计算机组织与系统结构 (A-1 卷)
计算机组成原理试卷

考试科目名称 计算机组织与系统结构 (A卷)2008——2009学年第 2 学期 教师 袁春风/窦万春考试方式:闭卷系(专业) 计算机科学与技术年级 2007班级学号 姓名 成绩题号一二三四五六分数一、填空题(本大题共10小题,每空1分,共20分)得分1. 在计算机系统层次结构中,指令集体系结构(或ISA,或指令系统)处于硬件和软件交界面,硬件所有功能由它集中体现,软件通过它在硬件上执行。
2. 任何高级语言源程序或汇编语言源程序都必须翻译成机器代码才能在硬件上执行。
完成这种翻译转换任务的程序有汇编程序、解释程序(或解释器)和编译程序(或编译器)三类。
3. 响应时间和吞吐率(或带宽,或数据传输率)是衡量一个计算机系统好坏的两个基本性能。
不同应用场合,用户关心的性能不同。
例如,对于银行、证券等事务处理系统来说,事务处理用户主要关心的是响应时间。
4. 一个变量在计算机内部用0或1编码表示的数被称为机器数,变量真正的值被称为真值。
5. 假定某变量x存放在寄存器R1中为1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1011 1100 0000B,则变量x在屏幕上用16进制显示为0x FFFFFBC0 。
若x的类型为int,则x的值为 -1088;对R1进行算术左移4位后的值在屏幕上显示为0x FFFFBC00 ;对R1算术右移4位后为0x FFFFFFBC ;对R1逻辑右移4位后为0x 0FFFFFBC 。
6. 与硬连线路控制器相比,微程序控制器的缺点是速度慢。
7. 假定某计算机采用小端方式,按字节编址。
若某变量x的主存地址为00001000H,其数据类型为float,已知x=-1.5,则主存地址00001000H和00001003H中存放的内容分别是00 H和BF H。
8. 可以用一个特殊的Cache来记录最近使用页的页表项,因为页表项主要用于地址转换,所以把这种特殊的Cache称为转换后援缓冲器,简称TLB (或快表)。
计算机组成原理与系统结构试卷

《计算机组成与系统结构》课程考试试卷( A 卷) 本试卷适用专业 :计科、网络、物联、软工 年级 : 考试时间:110分钟 考试方式: 闭卷 一、 单项选择题(每小题1分,共10分) 1.用于直接给出内存地址寻找内存中操作数的寻址方式称为______寻址。
A. 直接 B. 间接 C. 寄存器直接 D. 寄存器间接 2.______可区分存储单元中存放的是指令还是数据。
A .用户 B .运算器 C .存储器 D .控制器 3.系统总线中地址线的功用是 。
A. 用于指定主存单元和I/O 设备接口电路的地址 B. 用于传送主存物理地址和逻辑地址 C. 用于选择进行信息传输的设备 D. 用于选择主存单元 4.某计算机字长是16位,它的存储容量是512KB ,按字编址,它的寻址范围是______。
A .128K ;B .256K ;C .256KB ;D .128KB 。
5.在小数定点机中,下述第______种说法是正确的。
A .原码和反码不能表示 -1,补码可以表示 -1 B .三种机器数均可表示 -1 C .三种机器数均可表示 -1,且三种机器数的表示范围相同 D .三种机器数均不可表示 -1 6.相对寻址方式中,操作数的有效地址是______。
A .基址寄存器内容加上形式地址(位移量) B .程序计数器内容加上形式地址 C .变址寄存器内容加上形式地址 D .以上都不对 7.一个节拍信号的宽度是指______。
A .存储周期 B .时钟周期 C .机器周期 D .指令周期 8.将微程序存储在EPROM 中的控制器是______控制器。
A .硬布线 B .毫微程序 C .静态微程序 D .动态微程序 9.地址总线的宽度由总线的 定义。
A. 功能特性B. 电气特性C. 物理特性D. 时间特性10.三种集中式总线控制中,______方式对电路故障最敏感。
A .以下都不对B .计数器定时查询C .独立请求D .链式查询二 填空题(每小题3分,共15分)1.存储器和CPU 连接时,要完成______的连接、______的连接和______的连接,方能正常工作。
计算机组织与结构 Computer Organization and ArchitecturePPT精品文档25页

The control unit is that part of the processor that activates the various components of the processor. This part looks at the functioning of the control unit and its implementation using microprogramming.
docin/sundae_meng
Architecture & Organization 2
All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture This gives code compatibility
Organization attributes: those hardware details transparent to the programmer ( control signals, interfaces, memory technology). e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?
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Computer organization is how featuቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱes are implemented, in other words, computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.
计算机系统结构复习题(附答案) (1)

计算机系统结构复习题和重点(附答案)一、单项选择题1.实现汇编语言源程序变换成机器语言目标程序是由()A.编译程序解释B.编译程序翻译C.汇编程序解释D.汇编程序翻译2.系列机软件必须保证()A.向前兼容,并向上兼容B.向前兼容,并向下兼容C.向后兼容,力争向上兼容D.向后兼容,力争向下兼容3.浮点数尾数基值r m=8,尾数数值部分长6位,可表示规格化正尾数的个数是()A.56个B.63个C.64个D.84个4.在IBM370系统中,支持操作系统实现多进程共用公用区管理最有效的指令是()A.“执行”指令B.“程序调用”指令C.“比较与交换”指令D.“测试与置定”指令5.关于非专用总线三种控制方式中,下列叙述错误..的是()A.集中式定时查询,所有部件共用同一条“总线忙”线B.集中式定时查询,所有部件都用同一条“总线请求”线C.集中式独立请求,所有部件都用同一条“总线请求”线D.集中式串行链接,所有部件都用同一条“总线请求”线6.磁盘外部设备适合于连接到()A.字节多路通道B.数组多路通道或选择通道C.选择通道或字节多路通道D.数组多路通道或字节多路通道7.在Cache存储器中常用的地址映象方式是()A.全相联映象B.页表法映象C.组相联映象D.段页表映象8.在指令级高度并行的超级处理机中,下列叙述正确的是()A.超标量处理机利用资源重复,要求高速时钟机制B.超流水线处理机利用资源重复,要求高速时钟机制C.超标量处理着重开发时间并行性,要求高速时钟机制D.超流水线处理机着重开发时间并行性,要求高速时钟机制9.间接二进制n方体网络是一种()A.多级立方体网络B.多级全排列网络C.单级立方体网络D.多级混洗交换网络10.多端口存储器适合于连接A.紧耦合多处理机B.松耦合多处理机C.机数很多的处理机D.机数可变的多处理机二、填空题11.多处理机实现的是___________、___________间的并行。
大学计算机组织与结构习题

前二章作业1.计算机的四个基本功能(Functions)是什么?2.在计算机的top-level structure view中,四个structural components 是什么?3.谁提出了store-program concept ?你能用汉语简单地描述这个存储程序的概念吗?4.CPU的英文全称是什么?汉语意义是什么?5.ALU的英文全称是什么?汉语意义是什么?6.V on Neumann 的IAS机的五大部件都是什么?7.在第一章中我们认识到的四个结构性部件(第2题)与V on Neumann的IAS机(第6题)中部件有本质差别吗?8.Fundamental Computer Elements 有哪几个?它们与计算机的四个基本功能的关系是什么?9.Moore’s Law在中文翻译为什么?它描述了什么事物的一般规律?10.本书的次标题和第二章第二节标题均为“Designing for Performance”,Performance 主要指什么?Performance Balance的(balance)平衡要平衡什么?11.本书作者将他要研究的范围局限在“desktop, workstation , server“中,它们的中文名称是什么?各自的工作范围是什么?Chapter 3Homework1.PC means _________.A. personal computerB. programming controllerC. program counterD. portable computer2. PC holds _______________ .A. address of next instructionB. next instructionC. address of operandD. operand3. At the end of fetch cycle, MAR holds _____.A. address of instructionB. instructionC. address of operandD. operand4. Interrupt process steps are __________.A. suspending , resuming , branching & processingB. branching , suspending , processing & resumingC. suspending , branching , processing & resumingD. processing , branching , resuming & suspending5. A unsigned binary number is n bits, so it is can represent a value in the range between _________ .A. 0 to n-1B. 1 to nC. 0 to 2n-1D. 1 to 2n6.The length of the address code is 32 bits, so addressing range (or the range of address) is________________.A. 4GB.from –2G to 2GC.4G-1D. from 1 to 4G7.There are three kinds of BUSes. Which is not belong to them?A. address busB. system busC. data busD. control busQuestions1.Translate the following terms (Note: function)PC, MAR, MBR, IR, AC, bus, system bus, data bus , address bus , control bus , handler*, opcode, Bus arbitrate* , multiplexed bus* , interrupt, ISR, Instruction cycle , fetch cycle , execute cycle (带“*”为选做题)2.Page90 problems3.1What general categories of functions are specified by computer instruction?3. Describe simply the operations of PC and IR in an instruction cycle.4.Suppose the length of word is n-bit, describe simply operand(操作数) format and instruction format.5. Describe simply the procedure of the interruption6. Describe simply the types and functions of the BUS.一:选择题1.The computer memory system refers to _________A.RAMB.ROMC.Main memoryD.Register , main memory, cache, external memory2.If the word of memory is 16 bits, which the following answer is right ?A.The address width is 16 bitsB.The address width is related with 16 bitsC.The address width is not related with 16 bitsD.The address width is not less than 16 bits3.The characteristics of internal memory compared to external memoryA.Big capacity, high speed, low costB.Big capacity, low speed, high costC.small capacity, high speed, high costD.small capacity, high speed, low cost4.On address mapping of cache, any block of main memory can be mapped toany line of cache, it is ___________ .A) Associative Mapping B) Direct MappingC) Set Associative Mapping D) Random Mapping5. Cache’s write-through polity means write operation to main memory _______.A)as well as to cacheB)only when the cache is replacedC)when the difference between cache and main memory is foundD)only when direct mapping is used6.Cache’s writ e-back polity means write operation to main memory ______________.a)as well as to cacheb)only when the relative cache is replacedc)when the difference between cache and main memory is foundd)only when using direct mapping7. On address mapping of cache, the data in any block of main memory can be mapped to fixed line of cache, it is _________________.associative mapping B) direct mappingC)set associative mapping D) random mapping8.On address mapping of cache, the data in any block of main memory can be mapped to fixed set any line(way) of cache, it is _________________.associative mapping B) direct mappingD)set associative mapping D) random mapping二:计算题(from page 126)Problem 4.1 , Problem 4.3 , Problem 4.4 , Problem 4.5 , , Problem 4.7, Problem 4.10第五章作业1.which type of memory is volatile?A.ROMB. E2PROMC. RAMD. flash memory2.which type of memory has 6-transistor structure?A. DRAMB. SRAMC. ROMD. EPROMing hamming code, its purpose is of one-bit error.A. detecting and correctingB. detectingC. correctingD. none of all4.Flash memory is .A. read-only memoryB. read-mostly memoryC. read-write memoryD. volatile5.Which answer about internal memory is not true?A. RAM can be accessed at any time, but data would be lost when power down..B. When accessing RAM, access time is non-relation with storage location.C. In internal memory, data can’t be modified.D. Each addressable location has a unique address.Page161 Problems: 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8第六章作业一、选择题1. RAID levels_________make use of an independent access technique.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. all2. In RAID 4, to calculate the new parity, involves _________reads.A. oneB. twoC. threeD.four3. During a read/write operation, the head is ___________A. movingB. stationaryC. rotatingD. above all4. On a movable head system, the time it takes to position the head at the track is know as______.A. seek timeB. rotational delayC. access timeD. transfer time5. RAID makes use of stored______information that enable the recovery of data lost due to a disk failure.A. parityB. user dataC. OSD. anyone6. Recording and retrieval via _________called a headA. conductive coilB. aluminiumC. glassD. Magnetic field7.In Winchester disk track format, _________is a unique identifier or address used to locate a particular sector.A. SYNCHB. GapC. ID fieldD. Data field8. Data are transferred to and from the disk in ________.A. trackB. sectorC. gapD. cylinder9. In _________, each logical strip is mapped to two separate physical disk.A. RAID 1B. RAID 2C. RAID 3D. RAID 410. With _________, the bits of an error correcting code are stored in the corresponding bit position on multiple parity disk.A. RAID 1B. RAID 2C. RAID 3D. RAID 411. The write-once read-many CD, known as ________.A. CD-ROMB. CD-RC. CD-R/WD. DVD二、How are data written onto a magnetic disk?三、In the context of RAID, what is the distinction between parallel access and independent access? Homework in Chapter 71.“When the CPU issues a command to the I/O module, it must wait until the I/O operation iscomplete”. It is programmed I/O , the word “wait” means ___________________.a. the CPU stops and does nothingb. the CPU does something elsec. the CPU periodically reads & checks the status of I/O moduled. the CPU wait the Interrupt Request Signal2.See Figure 7.7. To save (PSW & PC) and remainder onto stack, why the operations of restore them isreversed? Because the operations of stack are ________________.a. first in first outb. randomc. last in first outd. sequenceding stack to save PC and remainder, the reason is ____________________ .a.some information needed for resuming the current program at the point of interruptb.when interrupt occurs, the instruction is not executed over, so the instruction at the point ofinterrupt must be executed once againc.the stack must get some information for LIFOd.the start address of ISR must transfer by stack4.The signals of interrupt request and acknowledgement exchange between CPU and requesting I/Omodule. The reason of CPU’s acknowledgement is ________________a.to let the I/O module remove request signalb. to let CPU get the vector from data busc.both a & bd. other aims5.In DMA , the DMA module takes over the operations of data transferring from CPU, it means_________________________a.the DMA module can fetch and execute instructions like CPU doesb.the DMA module can control the bus to transfer data to or from memory using stealing cycletechniquec.the DMA module and CPU work together(co-operate) to transfer data into or from memoryd.when DMA module get ready, it issues interrupt request signal to CPU for getting interruptservice6.Transfer data with I/O modules, 3 types of techniques can be used. Which one is not belong them?a. Interrupt-driven I/Ob. programmed I/Oc. direct I/O accessd. DMA7.Think 2 types of different data transferring, to input a word from keyboard and to output a data blockof some sectors to harddisk. The best choice is to use ___________.a. interrupt-driven I/O and DMAb. DMA and programmed I/O C. both interrupt-driven I/Os d. both DMAsparing with interrupt-driven I/O, DMA further raises the usage rate of CPU operations, because__________a. it isn’t necessary for CPU to save & restore sceneb. it isn’t necessary for CPU to intervene the dada transferc. it isn’t necessary for CPU to read & check status repeatedlyd. both a and b9.Simply script the all actions when using Interrupt-driven I/O technique to transferring data with I/Omodule.(please insert the “vector “at step3 & step5)10.See Figure 7.7 & 7.8. Redraw figure 7.8, and mark the sequence number according to Figure 7.7, toindicate the sequence of the information flowing.11. According to DMA technique, write all information of CPU sending to DMA module, and write at which time the DMA module issues interrupt request signal to CPU and why the INTR is issued ?. Chapter9 homework1.Suppose bit long of two’s complement is 5 bits, which arithmetic operation brings OVERFLOW?A. 5+8B. (-8)+(-8)C. 4-(-12)D.15-72.Overflow occurs sometime in ______arithmetic operation.A. addB. subtractC. add and subtractD. multiply3. In twos complement, two positive integers are added, when does overflow occurs?A. There is a carryB. Sign bit is 1C. There is a carry, and sign bit is 0D. Can’t determine4. An 8-bit twos complement 1001 0011 is changed to a 16-bit that equal to____.A.1000 0000 1001 0011B. 0000 0000 1001 0011C.1111 1111 1001 0011D.1111 1111 0110 1101 115. An 8-bit twos complement 0001 0011 is changed to a 16-bit that equal to____.A. 1000 0000 1001 0011B. 0000 0000 0001 0011C. 1111 1111 0001 0011D. 1111 1111 1110 11016.Booth’s algorithm is us ed for Twos complement ______.A. additionB. subtractionC. multiplicationD. division7. In floating-point arithmetic, addition can divide to 4 steps: ______.A. load first operand, add second operand, check overflow and store resultB. compare exponent, shift significand, add significands and normalizeC. fetch instruction, indirectly address operand, execute instruction and interruptD. process scheduling states: create, get ready, is running and is blocked8. In floating-point arithmetic, multiplication can divide to 4 steps: ______.A. load first operand, add second operand, check overflow and store resultB. fetch instruction, indirectly address operand, execute instruction and interruptC. process scheduling states: create, get ready, is running and is blockedD. check for zero, add exponents, multiply significands, normalize, and round.9.The main functions of ALU are?A. LogicB. ArithmeticC. Logic and arithmeticD. Only addition10. Which is true?A. Subtraction can not be finished by adder and complement circuits in ALUB. Carry and overflow are not sameC.In twos complement, the negation of an integer can be formed with the following rules: bitwise not(excluding the sign bit), and add 1.D. In twos complement, addition is normal binary addition, but monitor sign bit for overflowPage326:9.4, 9.5 and 9.7(其中9.4选作)To prove: in twos complement, sign-extension rule (converting between different bit length) and negation rule ( (-X)补= X补+ 1).Chapter 10 and Chapter 111: In instruction, the number of addresses is 0, the operand(s)’address is implied, which is(are) in_______.A. accumulatorB. program counterC. top of stackD. any register2: Which the following addressing mode can achieve the target of branch in program?A.Direct addressing modeB.Register addressing modeC.Base-register addressing modeD.Relative addressing mode (有问题)3: In index-register addressing mode , the address of operand is equal toA.The content of base-register plus displacementB.The content of index-register plus displacementC.The content of program counter plus displacementD.The content of AC plus displacement4: The address of operand is in the instruction, it is_________ ?A.Direct addressing modeB.Register indirect addressing modeC.Stack addressing modeD.Displacement addressing mode5: Which the following is not the area that the source and result operands can be stored in ?A.Main or virtual memoryB.CPU registerC.I/O deviceD.Instruction6: Compared with indirect addressing mode , the advantage of register indirect addressing mode isrge address spaceB.Multiple memory referenceC.Limit address spaceD.Less memory access7:With base-register ADDRESSING , the ______________ register can be used.A. BASEB. INDEXC. PCD. ANY8:The disadvantage of INDIRECT ADDRESSING is ____________.A. large addressing rangeB. no memory accessC. more memory accessD. large value range9:Which is not an advantage with REGISTER INDIRECT?A. just one times of operand’s accessB. large memory spaceC. large value rangeD. no memory reference10:The REGISTER ADDRESSING is very fast, but it has _________________.A. very less value rangeB. very less address spaceC. more memory accessD. very complex address’ calculating11:The disadvantage of IMMEDIATE ADDRESSING is ___________.A. limited address rangeB. more memory accessC. limit value rangeD. less memory access12:In instruction, the number of addresses is 2, one address does double duty both _______________.A. a result and the address of next instructionB.an operand and a resultC.an operand and the address of next instructionD.two closed operands13.In instruction, the number of addresses is 3, which are _______________.A. two operands and one resultB. two operands and an address of next instructionC. one operand, one result and an address of next instructionD. two operands and an address of next instruction14.The address is known as a type of data, because it is represented by __________.A. a number of floating pointB. a signed integerC. an unsigned integerD. a number of hexadecimal15.Which is not a feature of Pentium .A. complex and flex addressingB. abundant instruction setC. simple format and fixed instruction lengthD. strong support to high language16. Which is not a feature of Power PC .A. less and simple addressing modeB. basic and simple instruction setC. variable instruction length and complex formatD. strong support to high languageChapter 12 and Chapter 181. After the information flow of fetch subcycle, the content of MBR is_____________.A.oprandB.address of instructionC. instructionD. address of operand2. After the information flow of instruction subcycle, the content of MBR is_____________.A.oprandB.address of instructionC. instructionD. address of operand3. The worse factor that limits the performance of instruction pipeline is _________________.A.conditional branch delaying the operation of target addressB. the stage number of pipeline can’t exceed 6C. two’s complement arithmetic t oo complexD. general purpose registers too few4.The most factor to affect instruction pipeline effectiveness is __________.A. The number of stagesB. the number of instructionC. the conditional branch instructionD. the number of pipelines5. RISC rejects ______.A. few, simple addressing modesB. a limited and simple instruction setC. few, simple instruction formatsD. a few number of general purpose registers6. RISC rejects ______.A.a large number of general-purpose registersB. indirect addressingC. a single instruction sizeD. a small number of addressing mode7. Which is NOT a characteristic of RISC processor.A. a highly optimized pipeline.B. Register to register operationsC. a large number of general-purpose registersD. a complexed instruction format8.Control unit use some input signals to produce control signals that open the gates of informationpaths and let the micro-operations implement. Which is NOT the input signals of control unit/A.clock and flagsB.instruction registerC.interrupt request signalD.memory read or write9.Control unit use some output signals to cause some operations. Which is not included in the outputsignals?A.signals that cause data movementB.signals that activ ate specific functions(e.g. add/sub/…)C.flagsD.read or write or acknowledgement 10. Symmetric Multi-Processor (SMP) system is tightly coupled by _______.A. high-speed data-link and distributed memoryB. shared RAIDs and high-speed data-linkC. distributed caches and shared memoryD. interconnect network and distributed memory11. The SMP means __________.A.Sharing Memory ProcessesB.Split Memory to PartsD.Stack and Memory Pointer D.Symmetric Multi-Processo r12.The “MESI” means states of ____________ .A.Modified, Exclusive, Stored and InclusiveB.Modified, Expected, Shared and InterruptedC.Modified, Exclusive, Shared and InvalidD.Moved, Exchanged, Shared and Invalid13.The protocol “MESI” is also called __________.A. write back policyB. write-update protocolC. write-invalidate protocolD. write through policyChapter 121.Which register is user –visible but is not directly operated in 8086 ?A. DSB. SPC. IPD. BP2.The indirect sub-cycle is occurred _____________ ?A. before fetch sub-cycleB. after execute sub-cycleC. after interrupt sub-cycleD. after fetch sub-cycle and before execute sub-cycle3.Within indirect sub-cycle , the thing the CPU must do is ______________?A. fetch operand or store resultB. fetch operand’s address from memoryC. fetch next instruction from memoryD. nothing4.In general, which register is used for relative addressing ---- the content in this register plus theA supplied by instruction to make a target address in branch or loop instructions.A. SPB. IRC. BRD. PC5.The Memory Address Register connects to ____________ BUS .A. systemB. addressC. dataD. control6.The Memory Buffer Register links to ________ BUS.A. systemB. addressC. dataD. control7.After Indirect cycle , there is a ______________ cycle .A. FetchB. IndirectC. ExecuteD. Interrupt8.The Interrupt cycle is __________ ______ Execute cycle .A. always afterB. never afterC. sometime afterD. maybe before9.The correct cycle sequence is _________________ .A. Fetch , Indirect , Execute and InterruptB. Fetch , Execute , Indirect and InterruptC. Fetch , Indirect , Interrupt and ExecuteD. Indirect , Fetch , Execute and Interrup10.The aim of the indirect cycle is to get __________________.A. an operandB. an instructionC. an address of an instructionD. an address of an operand11.Which is not in the ALU ?A. shifterB. adderC. complementerD. accumulator12.The registers in the CPU is divided _____registers and ________registers .A. general purpose , user-visibleB. user-visible , control and statusC. data , addressD. general purpose , control and status13.The Base register is a(n) __________ register in 8086.A. general purposeB. dataC. addressD. control14.The Instruction Pointer is a(n) __________ register in 8086.A. general purposeB. dataC. addressD. control15.The Index register is a(n) __________ register in 8086.A. general purposeB. dataC. addressD. control16.The Stack Pointer is a(n) __________ register in 8086.A. general purposeB. dataC. addressD. control17.The Accumulator is a(n) __________ register in 8086.A. general purposeB. dataC. addressD. control18.The Programming Status Word is a(n) __________ register .A. general purposeB. dataC. addressD. controlShow all the micro-operations and control signals for the following instruction:1. ADD AX, X; —The contents of AC adds the contents of location X, result is stored to AC.2. MOV AX, [X];—Operand pointed by the content of location X is moved to AX, that means ((X))->AX—[ ] means indirect addressing.3. ADD AX, [BX];—Operand pointed by the content of Register BX is added to AX, that means (AX)+((BX))->AX —[ ] means register indirect addressing.4. JZ NEXT1; —If (ZF)=0,then jump to (PC)+ NEXT1.5. CALL X; —Call x function, save return address on the top of stack.6. RETURN; —From top of stack return to PC.。
计算机系统结构自考真题及答案解析(一)

计算机系统结构自考真题及答案解析(一)总分:140分题量:55题一、单选题(共39题,共78分)1.IBM370系统将中断的类型分为()A.3类B.4类C.5类D.6类正确答案:D本题解析:暂无解析2.下列属于总线标准的是()A.电气B.速率C.流量D.吞吐率正确答案:A本题解析:暂无解析3.为了解决主存的容量满足不了要求,采用的技术是()A.寄存器B.虚拟存储器C.高速缓存D.控制存储器正确答案:B本题解析:暂无解析4.标量流水处理机的性能指标主要有()A.吞吐率、加速比、时间延迟B.吞吐率、效率、时间延迟C.吞吐率、加速比、效率D.加速比、效率、时间延迟正确答案:C本题解析:暂无解析5.多处理机属于()A.SISD系统B.SIMD系统C.MISD系统D.MIMD系统正确答案:D本题解析:暂无解析6.在计算机系统多级层次结构中,机器级从低级到高级,相对顺序正确的是()。
A.汇编语言——操作系统——高级语言B.微程序一传统机器语言一汇编语言C.传统机器语言——高级语言——汇编语言D.汇编语言——应用语言——高级语言正确答案:B本题解析:暂无解析7.下列对系统程序员不透明的是()。
A.Cache存储器B.数据通路宽度C.指令缓冲寄存器D.虚拟存储器正确答案:D本题解析:暂无解析8.下列予寻址方式的三种面向的是()。
A.面向主存B.面向辅存C.面向寄存器D.面向堆栈正确答案:B本题解析:暂无解析9.浮点数尾数的基值rm=-8,尾数的计算机位数m=8位,可表示的尾数的个数为()。
A.23×7B.24×7C.25×7D.26×7正确答案:C本题解析:暂无解析10.IBM370系统中,通道动作故障引起的中断属于()。
A.机器校验中断B.访管中断C.程序性中断D.I/O中断正确答案:A本题解析:暂无解析11.程序员编写程序时使用的地址是()。
A.主存地址B.逻辑地址C.物理地址D.有效地址正确答案:B本题解析:暂无解析12.对指令间“一次重叠”描述不正确的是()。
计算机科学技术:计算机体系结构真题

计算机科学技术:计算机体系结构真题1、问答题简述自上而下的设计方法?答案:从用户的需求出发,先确定应用级虚拟机所具有的基本功能特性,然后逐级向下设计。
对于以下的每一级,都必须考虑使上一级优化实现。
2、填空题根据指令系统功能结构的不同,计算机体系结构发展趋势呈现()和()两种截然不同的方向,相同的指令系统可以通过“()”或“()”的方法来实现。
答案:复杂指令集计算技术;精简指令集计算技术;微程序控制器;硬布线3、问答题多机系统的耦合度可以分为哪几类?答案:(1)最低耦合:除通过某种中间存储介质之外,各计算机之间没有物理连接,也无共享的联机硬件资源。
(2)松散耦合:通过通道或通信线路实现计算机间互连,共享某些外围设备,机间的相互作用是在文件或数据集一级进行。
(3)紧密耦合:机间物理连接的频带较高,往往通过总线或高速开关实现互连,可以共享主存。
4、问答题在分布式存储器结构的机器中,对应于两种地址空间的组织方案,分别有哪两种通信机制?它们是怎么实现的?答案:(1)共享地址空间的机器:可利用1oad和StOre指令中的地址隐含地进行数据通信,因而可称为共享存储器机器。
(2)多个地址空间的机器:根据简单的网络协议,通过传递消息来请求某些服务或传输数据,从而完成通信。
因而这种机器常称为消息传递机器。
5、问答题请叙述设计一个I/O子系统的步骤。
答案:A、列出将要链接到计算机的I/O设备的类型,或者列出机器将要支持的标准总线。
B、列出每种I/O设备的物理要求,包括:容量、电源、连接器、总线槽、扩展机箱等等。
C、列出每种I/O设备的开销,包括设备所需要的控制器的开销。
D、记录每种I/O设备对CPU资源的要求。
E、列出每种I/O设备对存储器和总线资源的要求。
F、按照不同的方法组织I/O设备,并计算其性能和开销。
6、填空题对于采用预取技术来降低失效率的方法,目的是要使O,预取优化的主要对象是()。
答案:执行指令和读取数据能重叠执行;循环7、问答题什么是“程序的动态定位方式”?答案:利用类似变址寻址方法,有硬件支持完成。
南京大学计算机组成原理2019冬试题A答案 (1)

考试科目名称计算机组织与系统结构(A卷)2010——2011学年第1学期教师袁春风/杨若瑜考试方式:闭卷系(专业)计算机科学与技术年级2009班级学号姓名成绩题号一二三四五分数得分一、选择题(每小题2分,共36分)1.-1022的32位补码用十六进制表示为( D )。
A. 0000 03FEHB. 0000 FC02HC. FFFF 03FEHD. FFFF FC02H2.假定变量f的数据类型为float,f=-4.093e3,则变量f的机器数表示为( B )。
A. 457FD000HB. C57F D000HC. C5FF D000HD. C67FE800H3.某8位计算机中,假定带符号整数变量x和y的机器数用补码表示,[x]补=F5H,[y]补=7EH,则x–y的值及其相应的溢出标志OF分别是( D )。
A. 115、0B. 119、0C. 115、1D. 119、14.考虑以下C语言代码:short si= –8196;int i=si;执行上述程序段后,i的机器数表示为(D)。
A. 0000 9FFCHB. 0000DFFCHC.FFFF 9FFCHD. FFFF DFFCH5.以下几种存储结构中,采用相联存取方式访问信息的是( C )。
A.堆栈B.直接映射cacheC.分支历史记录表D.主存页表6.假定用若干个16K×8位的存储器芯片组成一个64K×8位的存储器,按字节编址,芯片内各单元交叉编址,则地址BFFFH所在的芯片的最小地址为(D)。
A. 0000HB. 0001HC. 0002HD. 0003H7.假定主存地址位数为32位,按字节编址,主存和cache之间采用全相联映射方式,主存块大小为一个字,每字32位,采用回写(Write Back)方式和随机替换策略,则能存放32K字数据的cache的总容量至少应有多少位?( D)A. 1536KB. 1568KC. 2016KD. 2048K8.某计算机按字节编址,采用小端方式存储信息。
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考试科目名称 计算机组织与系统结构 (A-1卷)2007——2008学年第 2 学期 教师 袁春风/窦万春考试方式:闭卷系(专业) 计算机科学与技术年级 2006班级学号 姓名 成绩题号一二三四五六分数一、填空题(本大题共15小题,每空1分,共20分)得分1. 二进制指令代码的符号化表示被称为汇编语言源程序。
必须通过相应的翻译程序把它转换为机器语言程序才能被计算机执行。
2. 通常用一个寄存器来存放当前执行指令的地址,MIPS结构中将该寄存器简写为PC。
由于历史的原因,PC寄存器通常被称为程序计数器(或Program Counter)。
3. 在MIPS中,分支指令的转移目标地址是由分支指令的下条指令地址加上一个位移量决定的。
通常把这种方式称为(PC)相对寻址方式。
4. 假定寄存器$s1中存放二进制信息为0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1101 1000,则在屏幕上用16进制显示为0x 0000 00D8。
若该信息是一个无符号整数,则表示的值为216。
5. 过程调用时,涉及到调用过程和被调用过程之间的数据交换和程序切换,所以要有相应的存储空间来存放调用参数、返回数据和返回地址等信息。
这种用于过程调用的存储空间被称为堆栈Stack (或栈帧Stack Frame)。
6. 衡量CPU性能好坏的一个重要指标是CPU执行时间。
它与程序包含的指令条数和每条指令的平均时钟数以及时钟周期有关。
通常用英文缩写CPI 来表示每条指令的平均时钟数。
有时也用基准程序来测试处理器的性能,“基准程序”对应的英文单词是Benchmark。
7. 进行基本加/减等算术运算和与/或/非等逻辑运算的部件被称为算术逻辑部件。
用英文缩写表示为ALU。
8. 由于Cache数据是主存数据的副本,所以Cache和主存之间存在一致性问题,可以采用两种不同的写策略来解决。
这两种写策略是Write Back(或写回法/一次性写)和Write Through(或写通过法)。
9. 在流水线中,如果多条指令同时需要用到同一个功能部件,就发生了流水线冒险,会引起流水线的阻塞。
通常把这种流水线冒险称为结构(或资源冲突)冒险。
10. 可以用一个特殊的Cache来记录最近使用页的页表项,因为页表项主要用于地址转换,所以把这种特殊的Cache称为转换后援缓冲器,简称快表(或TLB) 。
11. I/O带宽(或 I/O Bandwidth)是指单位时间内入/出系统的数据量或所完成的I/O操作次数,也称为吞吐率(Throughput)。
12. 为了保证在中断断点和中断现场等保护过程中不被打断,必须使处理器处于关中断(或禁止中断)状态,通常通过设置中断允许位来实现,若该位为0,则所有中断都不被响应。
13. DMA传送过程大致可分为三个阶段:DMA初始化、数据传送和DMA结束后处理。
14. 计算机存储器系统采用分层结构,最低层由光盘库和磁带库之类的大容量存储器构成,被称为海量(或后备、后援、备份)存储器,主要用于存储大量存档的文件信息。
15. 现代计算机的主存大多采用字节(Byte)编址方式。
所以,假定一个分页虚拟存储器系统的虚拟地址位数为32位,则逻辑地址空间大小应为 4GB。
若页面大小为512KB,则一个程序最多可以有213(或8192 或 8K)个页面。
得分二、选择题(本大题共30小题,计30分)1. 以下哪种程序属于应用软件?( D )A. Java解释程序B. C语言编译程序XP D.金山词霸C.Windows2. 下面有关指令集体系结构的说法中,错误的是( C )。
A. 指令集体系结构位于计算机软件和硬件的交界面上B. 指令集体系结构是指低级语言程序员所看到的概念结构和功能特性C. 程序员可见寄存器的长度、功能与编号不属于指令集体系结构的内容D. 指令集体系结构的英文缩写是ISA3. 假设A是一个含有100个字的数组,编译器把变量f分配给MIPS寄存器$s1,数组A的首地址存放在$s3中。
则C语句f = A[10]编译后生成的MIPS汇编代码为( D )。
A. l b $s1, 10($s3)B. lb $s1, 40($s3)C. lw $s1, 10($s3)D. lw $s1, 40($s3)4. 程序控制类指令可改变程序执行顺序。
以下( C )不属于程序控制类指令。
A. 调用指令B. 分支指令C. 访存指令D. 无条件转移指令5. 寄存器中的值有时是数据,有时是指针(即:内存地址),它们在形式上没有差别,只有通过( C )才能识别它是数据还是地址。
A. 寄存器的编号B. 判断程序C. 指令的操作码D. 时序信号6. 16位字长的定点数,采用补码形式表示,其一个字所能表示的整数范围是( A )。
A. -215 ~ +(215 -1)B. -(215 –1)~ +(215 –1)C. -(215 +1)~ +215D. -215 ~ +2157. 假定某数采用IEEE754单精度浮点数格式表示为45100000H,则该数的值是( B )。
(+1.125)10×211A. (+1.125)10×210B.(+0.125)10×210C. (+0.125)10×211D.8. 若某个基准测试程序在机器A上运行时需要200ms,而在机器B上的运行时间是0.16s,则如下给出的结论中哪个是正确的?( B )A. 所有程序在机器A上都比在机器B上运行速度慢B. 机器B的速度大约是机器A的1.25倍C. 机器A的速度大约是机器B的1.25倍D. 机器A比机器B大约慢1.25倍9. 以下有关计算机运算速度衡量指标的描述中,错误的是( B )。
A. 计算机的主频与CPU速度有关B. MIPS数大的机器一定比MIPS小的机器快C. IPC是指每个时钟周期内平均执行的指令条数D. 一个用户程序执行过程中可能会插入运行其他程序,所以通常观测到的用户程序执行时间不是其真正的CPU执行时间10. 假定某程序在计算机A上运行需要10秒钟,计算机A的时钟频率为1GHz。
现在硬件设计人员想设计计算机B,希望该程序在B上的运行时间缩短为8秒钟,而使用新技术可以使时钟频率大幅度提高,但在B上运行该程序所需的时钟周期数为A上的1.5倍。
那么,机器B的时钟频率至少应为多少,才能达到希望的要求?( C )1.2GHz C. 1.25GHz D. 1.875GHzA.533MHz B.11. 下面有关CPU时钟的叙述中,错误的是( B )。
A. 边沿触发定时是指状态单元总是在时钟的上升沿或下降沿进行状态的改变B. 处理器总是每来一个时钟就开始执行一条新的指令C. 时钟周期以相邻状态单元之间最长组合逻辑延迟为基准设计D. 主频是指CPU时钟周期的倒数12. 假定采用单周期数据通路处理器有以下几类MIPS指令:R型运算指令、I型运算指令、分支指令Beq、J型跳转指令。
若数据通路中多路复用器、控制单元、PC、扩展单元和传输线路都不考虑延迟,其它各主要功能单元的操作时间如下:指令存储器和数据存储器:3ns;ALU和加法器:2ns;寄存器堆:1ns。
则该CPU时钟周期为( A )。
9ns D.6nsC.A.7nsB.10ns13. 程序控制类指令可改变程序执行顺序。
以下是有关分支冒险和分支预测的叙述:① 程序控制类指令可能由于控制(分支)冒险而产生阻塞② 采用简单(静态)预测时,每次的预测结果总是一样③ 根据分支指令历史记录进行动态预测能达90%的预测成功率④ 预测错误时必须把已取到流水线中的错取指令从流水线中排出以上叙述中,正确的有( D )。
A. 仅①和②和④B. 仅①和②和③C. 仅①和③和④D. 全部14. 下面是一段指令序列:lui $t1, 2015($t2)lw $t3,$t2$t1,addu $t1,以上指令序列中,第三条指令发生数据相关。
假定采用“取指、译码/取数、执行、访存、写回”这种五段流水线方式。
假定不采用“转发”,那么,为了使这段程序的执行不被阻塞,需要在第三条指令前加入几条nop指令?( B )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 415. 对于与上题(14题)同样的情况,假定采用“转发”,那么,为了使这段程序的执行不被阻塞,需要在第三条指令前加入几条nop指令?( A )A. 0B. 1C. 2D. 316. 以下各类存储器中,哪种是易失性存储器?( B )A. FlashB. CacheC. RAIDD. CD-ROM17. 假定主存地址位数为32位,按字节编址,主存和Cache之间采用直接映射方式,每个主存块的大小为4个字,每字32位,Cache的数据区大小为512KB,则标志应该有几位?( B )A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 1518. 假定Cache采用2-way组相联映射方式,共有16个槽(第0槽到第15槽),每个主存块为32字节,主存按字节编址。
请问主存第1022号单元所在的主存块可以放到以下哪个槽中?( D )A. 1B. 6C.9D. 1519. 假定有一个计算机系统,其DRAM存储器的访问时间为:发送地址1个时钟,每次访问的初始化需要16个时钟,每发送1个数据字需要1个时钟。
若主存块为4个字,DRAM的存取宽度为1个字。
问该系统中Cache的一次失靶损失至少为多少时钟?( D )A. 18B. 21C. 34D. 6920. 以下( A )情况出现时,CPU会自动查询有无中断请求,进而可能进入中断响应周期。
A. 一条指令执行结束B. 一次 I/O 操作结束C. 机器内部发生故障D. 一次DMA 操作结束三、判断下列叙述是否正确。
(20分)得分1. 随着流水段个数的增加,流水段之间缓冲开销的比例增大。
(√)2. 每个流水段之间的流水段寄存器的位数一定相同。
(X)3. 利用旁路技术可以解决所有数据冒险。
(X)4. 超标量技术是指采用更多流水段个数的流水线技术。
(X)5. 动态流水线中一定有多个不同的指令执行单元。
(√)6. 在计算机中引入Cache后,CPU所能访问的地址空间变大了。
(X)7. 在引入了Cache的系统中,store指令的处理比load指令的处理更复杂。
(√)8. CPU在执行一条load/store指令过程中至少要访问主存一次。
(X)9. ROM和RAM共同组成主存,它们的访问方式一样,都是随机存取存储器。
(√)10. 不可能出现“Cache命中但缺页”和“TLB命中但缺页”的情况。
(√)11. “Cache缺失”和“页面缺失”都是由软件来处理的。
(X)12. RAID3采用小条区方式,因而适用于视频点播之类的吞吐量高的多媒体应用系统。