2017年考研英语阅读8类题型解题思路(终稿)

2017年考研英语阅读8类题型解题思路

英语阅读理解分值占比40%的，得阅读者得英语不是说说而已。而要拿下阅读，必须要掌握做题的方法和技巧，下文中将重点谈谈针对不同的题型的解题思路，2017考研必看！

一.细节题

1、题干上有五个W一个H提问。

2、题干中明确会提到的时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。

3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。

4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。

5、解题关键：返回原文，准确定位。

做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身，要注意返回原文找答案：

1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。

2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。

3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词或同义词返回原文。

4、通过长难句返回原文。

【真题例题】

2001年Passage 1

Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalization of scientific activity.

54. The direct reason for specialization is _________。

[A]the development in communication

[B]the growth of professionalization

[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge

[D]the splitting up of academic societies

该题考察的是实行专业化的直接因素是什么，根据本文第一句即可找到答案C为正确选项，其中“as a response to”即表示的是因果关系。

二.句子理解题

1、标志：题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话。

2、步骤：

(1)重点是返回原文，对该句子进行精准解析，正确理解句子的深刻含义(不能推)。若句

子没有有价值信息或者都不懂，可以看一下前后句来综合判断。

(2)若该句话的含义不能确定，则适当依据上下文进行判断。局部含义有整体含义决定。

(3)一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系，只不过用其他短语表达。

3、错误选项特征：推的过远，做题时注意把握理解度。

4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。

【真题例题】

2008年Passage 1

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.”Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that

[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.

[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

解析：原句可能很多同学不太能理解，此时看一下前面的句子。文章倒数第二句话说Alvarez 是单身母亲，面临很大的生存压力，需要照顾十多岁的孩子，付房租，支付用车花销，偿还贷款等，选项中只有B项中所指的她的薪水几乎不能满足日常生活开销符合文意。

三. 主旨大意题

1、标志：best title，main idea，main problem，conclusion，mainly discuss，mainly deal with或者问作者的写作目的purpose, the author intends to do sth. a digest of，利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题，不管是出现在什么位置，都把他作为最后一题来做。

2、方法：

(1)段落少，用串线法。

(2)快速作文法：两个选项难以分辨的时候，用这两个选项做作文，快速给出提纲。

3、选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选范围过宽的信息。

【真题例题】

2009年Text 2

It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom—or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore—and another $120 to get the results.

……

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

26. In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s

27. PTK is used to

28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to

29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is

30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be

[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing

[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems

[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab

[D] Lies Behind DNA Testing

【解析】

首先判断出30题是主旨题。读完五道题题干，我们可以从28题题干中“testing fails to”以及29题题干中的“a problem…testing faces”可以看出，两道题题干中重复出现了“testing”，而“fails to”(失败之处) 和“a problem”(问题)所表达的语义相近，都可以指问题所在。因此，“testing”和“问题”搜是本文的中心词。因此本篇文章作者主要讨论的应该跟基因测试以及其出现的问题，由此再看四个选项只有B选项涵盖了两个中心词的意思。答案应该是B选项。