考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1994年part3
94年考研英语答案
94年考研英语答案【篇一：考研英语94年真题详细解析】>section Ⅰuse of englishthe first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. in speaking, the choice of words is breakdown is in the communication cycle. too often, careless use of ameeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. the words used by the speaker may interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception systemwhich is being transmitted to him. the speaker whodoes not have specific words in his working vocabulary may beto explain or describe in athat can be understood by his listeners.1. [a] of [b] at[c] for[d] on2.[a] inaccessible [b] timely [c] likely[d] invalid3.[a] encourages [b] prevents [c] destroys [d] offers4.[a] pass out[b] take away [c] back up [d] stir up5.[a] who[b] as[c] which [d] what6.[a] moreover [b] however [c] preliminarily [d] unexpectedly7.[a] that[b] it[c] so[d] this8.[a] speech[b] sense[c] message [d] meaning9.[a] obscure[b] difficult [c] impossible [d] unable10.[a] case[b] means [c] method [d] way一、文章结构总体分析语言中的首要的以及最小的单位是单词。
1994年考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记
1994年考研英语真题阅读理解精读笔记Text 1，spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private businessmen，striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive， operating under competitive pressures，largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response toshort supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost，， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.productive resources (private property)， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.In the American economy，the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In Line 7， Paragraph 1，“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means . ［A］ Americans are never satisfied with their incomes［B］ Americans tend to overstate their incomes［C］ Americans want to have their incomes increased［D］ Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that .［A］ producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production［B］ consumers can express their demands through producers［C］ producers decide the prices of products［D］ supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by .［A］ private property and rights concerned［B］ manpower and natural resources control［C］ ownership of productive resources［D］ free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about .［A］ how American goods are produced［B］ how American consumers buy their goods［C］ how American economic system works［D］ how American businessmen make their profitsText 1allow 10/E5lau/v.允许，准许；承认；让……得到，使……得以发生bid 4/bid/v.出价；投标；努力争取；n.买方的出价；投标；努力争取characterize 8/5kAriktEraiz/v.表示……的特性；描述……的特性commodity 6/kE5mCditi/n.商品，物品competition 16/kCmpi5tiFEn/n.比赛；竞争competitive 9/kEm5petitiv/a.竞争的，比赛的concept 15/5kCnsept/n.概念，观念，思想concern 20/kEn5sE:n/v.涉及，关系到；（常与with，about，in连用）关心，挂念；担心，担忧；n.（利害）关系；关心，挂念；担心，担忧contract 4/5kCntrAkt/n.契约，合同，包工；v.缩小，缩短；订（约）economic 33/7i:kE5nCmik/a.经济（上）的，经济学的economy 29/i(:)5kCnEmi/n.节约；经济eliminate 5/i5limineit/v.消除embrace 1/im5breis/v.拥抱；包含enterprise 5/5entEpraiz/n.事业，企（事）业单位；事业心，进取心express 8/iks5pres/v.表达，表示；a.特快的，快速的；n.快车，快运factor 13/5fAktE/n.因素，要素goods 9/gudz/n.商品，货物individual 23/7indi5vidjuEl/a.个人的，单独的；独特的；n.个人，个体largely 12/5lB:dVli/ad.主要地，基本上；大量地，大规模地lower 7/5lEuE/a.较低的，下级的，下游的；v.降下，放低mechanism 6/5mekEnizEm/n.机械装置，机构；机制motive 2/5mEutiv/n.动机，目的；a.发动的，运动的organize 5/5C:gEnaiz/v.组织，编组orient 4/5C:riEnt/n.［the O-］东方；v.定……的方位ownership 5/5EunEFip/n.所有（权），所有制pressure 10/5preFE(r)/n.压（力）；强制，压迫，压强；v.强制，迫使private 11/5praivit/a.私人的，个人的，秘密的，私下的process 40/prE5ses/n.过程，进程；工序，制作法；工艺；v.加工，处理product 14/5prCdQkt/n.产品，产物；乘积；结果，后果productive 5/prE5dQktiv/a.生产（性）的，能产的，多产的profit 6/5prCfit/n.利润，收益，益处；v.（by，from）得利，获益；利用；有利于property 7/5prCpEti/n.财产，资产，所有物；性质，特性purchase 6/5pE:tFEs/v.买，购买；n.购买的物品；购买regulate 4/5regjuleit/v.管制，控制；调节，校准relative 6/5relEtiv/a.（to）相对的，比较的；有关系的，相关的；n.亲属，亲戚resource 7/ri5sC:s/n.［pl.］资源，财力；办法，智谋；应变之才；设备respond 8/ris5pCnd/v.回答，答复；（to）响应response 9/ris5pCns/n.回答，回音；反应，响应result 50/ri5zQlt/n.结果，成果，成绩；v.（in）导致，结果是；（from）起因于，因……而造成sentence 14/5sentEns/n.句子；判决，宣判；v.宣判，判决strive 5/straiv/v.奋斗，努力system 35/5sistEm/n.系统，体系；制度，体制tend 30/tend/v.趋向，往往是；照料，看护basically 1/5beisikEli/ad.基本上，主要地businessman 8/5biznismAn/n.商人consumer 20/kEn5sju:mE/n.消费者mainly 14/5meinli/ad.大体上，主要地manpower 4/5mAnpauE/n.人力marketplace 2/5mB:kit5pleis/n.集会场所，市场maximize 1/5mAksmaiz/vt.最大值，最佳化mechanize 1/5mekEnaiz/v.机械化overstate 1/5EuvE5steit/vt.夸大，夸张producer 3/prE5dju:sE/n.生产者，制作者，演出人，（电影）制片人seller 4/5selE/n.售货者难句，d by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.【语法分析】1．核心句为：The American economic system is organized around a...economy。
1994年考研英语阅读真题解析
（1994）Text1核心词汇：1. market-oriented（以市场为导向的）←market市场+orient定位+ed形容词后缀。
2. embrace （v.拥抱；包含）即em+brace，em-（=in），brace词根“手臂”，故“使在手臂里”→拥抱→引申为“包含”。
brace作单词意为“v.支撑n.支柱”3. coupled with 与……相结合；bid up 哄抬物价；gain control over 获得对……的控制。
难句剖析：难句1：The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.这是一个有定语从句和宾语从句的复杂句。
首先要抓住的核心句为The American economic system is organized around a... economy，economy前面的定语在开始阅读时可以不看。
在economy后面是一个以in which引导的定语从句in which consumers largely determine，而这个从句中又有一个宾语从句what shall be produced。
在定语从句中又有一个by引导的分词结构spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most作状语，说明消费者是如何决定应生产何种产品，而这个方式状语中又有一个定语从句that they want most。
考研英语94-03完型真题翻译
1994年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.Moreover inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners.41. [A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on42. [A] inaccessible [B] timely [C] likely [D]invalid43. [A] encourages [B] prevents [C] destroy [D] offers44. [A] pass out [B] take away [C] back up [D] stir up45. [A] who [B] as [C] which [D] what46. [A] Moreover [B] However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly47. [A] that [B] it [C] so [D] this48. [A] speech [B] sense [C] message [D] meaning49. [A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable50. [A] case [B] means [C] method [D] way译文:就语言而言,可 论的首要的和最小的 是词 说话时，选词是最 要的 应的选词可 消除交际过程中可能 的障碍 用词粗心大意 阻碍说话人和 话人的思想交流 说话人使用的词汇可能引起 话人的 利反应， 而 扰 理解 因 ， 发 ##接 系统就会中断外，词 准确或 明确的词使 话人难 懂传递给他的信息 说话人的常用词汇中如没有 而精确词的话，就 可能用 话人能理解的方式 行解释或 述1995年全国硕士研究生入学考试Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, as if immune systems 里the self-protecting mechanism against diseases 里had crashed.41. [A] Either [B]Neither [C] Each [D] Any42. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred43. [A]subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful44. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded45. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose46. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction47. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with48. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on49. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce50. [A] if [B]as if [C] only if [D] if only译文睡眠通常被 所谓的 快 眼 睡眠阶段 REM=rapid eye movement 和较多长的非快睡眠 前者特点 眼球快速转 并做梦 们对 种形式的睡眠了解都 多，但是人们假设REM睡眠对大脑起羊某种 复 能 非快 眼睡眠起的作用更神秘 最 睡眠研究协会在明 阿波利 举行的会 ， 家们首次 述的一些 实验，对眼球非快速移 睡眠的作用的阐释 人着迷比如，人们早 了解到，完全剥夺 睡眠对老鼠 有100%的 命性，然而，在检查老鼠死尸时， 些 物看 去完全 常 一研究人员 阐明 些 物死亡原因的奥秘 老鼠患血液 菌感染，似 他们的免疫系统里里抵御疾病的自 保 机 里里 崩溃1996年全国硕士研究生入学考试Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements 里usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.41. [A] either [B] so [C]nor [D] never42. [A] shifting [B] transferring [C] altering [D] transforming43. [A] any [B] some [C] anything [D] something44. [A] serious [B] apparent [C] severe [D] fatal45. [A] mostly [B] partially [C] sometimes [D] rarely46. [A] in that [B]so that [C] such that [D] except that47. [A]undertakes [B] holds [C] plays [D] performs48. [A] Supply [B]Getting [C] Providing [D] Furnishing49. [A]exceptional [B]exceeding [C] excess [D] external50. [A] nevertheless [B] therefore [C] moreover [D] meanwhile译文维生素是有机化合物，饮 中必须 有少 维生素 维持 物 包括人 的生存和生长它们 提供能 ，也 构 身体的任何一部 ，它们的任 是把 物转 能 和维持身体健 少有13种维生素， 缺 中一种，缺 症疾病便明显可各种维生素都很相似，因 它们 同样的元素构 ，一般是碳 氢 氧，有时 有氮 它们的 同之处在 种维生素内部的元素排列 同，并 种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用虽然维生素对人体并无什 营 的用处，但吸收足够的维生素是必要的 管如 ，有些人 保 的想法， 是摄入过 的维生素 过，均衡的饮 一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的需求1997年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people swarm into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time, As industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.Even though its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This “disposable” work force is the most important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.41. [A] swarm [B] stride [C] separate [D] slip42. [A] For [B] Because [C]As [D] Since43. [A] from [B] in [C] on [D] by44. [A]Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that45. [A] durable [B] disposable [C] available [D] transferable46. [A] approach [B] flow [C] fashion [D] trend47. [A] instantly [B] reversely [C] fundamentally [D] sufficiently48. [A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas49. [A] imposed [B] restricted [C] enthusiasm [D] confined50. [A] excitement [B] conviction [C] enthusiasm [D] importance译文拥有 员56万人之众的劳 公司，是世界 最大的临时就业机构 天早晨，公司的员工 涌向美 的机 和工厂， 拿到日工资而 一天的工作 一次就一天了，因 一些工业巨头，如通用汽车公司的 际商用机器公司都靠裁员谋求生存，因 ，总部设在威 星州密尔沃基市的劳 公司得 旺起来 使美 的 济继续恢复，僵的 职人数和临时工的人数也 是 断增 种 一次性 的就业大 是当今美 济的最 要的 势，而 它 根本 改 了个人 职业的 系 种 象 些公司开辟了一条道路，使 既 失 际竞 力，又可 市场周期的冲 ，避免就业法规，医疗保健和 老金法案带来的日益增 的负担对 员而言， 将意味着 享有保障 福利， 有作 一个忠实 员的使命感1998年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, however is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists however is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. [A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted42. [A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal43. [A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate44. [A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely47. [A]however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover48. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for49. [A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated50. [A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked译文直到最 ，多数历史学家对工业革命 持强烈的批评态度 他们 认， 长 点来看，工业化的确大大地提高了普通老百 的生活水 但是，他们坚持说， 1750 到1850 期间，工业化的直接结果是广大英 人民的普遍贫困和 难 对比之 ，在 之前 1650 到1750 的100 间，英 是一个完全的 业 ，他们认 是一个富裕和繁荣的时期然而，人们普遍认 种 点是错误的 历史学和 济学方面的 家 证明了 事 1650 到1750 期间 极度贫困 特 ，而工业化显然没有使 种状况恶化 事实 可能改善了绝大多数 民百 的生活条1999全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations. Still others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must e used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety pays off. The fewer the injury claims, the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss.41. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with42. [A] alive [B] vivid [C]mobile [D] diverse43. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless45. [A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish46. [A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying47. [A] Some [B]Many [C] Even [D] Still48. [A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up49. [A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations50. [A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D] a profit译文安全生产并非始自今日 事故发生率较 的公司 安全 ， 力安排 的实施，并 断 力使 保持活力 发挥作用 当 述工作圆满完 时，一个无事故的作业 境便建立起来 在 ，因人员伤害而损失的时间便会保持在最 水各种有效的安全 侧 点 很 相同 有些 注 机械保 ，另一些则强强调通过招待各种规章 度来 行安全生产 有一些 则 要靠对工人们，晓之 理， 之 情 但是如果要 得最好的结果， 个安全都要遵循一定的基本思想安全生产的 值无 置疑 济角度来看，安全生产也是大有裨益的 伤害索赔 少，员工的保 率就 高 它可能意味着企业 营的盈2000全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain instead of consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family only if he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation channels and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be self-sufficient. He must either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.41. [A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than42. [A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since43. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards44. [A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose45. [A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D] raise46. [A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels47. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained48. [A] search [B] save [C] offer [D]seek49. [A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D] ratio50. [A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently译文民要想 ，必须在 消费 生产之间 力保持较大的距离 他必须储存大 的粮 ，而 是将全部粮 马 消费掉 只有生产有剩余，他才能 活他自 家人 民必须 如 种方式来使用 些剩余粮 留作播种用，留作备荒用，留作商品 掉 更 和买化肥用 要修建灌溉沟渠，或 他方式改善 ，也可能需要钱 没有余粮， 民就 能自给自足 要 掉一些 产，要 通过贷款 求资金 自然他会 力获 息贷款，但是 能 常借到 种 息贷款2001全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which makes the European Convention on Human Rights legally binding in Britain, laid down that everybody was entitled to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands with our British judges, ” he said.Witness payments became an issue after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were said to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity36. [A] since [B] if [C]before [D] as37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D]flash41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than43. [A] changes [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] entitled [D] qualified45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] inference [D] issue46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee译文界付款给那些牵到大案要案 诸如Rosemary West案 的证人， 买断 政府对 将要 查禁 了更有效地对 闻界实施合法监 ，大法官Irvine勋爵将草拟的法案 法案将提 ，付款给证人是非法的 在审判开始前，对案 的暴光度要 格在写给众 院 闻媒体特别 员会 Gerald Kaufman 的信中，Irvine勋爵说，他赞同 员会今 的 告， 告称，自 约束并未实施足够的监Irvine勋爵说，对欧洲立法中所包涵的 个人 私监 权的解释，将留给法官，而 是 会 招 闻媒体的一 抗 后 天，信被公之 世大法官说，引入 人权法案 使得 欧洲人权公约 在英 有了法律效力，按规定，人人都享有个人 私权，公众人物可 到法庭去保 自 家人他说 们英 的法官来负 ， 闻自 将安然无恙1995 ，Rosemary West被判十项无期徒 ， 后，付款给证人的作法 多的问题 据说，足有19个人因向 界讲述 历而获得 酬 人们开始 注 接 酬 可能会鼓励证人在法庭 夸大他们 历的事情，来保证 审团对被告 做 有罪的裁定2002全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between. As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the same time the communications revolution speeded up, beginning withtransport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing. They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller.It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live. The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed against “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental34. [A]ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] capacity [D] faculty36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C]influenced [D] effected39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with译文人们曾把20世纪电视的发展 15 16世纪印 术的传播 行过比较 然而在 段时间之间 发生过许多事情 如前面所 论的，直到19世纪， 才继小 子和书本之后， 期刊一起， 电子时 之前最 要的传媒 是 同时，通信革命 速发展， 铁路 输开始，发展到电 电话 无线电和电影，直到20世纪的汽车和 机 并非人人教 确地看到 一 程，而做到 点是很 要的然而，人们普遍认 ，20世纪初期 的电脑， 后60 发明的 电路，虽然对传媒没有产生立竿 影的影响，但是 完全改 了发展 程 着时间 移，电脑 得 来 小，性能 来 强，而 ， 着显示 效果 来 清晰 存储 来 大，电脑 只是团体机构的用 ，也 了个人的用 人一样，电脑也按 来 ，而 之间的间距 来 小是在 个 算机时 ， 信息社会 个词开始广泛用来 述 们所生存的 境 通信革命对工作 休闲 们思考和感 时空的方式都产生了影响，但是也产生了 济 政治 社会 文化 的 同看法 益处 要针对产生的 害处 来权衡 很难一概而论2003全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试卷Part ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best accommodate such changes. Growing bodies need movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their capabilities and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand39. [A]making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency译文教师需要对青少 智力 情绪和身体各方面的 化 注意，同时也要对他们如何 应 些 化 密 注 发育中的身体需要 和锻炼，而 仅仅是 了竞 ，因 总是要 应 的身体状况和智力和情感方面的诸多 挑战 青少 自 意识特别强，他们需要 的信心，看到自 的 就他们就需得到他人的赞扬 然而，青少 的生活中通常 是充满竞 ，所 明智之举是组 一些胜者多而败者少的活 ，例如 刊有许多学生撰写书评的通 ，展览学生的美术作品，赞 读书俱 部 各种小型俱 部可 提供多种多样的机遇，锻炼孩子的 才能，也可 借 体力 地提供实践机会 交 对青少 来说极 要，许多害羞的学生需要来自某种组 的安全感， 人的 则应处 几 看 的 蔽地在 些活 中须谨 青少 的注意力持续时间短 应当组 多种多样的活 迎合他们， 他们的 趣保持活跃，然后 接 别的活 ， 样 会使他们 安，也 会使 他参 者失望 并 是说 人一点 任也没有，相反， 人通过对青少 能力和注意力所 活 的策 通过对游 规则的清晰阐述， 学生获得一种参 感。
1994年考研英语阅读理解真题答案
1994年考研英语阅读理解真题答案1994年考研英语阅读理解真题答案对于考研的同学们来说，历年的英语阅读理解真题往往有很大的帮助。
下面店铺整理了1994年英语考研阅读理解真题及答案，希望对你有所帮助!1994年考研英语真题答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)Part A (5 points)1. [C]2. [A]3. [A]4. [D]5. [C]6. [C]7. [B]8. [B]9. [D]10. [B]Part B (5 points)11. [D] even12. [A] obvious13. [B] had come14. [B] that of the earth15. [C] to have been invented16. [A] Much as 或 Much though17. [B] make18. [A] Unless (=if... not)19. [C] 删去but 或将believing 改为believe20. [C] a great interest inPart C (10 points)21. [C]22. [A]23. [D]24. [B]25. [D]26. [C]27. [A]28. [B]29. [B]30. [B]31. [C]32. [A]33. [B]34. [D]35. [C]36. [C]37. [D]38. [A]39. [A]40. [B]Section II: Cloze Test (10 points)41. [A]42. [C]43. [B]44. [D]45. [C]46. [A]47. [B]48. [C]49. [D]50. [D]Section III: Reading Comprehension (40 points)51. [D]52. [D]53. [A]54. [C]55. [B]56. [C]57. [B]58. [B]59. [A]60. [C]61. [D]62. [A]63. [D]64. [D]65. [B]66. [C]67. [A]68. [C]69. [B]70. [B]Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71.他们(新学派科学家们)说，科学的'发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。
1994年考研英语考题和答案
1994年考研英语考题和答案1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IStructure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)1.By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.[A] shall stay[B] have stayed[C] will have stayed[D] have been staying2.I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given[B] having given[C] to have been given[D] to have given3.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the least.[A] of which[B] for what[C] as[D] whose4.The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.[A] not so[B] not much[C] much more[D] no more5.________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his research.[A] Because of[B] As to[C] In spite of[D] In view of6.Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution tothe study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.[A] is to be analyzed[B] has been analyzed[C] be analyzed[D] should have been analyzed7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________ all practical value by the time they were finished.[A] could lose[B] would have lost[C] might lose[D] ought to have lost8.No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.[A] one[B] that[C] such[D] what9.It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.[A] would be[B] being[C] was[D] to be10.Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.[A] as long as[B] as much as[C] as soon as[D] as well asPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)11.Similar elements in the prehistoric remainsA from both areas suggestB that Indians and their neighbours had maintainedC distant but realconnections everD before 1500 B. C.12.It soon became obviouslyA that instead of being trainedB to sing she wouldC be trained asD the astronomer’s assistant.13.He also conceivedA that the solar system and the universe would comeB int0 existence byC a natural process and would disappearD one day.14.The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times lessA than the earthB; in consequenceC,the force ofD gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth’s surface.15.“The Bunsen burner is soA named because it is thoughtB to be inventedC by Robert Bunsen, who was German byD birth.16.Much althoughA I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equalB her in thoroughness, whateverC the jobD.17.The weedsA and tall grass in that yard makesB the house lookC as if it had been vacantD for quite some time.18.If onlyA the nature of the aging process isB better understood, the possibility of discoveringC amedicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seemsD very remote.19.When I consider how talented he isA as a painterB, I cannot help but believingC that the publicD will appreciate his gift.20.Allen has statedA that he has always hadB a great interestC and admiration forD the work of the British economist Keynes.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)21.Please do not be ________ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.[A] disregarded[B] distorted[C] irritated[D] intervened22.Craig assured his boss that he would ________ all his energies in doing this new job.[A] call forth[B] call at[C] call on[D] call off23.Too much ________ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.[A] disclosure[B] exhibition[C] contact[D] exposure24.When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ________, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.[A] dim[B] blank[C] faint[D] vain25.It is well known that knowledge is that________ condition for expansion of mind.[A] incompatible[B] incredible[C] indefinite[D] indispensable26.More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the British Empire and become an independent country.[A] got off[B] pulled down[C] broke away[D] dropped off27.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ________ loud continuous noise.[A] subjected to[B] filled with[C] associated with[D] attached to28.Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to these mathematical systems.[A] oblige[B] owe[C] contribute[D] attribute29.As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something ________ researching int0.[A] precious[B] worth[C] worthy[D] valuable30.As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ________ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.[A] relieve[B] release[C] dismiss[D] discard31.Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ________ be able to walk.[A] in no time[B] by all means[C] in no way[D] on any account32.While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping ________ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.[A] occasionally[B] simultaneously[C] eventually[D] promptly33.One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great ________ to educate their children.[A] efforts[B] pains[C] attempts[D] endeavours34.If any man here does not agree with me, he should ________ his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.[A] put on[B] put out[C] put in[D] put forward35.I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be ________ to it.[A] connected[B] fastened[C] bound[D] stuck36.The English language contains a(n) ________ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.[A] altitude[B] latitude[C] multitude[D] attitude37.In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of these improvements through your active participation.[A] dimension[B] volume[C] magnitude[D] scope38.Your improper words will give ________ to doubts concerning your true intentions.[A] rise[B] reason[C] suspicion[D] impulse39.The news item about the fire is followed bya detailed report made ________.[A] on the spot[B] on the site[C] on the location[D] on the ground40.The remarkable ________ of life on the Galapagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.[A] classification[B] variety[C] density[D] diversion Section IICloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is （41） the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of （42） breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use ofwords （43） a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may （44）unfavorable reactions in the listener （45） interfere with his comprehension; hence, thetransmission-reception system breaks down.（46）, inaccurate or indefinite words may make （47） difficult for the listener to understand the （48） which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be （49） to explain or describe in a （50） that can be understood by his listeners.41.[A] of[B] at[C] for[D] on42.[A] inaccessible[B] timely[C] likely[D] invalid43.[A] encourages[B] prevents[C] destroys[D] offers44.[A] pass out[B] take away[C] back up[D] stir up45.[A] who[B] as[C] which[D] what46.[A] Moreover[B] However[C] Preliminarily[D] Unexpectedly47.[A] that[B] it[C] so[D] this48.[A] speech[B] sense[C] message[D] meaning49.[A] obscure[B] difficult[C] impossible[D] unable50.[A] case[B] means[C] method[D] waySection IIIReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, producethese goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turnwill lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51.In Line 8, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means________.[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52.The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production[B] consumers can express their demands through producers[C] producers decide the prices of products[D] supply and demand regulate prices53.According to the passage, aprivate-enterprise economy is characterized by________.[A] private property and rights concerned[B] manpower and natural resources control[C] ownership of productive resources[D] free contracts and prices54.The passage is mainly about ________.[A] how American goods are produced[B] how American consumers buy their goods[C] how American economic system works[D] how American businessmen make their profitsText 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest andwhich employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.55.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper[D] cash money wherever he wishes to56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57.The phrase “ring up sales” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means “________”.[A] make an order of goods[B] record sales on a cash register[C] call the sales manager[D] keep track of the goods in stock58.What is this passage mainly about?[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.[C] Significance of automation in commercialenterprises.[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.Text 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding -- the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest inexceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children -- the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children -- disabled or not -- to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59.In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60.The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potential[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61.This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62.From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisionsText 4“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people whosuffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas (胰腺).With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes (基因), are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven int0 action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutio nary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totallyeliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.“First, we ne ed to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”63.The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________.[A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade[B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright[C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years[D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered64.The author implies that by the year 2000, ________.[A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients[B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living[C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers[D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients65.Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________.[A] that are always in operation in a healthy person[B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated[C] that can be driven out of normal cells[D] which normal cells can’t turn off66.The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means ________.[A] dead[B] ever-present[C] inactive[D] potentialText 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply therealization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody tho ught of that before?”The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march toa different drummer.67.What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68.According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.69.The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph3 because ________.[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70.The phr ase “march to a different drummer”(the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of society[D] concerned about the advance of societySection IVEnglish-Chinese Translation Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences int0 Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) “In short,”a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments thatexpanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerpiece of the argument of atechnology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo’s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, accordingto the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eye-glasses.Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75) Whether the Government’s should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.Section VWritingDirections:[A] Title: ON MAKING FRIENDS[B] Time limit: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)OUTLINE:1. The need for friends2. True friendship。
考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1994 Passage 3
1994 Passage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding — the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.59. In paragrah 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ________.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration61. This passage mainly deals with ________.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country's founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisions重点词汇：denote （v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note记录，“记录下来”→表示。
考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2005)
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译
（2005－1994）
2005 Text
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlyingassumptionthat other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense ofgrievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that itisall too monkey, as well.
1994年考研英语试题及参考答案（3）
Passage 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inven- tions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and enor. Innovation is like soc- cer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently thanthey score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities."Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there' s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases onwheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody thought of that before?"The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the av erage person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparentLy simplest route. The in-novator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?A. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.B. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.C. A person who has had no education.D. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68 . According to the author , what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?A. The variety of ideas they have.B. The intelligence they possess.C. The way they deal with problems.D. The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because__.A. Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativityB. the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doingthings .C. the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch' s point of viewD. the quotation adds a new idea to the informatlon previously presented70. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that highlycreative individuals are__.A. diligent in pursuing their goalsB. reluctant to follow common ways of doing thingsC. devoted to the progress of scienceD. concemed about the advance of societyPart Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationAccording to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71 ) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques andtools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. "(73 )Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.The centerhiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Gialileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth atthe center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglass- es .Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Govemment should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice ver- sa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.。
1994年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
A. disclosure B. exhibition C. contact D. exposure
24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.
A. dim B. blank C. faint D. vain
25. It is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of mind.
A. incompatible B. incredible c. indefinite D. indispensable
27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ____ loud continuous noise.
A. subjected to B. filled with C. associated with D. dropped off
Ｃ Ｄ
17. The weeds and tall grass in that yard makes the house look as if
Ａ Ｂ Ｃ
it had been vacant for quite some time.
A. precious B. worth C. worthy D. valuable
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考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1994年part3Part ThreeExceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding - the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children - the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisionshave confirmed the right of all children - disabled or not - to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary step to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.9. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ____.[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children10. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ____.[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration11. This passage mainly deals with ____.[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children12. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ____.[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was clearly stated by the country's founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisionsUnit 1（1994）Part 3重点词汇：1．denote（v.表示）即de+note，de-向下，note记录，"记录下来"→表示。
Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means."明智"指的是以的方法追求的结果。
难句解析：①Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.第一个短句结构很简单，第二句中For these children to develop to their full adult potential是一个表示目的的状语，也可以看成是一个从主句their education must be adapted to those differences后面提前了的介词结构。
第一个短句中exceptional一词我们从文章后面的叙述中可以知道它不是我们一般理解的"杰出的，出类拔萃的"，而应指"反常的，有缺陷的"，其实此处的exceptional是一种"身有残疾"的委婉表达法；significant应理解为"重要的，关键的"，而第二句的develop to their full adult potential的develop是一个不及物动词，意为"发展，养成"，而potential是一个名词，意为"潜能"；be adapted to的意思是"被调整，适应"。
②While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.此句由一个while引导的让步状语从句the leading actor on the stage captures our attention和一个主句构成。