中,只要问到学生关于对写作的感受,基本上都会听到差不多的答案,那就是语法和词汇的问题;也就是说大多数学生都认为只要词汇用的高级、有难度,就一定能够得到很高的分数。其实,这只是一个误区,而这个误区在一定程度上也是由于现在国内的教育状况造成的,当学生们已经习惯了这样的考试模式的时候想要进行改变那是比较难的。其实海外留学考试与国内的四六级考试还是有所区别的,在很多高分甚至是满分的作文中,我们都会发现整篇文章都没有一个生词,所以,问题的关键应该是在于如何灵活地运用这些我们非常熟悉的小词,如何让它们在作文中发挥大作用。在下文中,朗阁托福考试研究中心将给大家列举一些在雅思和托福写作中可以用得很精彩的小词以及它们的具体运用。 1.社会生活类 Skip: The poor tend to smoke more and skip breakfast, two factors which have major stress effects on the body. Better of: People of the lower end of the social economic status have stress levels in their bodies that worth 3 times higher than those who are better off. Reputation: Contrary to fears about the violent reputation of some games, there is no firm proof that playing them has a negative impact on children's behavior. Contribution: Video games have a positive contribution for education. Tough: The findings are likely to surprise supporters of tougher regulation of computer games. Midlife review: People need opportunities to make a "midlife review" to adjust to the later stages of employed life, and to plan for the transition to retirement. Update: Others can do voluntary work more effectively if they can update their

英语写作期末试卷

Part I Multiple Choice(15%) Directions:There are 15 incomplete statements in this part. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best ONE to complete the statement. (1’x 15=15’) 1. According to the rules of writing a title, “__________” is correct. A. The Way To Improve Our English-Speaking Ability B. My View on the Negative Effects of Ads C. the Myth of a Negro Literature D. the war of Independence 2. Which of the following sentences has punctuation error? A. The alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly. B. The alarm clock sounded; the students got up quick. C. The alarm clock sounded. The students got up quickly. D. When the alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly. 3. __________ does not contain in the principles of “choice of words”. A. Accuracy B. Arbitrariness C. Appropriateness D. Conciseness 4. What kind of figures of speech(修辞格)is used in the sentence “This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.”? A. Metaphor B. Personification C. Simile D. Hyperbole 5. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _____his new album soon. A.release B. renew C. relieve D. rehearse 6. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, __________ to find it locked. A. only B. just C. hence D. thus 7. As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate __________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard 8. An introductory paragraph should arouse the reader’s interest and __________ the main idea of the essay. A. ignore B. introduce C. develop D. emphasize 9. Which of the following sentences contains a dangling modifier? A. Coming up the hall, I heard the clock struck 10. B. While Wendy was driving on Greenwood Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree began to fall toward her car. C. When I was ten, my grandfather died. D. None of the above. 10. Which one is not used as a transition word to give examples?

英语写作好句的集锦

英语写作好句的集锦 英语写作好句集锦 1. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 2. Nothing is too difficult in the world if you set your mind into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 3. Every coin has two sides. 每枚硬币都有两面;凡事皆有好坏。 4. Don't troubles trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 5. No pains,no gains. 不劳无获。 6. Night had fallen before we knew it. 不知不觉夜幕就降临了。 7. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. 希望早日收到你的来信。 8. You are always throwing things about. Look, what a mess in your room! 你总是乱扔东西。瞧,你的房间乱成什么样了! 9. Not until yesterday did I get to know that. 直到昨天我才知道那件事。 10. It was not until yesterday that I got to know that. 直到昨天我才知道那件事。 11. No sooner had he left home than it began to rain. 他一离开家天就开始下雨了。 12. Hardly had he left home when it began to rain. 他一离家天就开始下雨了。 13. It is obvious that China is getting more and more powerful. 显然,中国正变得越来越强大。 14. It is reported that a terrible accident happened on Highway 22. 据报道,在22号公路上发生了严重的交通事故。 15. It is said that another earthquake will hit this island. 据说,这个岛还会发生地震。

大学英语专业英语写作试卷完整版

大学英语专业英语写作 试卷 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

Answer Sheet I . Rewrite the following titles according to general rules: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. II. Identify the figures of speech employed in each of the following sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. III. Sentence identification A. Identify sentences as simple, compound, complex or compound-complex. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. Identify sentences as loose, periodic, or balanced: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. IV. Rewrite the following according to the requirements listed in the brackets: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

V. Read the following, identify the mistakes and rewrite the sentences: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. VI. The following sentences are given in a wrong order. You are required to reorganize these sentences into a coherent paragraph by putting the numbers of these sentences into their correct order. The correct order: VII. Choose the most suitable topic sentence for each paragraph. 1. 2. 3. VIII. Choose from the following transitional expressions and put them in the blanks in the paragraphs. 1. 2. 3. 4. IX. Writing I. Rewrite the following titles according to general rules. (5 points, 1 point for each) 1. approaches to teaching english as a foreign language 2. what can the artist do in the world of today 3. hit-and-run accidents 4. best ways to say I love you 5. where i lived, and what i lived for

英语写作中常用的词语和句型

英语写作中常用的词语和句型 常用谚语(在议论文中): 1. As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. 2. As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”. On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it wil l do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides. 3. As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a way.” (有志者事竟成。) 4. As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps.”(观其交友,知其为人。) 5. As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”. (没有苦,就没有甜。) 6. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。) 7. More haste, less speed. (欲速则不达。) 8. Look before you leap. (三思而后行。) 9. He who laughs last laughs best. (谁最后笑,谁笑得最好。) ---关于因果关系的句型:

英语写作(一) 期末考试试题及参考答案

英语写作试题(一) I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points) The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided. Attaining Success in College Succeeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to success in the work place. To me, the three most important things for attaining a successful college experience are having smart classroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college success. The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’ mind. With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers. The “office hours” will help the students build a close relationship with their professors and give them access to the professors’ mind. From the professors the students can acquire possible extra information that may put them ahead of their study. All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions. So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable. Finally, any students who want to assure success must establish school as the top priority. Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation. Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes” often tell it all. This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career. It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsuccessful” one. This certainly rings true for me. I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve success, school must always be placed above other things. In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve success. I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart classroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, and of making college my top priority. Then, my college beginnings would not have been so rocky and tough. II. Write an outline (20 points) Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it. Smell Smell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other personis not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors. Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or

2017大学英语期末考试作文

2017大学英语期末考试作文 Until6 Write a article about your classmates’ eating habits using the results of Activity 6 in Part Three. Your composition should include both their similarities and differences. Sample 1 Our Eating Habit The survey shows that students usually spend little time eating. They eat three meals a day, with rice as their basic food (staple). Students from the North like pasta, for example, noodles, steamed bread, and dumplings. Most students like fresh fish, seafood and eggs. Most students eat their meals at the school cafeterias. They don’t cook at home, and some haven’t even tried cooking. Their parents or grandparents do the cooking in their families. What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables. They think fruit can provide all the necessary nutrients their bodies need. With some students, milk is gradually taking the place of water and other drinks. Besides, in many families, it is now the father who does

相关文档
最新文档