CET6-translation1冲刺
6级考前冲刺试题一含答案
６级考前冲刺试题一Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is Homeschooling Advisable? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 现在有不少家长让孩子在家上学2. 各人看法不同3. 我自己的观点Is Homeschooling Advisable?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Smoke and minorsMore teenage girls smoke than boys. Could it be because the tobacco industry plays on their desire to look fun, feel confident and stay thin?Forget BlackBerrys or wedges: the most desirable accessory for huge numbers of adolescent girls today is a cigarette. The trend began in the 1990s, when girls started to overtake boys as smokers; the gap grew to 10 percentage points in 2004 with 26% of 15-year-old girls smoking compared with 16% of boys. The gap has narrowed since but in 2009 girls are still more likely to smoke than boys.There has long been a synergy(协同作用) between the changing self-image of girls and the tricks of the tobacco industry. Smoking was described by one team of researchers as a way in which some adolescent girls express their resistance to the “good girl” feminine identity. In 2011, when Kate Moss creates controversy by smoking tobacco on the Louis Vuitton catwalk and Lady Gaga breaks the law by lighting up on stage, cigarettes have clearly lost none of their appeal.What‟s different today is the “dark marketing” techniques used by the tobacco industry since the end of “above-the-line” advertising in 2002. These appeal to girls‟ fears and fantasies, through online and real-world sponsorship.Tobacco manufacturers, for instance, have been accused of flooding Y ouTube with videos of sexy smoking teenage girls, while in a pioneering partnership with British American Tobacco,London‟s Ministry of Sound nightclub agreed in 1995 to promote Lucky Stri ke cigarettes. Most harmful because they are the most covert(隐蔽的), though, are the underground dance parties organised by Marlboro Mxtronic and Urban Wave, the marketing wing of Camel. Beneath the Camel logo, Urban Wave dance parties—stretching from Mexico to the Ukraine—hand out free cigarettes, and are themselves free: you must be invited and register, thereby helping the tobacco company build up a database. In the US a 2007 fashion-themed Camel 9 campaign was clearly targeted at young women, and so-called “brand stretching” has popularised tobacco brands on non-tobacco products, such as Marlboro Classic Clothes.Adolescent girls seem particularly susceptible to the blandishments of the tobacco industry. Susie, 15, began smoking two years ago. “It was on the common and everyone started experimenting. Y ou th ink, …Ooh, I‟m more cool, ooh I feel grownup and in with the crowd.‟” V anessa, 15, remembers that “it gave me a headrush, and it impressed my friends”. Becca, 21, became a regular smoker at 15. “We were going out and lying about our age and thought smoking made us look older.”Janne Scheffels, a Norwegian researcher, argued recently that teenage girl smokers view it as a kind of “prop(支撑)”in a performance of adulthood, a way of crossing the boundary between childhood and adolescence, and moving away from parents‟ authority. Be cca, says: “It felt like getting one over my parents: the fact that they didn‟t like it and couldn‟t stop it made me feel better.”Teenage smokers, the theory used to go, suffer from a lack of self-esteem. The reality is more complex. A succession of studies have found that smoking positions you in a group of “top girls”—high-status, popular, fun-loving, rebellious, confident, cool party-goers who project self-esteem (not, of course, the same as actually having it). Non-smokers are mostly seen as more sensible and less risk-taking.Smoking, says V anessa, is also bonding. Y ou start conversations with strangers when you ask for a light—an attractive social lubricant (润滑剂) for awkward teenagers. But the hub of teen smoking is break-time: it builds a girl‟s smoking identity. Sara, 14, sa ys: “That was when it became regular, when I started going out at lunch and break, round the corner from school where everyone smokes. Y ou become less close to people who don‟t go out.”Some smoke for emotional reasons: smokers are more likely to be anxious and depressed; having a cigarette is a way of dealing with stress. Twice as many teenage girls suffer from “teen anxiety” as boys, according to a report from the thinktank Demos last month.According to Amanda Amos, professor of health promotion at the University of Edinburgh, there‟s also a social class dimension: more disadvantaged teenage girls smoke, and they‟re less likely to give up. Then why aren‟t boys equally affected? This is where it gets particularly dispiriting. “Top boys” have alternative ways of displaying prestige, such as sport: smoking to look cool conflicts withtheir desire to get fit. Girls want to be thin more than fit: smoking, they believe, helps keep their weight down. One in four said that smoking made them feel less hungry and that they smoked “instead of eating”.Already in the 1920s the president of American Tobacco realised he could interest women in cigarettes by selling them as a fat-free way to satisfy hunger. The Lucky Strike adverts of 1925, “Reach for Lucky instead of a sweet”, one of the first cigarette advert campaigns aimed at women, increased its market share by more than 200%. Between 1949 and 1999, according to internal documents from the tobacco industry released during litigation in the US, Philip Morris and British American Tobacco added appetite suppressants to cigarettes.The industry has continued to exploit girls‟ and women‟s anxieties about weight. Since advertising was banned, says Amos, packaging is one of the few ways that tobacco companies can communicate with women. Y oung women looking at cigarette packs branded “slim” are more likely to believe that the contents can help make them slim. So no prizes for guessing the target market for the new “super-skinny” c igarettes—half the depth of a normal pack of 20—like V ogue Superslims, or the Virginia S.Until recently, few health education campaigns had taken on board the research into why young women smoke and so—unsurprisingly—had little impact. Some even inadvertently encouraged smoking: if you bang on about how bad cigarettes are you make them—to this group—sound good. And there‟s no point in trying to scare girls about developing cancer when they‟re old: they don‟t think they will be.The ones I interviewed know the health risks but use all kinds of strategies to exempt themselves: their uncles smoke and are fine; they‟ll stop when they‟re pregnant (they disapprove of smoking pregnant women); they‟ll stop to avoid wrinkles; they‟ll stop when they‟re “20 or 30”.The successful campaigns have been radically different. The brilliant late-1990s Florida “truth”campaign, eschewing(避开) worthy public health appeals, played the tobacco industry at its own game. Through MTV ads, a newsletter distributed in record shops, me rchandising, and a “truth” truck touring concerts and raves, it attacked the industry for manipulating teens to smoke, repositioning anti-smoking as a hip, rebellious youth movement. As a result, the number of young smokers declined by almost 10% over two years.It doesn‟t do to get morally anxious about girls and smoking. For one thing, now that—in year 10—”everyone smokes”, non-smokers and other independent-minded girls are acquiring a cool of their own. Smoking to look cool, it‟s even been suggested, risks you being judged a “try-hard”.On the other hand, cancer is the greatest cause of death among women and, as Amos points out, we haven‟t seen the full health consequences of this bulge of girls‟ smoking yet. Last week Amosaddressed the European parliament as part of Europe Against Cancer Week. Female MEPS (members of the European parliament) were shocked when she passed round packets of super-skinnies clearly targeted at girls, and discussed how women need to be empowered not to smoke. Girls need alternatives that make them feel as powerful, independent and attractive as they think cigarettes do. Smoking really is a feminist issue.1. In the 1990s, there was a trend that _______.A) girls desired for high-end products C) more teenage girls smoked than boysB) cigarettes became necessary to girls D) many boys started to quit smoking2. What do the examples of Kate Moss and Lady Gaga show?A) Sexy smoking teenage girls enjoy great popularity.B) Top brands tend to hire celebrities in their promotions.C) Few adolescent girls are satisfied with their appearance.D) Smoking is still very appealing to many teenage girls.3. What is said about the underground dance parties organized by Marlboro Mxtronic?A) They are hidden and extremely harmful. C) They can be found throughout the world.B) They give people enormous pleasure. D) They are mainly aimed at teenage boys.4. According to Janne Scheffels, adolescent girls regard smoking as _______.A) a sign of being anxious and depressedB) an act of defiance toward parental authorityC) a way of starting conversations with strangersD) an effective method of impressing their peers5. The author suggests that “top girls” _______.A) are less likely to be smokers C) are more sensible than other girlsB) can deal with stress very well D) don‟t actually have self-esteem6. Amanda Amos holds that disadvantaged girls _______.A) realize the harm of smoking C) want to get fit instead of being thinB) are less likely to stop smoking D) have healthy ways of losing weight7. What did American Tobacco do to attract women to cigarettes in the 1920s?A) It used substances that increased appetite.B) It handed out free cigarettes in public places.C) It sold cigarettes as a slimming aid for women.D) It produced cigarettes that had a sweet taste.8. Y oung women tend to believe that cigarettes in slim packs can help them to be ______________________________.9. Heath education campaigns had ______________________________ on stopping women fromsmoking because few of them studied the reason women smoke.10. The super-skinny cigarette packs which Amos presented at the European parliament______________________________ its female members.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) How to help their parents. C) How to spend a summer vacation.B) How to take computer courses. D) How to celebrate the last day of school.12. A) At his apartment. C) In the woman‟s home.B) In a hotel nearby. D) In his friend‟s dormitory.13. A) She has finished her thesis.B) A special day is coming over soon.C) The man was elected the chair of the department.D) There is something special about their school.14. A) There were a lot of good books. C) The books were too expensive to buy.B) He bought a lot of books over there. D) There were many people at the book sale.15. A) The man‟s glasses have been fixed already.B) The man may pick up the glasses on Friday.C) The man may pick up the glasses on Wednesday.D) The man‟s glasses have been fixed within a week.16. A) Lisa might be able to help. C) Sandy is busy with her engagement.B) Lisa is always on the Internet. D) Sandy is working on her lab reports.17. A) He exaggerated his part. C) He played his part quite well.B) He was not dramatic enough. D) He performed better than the secretary.18. A) An open door. C) A private room.B) An open discussion. D) A closed door.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Albania. C) Romania.B) Hungary. D) Czechoslovakia.20. A) Tomorrow. C) Immediately.B) Next month. D) Towards the end of the month.21. A) He may make a lot of friends there.B) He wants to visit his relatives there.C) He may do some market research there.D) He may enjoy the beautiful scenery there.22. A) Sell medical facilities. C) Establish personal contracts.B) Further personal contacts. D) Investigate personal contracts.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Social activities. C) Language activities.B) Cultural activities. D) Sports activities.24. A) Tuesday. C) Thursday.B) Wednesday. D) Friday.25. A) ￡5. B) ￡30. C) ￡50. D) ￡55.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They have to take a lot of courses.B) They don‟t need to go to labs.C) They take a very light class load.D) They have much free time for independent study.27. A) To establish a good image and a high reputation.B) To smoothly present their results and research.C) To make themselves confident and brave.D) To develop a creative mind.28. A) To make friends with their peers. C) To get the latest information.B) To get on well with their colleagues. D) To do research into other areas.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) The degree they disrupt the computer. C) The space they occupy in the Internet.B) The way they reproduce and spread. D) The target they mainly attack.30. A) It first appeared in 1988. C) It first broke out in Britain.B) It traveled via e-mail messages. D) It was meant to steal documents.31. A) They don‟t damage computer systems.B) They need to attach themselves to other files.C) They could spread on their own through computer networks.D) They replicate themselves when data is shared with another computer system.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) The components and functions of films.B) The standards used to value a film.C) The whole process of movie-making.D) The future development of the movie industry.33. A) Musical score. C) Special effects.B) Clothing design. D) The credits.34. A) It can make all the audiences crazy. C) It can spoil the image of an actor.B) It can affect the fashion of the world. D) It can make an ordinary person leap to fame.35. A) It was made during World War II. C) It reflects things in World War II.B) It was made for politicians. D) It was made for peace lovers.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill inthe missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you havejust heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage isread for the third time, you should check what you have written.The social effects of job-sharing are likely to be beneficial, since it attempts to match work opportunities to a wider variety of lifestyles. The (36) _________ of one full-time and one part-time spouse might become much more common: which was the husband and which was the wife would vary according to taste, time of life and career (37) _________.What exactly is job-sharing? The Equal Opportunities Commission (38) _________ it as “a form of part-time employment where two people (39) _________ share the responsibility of one full-time position.” Salary and benefi ts are (40) _________ between the two sharers. Each person‟s terms and conditions of employment are the same as those of a full-timer. If each works at least 15 hours a week, then they enjoy certain (41) _________ rights that ordinary part-time workers do not have.Part-timers usually earn less per hour than a full-timer, and have fewer benefits and less job (42) _________. They have virtually no career prospects. Employers often think that working part-time (43) _________ that a person has no ambitions and so offer no chance of promotion.(44) ___________________________________________________________________ and that does not mean just married women. As Adrienne Broyle of “New Ways to Work”—formerly the London Job-Sharing Project —points out: “(45) ___________________________________________________________________”.“A growing number of men want to job-share so that they can play an active role in bringing up their children. It allows people to study at home in their free time, (46) ___________________________________________________________________. Job-sharing is also an ideal way for people to ease into retirement”.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewestpossible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Overprote ctive parents inhibit more than their kids‟ freedom: they may also slow brain growth in an area linked to mental illness. Children whose parents are overprotective or neglectful are believed to be more susceptible to psychiatric disorders — which in turn are associated with defects in part of the prefrontal cortex (皮层).To investigate the link, Kosuke Narita of Gunma University, Japan, scanned the brains of 50 people in their 20s and asked them to fill out a survey about their relationship with their parents during their first 16 years. The researchers used a survey called the Parental Bonding Instrument, an internationally recognized way of measuring children‟s relationships with their parents. It asks participants to rate their parents on statements like “Did not want me to grow up”, “tried to control everything I did” and “tried to make me feel dependent on her / him”. Narita‟s team found that those with overprotective parents had less grey matter in a particular area of the prefrontal cortex than thosewho had healthy relationships. Neglect from fathers, though not mothers, also correlated with less grey matter. This part of the prefrontal cortex develops during childhood, and abnormalities there are common in people with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. Narita and his team propose that the excessive release of the stress hormone cortisol(皮质醇) —due either to neglect, or to too much attention —and reduced production of dopamine as a result of poor parenting leads to stunted grey matter growth.Anthony Harris, director of the Clinical Disorders Unit at Westmead Hospital in Sydney, Australia, says the study is important for highlighting to the wider community that parenting styles can have long-term effects on children. But he adds that such brain differences are not always permanent. “Many individuals show great resilience(弹性),”he says. Stephen Wood, who studies adolescent development at the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre in Australia, says the brain abnormalities cannot necessarily be blamed on children‟s relationship with their parents. He points out that the subjects studied may have been born with the abnormalities and as a result didn‟t bond well with their parents, rather than vice versa. Wood also takes issue with the study team‟s decision to exclude individuals with low socioeconomic status and uneducated parents — two factors known to contribute to poor performance in cognitive tests. “The effect they found may be real, but why worry about parenting if there are other factors that are so much larger?” he says.47. It is believed that children with overprotective or neglectful parents are _____________________.48. The researchers from Gunma University of Japan used a survey —the Parental Bonding Instrument — to measure _____________________.49. Narita‟s team found that children whose parents are overprotective or neglectful had _____________________ in part of the prefrontal cortex.50. Stephen Wood from the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre in Australia says that children‟s relationship with their parents cannot necessarily be blamed for _____________________.51. Stephen Wood believes that if there are other factors that are so much larger, it is no need worrying about _____________________.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby‟s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New Y ork one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy, triggering the most severe financial crisis since the 1920s.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndre w, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm — double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst‟s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world‟s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby‟s and Christie‟s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile (动荡的). But Ed ward Dolman, Christie‟s chief executive, says, “I‟m pretty confident we‟re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie‟s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds — death, debt and divorce — still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.52. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst‟s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because .A) the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB) the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC) Beautiful inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD) it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis53. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1-2, Para.3), the author suggests that .A) art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentB) collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsC) people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesD) works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying54. What do we learn about the art market from the passage?A) Nobody has confidence in the future of the art market.B) The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C) The art market generally went downward in various ways.D) Sales of contemporary art rose dramatically from 2007 to 2008.55. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are .A) auction houses‟ favorites C) factors promoting artwork circulationB) contemporary trends D) styles representing impressionists56. What is mainly discussed in the passage?A) Art market in decline.C) Fluctuation of art prices.B) Up-to-date art auctions.D) Shifted interest in arts.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can‟t figure out how to change people‟s habits,”said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygi ene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers‟ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you‟ll find that many of the products we use every day —chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twicea day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn‟t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers‟ lives, and it‟s essential to making new products commercially viable (可行的).”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through cruel and endless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics(手段) have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.57. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap .A) should be further cultivated C) are deeply rooted in historyB) should be changed gradually D) are basically private concerns58. The example of brushing teeth shows that some of consumer‟s habits are developed due to .A) perfected art of products C) commercial promotionsB) automatic behavior creation D) scientific experiments59. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to .A) show the urgent need of daily necessitiesB) reveal their impact on people‟ habitsC) indicate their effect on people‟ buying powerD) manifest the significant role of good habits60. How did Carol Berning see creating automatic behaviors among consumers?A) It may not bring huge profits for companies.B) It has become a new field of scientific research.C) It means a heavy investment for companies.D) It is necessary for the success of new products.61. What is the author‟s attitude toward the influence of advertising on people‟s habits?。
英语六级翻译冲刺指南
英语六级翻译冲刺指南英语六级考试中的翻译部分一直是考生们最头疼的一环，不仅要求考生具备良好的英语基础，还需要掌握一定的翻译技巧和方法。
为了帮助广大考生顺利通过英语六级考试，下面给出一些翻译冲刺指南，希望对大家有所帮助。
1. 掌握基本翻译技巧在英语六级翻译中，首先要掌握的是基本的翻译技巧。
包括对英语语法和词汇的熟练掌握，以及对中文和英文之间的语言逻辑结构的理解。
同时，要注重细节，如固定搭配、惯用语表达等，这些细节往往能决定翻译的准确性和流畅度。
2. 多练习积累经验熟能生巧，多练习是提高翻译水平的关键。
可以从各种文体的文章中找到不同类型的翻译题目进行练习，积累翻译经验。
在练习过程中，要注意查漏补缺，及时总结错误，不断提高自身的翻译能力。
3. 注重语境理解翻译的一个重要环节是对语境的理解。
在翻译过程中要注重原文的语境，尽量还原原文的意思，在不改变原义的情况下完成翻译，避免片面理解或脱离语境的情况发生。
4. 善用工具辅助在翻译过程中，可以善用各种工具来辅助翻译，如在线词典、翻译软件等。
这些工具可以帮助考生更快速地查找词汇或短语的翻译，提高翻译的效率。
5. 注意词汇积累词汇是翻译的基础，考生需要注重平时的词汇积累。
可以通过背单词、阅读等方式扩大词汇量，提高翻译的准确性和流畅度。
总的来说，英语六级翻译是一个需要综合能力的考察环节，考生在备考过程中要注重基础知识的打牢和翻译技巧的掌握，多做练习，不断提高翻译水平。
希望以上翻译冲刺指南对大家有所帮助，祝广大考生顺利通过英语六级考试！。
全国英语六级考试翻译最后冲刺训练
全国英语六级考试翻译最后冲刺训练全国英语六级考试翻译最后冲刺训练Try to think in English whenever possible. When you see something think of the English word of it; then think about the word in a sentence.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的全国英语六级考试翻译最后冲刺训练，希望能给大家带来帮助!part 1请将下面这段话翻译成英文：茅台酒(Moutai)同苏格兰威士忌和法国白兰地(cognac)并称为“世界三大名酒”。
它产生于距今2000多年前的汉代。
1915年，茅台酒在巴拿马万国博览会上被评为金奖产品，从此扬名世界。
茅台酒除了满足国内需求外，还远销世界许多国家。
茅台酒以色清透明、人口柔绵、清冽甘爽、回香持久等特点而名扬天下。
茅台酒是利用茅台镇独特的气候、优良的水质和适宜的`土壤，采用与众不同的酿酒工艺(brewingtechniques),再经过一系列复杂的工序酿制而成。
如今，茅台被中国人称为“国酒”。
参考翻译:Chinese Moutai, Scotch whiskey and French brandyare known as “the world's three famous wine”. Itoriginated in the Han Dynasty which was over 2,000years from now. In 1915 Panama World Exposition,Moutai was awarded Gold Medal and it has becomefamous worldwide ever since. Besides meeting the domestic demands, Moutai is also exportedto many countries in the world. Moutai is famous for the features like being clear andtransparent in color, being smooth, fresh and cool in taste and its long-lasting fragrance.Taking advantage of the unique climate, excellent water quality and suitable soil in MaotaiTown, people brew Moutai wine by using distinctive brewing techniques and a series ofcomplicated procedures. Now, Moutaiis called the national wine in China.1.称为：即“被称为”，可译为be known as。
6月英语六级翻译冲刺练习及答案
6月英语六级翻译冲刺练习及答案尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。
这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比拟时，显得更加突出。
在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准那么，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬那么多以道德为准绳。
这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。
几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。
译文：Although ancient Chinese mythology does not haverelatively plete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When pared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtueis even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affectedpeople's ments on historical figures and expectations of real people.当今社会，客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。
英语六级考试全国统一模拟冲刺试卷答案及听力原文
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) :1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．D8．prevent a recurrence9．over a longer period of time10．a large randomized clinical trialPart Ⅲ Listening Comprehension:11．B 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．D16．A 17．C 18．C 19．A 20．C21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B26．B 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A31．B 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A36．broad 37．unknown38．academic 39．concentrate40．separation 41．activities42．except 43．journals44．When foreign learners first have the opportunity to speak to an English-speaking person, they may have a shock45．Thirdly, these people tend to use totally different styles of speech in different situations46．students have difficulty in understanding English-speaking people, these people may also have difficulty in understanding the students!Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）:47．bringing fantasy and fun to families48．He had roots in his humble, middle-class upbringing.49．He joined the Red Cross.50．the ability to meld entertainment content with programming51．the international expansion52．C 53．B 54．D 55．C 56．D57．C 58．A 59．A 60．C 61．DPart V Cloze:62．C 63．B 64．A 65．C 66．A67．B 68．C 69．A 70．C 71．D72．B 73．B 74．A 75．C 76．C77．D 78．B 79．A 80．C 81．DPart VI Translation:82．the economic crisis brought such a giant impact to my company.83．are we able to win the battle84．To rebuild our new homes85．he was always regarded as the most unstable factors in the team86．If you had been aware of the importance of the issue earlier听力原文：Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)SECTION ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example: You will hear:A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)“5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］11.M: How do you think of my new suit? I think I should dress more professionallyafter I got this new job.W: Well, the style is fine. But trust me, you might want to consider the choice of colorQ: What does the woman say about the man’s suit?12.M: Shall we try the new restaurant ? Joan said that it served the best food she hadever had.W: Sounds wonderful.. But I had to give a presentation tomorrow and I need to do a trail runQ: What is the woman going to do?13. W: I’ve been working on this thesis for more than 30 hours now. I feel exhausted,and the headache is killing me. I think I need a change of pace M: I hate to say but I told you soQ: What does the man suggest the woman to do?14. W: We haven’t had such a severe winter for so long. The forecast calls for heavysnow again tonight. I’m glad we’ll be getting away from this for a week.M: Me too . But let’s call tomorrow morning before we leave for the airport to make sure our flight hasn’t been delayed or canceledQ: What can we learn from the conversation?15. M: Oh, I must register for Dr Johnson’s class, but the problem is that I don’t getpaid until tomorrow. Could you hold a place for me until tomorrow?W: I’m sorry, but we are not permitted to reserve spaces in a class without full payment or a note from the professor .I’m afraid you’ll have to wait and take your chances.Q: What does the woman imply?16. W: So how was the play last night? Did I miss out anything good?M: Hardly, I kept looking at my watch the whole time.Q: What does the man mean?17. W: There are so many children at the school. I wonder how the teacher keeps track of them!M: I used to get cold feet at the thought of teaching a class of 100. That’s a fact.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?18. M: I heard that you’ve been to Maine for two weeks last summer. How is your vacation?W: The weather is terrible and the hotel food makes me sick. I used to enjoy going there though.Q: What conclusion can be made about the woman’s holiday?Conversation OneM: Listen! I’m terribly sorry. I’m l ate.W: I’ve only been waiting for over an hour, that’s allM: Yes, I know, and I would have…….Just let me explain . I…I tried to get here in time, but just after I left home, the car broke down,W: The car broke down?M: Yes, and ….well…luckily…there was a garage near me, And,,,,and it took them a while to repair it,W: Why didn’t you at least phone?M: I would have! But I didn’t know the number of the restaurant.W: You could have looked it up in the telephone book!M: Yes, but…You’ll never believe this…I couldn’t remember the name of therestaurant. I knew where it was, but forgot the name,W: I see, Well, it was lucky you find a garage to repair your carM: Yes, It was something I couldn’t do myself, It didn’t take too long, but that’s why I’m late, you see.W: HU huh. Which garage by the way?M: Uh……The one near my flat, Lewis Brothers.W: I know the garage very well!M: Yes, Let’s see now. Let’s have something to eat, What about some…..W: A pity it’s Sunday.M: Pardon?W: A pity it’s Sunday.. The gara ge is closed on Sunday!Questions19 to 22 are based on the longer conversation you have just heard.19. When should the appointment be?20. Which name did the man forget?21, Where does the conversation take place?22.What do we learn from the conversation?Conversation TwoW: What did you do during the earthquake, James?M: Stayed in bed.W: What do you mean? Didn’t you try to get outside?M: No, I’d got terrible flu, so I just stayed in bed,W: So what happened?M: Well, I must have slept through the first earthquake although nobody believes me.They said it was so noisy, Then I woke up about four in the morning, Stillfeeling terrible with the flu, Eyes running, nose running, You know how you feel when you got the flu.W: Don’t I just. I’ve been lucky so far this year though.M: So I decided to get up and make a cup of tea, I’d just got into the kitchen when I started to feel all unsteady on my feet, Then I got this roaring noise in my ears. I still thought it was the flu, you see.W: So what happened then?M: Well, I slowly realized that it wasn’t me feeling dizzy and the noises weren’t in my head. I heard the people upstairs screaming, The wooden floor started moving up and down, the doors and windows started rattling and banging, all the kitchen cupboards were thrown open and cups and saucers came crashing to the floor, the kitchen clock fell from the wall…….W: Well, what did you do?M: What could I do ?I just stood there and watched.W: Why didn’t you try to get out?M: I told you, I was feeling too ill. And the nearest park was a long walk from my flat, And I didn’t want to be with a lot of people. So I just stayed in bed and hoped for the best, I didn’t really think the house was going to fall down around me. Though several did, I found out there,Questions23 to 25 are based on the longer conversation you have just heard.23. What was wrong with the man?24. What happened to the man during the first earthquake?25. What was the man doing when the second earthquake came?SECTION BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneScientists in Canada say big ocean fish have almost disappeared from the world since the start of industrial fishing in the 1950s. The scientist found that populations of large fish like tuna, swordfish and cod have dropped by 90 percent in the past fifty years.The study took 10 years. The researchers gather records from fishing business and governments around the world. The magazine Nature published the findings.The scientists say the common method called longline fishing is especially damaging to populations of large fish. This method involves many fishing lines connected to one boat. These wires can be close to 100 kilometers long, They hold thousands of sharp metal hooks to catch fish.Longline fishing is especially common in the Japanese fishing industry,The scientists say industrial fishing can destroy groups of fish much faster than in the past. The study suggests that whole populations can disappear almost completely from new fishing areas within 10 to 15 years, Dr,Worm says the destruction could lead a complete re-organization of marine life systems. He also suggests that the decreased number of large fish is not the only worry. Even the population that are able to reproduce do not get the chance to live long enough to grow as big as their ancestors. He says not only are there fewer big fish ,they are smaller than those of the past.Questions26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.Which of the following large fish is not mentioned whose populations have dropped dramatically during the past fifty years?27.What’s the problem of longline fishing?28.According to Dr,Worm, what will happen in the future?Passage TwoPeople often show their feelings by the body positions they adopt. These can contradict what you are saying, especially when you are trying to disguise the way you feel. For example, a very common defensive position, assumed when people feel threatened in some way, is to put your arm or arms across your body. This is a way ofshielding yourself from a threatening situation. This shielding action can be disguised as adjusting one's cuff or watchstrap. Leaning back in your chair especially with your arms folded is not only defensive, it's also a way of showing your disapproval, of a need to distance yourself from the rest of the company.A position which betrays an aggressive attitude is to avoid looking directly at the person you are speaking to. On the other hand, approval and desire to cooperate are shown by copying the position of the person you are speaking to. This shows that you agree or are willing to agree with someone. The position of one's feet also often shows the direction of people's thoughts, for example, feet or a foot pointing towards the door can indicate that a person wishes to leave the room. The direction in which your foot points can also show which of the people in the room you feel most sympathetic towards, even when you are not speaking directly to that person.Questions29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. According to the passage, what reveals a person’s feeling?30. According to the passage, what does a person mean when he puts his arms across his body?31.What does a man mean when he adopts the same position as the one he is speaking to?32. According to the passage, what may tell us if a person wants to leave?Passage ThreeHave you heard of the old saying that laughter is the best medicine? Then listen to this. Seriously, research has already shown that mental stress can restrict blood flow to the heart. But now a study has linked laughter to increased blood flow. Laughter appears to cause the tissue inside blood vessels to expand. As a result, laughing may be important to reduce the risk of heart disease So says Doctor Michael Miller of the university of MaryLand Medical Center. He led a study of 20 men and women, all healthy. To get them to laugh, they watched part of t he movie “Kingpin”, a 1996 comedy. To create the opposite emotions, they watched the opening battle in the 1998 war movie “Saving Private Ryan”.The researchers used ultrasound technology to measure changes in blood flow through an artery in the arm. Blood flow increased in 19of the 20 people after they watched “Kingpin”. The increase was an average of 22percent. Doctor Miller says that is similar to the effects of aerobic exercise.Blood flow decreased in 14 of the 20 people after they watched “Saving Priv ate Ryan”. The decrease was an average of 35 percent.Studies have shown that stress can reduce the body’s ability to fight disease. When the body is under stress, it produces hormones such as adrenalin. But too much of these hormones can be harmful.Questions33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard33.What can we learn about laughter from the passage?34.What did Doctor Michael Miller do to get the 20 people laugh?34According to the passage, how does stress do harm to a person?Section CDirection:In this section, you’ll hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words, Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上做答Students may face problems when they follow a course of study through the medium of English—if English is not their mother tongue.The problems can be divided into two （36）broad categories: psychological and linguistic.Some of the common psychological problems really involve fear of the （37）unknown: for example, whether one's （38）academic studies will be too difficult, whether one will fail the examinations, etc. All students share these apprehensions. It's probably best for a student not to look too far ahead but to （39）concentrate day-by-day on increasing his knowledge and developing his ability. The overseas student in Britain may also suffer from （40）separation from his family and possible homesickness; enjoyment of his （41）activities in Britain and the passage of time are the only real help here.Now let’s look at the linguistic problems. Most students will have learnt English at school, but if they've already been to college or university in their own countries they'll have studied mostly in their own language （42）except, perhaps, for reading some textbooks and （43）journals in English. In other words, they'll have had little everyday opportunity to practice using English.（44）When foreign learners first have the opportunity to speak to an English-speaking person they may have a shock: they often have great difficulty in understanding! There are a number of reasons for this. I'll just mention three of them.Firstly, it seems to students that English people speak very quickly. Secondly, they speak with a variety of accents. （45）Thirdly, these people tend to use totally different styles of speech in different situations, e.g. everyday spoken English, which is colloquial and idiomatic, is different from the English used for academic purposes. For all of these reasons students will have difficulty, mainly because they lack practice in listening to English people speaking English. Don't forget, by the way, that if （46）students have difficulty in understanding English-speaking people, these people may also have difficulty in understanding the students! That’s because they have the ideas, they knows what to say (in their own language) but they doesn't know how to say it in English.。
CET-6翻译拿分冲刺
CET-6 Translation（2006年6月24日-2012年12月22日）六级翻译比四级出的“乱”，词汇短语多一些。
叔只能帮大家那么多了！考前快速浏览一遍！CET-6 翻译考点汇总一. 虚拟语气考点1. 名词从句中的虚拟语气，从句中用（should）+动词原形，should 可以省略2010 年6 月19 日（考点：虚拟语气）85. Most educators advise that kids ____________________ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏)。
(should) not be addicted to computer games(should) not indulge themselves in computer games (should) not abandon themselves to computer games2008 年12 月（考点：虚拟语气，搭配）题目数量语法词汇短语考点1.虚拟语气13 名词从句条件从句其他词汇（should）+动词原形现在，过去，将来的三种形式if only, would rather, but for，but等2.倒装8 Only+状语前置否定词，否定短语前置3.不定式34.比较结构3 not so much...as5.宾语从句3 注意从句的语序6.分词作宾补分词做状语3 find oneself doing sth.7.定语从句28被动语态29.介词搭配2 To one’s surprise10情态动词2 must have beenmust be11.before状从1 It was thirty years before...12让步状语从句1 no matter what13强调句1 It is/was...that14其它搭配拼写27 详见解释284. I don’t think it advisable that parents _____________________________（剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish.(should) deprive their children of the freedom2. 条件从句：主考过去相反的虚拟语气。
四六级翻译冲刺必背句
四六级翻译冲刺必背句1.过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。
The tradition ofcelebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.2.他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心。
Their poems touch the hearts of bothscholars and ordinary people.3.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
The innovation of China isbooming at an unprecedented speed.4.自上世纪70 年代后期以来，捕捞鱼蟹对沿湖的居民来说极为重要，并对周边地区的经济做出了重大贡献。
Since the late 1970s, harvesting fish and crabs has been very important to people living along the lake and has made great contributions to the economy of the surrounding areas.5.在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。
In the next 5 years, China will provide assistance to other developing countries in terms of povertyreduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environment protection, health care and so on.6.方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。
大学英语六级考试冲刺试题附答案
大学英语六级考试冲刺试题附答案大学英语六级考试冲刺试题附答案today, give a stranger one of your smiles. it might be the only sunshine he sees all day.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学英语六级考试冲刺试题附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Anne Whitney, a sophomore (大学二年级学生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher. " Another student in biology had similar experiences. He said, "My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even write them down!"These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.Special university advising courses try to help students. In these courses, advisors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students taketests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show (heir anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with (heir tensions. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.An expert • at the University of California explains, " With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great. "26. To "blank out" is probably______.A. to be like a blanketB. to be sure of an answerC. to be unable to think clearlyD. to show knowledge to the teacher27. Poor grades are usually the result of______.A. poor sleeping habitB. lazinessC. lack of sleepD. inability to form good study habits28. Test anxiety has been recognized as______.A. an excuse for lazinessB. the result of poor study habitsC. a real problemD. something that cannot be changed29. To deal with this problem, students say they want to______.A. take a short course on anxietyB. read about anxietyC. be able to manage or understand their anxietyD. take tests to prove they are not anxious30. A University of California advisor said______.A. all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety programB. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California advising courseC. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety courseD. students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California advising course参考答案26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B。
四、六级翻译冲刺练习
四、六级翻译冲刺（胡登攀）四、六级翻译冲刺题：1.______________________________ (尽管他缺钱), he never stop his experiment.2.It was ________________________________ (直到他从大学毕业时) that he realized the importance of learningEnglish.3.______________________________________ (这个问题的解决办法) seems too complex to us.4.___________________________________ (还要过10年) before we modernize our country.e 5 minutes earlier, and we ___________________________________ (就可以赶上最后一班车)。
6.If you keep on studying like this ,you __________________________________ (将一事无成)7.__________________________ (和去年的收入比较)，the income in this year is much more.8.___________________________________ (让我们大家没有想到的是) is that he gave up this idea so soon.9.To evaluate a student completely, you should ______________________________ (把与这个学生相关的所有事情考虑在内)。
10.Tom doesn’t like English, he also _________________________________________ (与英语语法有关的任何东西)。
六级级冲刺试题一及答案解析
六级级冲刺试题⼀及答案解析冲刺试题⼀Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Safety of Food. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. ⽬前⾷品安全问题屡见不鲜2. 分析产⽣这些现象可能的原因3. 提出⾃⼰解决问题的意见The Safety of Food________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A] , [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to Create a Home Library“I cannot live without books,” declared U.S. President Thomas Jefferson to his friend John Adams. Indeed, Jefferson was an obsessive book collector from a young age, amassing (收集) three separate home libraries in his lifetime. The first collection was destroyed when his family home burned down in 1770. When the Library of Congresswas destroyed in the War of 1812, Jefferson sold his second collection of about 6,000 books to the federal library. Jefferson’s librar y was considered the finest in the country, and his collection doubled the holdings of the Library of Congress. Still, Jefferson didn’t let the shelves at Monticello sit empty. By the time he died 11 years later, he had more than 2, 000 volumes in his library.Jefferson’s library might fit your conception of an old-fashioned home library with leather-bound books, wood paneling and uncomfortable furniture. But home libraries can be a dynamic expression of the owner’s pers onality. Creating a home library is a fun way to display your interests while establishing a special space for reading.Home Library OrganizationWhen you started using the public library, you probably learned about Melvil Dewey and his system for ordering libraries. The Dewey Decimal Classification System has ten broad categories for organizing books, including philosophy, religion and the arts. Each category is assigned a number, so for example, when you want a book on modern art, you head to the 700 block. Larger libraries, such as those at universities, tend to use the Library of Congress Classification System because it offers a more specific array of subjects for categorization, adding subjects such as medicine and law for a total of 21 categories.Your home library may or may not be as large as your local public library, but a good system of organization willstill help you find the book you want quickly. You could take a page from Dewey and the Library of Congress and sort books by subject matter. Sections for subjects such as history, technology or fiction might make their retrieval easier.This system also would allow you to highlight a particular passion, such as an extensive collection of World War II history. Here are some other ways to organize a collection.·Alphabetizing by author works well for fiction but not necessarily for nonfiction books of various subjects.·Judging a book by its cover is usually frowned upon, but sorting by color can be aesthetically pleasing to some. Those generally forgetful about the colors of their books might disagree.·After a painful breakup, the main character in Nick Hornby’s book “High Fidelity” organizes his record collection autobiographically in the order he acquired them. A chronological organization might include shelves that track the progress of your life, from beloved childhood reading and college textbooks to parenting books.·To some readers, there are two ways to look at books: read and unread. Prioritizing (区分优先次序) when you might need the book will allow you to keep unread books at the forefront of your collection, as well as books you reach for frequently, such as reference books or favorite novels.Library FurnitureWhile it might be difficult for a book lover to spend money on something other than books, at some point, you will need some bookshelves. Built-in bookshelves can provide floor-to-ceiling storage and space savings. They can be tucked under staircases or other out-of-the-way spaces; however, the y’re not a good choice for renters, and they can represent a big investment in terms of price and installation. Freestanding bookcases are widely available in a variety of sizes, colors and price points. You can also mount hanging bookshelves onto the wall or buy glass cases, which might be preferable if your collection includes antique books that you want to preserve.Sagging poses the main threat to bookshelves. A bookshelf that is 36 inches long should have shelves at least one inch thick. If it’s longer, then it should be thicker so that it won’t droop under the weight. One tip for maximizing space on the shelves is to use adjustable bookshelves, so that very small books don’t take up space that can be better used for taller coffee table books. You can also decorate bookshelves with personal items, such as photographs and souvenirs. Not only will this break up the rows of books visually, it will also give you room to expand as your collection grows.As your bookshelves creep up the wall, you may need a library ladder to reach them. While any step stool or ladder will do, rolling library ladders add an elegant, whimsical (异想天开的) touch. The ladders attach to the shelf on a tracking rod, and the bottom of the ladder has wheels, so that you can move effortlessly from one end of the library to the other.When considering other library furniture, think about how you’ll be using the room. If you’ll be writing and taking notes on your reading, you may want a desk or a lap desk. Desks and bookstands are also helpful for reading those big volumes that are too heavy to hold up comfortably. Overstuffed couches and chairs will beckon guests to spend a few hours reading, but if you fall asleep as soon as you hit the couch, you may need to consider other option, particularly if you’ll be doing scholarly or professional reading.Wherever you’re sitting, it will be hard to enjoy a library if you’re suffering from eyestrain, fatigue and headaches, which can all be brought on by poor lighting. When selecting lighting, look for a lamp that will help you see the smallest text you read. The lamp should be positioned over your shoulder, so that the light is not directly in your eyes. Positioning it this way will also help to minimize glare. Your lamp should be brighter than the rest of the room but not that much brighter. However, all light will eventually damage books, so use it at a minimum.Book CareDo you devour books quickly? You’re not the only one. Some insects love books, but not for a good story. Bookworms are not just those readers that have their nose in a book all the time. The more dangerous kind will tunnel through the book, eat the pages and lay eggs in it.Once you identify an infestation, isolate the affected books. In some cases, you can seal the books in plastic bags and freeze them to kill the insects. Keeping your library free of excess moisture and dust will help to prevent an attack by these insets and vermin (害⾍).Controlling moisture and dust doesn’t just keep away the book bugs though. Moisture in the air will also promote the growth of fungus and mold. Mold develops at temperatures greater than 70℉, and with 65 percent relative humidity. Dehumidifiers will suck excess moisture out of the air, moisture that could otherwise lead to loose bindings, stains andmildew. Oppositely, too little humidity can dry out books, so use a humidifier in the drier winter months. Dust is also a magnet for moisture and mildew, so periodically dusting the tops of books will keep them clean.In addition to a humidifier, you also might need a fan to keep the library well ventilated. Books should be stored away from radiators and kept in a room between 60℉ and 70℉. Air conditioners and fans are fine to use to keep the temperature down. Extreme heat will damage books; if heat occurs in a room with low humidity, the fibers in the books will dehydrate, turning the pages brittle. In combination with high humidity, heat creates ideal growing conditions for mold.As we mentioned in the last section, lighting can damage books because it leads to bleaching (漂⽩), fading and eventual deterioration. Natural lighting is the most dangerous. If your library has windows, draw the blinds or curtains to minimize injury. Limiting the intensity of light and duration of exposure will help to preserve the books.1. During his whole life, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson ______.[A] built three libraries for Congress[B] donated books for three libraries[C] built three separate libraries at his home[D] donated all his collections to the Library of Congress2. Why do university libraries usually use the Library of Congress Classification System?[A] Because it is the base of all other systems.[B] Because it is more efficient than other systems.[C] Because it is a fun way to display one’s interests.[D] Because it categorizes subjects in a more specific way.3. The idea of arranging books by their colors might be disagreed by those who ______.[A] are color-blind[B] tend to judge a book by its content[C] tend to alphabetize books by author works[D] usually cannot remember the colors of the books4. If you rank books according to the frequency they might be reached, yo u’d better keep ______.[A] read and dog-earned books at the most important position[B] reference books or favorite novels at the most important position[C] brand-new and best-colored books at the most important position[D] nonfiction books of various subjects at the most important position5. Those who own collection of antique books might prefer to put the books in ______.[A] glass cases[B] under staircases[C] built-in bookshelves[D] out-of-the-way spaces6. If you are doing scholarly or profession al reading in your library, you’re advised ______.[A] not to hit the couch and chairs[B] not to use a desk or a lap desk[C] not to use overstuffed couches and chairs[D] to select a lamp as bright as possible but no glare7. How do you select proper lighting for your reading in the library?[A] The light should be positioned over your shoulder.[B] The light should be bright enough to read everything in the room.[C] The light should not be brighter than other lights in the room.[D] The light should be with minimal glare and focus on the smallest text.8. To prevent your books from being attacked by bookworms, you should keep your library free of______________________.9. The proper temperature advised for library keepers for storing books is between ______________________.10. To minimize the injury of books in a library with windows, you’d better ______________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11. [A] She wants the man to stay home all his life.[B] She doesn’t want to keep the man at home.[C] She doesn’t think that the man must lead his own life.[D] She doesn’t want anybody to suggest that the man stay home.12. [A] The weather is still cool so they don’t sell fans.[B] The woman is an exception who won’t be fined.[C] Anyone returning overdue books this week faces no fine.[D] The fine will be deducted from the woman’s credit card13. [A] The woman will go home for dinner.[B] The woman won’t go to the concert.[C] The man and the woman will eat together.[D] Both of them will go home before going to the concert14. [A] He didn’t buy anything while Tommy b ought a lot.[B] He got some medicine for his hurting foot.[C] He twisted his foot and couldn’t go shopping.[D] He bought everything except the storybook15. [A] He approves of the action[B] He feels sorry for those students.[C] He considers the punishment excessive[D] He has no opinion about the action16. [A] He thinks that the speaker won’t show up.[B] He thinks the seminar won’t be open to the public.[C] He thinks that there won’t be enough seats for everybody.[D] He thinks that there might not be any more tickets available.17. [A] The TV set is usually on sale.[B] They have to bargain on the sale.[C] They advertise to sell their TV set.[D] They go to buy a TV set at a bargain price18. [A] Have an interview[B] Relax on the beach.[C] Take an important exam[D] Have a physical examinationQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] How to learn languages well.[B] How to do research on language learning.[C] How to write a book on language learning.[D] How to find out a language learner’s learning style.20. [A] Developing good note-taking skills.[B] Doing some reading every morning.[C] Exposing oneself to the target culture.[D] Drawing up a good language program regularly.21. [A] A realistic goal for learners is to reach a certain level of language proficiency.[B] Learners can achieve native-like pronunciation through intensive study.[C] Learners should communicate with native speakers to gain greater fluency.[D] Teachers need to help learners foster self-esteem and confidence.22. [A] Dr. Adams’ learning style is visual.[B] Dr. Adams’ learning style is auditory.[C] People usually have similar ways to learn languages.[D] Knowing about one’s own learning style is important to language learning. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Because she hasn’t got ready yet.[B] Because she is waiting for David.[C] Because she is waiting for a taxi to pick her up.[D] Because it is raining very hard and she doesn’t have an umbrella24. [A] See film downtown.[B] Call on the Johnsons.[C] Packing for their holiday.[D] Buy an umbrella since it is raining very hard25. [A] It was left in David’s office.[B] It was left in Kate’s office.[C] It was lost in the train some day.[D] It was left in the JohnsonsSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] She made Teddy feel ashamed.[B] She asked the children to play with Teddy.[C] She changed Teddy’s seat to the front row.[D] She told the class something untrue about herself.27. [A] He often told lies[B] He was good at math.[C] He needed motherly care.[D] He enjoyed playing with others.28. [A] She taught fewer school subjects.[B] She became stricter with her students.[C] She no longer liked her job as a teacher.[D] She cared more about educating students.29. [A] She had kept in touch with him.[B] She had given him encouragement.[C] She had sent him Christmas presents.[D] She had taught him how to judge people.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] Students understand personal finances differently.[B] University tuition fees in England have been rising.[C] Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings.[D] The students’ payback ability has become a major issue.31. [A] Learn to manage their finances well.[B] Maintain a positive attitude when facing loans.[C] Benefit a lot from lessons on personal finance.[D] Be too young to be exposed to financial issues.32. [A] Young people should become responsible adults.[B] Financial planning is a required course at college.[C] Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.[D] Many British teenagers do not know money matters well.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] They seldom put models on the cover.[B] They no longer put models on the cover.[C] They need not worry about celebrities’ ma rket potential.[D] They judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly.34. [A] That price rather than brand name is more concerned.[B] That producers prefer models to celebrities for achievements.[C] That producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements.[D] That quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned.35. [A] Celebrity and personal style[B] Celebrity and fashion design.[C] Celebrity and market potential[D] Celebrity and clothing industry.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Ninety percent of Americans know that most of their compatriots are overweight, but just 40 percent believe themselves to be too fat. Government (36) _______ show that more than 60 percent of the U.S. population isoverweight, and half is (37) _______, meaning they are at serious risk of health effects from their weight. But the Pew Research Center telephone (38) _______ of more than 2,000 adults finds that many people overestimate how tall they are and (39) _______ how much they weigh — and thus do not rate themselves as overweight, even when they are. The survey finds that most Americans, (40) _______ those who say they are overweight, agree that personal behavior —rather than (41) _______ disposition or marketing by food companies — is the main reason people are overweight. In particular, the public says that a failure to get enough exercise is the most important reason, (42) _______ by a lack of willpower about what to eat. About half of the public also says that the kinds of foods marketed at restaurants and grocery stores are a very important cause, and roughly a third says the same about the effects of genetics and (43) _______. (44)______________________________________________________________________________________. One in four respondents in the survey say they are currently dieting, and 52 percent say they have dieted at some point in their lives. (45) ______________________________________________________________________________________. Those surveyed agree that maintaining a healthy weight is important. (46)______________________________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Motorways are no doubt the safest roads in the country. Mile for mile, vehicle for vehicle you are much less likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On the other hand, motorways have a far better accident record than any other part of our national road system because of the speed and volume of traffic. If you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to occur than in a comparable accident elsewhere on the roads. It is reported that motorway accidents account for some 10% of all injuries outside urban areas.Motorways have no sharp bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and thus speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 m.p.h, limit is still in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 m.p.h, limit applied in built-up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in convoys with perhaps barely ten meters between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups involving maybe hundred vehicles when one vehicle stops for some reason —mechanical failure, driver error and so on —have become all too familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How many of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred meters to brake to a stop from 70 m.p.h.? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete immunity from the variations of the weather. However wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, they plough at ludicrous (滑稽的) speeds oblivious (不以为然的) of police warnings or speed restrictions until their journey comes to a premature conclusion.Perhaps one remedy for this motorway madness would be better driver education. Twenty-eight per cent of the motorcyclists polled for National Motorway Month wanted motorists to receive formal training in motorway driving before being allowed down a slip road. At present, learner drivers are barred from motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is concerned, thrown in at the deep end. However much more efficient policing is required of, it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own folly.47. Motorways are seen as the roads that are the safest as well as the most dangerous due to______________.48. With no sharp bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights, speeds on motorways are __________ than on other roads.49. What may the stopping of one vehicle on a motorway for certain reason result in?50. In spite of the terrible weather conditions, motorway drivers tend not to be aware of police warnings or_______________.51. According to the last passage, what measure should be taken to keep driver’s madness in good control?Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Millions of U.S. college students will have to shoulder more of the cost of their education under federal rules imposed late last month through a bureaucratic (官僚政治的) adjustment requiring neither Congressional approval nor public comment of any kind. The changes, only a slight alteration in the formula governing financial aid, are expected to diminish the government’s contribution to higher education by hundreds of millions of dollars, starting in the autumn of 2004. But they will also have a ripple effect across almost every level of financial aid, shrinking the pool of students who qualify for federal awards, tightening access to billions of dollars in state and institutional grants, and heightening the reliance on loans to pay for college.How much more money this may require of students and their parents will vary widely, changing with each family’s set of circumstances. Some families may be expected to pay an extra $100 or less each year, while others may owe well over $1,000 more. While many college administrators characterized the change as a backdoor way to cut education spending, without public discussion, the Department of Education said it was simply executing its responsibilities under federal law. Whether furnished by colleges, states or the federal government, the vast majority of the nation’s $90 billion in financial aid is dictated by a single, intricate equation known as the federal need analysis. Its purpose is to make out how much of a family’s income is truly discretionary (⾃由⽀配的), and therefore fair game for covering college expenses. Much like the federal income tax, the formula allows families to deduct some of what they pay in state and local taxes. But, this year, the department significantly reduced that amount, in some cases cutting it in half. On paper, at least, that leaves families with more money left over to pay for college, even though state and local taxes have gone up over the last year, not down. In the 2004 2005 academic year, when the changes first take effect, parents who earn $50,000 a year may be expected tocontribute $700 or so beyond what they are already paying, according to an independent analysis conducted by a consulting firm that helps universities set enrollment and aid. Those earning about $25,000 may owe only an extra $165 or less, while families earning $80,000 could be expected to pay an additional $1,100 or more.52. The expression “ripple effect” (Line 6, Para 1) most probably means “_____”.[A] chain reaction[B] cumulative effect[C] immediate response[D] long-lasting impact53. According to the passage, some have criticized the changes because they _____.[A] ignore local and state taxes[B] were not discussed in public[C] are not in accordance with federal law[D] leave many families unable to pay for college54. According to the passage, the rule changes are likely to _____.[A] provide $90 billion in financial aid[B] cost each family an average of $1,000 per year[C] have a ripple effect across federal income taxes[D] lower the amount of financial aid provided by the government55. The purpose of the federal needs analysis is to determine _____.[A] whether a family is on financial aid[B] how much of a family’s income is discretionary[C] whether or not a family is below the poverty line[D] how much families should pay in state and local taxes56. The author’s attitude towards changes in the financial aid to higher education by government is _____.[A] positive [B] indifferent [C] critical [D] neutralPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what the society and life in it ought to be. Such consensus cannot be gained from society’s present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer’s epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and myth they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, or common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial narcissistic (⾃我陶醉的) personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lasch says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for.” There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.。
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难点三：部分倒装
• 1，否定词位于句首做状语: neither ,never, seldom, hardly ,barely, scarcely ,few ,little ,under no circumstance ,by no means , in no case, in no way , on no condition, no sooner…. • The witness was told that under no circumstance _________ 他都不应该对法庭说谎。 • Never once ______________老两口互相争吵 since they were married 40 years ago.
• admit, avoid , anticipate ,confess , contemplate ,delay , deny , dislike ,fancy , forgive ,involve , mind , prevent (from), quit, risk…..
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
难点五：情态动词
• Must表示推辞，把握最大，一般只用于肯定句 。Might语气最弱，can和could表示推测常用语 疑问句和否定句。
• The workman think__________. 遵守安全规则 很重要。 • it very important to comply with safety regulation.
2，only，not until位于句首修饰状语或宾语, 主句部分倒装
• Only when I reached my thirties, _________我才意识到读书 时不能被忽略的。 • 直到截止日他才寄出______________his application form.
Should/would/could/ might+ 动词原形 Should/would/could/ might+ have done Should/would/could/ might+ 动词原形
• e.g.: 2006.12 • If you had____________(听从了我的 忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦。） • followed my advice, you would not have got into trouble.
• 公式2：（suggestion, advice, decision, demand, proposal, request等表命令，建议， 要求名词后接that引导同位语从句,从句中谓 语动词用（should)+动词原形 • Many delegates were in favor of his proposal that_______.(建立特殊委员会调查这件事件 ） • a special committee be set up to investigate the incident.
宾语从句，主语从句，同位语从句中的虚拟 语气
• 公式1： 表示建议，命令，要求的动词（advise, command, determine, insist, propose, order, recommend…)后接宾语从句时，谓语用（should ）+ 动词原形 • Most educators advise that kids _______.(不要沉溺 于电脑游戏）2010.6 • should not be addicted to computer games
Would rather/sooner 后接虚拟语气表示愿 望，意为“但愿，宁愿”。表示现在或将 来的非真实愿望用would rather+主语 +did/were，表示过去的非真实愿望用 would rater+主语+had done
• • • • I would rathrer____________.我被校长惩罚。 I was punished by the principal. I would rather _________.昨晚没去参加那个晚会就好了。 I had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
Wish后的宾语从句: 1，动词一般过去时表 示对现在情况的虚拟假设,2，过去完成时表 示对过去情况的虚拟假设,3，would+动词原 形表示一种愿望。
• I wish that you were my brother. • Jack wishes that he_________.在大学时，学的是会 计而不是文学。 • had studied accounting instead of literature when he was in university.
3，hardly/barely/scarcely…when ; no sooner…than, 结构中
• 前半部分hardly...,no sooner...为主句，谓语动词用过去完 成时， when/than部分为从句，谓语一般用过去时。主句 谓语需要倒装！ • The customer complained that no sooner __________他刚试 着使用这台机器，它就不运转了。 • had he tried to using the machine, than it didn't wofk.
难点二：从句（定语从句，名词性从句 ， 状语从句）
• Our years of hard work are all in vain,__________更别提 我们花费的大量金钱了。 • let alone the large number of money we have spent.
• It is useful to be able to predict the extent_______(价格 变化影响供求的程度） • to which a price change will affect supply and demand.
• I don’t think it advisable that parents________(剥 夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish. 2008.6.84 • (should) deprive children of their freedom • It is essential that________.我们在四月底前签订合 同。 • we sign contract before April.
• 2009年6月85题
• when people say,"I can feel my ears burning." it means they think ______一定有人在说他们的坏话。
• there must be someone speak ill of them
• 情态动词完成时的意义
名词性从句：主，宾，表，同
• 名词性从句有三类引导词，连接词：that, whether, if 它们在从句中不充当任何成分 ，连接代词what,who,whose,which; 连接 副词 when , where , how ,why
• The reason why he was dismissed was_________.他粗心又不负责任. • that he is careless and irresponsible.
CET-6 Translation
七大翻译考点
• • • • • • 1，虚拟语气 2，从句 3，部分倒装 4，非谓语动词 5，情态动词 6，比较结构
难点一，虚拟语气 1,虚拟条件句
If从句的谓语 主句的谓语
与现在事实 相反 与过去事实 相反 与将来事实 相反
过去式/were
had +过去分词 过去式；/should,were to +动词原形
含蓄虚拟条件句
• Many couldn’t have received my letter,____________.（否 则，她上周就该回信了。） 2008.6 • Otherwise she would have replied last week. • But for mobile phones,_________. (我们的通讯就不可能如 此迅捷和方便。）2007.12 • Our communication would not be so prompt and convenient. 首先要看前半句是否是一个不真实的假设，然后要判断时态 确定后半句选用句型。常见引导介词：but for , without , otherwise ,in the absence of …
• Think, find ,consider, judge, feel ,make ,take 等动词常使 用 动词+宾语+宾补的结构，（如：find the thing very important).宾语不仅可以是名词，也可以是不定式， 动名词，从句。而且常用it代替不定式，动名词或从 句，将真正的宾语房子啊句子的后部。
只能跟不定式做宾语的动词
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afford, appear , attempt , beg , choose , claim, dare ,desire , determine , expect , offer , pretend , promise , seek , threaten…
只能用动名词做宾语的动词
公式3：宾语或主语从句（it is +a.+that) 从句谓语动词为 (should)+ 动词原形。形容词有： appropriate ,advisable, desirable ,important ,imperative, necessary , vital , urgent, essential，(un)fair 等