物联网英文文献
物联网-the-internet-of-things(英文)
4 If you will go home after work, you can turn on the air-conditioner or other home appliances in advance.
The technology will be made use of in many aspects of our life.
The Internet of things 物联网
The meaning of it’s name
It means things and things or people and things are connected with each other by the technology. They can communicate with each other in a new way.
Applications of the Internet of things
The sensor nodes are distributed in every corner of the yard,every minute of a number of monitoring soil temperature,
2 If you go to work in the morning, your intelligent bag will remind you of what you have forgotten.
3 If you are ill, the doctor can know your condition no matter where you are.
The technologies related to it
• RFID :（Radio frequency identification）射频识别 技术
物联网安全问题的研究外文文献翻译
物联网安全问题的研究外文文献翻译毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译院系:年级专业:姓名:学号:附件:指导老师评语:指导教师签名:年月日备注:1.从所引用的与毕业设计(论文)内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译(不少于3000实词);2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分，第一部分为外文文献;第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译;3.外文文献正文按毕业设计(论文)格式排版，两部分内容不能联排，用分页符分页。
The Internet of thingsThe Internet of things the Internet of things the Internet of things more and more modules and sensors embedded system to enhance theirability of communication. The resulting information networks will create new business models, improve business processes, risk and reduce costs Michael cui, marcus method, and Roger RobertsIn most organizations, the information spread along the familiar path. Proprietary information is placed in the database and make a analysis in the report and then start the management chain. Information collected from public sources, Internet information collection and information from suppliers to buy.But the forecast information is changing the way: the physical world itself is becoming a kind of information system. In so-called iot, sensors, and micro devices (actuators) is embedded in the physical module from highway to heart pacemakers is through wired or wireless network connections, is often connected to the Internet using the same Internet protocol. The network transmission of data is used for computer analysis. If some modules can sense the environment and can be used for information exchange, so they can become and rapid response to solve the problem of complicated tools. The information revolution in the field of the physical information system is developing continuously, and even some will also be able to work under a single intervention.Pill shape photomicrographic device has successfully through the human digestive tract, and back to the thousands of images to pinpoint the source of the disease. Composed of satellite and ground sensor data acquisition system through the wireless device can detect crop status and connected to the precision agriculture can adjust method for everypart of the farming land. For example, by spreading more chemical fertilizers to increase poor soil fertile. Billboards in Japan, waiting for pedestrians pass by, and can assess the consumption of passers-by, and then according to the evaluation results show that the different advertising information.Yes, in many companies, or even earlier today has been warned many predict the future. With the emergence of new value creation method, the current business model is largely based on static information structure is faced with challenges. If in a specific location to a specific time you will be able to experience the mind of the buyer, then the dynamic pricing may increase the possibility of buying. Know how often, and a deep understanding of the usage of the product might get more harvest, choose addfee instead of direct selling. There are a lot of people responsible for the control of manufacturing process to get a more accurate, and can improve the production efficiency. There are such as the operating system are constantly monitored to prevent the emergence of dangerous or people can take corrective measures to avoid the occurrence of damage, risk, and to reduce the cost. Make the fullest use of these functions of the company will gain more profit than the competitor.The wide application of Internet of things is need time, but thanks to its development technology, got advance time line. Wireless technology and the further standardization of communication protocol makes it possible to collect information from the sensor at any time.Based on this, a small silicon chip is endowed with new functions, and at the same time, based on the pattern of Moore's law, its cost is falling. These largely increase the storage capacity of computer and computing power, some of the digital operation scope has expanded through the cloud computing, and reduces the cost.The Internet of things in the workIot for those technologies and not walk in the forefront of company is the news. But as these technologies mature, the enterprise deployment scope will increase. Now is the manager ofall industries to build ideas, consider the contact from theInternet of things or get potential of the development of The Times. We now know that there are six different types of emerging applications, most of which belong to the following two categories: the first, second, information and analysis, automation and control.Information and analysisDue to network increased with the product, the company's assets or data management environment of the link, they will produce better information and analysis, it is important to improve decision making. Some organizations have begun to use these application deployment in the target region, and more advanced and thirst for application is still in concept or test phase. 1, tracking, behaviorSensors embedded in the product, the enterprise can track the movements of these products, even interaction and monitoring them. Business models can be slightly adjusted to take advantage of thisscience. For example, some insurance companies to provide the carposition sensor installation. That how the insurance company may, according to the car was driven to determine the amount and where is the travel situation. Insurance can be customized to operating the vehicle's actual risk, not based on if the driver's age, gender,or places to live in such a situation.Or consider install the sensor and the network connection to thetaxi will happen: it can be used for a short period of time for the car rental service member, so you no longer need to rental service center, and each car's use can also be optimized for higher revenues. Zipcar company pioneered the use of this model, and a growing number of car rental companies are also beginning to follow suit. In retail, used to display shopping data of sensors can provide more detailed informationor provide discount information, make shopping easier. Leaders such as tesco supermarket in the forefront of the use of this technology.The English name for The Internet of Things The Internet of Things, hereinafter referred to as: The IOT. The Internet of things through the transmission device, radio frequency identification technology, such as global positioning system (GPS) technology, no need to monitor real-time acquisition, connected, interactive object or process, collect the sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location and other needed information, through all kinds of possible Internet access, content and the content, the objects and people in the link, to realizeintelligent perception of objects and processes, identification and management. Internet of things is through theintellisense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the computer andthe Internet after the third wave of world information industry development. Rather than the Internet of things is a network, theInternet of things is the business and application of Internet of things is seen as the Internet application development. The innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of things application, the user experience as the core of innovation is the soul of the development of the Internet of things. 2.0The meaning of "thing" here "objects" to satisfy the following conditions can be incorporated into the scope of the "Internet of things" : 1. The receiver should have corresponding information; 2. Must have the data transmission channel; 3. To have a storage function; 4. Have the CPU; 5. Must have the operating system; 6. There should be special applications; 7. Must have the data sender; 8. To follow the communication protocol of the Internet of things; 9. In the network have the only number can be identified. 3. Definition of "Chinese" Internetof Things (Internet of Things) refers to the Ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) at the end of the equipment (Devices) and facility (Facilities), including "inherent intelligence" of sensors, mobile terminals, industrial system, building control systems, home intelligent Facilities and video monitoring system, etc, and "external Enabled" (Enabled), such as thevarious Assets (Assets), RFID wireless terminal to carry personal and vehicle and so on "intelligent objects or animals" or "smart dust" (Mote), through a variety of wireless and/or cable over long distances and/or short distance communication network connectivity (M2M), application Integration (Grand Integration), and cloud-based SaaS operation mode, in the internal network (Intranet), private network (Extranet), and/or the Internet (Internet) environment, adoptappropriate information security guarantee mechanism, to provide safeand controllable and personalized real-time online monitoring,positioning traces, alarm linkage, dispatch control, program management, remote control, security, remote maintenance, online upgrade, statistics, decision support, leading desktop (Cockpit display Dashboard), etc. Management and service functions,implementation of "all Things" "high efficiency, energy saving, safety, environmental protection" "tube, control, camp" Integration of the. 4. The definition of the eu in September 2009, held in Beijing the china-eu seminar on Internet of things and the enterprise environment, and social media department of RFID, head of the European commission information Lorent Ferderix DrGives the definition of the Internet of things: the Internet ofthings is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standard and interoperable communications protocol based self-organizing ability, including physical and virtual "things" have identification, physical properties, the characteristics of virtual and intelligent interface,and seamless integration and information network. Iot will work with the media, Internet service of the Internet and the Internet, constitute the future Internet.Changes in theIot (Internet of Things), the word widely recognized at home and abroad is a professor at MIT Auto - Ashton ID center in RFID research in 1999 at the earliest. In 2005, the international telecommunication union (ITU) release of the same report, the definition and scope of the Internet of things have changed, coverage has a larger development, is no longer just a iot based on RFID technology.Since August 2009, when prime minister wen jiabao put forward since the "experience China" Internet of things was officially listed as one of five major emerging strategic industries, write "government work report," the Internet of things in China is heavily influenced by the whole society's attention, is the degreeof concern in the United States, European Union, and the rest of the world incomparable.The concept of Internet of things is not so much a foreign concept, as it is already a "made in China" concept, and his coverage of advancing with The Times, professor Ashton has exceeded 1999 and 2005, the scope of the ITU report referred to in the Internet of things has been labeled "Chinese".物联网物联网物联网物联网越来越多的模块与传感器构成嵌入式系统从而增强其通讯能力。
物联网相关的英语作文100词左右
物联网相关的英语作文100词左右全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing technology that is revolutionizing the way we interact with everyday objects. In simple terms, the IoT refers to the interconnected network of physical devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that allow them to communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet.One of the key advantages of the IoT is its ability to collect and analyze large amounts of data in real-time. This data can be used to optimize processes, improve efficiency, and enhance user experiences. For example, IoT devices can be used to monitor energy usage in a home, track inventory in a warehouse, or optimize traffic flow in a city.The IoT is also driving innovation in various industries, including healthcare, agriculture, and transportation. For instance, IoT-enabled medical devices can remotely monitor patients' health and alert healthcare providers of any abnormalities. In agriculture, IoT sensors can monitor soilconditions, weather patterns, and crop health to improve crop yields. In transportation, IoT technology can be used to track vehicles, optimize routes, and enhance safety.However, with the benefits of the IoT also come challenges. Security and privacy concerns are major issues, as IoT devices are vulnerable to cyber attacks and data breaches. In addition, the sheer volume of data generated by IoT devices can be overwhelming, leading to concerns about data storage and management.Overall, the IoT has the potential to transform how we live and work, connecting devices and systems in ways that were previously unimaginable. As the IoT continues to evolve, it is essential that we address the challenges it presents while harnessing its full potential to create a more connected and efficient world.篇2The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing field that is revolutionizing the way we live, work, and interact with our surroundings. IoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects that are embedded withsensors, software, and connectivity, allowing them to collect and exchange data.One of the key benefits of IoT is its ability to improve efficiency and productivity in various industries. For example, in agriculture, IoT sensors can monitor soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health, allowing farmers to make data-driven decisions and optimize their operations. In healthcare, IoT devices can track patients' vital signs, medication adherence, and activity levels, enabling healthcare providers to deliver more personalized and timely care.Moreover, IoT has the potential to enhance convenience and automation in our daily lives. Smart homes, for instance, are equipped with IoT devices that can control lighting, temperature, security systems, and appliances remotely through a smartphone or voice commands. This technology not only increases comfort and convenience for homeowners but also promotes energy efficiency and cost savings.However, while the IoT offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges in terms of data privacy and security. With the vast amount of data collected by IoT devices, there is a risk of unauthorized access or misuse of sensitive information. It is crucial for organizations and individuals to implement robustsecurity measures and protocols to safeguard data and mitigate potential risks.In conclusion, the Internet of Things is a transformative technology that is reshaping our world in diverse ways. By leveraging the power of IoT, we can drive innovation, improve efficiency, and enhance the quality of life for people around the globe. It is essential for stakeholders to collaborate and address the challenges associated with IoT to realize its full potential and create a more connected and intelligent society.篇3The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data with each other. This technology has transformed the way we live and work, making our lives more convenient and efficient.One of the key benefits of IoT is its ability to enhance connectivity. By connecting various devices, such as smartphones, wearable devices, and smart appliances, IoT enables seamless communication between them. This connectivity allows us to monitor and control our devices remotely, making our lives easier and more efficient.IoT also plays a crucial role in improving efficiency and productivity in various industries, such as healthcare, agriculture, and manufacturing. By using IoT devices to collect data and analyze information, businesses can make more informed decisions and streamline their operations. For example, in the healthcare industry, IoT devices can track patient data and provide real-time monitoring, leading to better patient care and outcomes.Moreover, IoT has the potential to create new opportunities and revenue streams. By leveraging the vast amounts of data generated by IoT devices, businesses can develop innovative products and services that cater to the needs of consumers. For example, smart home devices, such as smart thermostats and lighting systems, have become increasingly popular among consumers due to their convenience and energy-saving benefits.Overall, the Internet of Things has the power to transform our lives and create a more interconnected world. As technology continues to evolve, IoT will play a central role in shaping the future of society and driving innovation in various industries.。
(完整word版)物联网英文
The Application of Iot Technology in Agriculture.邵清源917106840533 1 IntroductionThe Internet of things is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other itemsembedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to inter-operate within the existing Internet infrastructure.(from Wikipedia)The application of iot technology in agriculture is the definition of the agricultural Internet of things, which is quite simple to understand. This involves a wide range of aspects of agriculture, including monitoring of agricultural greenhouses, agricultural drip irrigation, freshwater aquaculture water quality monitoring and other aspects. Using a large number of sensors to form an effective monitoring network,which agricultural information feedback is realized through, is necessary. In order to facilitate the timely detection of problems in agricultural production, timely feedback the position of the problem, the agriculture and modern production technology should be combined with, and the application of intelligent and automatic equipment in agricultural production should be realized.the emergence of theagriculture has played an important role in improving agricultural productivity. With the popularity of the Internet of things of agriculture, the traditional inefficient and casual way of agricultural production are also gradually improve, information technology and agricultural development is the inevitable trend of modernization.2 Literature ReviewThe Internet of things technology has great application prospect in agriculture, and it is believed that in the near future, Internet of things technology will be the core technology to assist the development of agricultural technology in China.（Intelligent agricultural design analysis of Internet of things technology，2018/3/21，Sun Hujun). Internet technology can be precisely controlled relative crop growth environment, guarantee the plants grew well, avoid necrosis, especially for growing environment requires higher flowers, can obviously improve the survival rate and quality; It can reduce labor cost and realize scale planting. It can also realize the monitoring and prevention of cordyceps sinensis, the disaster warning, etc. (The application of Internet of things technology in intelligent greenhouse,2015/8/3,Wang Lina).The Internet of things is the third wave after the development of computer and Internet technology. The development of Internet technology to the development of agricultural economy in our country laid a certain foundation, in the application of modern agriculture become more and more widely, can achieve scientific monitoring, planting, to further promote the transformation of modern agricultural development.(The application of Internet of things technology in agriculture,2018/1/16,Dai Lian, Lai yuling).3 HistoryConcept of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1982, a modified Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University became the first Internet-connected appliance. Between 1993 and 1996 several companies proposed solutions likeMicrosoft's at Work or Novell's NEST. However, only in 1999 did the field start gathering momentum. Bill Joy envisioned Device to Device (D2D) communication as part of his "Six Webs" framework, presented at the World Economic Forum at Davos in 1999.The thought-model for future interconnection environment was proposed in 2004.This thought model envisioned the development trend of the Internet of things.4 Potentiality4.1 Full information chain trackingIn recent years, there have been many problems about China's food safety, and people are paying more and more attention to the dangers of food safety. Investigate its reason, the food safety problem is due to the process of agricultural products from production to sales rather than the quality of supervision and management, consumers also did not understand the process, which directly lead to food appear a series of problems. Internet of things technology in the food regulation can play a role in supervision. From food production and processing to transportation and sales, each one links in the real-time tracking and monitoring, to ensure the safety of the agricultural product quality effectively. At present, some places in our country has been applied to the Internet of things technology, such as: chengdu, Qingdao and other regions where restaurant s’ food production and processing and saling, which all are installed electronic chips, to monitor restaurant food safety problems from the production, processing, transportation and sales. Iot technology mainly equip the electronic track scale installation to the farmer's market, then consumers can in a farmers' market buy food at the same time through the phone they can query to the food production, processing, transportation and sales and other related quality information. Such as: to implement “ the Internet of things technology”, “the safety of the food” “RFID” and “GPS”technology which set up during the Olympic Games in Beijing,for the Olympic stadium in catering staff has carried on the tracking and monitoring of food, from the production, processing to sales of each link to tracking and monitoring information. In addition, for the supply of enterprise products supply logistics implementation of GPS real-time positioning in the process of monitoring, including the vehicles, such as temperature, humidity monitoring, once the temperature humidity in excess of the prescribed scope, the administrator will receive monitoring alarm message. In short, the wide application of Internet of things technology has provided a guarantee for the safety of food supply in the agricultural industry.4.2 Intelligent planting and farmingGenerally, the influence factors of planting and breeding are carbon dioxide concentration, air temperature, soil moisture and light. In greenhouse cultivation, breeding, therefore, the use of the Internet of things technology, through real-time monitoring of temperature, humidity, light intensity, PH value and air pressure data, and automatic control fertilization homework, so as to provide a good environment for the growth of crops, also greatly reduce the workload of migrant workers. In addition, the Internet of things not only can monitor the above data, also can analyze the data and processing, and through the sensor nodes send data to a wireless sensor, which can be a large area of data collection, management, analysis and informationprocessing technology, etc. For example, in aquaculture, the quality of the farmers' work is not high if the weather is hot and humid, but the weather affects the growth of the products most. The hot and humid weather will lead to the lack of oxygen in the pond and changes in PH value, and ammonia nitrogen content will also change. And through the use of the Internet of things technology, can 24 hours real-time monitoring of aquaculture water quality situation, including ammonia nitrogen, water PH, temperature and other data, once found that the problem can be through the warning form inform farmers. In addition, farmers can check the temperature, water quality and oxygen content of the pond at any time through Internet and mobile phone terminals, effectively reducing the workload of the farmers. Therefore, the use of Internet of things technology can greatly improve the yield and quality of agricultural products, thus maximizing economic benefits.4.3 Agricultural information pushMany people think that the push of agricultural information mainly refers to the push of weather forecast. But the development of crops now has more to do with weather. Therefore, through the use of the Internet of things technology, the data analysis and processing, and to predict future data changes over a period of time, the farmers can be predicted by these forecast accordingly in advance to prepare, etc., this can be for the growth of crops to reduce unnecessary loss. The amur region, for example, has realized the formula of soil, fertilization data monitoring and analysis, the prediction data and the result was sent to the farmers, provide favorable basis for providing sowing.5 examples about application of IoT in agriculture5.1Application of agricultural iot technology to grape planting.5.1.1The application of agricultural iot technology in improving grape planting environment.In the grape growing area, set up multiple information collector of the Internet, and information collector of grape growth environmental conditions to collect information including grape growing area of temperature, humidity, light conditions, co2 concentration, soil moisture, soil nutrient and so on. Using the Internet to link the information to collect, transmit the information to the terminal through the network management platform. Information collected by computer management center of culture analysis, draw the conclusion: the growth of grape growing environment, and then according to the analysis results will need to deal with matters in the form of the command control cabinet, grapes, irrigation, fertilization, spraying, etc. The Internet of things technology can real-time acquisition, storage, the location of the various soil and environmental parameters, including soil temperature, moisture, air humidity, light. These data directly enter the computer control room, farmers can know the result in time. If the data shows that the humidity is not enough, then the mouse will send commands and automatically start the pump to spray the grapes according to the preset procedure. In addition, mobile video monitoring is installed in the garden, and farmers can see the inside of the plantation at any time if they use a computer or mobile phone at home.5.1.2Application of agricultural Internet of things technology to achieve intelligentgrape irrigation.Apply the agricultural Internet of things technology, introduce the automatic frequency conversion irrigation system, through the Internet of things control box and expert information system, according to the collected information to irrigate the grape precisely. Automatic frequency conversion irrigation system using the frequency conversion technology, can realize the pump automatic start and stop, and it do not need to run for a long time, which can reduce the load of pump. As long as the related parameters set, it can ensure that the pipe water pressure and flow rate to maintain in a reasonable scope, to avoid the damage to pipeline. Reducing the pipeline jam phenomenon happened . Internet of things can get the moisture of the soil through a variety of sensors, when they tested that the soil moisture is less, which will affect the growth of grapes, the sensor will transfer the information to the management center, management center after receiving the information, send instructions will be needed for irrigation area of solenoid valve is opened, automatic watering grapes need irrigation of grapes. After the irrigation to a certain extent, whether to continue the irrigation information system will be judged by experts, information system can be experts knowledge and experience of related plant transformation as the control parameter, sending them to give the control center, provide a reliable basis for judging the current situation.5.2The application of Internet of things technology in soilless culture.5.2.1The perception of environmental conditions of soil without soil.Iot perception layer by all sorts of information and data acquisition and sensor devices, including information collection layer by temperature and humidity sensor, pH sensors, nutrition concentration sensors, cameras and infrared sensors to sense, collect soilless cultivation equipment of environment temperature, humidity, pH, and nutrient concentrations, and the collected data, video, or physical quantities into the physical world of information. Self-organizing sensor network adopting digital link coding, modulation and demodulation technology to realize data transmission between the sensor and the sensor node of the wlan, based on the network, traffic management and routing technology, realize the self organization and coordination between each node. Through the various kinds of sensors installed, the changes of relevant indicators in the soil cultivation facilities are perceived and collected, and the information transmission is carried out through 3G, 4G network technology, wireless network and bluetooth.5.2.2The processing of environmental information of soil without soil.The related index information collected by the sensing layer is transmitted to the network layer through the self-organizing sensor network. Network layer is passed perception send or receive data, through access to physical quantities carry electronic information, identification and information format conversion, and then by the network interface layer perception layer collected information into the application layer,to realize the whole iot structure of three levels of connection.5.2.3The regulation of soil culture environmentAccording to the requirement of the soilless cultivation facilities plants to environmental conditions, set the cultivation in advance environmental indicators,such as temperature, humidity in soilless cultivation facilities, pH, concentration of carbon dioxide, nutrient concentrations, illumination, and cultivation of outdoor climatic conditions and related indicators to monitor, record. Through a variety of sensors and perception layer information acquisition terminal access parameters in time, and then through the network layer transfer and processing, output to the corresponding operation interface, then realize that implementation of soilless cultivation environment related indicators of the real-time monitoring and regulation. In addition, the user according to the requirement of environmental indicators in different periods, set the corresponding warning threshold, network system can be according to the different need of related parameters of plants to the intelligent adjustment5.3The application of iot technology to the quality and safety traceability system of fertilizer.5.3.1The importance of quality and safety of fertilizer production.Short for fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, is made by chemical methods to provide one or more needed to make crops grow in the nutrient fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer, hefei, China is a populous country, and agriculture is very important. Food production in our country agricultural development occupies a pivotal position. Our country's arable land accounts for only 7% of the world's, but China's population22%, therefore, increasing production per unit area of cultivated land is the only way for China's grain production. fertilizer is to improve the soil properties, increase soil fertility, and is the important measures to increase food production. Fertilizer inputs, which is the basis for the most, is closely related to people's healthy diet also, its production quality and safety is very important.5.3.2Chemical fertilizer quality safety traceability system architecture.In chemical fertilizer quality safety traceability system, the hardware layer includes sensors, RFID tag module (to EPC coding of RFID tags, unified distribution and management), read and write, antenna, printer (printing RFID tags and traceability code). Chemical fertilizer quality safety traceability system mainly used in the product information collection and transfer the information to the service layer. Service layer is responsible for data processing and transmission, including rf data with the query, proofreading, storage and management. The data layer is used to store data, including details of products and business. Application layer includes production, storage, transportation, sales and so on each link of the process management, main body involved in the activities of all aspects of the formation of the relevant information, the application layer also provides all kinds of query, regulation and other service functions.5.3.3The realization of quality and safety traceability system of chemical fertilizer.In fertilizer production processing store sales in the link, the operation of the information acquisition process is: when the factory finished fertilizer production work, after inspectors inspection by rf label management functions for all processing fertilizer was distributed with EPC RFID tag encoding information. After Rf reader to the EPC tag information, by the operator for detailed information on school work.When the fertilizer has completed the sales process, the purchaser can check the relevant information of each link in the company's fertilizer quality and safety traceability system through the tracing code on the packaging bag.If the product quality problem is found, the purchaser may report or complain to the relevant quality control department. In this way, the product quality information traceability is realized, and the anti-counterfeiting authentication of chemical fertilizer products and the certification of enterprises' anti-cross products are realized. Traceability links can also record problem product traceability code,when and who buy, contact phone number, thus it is advantageous to the enterprise and the government supervision department in accordance with the relevant information query, to implement supervision and control of products. The fertilizer quality safety traceability system also has a separate management module for data backup and recovery functions to ensure the security of all data in the traceability system.6 The limitations of using the Internet of things in agriculture6.1 higher costAlthough in recent years there has been a massive decline in the cost of the sensor, but the cost is still high. The humidity sensor, soil moisture sensor price is more expensive. The total greenhouse environment parameter sensor price at around $ten thousand. The needs of large investment funds for migrant workers, lead to the application of the Internet of things technology can't realize. It still need to reduce the investment cost.6.2 technical problemsSensor will be measured due to improper installation location, bad stability of inaccurate data. There are some wireless sensor signal transmission distance is limited, and data transmission is not stabl .The maintenance cost is high as well. In addition, using the sensor power supply problem no good solution. if use solar power, power is not enough. If use alternating current (ac) is the most greenhouse without electricity and laying electric power line, which limit the popularization of the internet of thing technology in agriculture.7 conclusionThe Internet of things technology belongs to a kind of new technology, belong to the core of intelligent technology, the typical use of new network technology, however, judging from the actual situation of our country at present stage, the Internet of things technology has not yet formed technology system of the system.Results show that the Internet of things technology has great application prospects in the agriculture, believe in the near future, the Internet of things technology can be a secondary agricultural technology level of the development of the core technology in our country.。
物联网技术论文3000字
《互联网的未来——物联网》摘要：物联网是新一代信息技术的重要组成部分。
其英文名称是“The Internet of things”。
由此，顾名思义，“物联网就是物物相连的互联网”。
这有两层意思：第一，物联网的核心和基础仍然是互联网，是在互联网基础上的延伸和扩展的网络;第二，其用户端延伸和扩展到了任何物品与物品之间，进行信息交换和通信。
因此，物联网的定义是通过射频识别(RFID)、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备，按约定的协议，把任何物品与互联网相连接，进行信息交换和通信，以实现对物品的智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的一种网络。
关键词：物联网智能信息技术物联网的概念是在1999年提出的，物联网的英文名： Internet ofThings(IOT)，也称为Web of Things。
被视为互联网的应用扩展，应用创新是物联网的发展的核心，以用户体验为核心的创新是物联网发展的灵魂。
2005年，在突尼斯举行的信息社会世界峰会(WSIS)上，国际电信联盟(ITU)发布了《ITU互联网报告2005：物联网》，正式提出了“物联网”的概念。
物联网概念的问世，打破了之前的传统思维。
过去的思路一直是将物理基础设施和IT基础设施分开，一方面是机场、公路。
建筑物，另一方面是数据中心、个人电脑、宽带等。
而在物联网时代，钢筋混凝土、电缆将与芯片、宽带整合为统一的基础设施，在此意义上，基础设施更像是一块新的地球。
故也有业内人士认为物联网与智能电网均是智慧地球的有机构成部分。
不过，也有观点认为，物联网迅速普及的可能性有多大，尚难以轻言判定。
毕竟RFID早已为市场所熟知，但新大陆等拥有RFID业务的相关上市公司定期报告显示出业绩的高成长性尚未显现出来，所以，对物联网的普及速度存在着较大的分歧。
但可以肯定的是，在国家大力推动工业化与信息化两化融合的大背景下，物联网会是工业乃至更多行业信息化过程中，一个比较现实的突破口。
物联网工程中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Android: A Programmer’s Guide1 What Is Android1.1 Key Skills & Concepts● History of embedded device programming● Explanation of Open Handset Alliance● First look at the Android home screenIt can be said that, for a while, traditional desktop application developers have been spoiled. This is not to say that traditional desktop application development is easier than other forms of develop ment. However, as traditional desktop application developers, we have had the ability to create alm ost any kind of application we can imagine. I am including myself in this grouping because I got my start in desktop programming.One aspect that has made desktop programming more accessible is that we have had the ability to interact with the desktop operating system, and thus interact with any underlying hardware, prettyfreely (or at least with minimal exceptions). This kind of freedom to program independently, how ever, has never really been available to the small group of programmers who dared to venture int o the murky waters of cell phone development.NOTE ：I refer to two different kinds of developers in this discussion: traditional desktop applicati on developers, who work in almost any language and whose end product, applications, are built to run on any “desktop” operating system; and Android developers, J ava developers who develop for the Android platform. This is not for the purposes of saying one is by any means better or wors e than the other. Rather, the distinction is made for purposes of comparing the development styles and tools of desktop operating system environments to the mobile operating system environment1.2 Brief History of Embedded Device ProgrammingFor a long time, cell phone developers comprised a small sect of a slightly larger group of developers known as embedded device developers. Seen as a less “glamorous” sibling to desktop—and later web—development, embedded device development typically got the proverbial short end of the stick as far as hardware and operating system features, because embedded device manufacturers were notoriously stingy on feature support.Embedded device manufacturers typically needed to guard their hardware secrets closely, so they gave embedded device developers few libraries to call when trying to interact with a specific device. Embedded devices differ fro m desktops in that an embedded device is typically a “computer on a chip.” For example, consider your standard television remote control; it is not really seen as an overwhelming achievement of technological complexity. When any button is pressed, a chip interprets the signal in a way that has been programmed into the device. This allows the device to know what to expect from the input device (key pad), and how to respond to those commands (for example, turn on the television). This is a simple form of embedded device programming. However, believe it or not, simple devices such as these are definitely related to the roots of early cell phone devices and development.Most embedded devices ran (and in some cases still run) proprietary operating systems. The reason for choosing to create a proprietary operating system rather than use any consumer system was really a product of necessity. Simple devices did not need very robust and optimized operating systems.As a product of device evolution, many of the more complex embedded devices, such as early PDAs, household security systems, and GPSs, moved to somewhat standardized operating system platforms about five years ago. Small-footprint operating systems such as Linux, or even an embedded version of Microsoft Windows, have become more prevalent on many embedded devices. Around this time in device evolution, cell phones branched from other embedded devices onto their own path. This branching is evident whenyou examine their architecture.Nearly since their inception, cell phones have been fringe devices insofar as they run on proprietary software—software that is owned and controlled by the manufacturer, and is almost always considered to be a “closed” system. The practice of manufacturers using proprietary operating systems began more out of necessity than any other reason. That is, cell phone manufacturers typically used hardware that was completely developed in-house, or at least hardware that was specifically developed for the purposes of running cell phone equipment. As a result, there were no openly available, off-the-shelf software packages or solutions that would reliably interact with their hardware. Since the manufacturers also wanted to guard very closely their hardware trade secrets, some of which could be revealed by allowing access to the software level of the device, the common practice was, and in most cases still is, to use completely proprietary and closed software to run their devices. The downside to this is that anyone who wanted to develop applications for cell phones needed to have intimate knowledge of the proprietary environment within which it was to run. The solution was to purchase expensive development tools directly from the manufacturer. This isolated many of the “homebrew” develo pers.NOTE：A growing culture of homebrew developers has embraced cell phone application development. The term “homebrew” refers to the fact that these developers typically do not work for a cell phone development company and generally produce small, one-off products on their own time.Another, more compelling “necessity” that kept cell phone development out of the hands of the everyday developer was the hardware manufacturers’ solution to the “memory versus need” dilemma. Until recently, cell phones did little more than execute and receive phone calls, track your contacts, and possibly send and receive short text messages; not really the “Swiss army knives” of technology they are today. Even as late as 2002, cell phones with cameras were not commonly found in the hands of consumers.By 1997, small applications such as calculators and games (Tetris, for example) crept their way onto cell phones, but the overwhelming function was still that of a phone dialer itself. Cell phones had not yet become the multiuse, multifunction personal tools they are today. No one yet saw the need for Internet browsing, MP3 playing, or any of the multitudes of functions we are accustomed to using today. It is possible that the cell phone manufacturers of 1997 did not fully perceive the need consumers would have for an all-in-one device. However, even if the need was present, a lack of device memory and storage capacity was an even bigger obstacle to overcome. More people may have wanted their devices to be all-in-one tools, but manufacturers still had to climb the memory hurdle.To put the problem simply, it takes memory to store and run applications on any device, cell phones included. Cell phones, as a device, until recently did not have the amount of memory available to them that would facilitate the inclusion of “extra” programs. Within the last two years, the price of memory has reached very low levels. Device manufacturers now have the ability to include more memory at lower prices. Many cell phones now have more standard memory than the average PC had in the mid-1990s. So, now that we have the need, and the memory, we can all jump in and develop cool applications for cell phones around the world, right? Not exactly.Device manufacturers still closely guard the operating systems that run on their devices. While a few have opened up to the point where they will allow some Java-based applications to run within a small environment on the phone, many do not allow this. Even the systems that do allow some Java apps to run do not allow the kind of access to the “core” system that standard desktop developers are accustomed to having.1.3 Open Handset Alliance and AndroidThis barrier to application development began to crumble in November of 2007 when Google, under the Open Handset Alliance, released Android. The Open Handset Alliance is a group of hardware and software developers, including Google, NTT DoCoMo, Sprint Nextel, and HTC, whose goal is to create a more open cell phone environment. The first product to be released under the alliance is the mobile device operating system, Android.With the release of Android, Google made available a host of development tools and tutorials to aid would-be developers onto the new system. Help files, the platform software development kit (SDK), and even a developers’ community can be found at Google’s Android website, This site should be your starting point, and I highly encourage you to visit the site.NOTE ：Google, in promoting the new Android operating system, even went as far as to create a $10 million contest looking for new and exciting Android applications.While cell phones running Linux, Windows, and even PalmOS are easy to find, as of this writing, no hardware platforms have been announced for Android to run on. HTC, LG Electronics, Motorola, and Samsung are members of the Open Handset Alliance, under which Android has been released, so we can only hope that they have plans for a few Android-based devices in the near future. With its release in November 2007, the system itself is still in a software-only beta. This is good news for developers because it gives us a rare advance look at a future system and a chance to begin developing applications that willrun as soon as the hardware is released.NOTE：This strategy clearly gives the Open Handset Alliance a big advantage over other cell phone operating system developers, because there could be an uncountable number of applications available immediately for the first devices released to run Android.Introduction to AndroidAndroid, as a system, is a Java-based operating system that runs on the Linux 2.6 kernel. The system is very lightweight and full featured. Android applications are developed using Java and can be ported rather easily to the new platform. If you have not yet downloaded Java or are unsure about which version you need, I detail the installation of the development environment in Chapter 2. Other features of Android include an accelerated 3-D graphics engine (based on hardware support), database support powered by SQLite, and an integrated web browser.If you are familiar with Java programming or are an OOP developer of any sort, you are likely used to programmatic user interface (UI) development—that is, UI placement which is handled directly within the program code. Android, while recognizing and allowing for programmatic UI development, also supports the newer, XML-based UI layout. XML UI layout is a fairly new concept to the average desktop developer. I will cover both the XML UI layout and the programmatic UI development in the supporting chapters of this book.One of the more exciting and compelling features of Android is that, because of its architecture, third-party applications—including those that are “home grown”—are executed with the same system priority as those that are bundled with the core system. This is a major departure from most systems, which give embedded system apps a greater execution priority than the thread priority available to apps created by third-party developers. Also, each application is executed within its own thread using a very lightweight virtual machine.Aside from the very generous SDK and the well-formed libraries that are available to us to develop with, the most exciting feature for Android developers is that we now have access to anything the operating system has access to. In other words, if you want to create an application that dials the phone, you have access to the phone’s dialer; if you want to create an application that utilizes the phone’s internal GPS (if equipped), you have access to it. The potential for developers to create dynamic and intriguing applications is now wide open.On top of all the features that are available from the Android side of the equation, Google has thrown insome very tantalizing features of its own. Developers of Android applications will be able to tie their applications into existing Google offerings such as Google Maps and the omnipresent Google Search. Suppose you want to write an application that pulls up a Google map of where an incoming call is emanating from, or you want to be able to store common search results with your contacts; the doors of possibility have been flung wide open with Android.Chapter 2 begins your journey to Android development. You will learn the how’s and why’s of using specific development environments or integrated development environments (IDE), and you will download and install the Java IDE Eclipse.2 Application: Hello World2.1 Key Skills & Concepts●Creating new Android projects●Working with Views●Using a TextView●Modifying the main.xml file●Running applications on the Android EmulatorIn this chapter, you will be creating your first Android Activity. This chapter examines the application-building process from start to finish. I will show you how to create an Android project in Eclipse, add code to the initial files, and run the finished application in the Android Emulator. The resulting application will be a fully functioning program running in an Android environment.Actually, as you move through this chapter, you will be creating more than one Android Activity. Computer programming tradition dictates that your first application be the typical Hello World! application, so in the first section you will create a standard Hello World! application with just a blank background and the “Hello World!” text. Then, for the sake of enabling you to get to know the language better, the next section explains in detail the files automatically created by Android for your Hello World! application. You will create two iterations of this Activity, each using different techniques for displaying information to the screen. You will also create two different versions of a Hello World! application that will display an image that delivers the “Hello World!” message. This will give you a good introduction to the controls and inner workings of Android.NOTE：You will often see “application” and “Activity” used interchangeably. The difference between the two is that an application can be composed of multiple Activities, but one application must have at leastone Activity. Each “window” or screen of your application is a separate Activity. Therefore, if you create a fairly simple application with only one screen of data (like the Hello World! application in this chapter), that will be one Activity. In future chapters you will create applications with multiple Activities.To make sure that you get a good overall look at programming in Android, in Chapter 6 you will create both of these applications in the Android SDK command-line environment for Microsoft Windows and Linux. In other words, this chapter covers the creation process in Eclipse, and Chapter 6 covers the creation process using the command-line tools. Therefore, before continuing, you should check that your Eclipse environment is correctly configured. Review the steps in Chapter 3 for setting the PATH statement for the Android SDK. You should also ensure that the JRE is correctly in your PATH statement.TIP：If you have configuration-related issues while attempting to work with any of the command-line examples, try referring to the configuration steps in Chapters 2 and 3; and look at the Android SDK documentation.2.2 Creating Your First Android Project in EclipseTo start your first Android project, open Eclipse. When you open Eclipse for the first time, it opens to an empty development environment (see Figure 5-1), which is where you want to begin. Your first task is to set up and name the workspace for your application. Choose File | New | Android Project, which will launch the New Android Project wizard.CAUTION Do not select Java Project from the New menu. While Android applications are written in Java, and you are doing all of your development in Java projects, this option will create a standard Java application. Selecting Android Project enables you to create Android-specific applications.If you do not see the option for Android Project, this indicates that the Android plugin for Eclipse was not fully or correctly installed. Review the procedure in Chapter 3 for installing the Android plugin for Eclipse to correct this.2.3 The New Android Project wizard creates two things for youA shell application that ties into the Android SDK, using the android.jar file, and ties the project into the Android Emulator. This allows you to code using all of the Android libraries and packages, and also lets you debug your applications in the proper environment.Your first shell files for the new project. These shell files contain some of the vital application blocks upon which you will be building your programs. In much the same way as creating a Microsoft .NET application in Visual Studio generates some Windows-created program code in your files, using the Android Project wizard in Eclipse generates your initial program files and some Android-created code. Inaddition, the New Android Project wizard contains a few options, shown next, that you must set to initiate your Android project. For the Project Name field, for purposes of this example, use the title HelloWorldText. This name sufficiently distinguishes this Hello World! project from the others that you will be creating in this chapter.In the Contents area, keep the default selections: the Create New Project in Workspace radio button should be selected and the Use Default Location check box should be checked. This will allow Eclipse to create your project in your default workspace directory. The advantage of keeping the default options is that your projects are kept in a central location, which makes ordering, managing, and finding these projects quite easy. For example, if you are working in a Unix-based environment, this path points to your $HOME directory.If you are working in a Microsoft Windows environment, the workspace path will be C:/Users/<username>/workspace, as shown in the previous illustration. However, for any number of reasons, you may want to uncheck the Use Default Location check box and select a different location for your project. One reason you may want to specify a different location here is simply if you want to choose a location for this specific project that is separate from other Android projects. For example, you may want to keep the projects that you create in this book in a different location from projects that you create in the future on your own. If so, simply override the Location option to specify your own custom location directory for this project.3 Application FundamentalsAndroid applications are written in the Java programming language. The compiled Java code — along with any data and resource files required by the application — is bundled by the aapt tool into an Android package, an archive file marked by an .apk suffix. This file is the vehicle for distributing the application and installing it on mobile devices; it's the file users download to their devices. All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application.In many ways, each Android application lives in its own world:1. By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the application's code needs to be executed, and shuts down the process when it's no longer needed and system resources are required by other applications.2. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so application code runs in isolation from the code of all other applications.3. By default, each application is assigned a unique Linux user ID. Permissions are set so that the application's files are visible only to that user and only to the application itself — although there are ways to export them to other applications as well.It's possible to arrange for two applications to share the same user ID, in which case they will be able to see each other's files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process, sharing the same VM.3.1 Application ComponentsA central feature of Android is that one application can make use of elements of other applications (provided those applications permit it). For example, if your application needs to display a scrolling list of images and another application has developed a suitable scroller and made it available to others, you can call upon that scroller to do the work, rather than develop your own. Application have four types of components:(1)ActivitiesAn activity presents a visual user interface for one focused endeavor the user can undertake. For example, an activity might present a list of menu items users can choose from or it might display photographs along with their captions. A text messaging application might have one activity that shows a list of contacts to send messages to, a second activity to write the message to the chosen contact, and other activities to review old messages or change settings. Though they work together to form a cohesive user interface, each activity is independent of the others. Each one is implemented as a subclass of the Activity base class.An application might consist of just one activity or, like the text messaging application just mentioned, it may contain several. What the activities are, and how many there are depends, of course, on the application and its design. Typically, one of the activities is marked as the first one that should be presented to the user when the application is launched. Moving from one activity to another is accomplished by having the current activity start the next one.Each activity is given a default window to draw in. Typically, the window fills the screen, but it might be smaller than the screen and float on top of other windows. An activity can also make use of additional windows — for example, a pop-up dialog that calls for a user response in the midst of the activity, or a window that presents users with vital information when they select a particular item on-screen.The visual content of the window is provided by a hierarchy of views — objects derived from the base View class. Each view controls a particular rectangular space within the window. Parent views contain and organize the layout of their children. Leaf views (those at the bottom of the hierarchy) draw in the rectangles they control and respond to user actions directed at that space. Thus, views are where the activity's interaction with the user takes place.For example, a view might display a small image and initiate an action when the user taps that image. Android has a number of ready-made views that you can use — including buttons, text fields, scroll bars, menu items, check boxes, and more.A view hierarchy is placed within an activity's window by the Activity.setContentView() method. The content view is the View object at the root of the hierarchy. (See the separate User Interface document for more information on views and the hierarchy.)(2)ServicesA service doesn't have a visual user interface, but rather runs in the background for an indefinite period of time. For example, a service might play background music as the user attends to other matters, or it might fetch data over the network or calculate something and provide the result to activities that need it. Each service extends the Service base class.A prime example is a media player playing songs from a play list. The player application would probably have one or more activities that allow the user to choose songs and start playing them. However, the musicplayback itself would not be handled by an activity because users will expect the music to keep playing even after they leave the player and begin something different. To keep the music going, the media player activity could start a service to run in the background. The system would then keep the music playback service running even after the activity that started it leaves the screen.It's possible to connect to (bind to) an ongoing service (and start the service if it's not already running). While connected, you can communicate with the service through an interface that the service exposes. For the music service, this interface might allow users to pause, rewind, stop, and restart the playback.Like activities and the other components, services run in the main thread of the application process. So that they won't block other components or the user interface, they often spawn another thread for time-consuming tasks (like music playback). See Processes and Threads, later.(3)Broadcast receiversA broadcast receiver is a component that does nothing but receive and react to broadcast announcements. Many broadcasts originate in system code — for example, announcements that the timezone has changed, that the battery is low, that a picture has been taken, or that the user changed a language preference. Applications can also initiate broadcasts — for example, to let other applications know that some data has been downloaded to the device and is available for them to use.An application can have any number of broadcast receivers to respond to any announcements it considers important. All receivers extend the BroadcastReceiver base class.Broadcast receivers do not display a user interface. However, they may start an activity in response to the information they receive, or they may use the NotificationManager to alert the user. Notifications can get the user's attention in various ways — flashing the backlight, vibrating the device, playing a sound, and so on. They typically place a persistent icon in the status bar, which users can open to get the message.(4)Content providersA content provider makes a specific set of the application's data available to other applications. The data can be stored in the file system, in an SQLite database, or in any other manner that makes sense. The content provider extends the ContentProvider base class to implement a standard set of methods that enable other applications to retrieve and store data of the type it controls. However, applications do not call these methods directly. Rather they use a ContentResolver object and call its methods instead. A ContentResolver can talk to any content provider; it cooperates with the provider to manage any interprocess communication that's involved.See the separate Content Providers document for more information on using content providers. Whenever there's a request that should be handled by a particular component, Android makes sure that the application process of the component is running, starting it if necessary, and that an appropriate instance of the component is available, creating the instance if necessary.3.2 Activating components: intentsContent providers are activated when they're targeted by a request from a ContentResolver. The other three components —activities, services, and broadcast receivers —are activated by asynchronous messages called intents. An intent is an Intent object that holds the content of the message. For activities and services, it names the action being requested and specifies the URI of the data to act on, among other things. For example, it might convey a request for an activity to present an image to the user or let the user edit some text. For broadcast receivers, theIntent object names the action being announced. For example, it might announce to interested parties that the camera button has been pressed.。
物联网技术与现代农业生产 外文文献翻译
The Internet of things technology and modern agricultural productionAbstract—The Internet of Things assumes that objects have digital functionality and can be identified and tracked automatically. The main goal of embedded interaction is to look at new opportunities that arise for interactive systems and the immediate value users gain. The authors developed various prototypes to explore novel ways for human-computer interaction (HCI), enabled by the Internet of Things and related technologies. Based on these experiences, they derive a set of guidelines for embedding interfaces into people’s daily lives.Keyword: Internet of Things, greenhouse, agricultureOne, what is the Internet of things the greenhouseGreenhouse simple understanding of the Internet of things is the introduction of the Internet of things technology in greenhouse. On the basis of Internet of things refers to the computer to the Internet, using the radio frequency identification technology, such as wireless data communication technology to construct a global goods information real-time Shared objects to the Internet, referred to as "the Internet of things, it is the modern information technology development to a certain stage, appeared a polymerized applications and technology to promote. Now that the Internet of things is to all sorts of perception technology, modern network technology and artificial intelligence and integrated automation technology polymerization and application, so it goes with modern greenhouse have connected.The Internet of things is an important part of a new generation of information technology. Its English name is "The Internet of things". Thus, as the name implies, "Internet of things is something connected to the Internet". This has two meanings: first, the core and foundation of the Internet of things is still the Internet, is based on Internet of extension and expansion of network; Extension is second, its clients and extends to any goods and articles, information exchange and communication. Internet of things is "material objects connected to the Internet. Through the Internet of things intellisense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the computer and the Internet after the third wave of world information industry development. The Internet of things is an Internet application development, Internet of things is not so much network, Internet of things is a business and application. Therefore, innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of things application, the user experience as the core of innovation is the soul of the development of the Internet of things. 2.0.Internet of Things is defined by the radio frequency identification (the Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) devices, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing device, according to the greed protocol, any goods and the Internet connected to the exchange of information and communication, and advanced cloud computing technology and supercomputers huge amount of data analyzed with a view to helping people make the right decision to act, in order to achieve intelligent identify, locate, track, monitor and manage a kinds of networks. The essence of the Internet of Things is to give the network a new meaning, blending and interaction between persons and things, the normative Reply identification, to make the choice of the program. The composition of the Internet of Things including:(1)P eripheral nodes (acquisition and control layer): namely the use of a variety ofsensors, RFID formed between the object identification and data exchange;(2)A ccess layer (data transport layer): all network form, including wired, wireless,and in the form of Wi-Fi wireless LAN, 2G, 3G, and so on;(3)T he bearer network;(4)A pplication of the control layer;(5)B earer network of computer networks and communication networks for businesson the basis network of Things network.Second, the Internet of things technology developmentIOT(Internet of Things)as early as in 1999, that is to say, put all the objects through the radio-frequency identification information such as the sensing device with an Internet connection, to realize intelligent identification and management. In Tunisia in 2005 at the world summit on the information society, the international telecommunication union released "ITU Internet report:" the Internet of things "formally put forward the concept of Internet of things. IOT concept is put forward, and quickly catch on around the world, the world has become a global attention the keywords.In 2009 the United States the Obama administration will "Internet of things" promoted to national strategic direction, with radio frequency identification (RFID), sensors, qr codes, networking and intelligent information processing as a representative of the Internet of things technology is accelerating applied in agricultural production areas in the west.In China, on August 7, 2009, premier wen jiabao of the state council micro-nano sensor network engineering technology research and development center in wuxi inspection studio said China should seize the opportunity, develop the Internet of things technology; On August 26, 2009, zhu hongren, chief engineer of ministry of industry and industrial economic operation in China in the summer of 2009 report, said at the meeting is being paid close attention to in our country, attaches great importance to the research inthe Internet of things; On September 11, 2009, ministry of sensor network standardization working group was set up, marked the our country will accelerate the formulation can meet the demand of the development of sensor network international standards, on March 5, 2010 in the three times of the 11th National People's Congress meeting, premier wen jiabao in his government work report for the first time again asked to speed up research and development of the Internet of things applications. At this point, construction of the Internet of things rise to national strategic height.Third, why should use the Internet of things the greenhouseThe greenhouse inside air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, co2 concentration and light and so on agricultural environment information collection, is essential to the production, but this is not purely depend on can achieve. In greenhouse environment, pavilions greenhouse to use the Internet of things technology, become a measurement control, wireless sensor network (WSN) use different sensor node and the node has a simple actuator, such as fan, low pressure motor, the valve actuator working current is low, a wireless network to measure humidity, matrix composition, pH, temperature and humidity of the air pressure, light intensity, co2 concentration, again through the model analysis, automatic control of greenhouse environment control, irrigation and fertilization, so as to get the best condition of plant growth.For greenhouse into agricultural park, Internet of things also can realize automatic measurement and control information. By equipped with wireless sensor nodes, each wireless sensor node can monitor various environmental parameters. By receiving data from the wireless sensor gathering node, for storage, display and data management, which can realize all base test points information acquisition, management, and analysis, and the intuitive graph and curve display for each greenhouse users, according to the requirements of plant at the same time provide a variety of sound and light alarm message and SMS alarm information, and to achieve greenhouse intensive, networked remote management.Four, the Internet of things technology, traditional agricultural why needThe party's 16th national congress put forward, the construction of modern agriculture, develop rural economy, increasing farmers' income, is the comprehensive construction socialism new countryside important task. "Farmers" problem is the party and the government care about a great event.At present, traditional agricultural extensive model has far can not adapt to the needs of agricultural sustainable development, the product quality problem, a serious shortage of resources and general waste, environmental pollution, product variety many problems,such as the agricultural demand diversity into a vicious cycle, the development of agriculture to the development of modern agriculture indeed provides a shining path, precision agriculture and traditional agriculture than the biggest characteristics is a high and new technology and scientific management for the biggest saving for the resource. It is a comprehensive very strong system engineering, is an agricultural implement way of the low consumption, high efficiency, high quality, environmental protection, is the new trend of world agricultural development, also is the best choice for our country agriculture to realize agricultural modernization.Agricultural IOT(Internet of Things) is the Internet of Things technology in the application of agricultural production and operation management, by operating terminals and sensors to collect all kinds of agricultural data, through the wireless sensors, mobile communications, wireless network and wired network to realize information transmission, through the homework terminal to realize monitoring and management in the whole process of the agricultural production process. Agricultural Internet of things can change traditional, extensive mode of agricultural production and management, improve the ability of crop diseases and insect pests prevention and control, change the management mode of agricultural products to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products, will lead the development trend in modern agriculture, therefore, at present, China's agriculture is in the process of transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, in particular by using modern material conditions is equipped with traditional agriculture, through to transform traditional agriculture, modern technology to further enhance the level of the agricultural industrial chain. Internet of things technology can achieve comprehensive perception, stable transmission and intelligent management, the technical characteristics decided the Internet of things will be in the process of the construction of modern agriculture.Five, the advantage of Internet of things of agriculture intelligent measurement and control systemOne of Five, comprehensive monitoring and precise regulation of agricultural growth processControl system in the greenhouse, the IOT system pH sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, light sensors, ion sensors, biosensors, carbon dioxide sensors equipment detection in the environment temperature, relative humidity, pH, light intensity, soil nutrient, physical parameters, such as carbon dioxide concentration, through a variety of instruments, meters real-time display or as an automatic control parameter involved in the automatic control, to ensure the growth of the crops have a good, suitable for the environment. Remote control the implementation of the technical staff in the office can control multiple greenhouse environment monitoring. By usingwireless network is measured to obtain the best condition of crop growth, can provide scientific basis for accurate control greenhouse, to increase production, improve quality, regulate growth cycle, improve the economic benefit. The purpose ofTwo of Five, improve the efficiency of waterInduction in soil moisture sensors and control irrigation systems in order to realize the automatic water saving and energy saving, can build a high efficiency, low energy consumption, low investment, multi-functional platform for agricultural water saving irrigation. Agriculture is our country's water conservation, and its water consumption accounts for about 70% of the total water consumption. According to statistics, due to the dry food in our country, on average, the affected area up to 20 million h m/year, losses of food accounted for 50% of total national output as a result of food. For a long time, because of technology, backward management level, lead to irrigation water waste is very serious, agricultural irrigation water utilization rate is only 40%. If according to the monitoring soil moisture information, real-time control irrigation timing and water amount, water use efficiency can be effectively improved. And artificial time measuring moisture content, not only cost a lot of manpower, and to do real-time monitoring; The cable measurement and control system, requires the high cost of wiring, not easy to expand, and inconvenience to farm. With low power wireless sensor network node through the ZigBee ad-hoc network way of water-saving irrigation control system based on wireless sensor network (WSN), to avoid the wiring for the inconvenience, the shortcomings of flexibility is poor, to realize continuous online monitoring soil moisture, irrigation and water-saving irrigation automatic control, both for improving the utilization ratio of irrigation water, to alleviate the problem of the growing scarcity of water resources in our country, also provide a good growth environment for crop growth.Three of Five, agriculture from production to the standardization of quality supervision, inspection and transportation and network managementIntelligent agricultural greenhouses iot information system research to produce a variety of sensors, such as temperature, chemical growth process of the whole monitoring and digital management; Combination of RFID electronic tags in the cultivation, production, quality inspection, transportation process, real time identifiable data storage and management. In the field of modern greenhouse cultivation, the Internet of things technology accurately to caress the fruit and vegetable and crop seedling. In this process, the pH sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, optical sensors, ion sensors, biosensors, carbon dioxide sensors such as equipment, detection in the environment temperature, relative humidity, pH, light intensity, soil nutrient, physical parameters, such as carbon dioxide concentration, through a variety of instrumentation real-time display, or as the automatic control of depending on a parameter involved in the automatic control,guarantee crops have a good, suitable for the growth of the environment, thus to increase crop yield, improve quality, regulate growth cycle, improve the economic benefit, the purpose of implement the standardization of agricultural production, networked and digitized.Six, the limitations of iot technology in agricultureOne of Six, make the cost higherAlthough the cost of the sensor have fallen significantly in recent years, but its application cost is still high, a humidity sensor to hundreds of yuan, a soil moisture sensor to more than one thousand yuan, a greenhouse environment parameter all sensors should be in ten thousand yuan, for farmers still is a big investment, so the Internet of things of agriculture application also mainly concentrated in some scientific research institutes, agricultural enterprise and the government to promote projects, to large-scale promotion also need to drastically reduce the cost.Two of Six, technical problemsCurrent sensor may be due to improper installation location data, or the stability of the sensor is bad because of the time change, data gathering are some wireless sensor signals transmission distance is limited, data transmission is not stable, high maintenance costs. Again such as power supply problem also is not very good solve, if using solar power, the power is not enough, if use alternating current (ac), the vast majority of greenhouse without electricity and the need to wash the power cord, all of these limit the Internet of things in agriculture large-scale popularization.Seven, the Internet of things technology in the agricultural development trendIn order to achieve a high level of facility agriculture, to develop in the direction of refinement, intensive agriculture in our country, must use scientific and technological progress, especially attaches great importance to the application of information technology in agriculture is very important. Realization of Internet of things technology application in the field of agriculture is to improve agricultural production means, improve the efficiency of agricultural production and production level of beneficial attempt. Internet of things technology application in agriculture, can change the extensive mode of agricultural management, also can improve the ability of plant and animal epidemic disease prevention and control, ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, leading the modern agricultural development in the field of modern greenhouse cultivation, the Internet of things technology accurately to caress the seedlings of fruit vegetables and crops. In this process, the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pH sensor,light sensor, ion sensors, biosensors, carbon dioxide sensors such as equipment, detection in the environment temperature, relative humidity, pH, light intensity, soil nutrient, physical parameters, such as carbon dioxide concentration, through a variety of instrumentation real-time display, or as the automatic control of depending on a parameter involved in the automatic control, to ensure the growth of the crops have a good, suitable for the environment.In the fruits and vegetables and food storage, temperature sensor plays a huge role, refrigerator according to real-time parameters of cold storage temperature within the sensor to implement automatic control and keep the relative stability of the temperature.Internet of things, therefore, has a broad application prospect in agricultural areas, in terms of farmland, orchards and other large-scale production can use the Internet of things technology turn agricultural environment temperature, humidity, illumination, precipitation, etc., the soil organic matter content, temperature and humidity, heavy metal content, pH, etc., and the characteristics of plant growth information such as real-time access to transport and use, and that for scientific fertilization, irrigation work has very important significance, has become the field of Internet of things of agriculture research one of the most main topic.Based on wireless sensor network technology in the Internet of things of agriculture is the direction of the facilities agriculture, agricultural IOT will greatly promote the development of facilities agriculture in our country, really realize the automation, intellectualization and modernization of agriculture in our country. At present, in our country some areas of agricultural facilities, Internet of things of agriculture has received initial deployment, and obtained the considerable economic benefits. But in popularization of the Internet of things of agriculture also faces many difficulties, such as cost of sensor nodes, wireless sensor network system of power consumption, perception nodes data efficient transmission problems and so on. How to overcome these difficulties, it is key to the development of the Internet of things of agriculture. Believe that along with the relevant scientific research institutions and scholars at home and abroad continue to exploration and efforts, the various technology unceasing development and perfect, these difficulties will be readily solved, finally realize a highly efficient, high quality and safe facilities industry monitoring system.References1.M. Kranz et al., “Context-Aware Kitchen Utilities,” Proc. 1st Int，l Conf. Tangible and Embedded Interaction (TEI 07), ACM Press, 2007, pp.213-214.2.M. Kranz et al., “Sensing Technologies and the Player Middleware for Context-Awareness in Kitchen Envi ronments,” Proc. 4th Int，l Conf.Networked Sensing Systems (INSS 07), IEEE Press, 2007, pp. 179-186.3.R. Wimmer et al., “CapTable and CapShelf —Unobtrusive Activity Recognition Using Networked Capacitive Sensors, Proc. 4th Int'l Conf.Networked Sensing Systems (INSS 07), IEEE Press, 2007, pp. 85-88.4.S. Paasovaara et al., “Evaluating Capacitive Touch Input on Clothes,” Proc. 10th Int’l Conf. Human-Com-puter Interaction with MobileDevices and Services (MobileHCI 08), ACM Press, 2008, pp. 81-90.5.P. Holleis et al., “Playing with the Real World,” J. Virtual Reality and Broadcasting, vol. 3, no. 1, 2006, pp. 1-12.6.M. Kranz et al., “The Therapy Top Measureme nt and Visualization System — An Example for the Advance ments in Existing Sports Equipments,”Int，l J. Computer Science in Sport, vol. 5, no. 2, 2006, pp. 201-210.7. A. Schmidt, P. Holleis, and M. Kranz, “Sensor Virrig: A Balance Cushion as Controller,” Adjunct Proc. 6th Int’l Conf. Ubiquitous Computing(UbiComp 04), 2004; /documents/sensorvirrigabalance cushionascontroller.pdf.8.T. Matthews et al., “Augmenting Collections of Every day Objects: A Case Study of Clothes Hangers as an Information Display,” Proc. 2nd Int’lConf. Pervasive Computing (Pervasive 04), Springer, 2004, pp. 340-344.9.P. Holleis et al., “Displayed Connectivity,” Adjunct Proc. 7th Int’l Conf. Ubiquitous Computing(UbiComp 05), 2005;/documents/DisplayedConnectivity -HolleisKranzSchmidt_UbiComp2005Demo.pdf.10.P. Holleis, “Programming Interactive Physical Prototypes,” Proc. 1st Int，l Workshop on Design and Integration Principles for SmartObjects (DIPSO 07), 2007; /workshops/dipso/dipso 2007/programme.php.。
物联网中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文资料外文翻译Internet of Things1.the definition of connotationThe English name of the Internet of Things The Internet of Things, referred to as: the IOT.Internet of Things through the pass, radio frequency identification technology, global positioning system technology, real-time acquisition of any monitoring, connectivity, interactive objects or processes, collecting their sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, the location of a variety of the information you need network access through a variety of possible things and things, objects and people in the Pan-link intelligent perception of items and processes, identification and management. The Internet of Things IntelliSense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application, known as the third wave of the world's information industry development following the computer, the Internet. Not so much the Internet of Things is a network, as Internet of Things services and applications, Internet of Things is also seen as Internet application development. Therefore, the application of innovation is the core of the development of Internet of Things, and 2.0 of the user experience as the core innovation is the soul of Things.2.The meaning of "material"Where the "objects" to meet the following conditions can be included in the scope of the "Internet of Things":1. Receiver have the appropriate information;2. Have a data transmission path;3. Have a certain storage capabilities;4. To have the CPU;5．To have the operating system;6. Have specialized applications;7. Have a data transmitter;8. Follow the communication protocol of Things;9. World Network, a unique number that can be identified.3. "Chinese style" as defined inInternet of Things (Internet of Things) refers to is the ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) terminal equipment (Devices) and facilities (Facilities), including with the "inner intelligence" sensors, mobile terminals, industrial systems, floor control system, the family of Intelligentfacilities, video surveillance systems, and external can "(Enabled), such as RFID, a variety of assets (the Assets), personal and vehicle carrying the wireless terminal" intelligent objects or animals "or" smart dust "(the Mote), through a variety of wireless and / or cable over long distances and / or short-range communication networks to achieve interoperability (M2M), application integration (the Grand Integration), and based on cloud computing, SaaS operation mode, in internal network (intranet), private network (extranet), and / or the Internet (Internet) environment, the use of appropriate information security mechanisms to provide a safe, controlled and even personalized real-time online monitoring, retrospective positioning, alarm linkage, command and control plan management, remote control, security, remote repair and maintenance, online upgrades, statistical reporting, decision support, the leadership of the desktop (showcase of the Cockpit Dashboard) management and service functions, "Everything," "efficient, energy saving, security environmental protection, "" possession, control, Camp integration [1].4.EU definitionIn September 2009, the Internet of Things and enterprise environments held in Beijing, China-EU Seminar on the European Commission and Social Media Division RFID Division is responsible for Dr. Lorent Ferderix, given the EU's definition of things: the Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standards-based and interoperable communication protocols, self-organizing capabilities, including physical and virtual "objects" of identity, physical attributes, virtual features and smart interface and seamless integration of information networks .Internet of Things Internet and media, the Internet and business Internet one, constitute the future of the Internet.5．changeThe Internet of Things (Internet of Things) the word universally recognized at home and abroad Ashton, Professor of the MIT Auto-ID Center in 1999 first proposed to study RFID. The report of the same name released in 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the definition and scope of the Internet of Things has been a change in the coverage of a larger expansion, no longer refers only to the Internet of Things based on RFID technology.Since August 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward the "Experience China" Internet of Things was officially listed as a national one of the five emerging strategic industries, to write the "Government Work Report" Internet of Things in China has been the great concern of the society as a whole degree of concern is unparalleled in the United States, European Union, as well as other countries.The concept of Internet of Things is not so much a foreign concept, as it has been the concept of a "Made in China", his coverage of the times, has gone beyond the scope of the 1999 Ashton professor and the 2005 ITU report referred to, Internet of Things has been labeled a "Chinese style" label.6．BackgroundThe concept of Internet of Things in 1999. Internet-based, RFID technology and EPC standards, on the basis of the computer Internet, the use of radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication technology, a global items of information to real-time sharing of the physical Internet "Internet of things" (referred to as the Internet of Things) , which is also the basis of the first round of the China Internet of Things boom set off in 2003.The sensor network is built up based on sensing technology network. Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 on the start sensor network research and has made some achievements in scientific research, the establishment of applicable sensor network.1999, held in the United States, mobile computing and networking International Conference, "The sensor network is a development opportunity facing humanity in the next century. In 2003, the United States, "Technology Review" proposed sensor network technology will be future changes ten people's lives first.November 17, 2005, the WSIS held in Tunis (WSIS), the International TelecommunicationUnion released ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things ", citing the concept of the" Internet of things ". The report pointed out that the ubiquitous "Internet of Things" communication era is approaching, all the objects in the world, from tires to toothbrushes, from housing to the tissue via the Internet, take the initiative to be exchanged. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), sensor technology, nanotechnology, intelligent embedded technology will be more widely used.According to the description of the ITU, the era of things, a short-range mobile transceivers embedded in a variety of daily necessities, human beings in the world of information and communication will receive a new communication dimension, from any time communication between people of the place of connection extended to the communication connection between persons and things and things and things. The Internet of Things concept of the rise, largely due to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the title of Internet of Things 2005 annual Internet Report. However, the ITU report the lack of a clear definition of Things.Domestic Internet of Things is also there is no single standard definition, but the Internet of Things In essence, the Internet of Things is a polymer application of modern information technology to a certain stage of development and technological upgrading of various sensing technology modern network technology and artificial intelligence and automation technology aggregation and integration of applications, so that the human and material wisdom of dialogue to create a world of wisdom. Because the development of the Internet of Things technology, involving almost all aspects of IT, innovative application and development of a polymer, systematic, and therefore be called revolutionary innovation of information industry. Summed up the nature of the Internet of Things is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the Internet features that need to be networked objects must be able to achieve the interoperability of the Internet; identification and communication features, that is included in the Internet of Things "objects" must to have the functions of automatic identification and physical objects communication (M2M); intelligent features, the network system should have automated, self-feedback and intelligent control features January 28, 2009, Obama became the President of the United States, held with U.S. business leaders a "round table", as one of the only two representatives, IBM CEO Sam Palmisano for the first time that "the wisdom of the Earth" this concept, it is recommended that the new government to invest in a new generation of intelligent infrastructure.February 24, 2009 news, IBM Greater China CEO money crowd called "Smarter Planet"strategy announced in the forum 2009IBM.This concept was put forth, that is the great concern of the United States from all walks of life, and even analysts believe that IBM's vision is very likely to rise to U.S. national strategy, and caused a sensation in the world. IBM believes that the industry, the next phase of the mission is to make full use of the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among specifically, is the embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems dams, oil and gas pipelines and other objects, and is generally connected to the formation of Things.Strategy conference, IBM, and implant the concept of "wisdom" in the implementation of the infrastructure, strong, not only in the short term to stimulate the economy, promote employment, and in a short period of time for China to build a mature wisdom infrastructure platform.IBM "Smarter Planet" strategy will set off again after the wave of Internet technology industrial revolution. Former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner has raised an important point of view, every 15 years, a revolution in computing model. This judgment is the same as Moore's Law accurately call it a "15-year cycle Law". Before and after 1965, changes to the mainframe as a symbol, 1980 marked by the popularization of personal computers, 1995, the Internet revolution. Each such technological change are caused by the enterprise, industry and even the national competitive landscape of major upheaval and change. To a certain extent in the Internet revolution is ripening by the "information superhighway" strategy. 1990s, the Clinton administration plan for 20 years, $ 200 billion to -4000 billion, construction of the U.S. National Information Infrastructure, to create a huge economic and social benefits.Today, the "Smarter Planet" strategy by many Americans that there are many similarities with the "information superhighway", the same they revive the economy, a key strategy for competitive advantage. The strategy can be set off, not only for the United States, such as the Internet revolution was the wave of technological and economic concern, more attention from the world."Internet of Things prospects are very bright, it will dramatically change our current way of life." Demonstration director of the Center of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Electrical and Electronic Zhao Guoan said. Industry experts said that the Internet of things to our life personification of the things became a kind of human.Goods (goods) in the world of physical objects associated with each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention.The Internet of Things using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet. It can be said that the Internet of Things depict the world is full of intelligent. In the world of Internet of Things, material objects connected to the dragnet.The second session, held at Peking University in November 2008, China Mobile Government Seminar "Knowledge Society and Innovation 2.0", the experts made the mobile technology, the Internet of Things technology led to the development of economic and social form, innovative forms of change, and promote the The next generation of innovation for the knowledge society as the core of user experience (innovative 2.0) the formation of innovation and development of the form to pay more attention to the user to focus on people-oriented. Research institutions is expected to 10 years, the Internet of Things may be mass adoption of this technology will develop into one of thousands of yuan-scale high-tech market, the industry than the Internet 30 times.It is learned that the things industry chain can be broken down into the identity, perception, processing and information transfer, four links, each link of the key technologies for the wireless transmission network of RFID, sensors, smart chip and telecom operators. EPOSS in the "Internet of Things in 2020" report, an analysis predicted that the future development of the Internet of Things will go through four stages, 2010, RFID is widely used in the field of logistics, retail and pharmaceutical objects interconnect 2010 to 2015, 2015 ~ In 2020, the object into the semi-intelligent, intelligent objects into 2020.As the vanguard of the Internet of Things, RFID has become the most concerned about the technology market. The data show that the global RFID market size in 2008 from $ 4.93 billion in 2007 rose to $ 5.29 billion, this figure covers all aspects of the RFID market, including tags, readers and other infrastructure, software and services. RFID card and card-related infrastructure will account for 57.3 percent of the market, reaching $ 3.03 billion. Application from financial and security industries will drive the market growth of RFID cards. Analysys International forecasts, the Chinese RFID market size in 2009 will reach 5.0 billion, a CAGR of 33%, in which the electronic tag is more than 3.8 billion yuan, the reader close to 700 million yuan, software and services market to reach 500 million yuan pattern.MEMS is the abbreviation of the micro-electromechanical systems, MEMS technology is built on the basis of micro / nano, the market prospect is broad. The main advantage of the MEMS sensoris the small size, large-scale mass production cost reduction, mainly used in two major areas of automotive and consumer electronics. Under ICInsight the latest report is expected in 2007-2012, global sales of semiconductor sensors and actuators based on MEMS will reach 19 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR), compared with $ 4.1 billion in 2007 to five years will achieve $ 9.7 billion in annual sales.7．PrincipleInternet of Things is on the basis of the computer Internet, RFID, wireless data communications technology, to construct a cover everything in the world's "Internet of Things". In this network, the goods (products) to each other "exchange", without the need for human intervention. Its essence is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet.The Internet of Things is a very important technology is radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID is radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification) technology abbreviation, is an automatic identification technology in the 1990s began to rise, the more advanced a non-contact identification technology. The development of RFID technology based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, to build a one composed by a large number of networked readers and numerous mobile label, much larger than the Internet of Things trend.RFID, It is able to let items "speak" a technique. In the "Internet of Things" concept, RFID tags are stored in the specification and interoperability information collected automatically by wireless data communications network to a central information system, to achieve the identification of goods (products), and then through the open computer network for information exchange and sharing, items "transparent" management.The information technology revolution in the Internet of Things is referred to as IT mobile Pan of a specific application. Internet of Things through IntelliSense, identification technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network convergence applications, breaking the conventional thinking before, human beings can achieve ubiquitous computing and network connectivity [3]. The traditional thinking has been the separation of physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: on the one hand, airports, roads, buildings, while on the other hand, the data center, PC, broadband. In theera of the "Internet of Things", reinforced concrete, cable with the chip, broadband integration into a unified infrastructure, in this sense, the infrastructure is more like a new site of the Earth, the world really works it, which including economic management, production operation, social and even personal life. "Internet of Things" makes it much more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to manage the future of the city to achieve the status of "wisdom" to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve the relationship between man and nature. 8．Agency1, institution-buildingAs the first national Internet of Things industry community organizations - the application of professional Committee of China Electronic Chamber of Things technology products (referred to as: "objects of the IPCC"), the Ministry of Civil Affairs in June 2010, preliminary approved by the Ministry of August being reported that the Ministry of Civil Affairs for final approval.2, the main taskServe as a bridge between business and government to assist the Government of the industry guidance, coordination, consultation and services to help members to reflect the business requirements to the Government; coordinate the relationship between enterprises to strengthen technical cooperation, product distribution, the elimination of vicious competition ; supervision of members the correct implementation of national laws and regulations, to regulate the industry; member of information communication technology products, cooperation, resource sharing, capital operation, and promote the application of Internet of Things technologies and products, and promote the Internet of Things industrial scale , co-development.9．ConstructionInternet of Things in the practical application to carry out requires the involvement of all walks of life, and need the guidance of the national government as well as related regulations and policies to assist the launching of the Internet of Things has the scale, broad participation, management, technical, and material properties, etc. other features, the technical problem is the most crucial issues of Things billion Bo logistics consulting, Internet of Things technology is an integrated technology, a system not yet which company has overall responsibility for network planning and construction of the entire system, theoretical studies have commenced in all walks of life and the practical application is limited to within the industry. The key is on the planning and design andresearch and development of the Internet of Things research in the field of RFID, sensors, embedded software, and transmission of data calculation. In general, to carry out the steps of the Internet of things mainly as follows:(1) identified the object attributes, properties, including static and dynamic properties of the static property can be stored directly in the label, the dynamic properties need to start with sensors to detect real-time;(2) the need to identify the equipment to complete the reading of object attributes, and information into a data format suitable for network transmission;(3) the object of information transmitted over the network to the information processing center (processing center may be distributed, such as home computers or mobile phones, may also be centralized, such as China Mobile IDC) by the processing center to complete the object communication calculation.10．key areasInternet of Things 4 key areas:(1) RFID;(2) sensor network;(3) The M2M;(4) integration of the two.11.TrendIndustry experts believe that the Internet of things on the one hand can improve economic efficiency and significant cost savings; the other hand, can provide technical impetus to global economic recovery. Currently, the United States, the European Union are all invested heavily in-depth study to explore the Internet of Things. The country is also highly concerned about the emphasis of Things, Industry and Information Technology Ministry in conjunction with the relevant departments are conducting research in a new generation of IT to the formation of policies and measures to support the development of a new generation of IT.China Mobile CEO Wang Jianzhou has repeatedly mentioned the Internet of Things will become the focus of future development of China Mobile. He will be invited to Taiwan to produce RFID, sensors and bar code manufacturers and China Mobile. According to him, the use of the Internet of Things technology, Shanghai Mobile has a number of industrial customers tailor the datacollection, transmission, processing and business management in one set of wireless application solutions. The latest data show that Shanghai Mobile has more than 100,000 chips mounted on a taxi, bus, various forms of matter networking applications in all walks of prowess, to ensure the orderly operation of the city. During the Shanghai World Expo, "the bus services through" will be fully applied to the Shanghai public transport system, the smooth flow traffic to the most advanced technology to protect Expo area; for logistics transportation management, e-logistics ", will provide users with real-time accurate information of Cargo, vehicle tracking and positioning, the transport path selection, logistics network design and optimization services greatly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises.In addition, the popularization of the "Internet of Things" for the number of animals, plants and machinery, sensors and RFID tags of items and related interface devices will greatly exceed the number of mobile phones. The promotion of the Internet of Things will become a drive to promote economic development for the industry to open up a potential development opportunities. According to the current demand on the Internet of Things, in recent years, billions of sensors and electronic tags, which will greatly promote the production of IT components, while increasing the number of job opportunities.According to reports, it is necessary to truly build an effective Internet of things, there are two important factors. First, the scale, only with the scale to make the items of intelligence play a role. For example, a city of one million vehicles, if we only 10000 vehicles installed on the smart system, it is impossible to form an intelligent transportation system; two mobility items are usually not static, but in the state of the movement , we must maintain the items in the state of motion, and even high-speed motion state can at any time for dialogue.FORRESTER of the authority of the U.S. advisory body predicted that 2020, the world of business of the Internet of Things, compared with the business of interpersonal communication, will reach 30 to 1, so the "Internet of Things" is known to be the next one trillion communications services.Internet of Things heat wave Why is rapidly growing in China? Internet of Things in China rapid rise thanks to the several advantages of our country in terms of things.In the early 1999 launched the Internet of Things core sensor network technology research, R & D level in the world; the second, sensor network field in the world, China is the standard one ofthe dominant country, the patent owner; third China is one of the countries to achieve a complete industrial chain of Things; Fourth, China's wireless communications network and broadband coverage provides a solid infrastructure to support the development of the Internet of Things; Fifth, China has become the world's first the three major economies, with strong economic strength to support the development of the Internet of Things.12.MythThe current understanding of the Internet of things there are a lot of misunderstanding, which is also a direct impact on our understanding of Things on the development of the logistics industry, it is necessary first to distinguish errors, clarify our thinking.One sensor networks or RFID network equivalent of Things. The fact that sensor technology, or RFID technology, or are simply one of the information collection technology. In addition to the sensor technology and RFID technology, GPS, video recognition, infrared, laser, scanning can be achieved automatically identify physical objects to communicate technical information collection technology can become the Internet of Things. Sensor networks or RFID network is just an application of Things, but not all of Things.Second, the Internet of Things as a myriad of unlimited extension of the Internet of Things as a completely open for all things, all of the interconnections, all shared Internet platform.In fact, the Internet of Things is not simple infinite extension of the global sharing of the Internet. Even if the Internet is also not only refers to we typically think of the international sharing computer network, Internet, WAN and LAN. Internet of Things can be both an extension of our usual sense of the Internet to the matter; LAN, professional can also be based on real needs and industrial applications. The reality is not necessary and can not make all the items networking; no need to make professional, LAN must be connected to the global Internet sharing platform. Of things in the future the Internet will be very different from the professional network of similar smart logistics, smart transportation, smart grid; the intelligence community and other local area network is the largest use of space.Ter, that the ubiquitous network of the Internet of Things Internet of Things, and therefore the Internet of Things is a castle in the air, is difficult to achieve the technology. In fact the Internet of things are real, many of the primary Internet of Things applications already for our services. The Internet of Things concept is introduced in many real-world applications based on polymericintegrated innovation, pre-existing network with the Internet of Things, intelligent, automated system, summarized and upgrading it upgraded from a higher perspective our knowledge.Four of Things as a basket, and everything installed inside; based on self-awareness, and only be able to interact, communication products as the Internet of Things applications. For example, just embedded some of the sensors, to become the so-called Internet of Things appliances; products labeled with RFID tags, became the Internet of Things applications.esThings widely used throughout the intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government, public safety, peace at home, smart fire, industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring, elderly care, personal health, floriculture, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy detection and intelligence collection and other fields.International Telecommunication Union in 2005, a report has portrayed the picture of the era of the "Internet of Things": car when the driver operational errors will automatically alarm; briefcase will remind the owner forgot something; clothes will "tell" washing machine color and water temperature requirements. Billion Bo logistics consulting vivid introduction of Things in the logistics field, for example, a logistics company, application of Things truck, when loading overweight, the car will automatically tell you overloaded and overload how many, but the space remaining , the severity of goods with how to tell you; when handling staff unloading a cargo packaging may be shouting "throw you hurt me", or "My dear, you do not get too barbaric, you can?"; when the driver and others gossip, trucks will pretend boss's voice roaring "stupid, the grid!Internet of things to make full use of a new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among, specifically, is embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines, etc.kinds of objects, and then "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to integrate and realize the integration of human society and the physical system, which in this integrated network, there is the ability to super-powerful central computer cluster, integrated network staff implementation of real-time management and control of the machinery, equipment and infrastructure, on this basis, the human can be more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to achieve the status of the "wisdom", to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve human the relationship between the natural.。
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