2017-2018届上海市十三校高三第二次(3月)联考英语试题及答案1

2017-2018年3月十三校联考高三英语试卷03听力（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ALatin study can help Chinese learn English In 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in Taiwan. At first it was just the mysterious Eastern culture 25.________ attracted me, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was amazed by Chinese philosophy.In 1994, I was recommended by a friend to study with renowned philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, 26.__________(focus) on theintroduction and the spread of Christianity in China.Learning ancient languages enables us 27. __________(communicate) with ancient wise men. When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up the dictionary word by word, I felt like I was talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy.Nowadays, Chinese are crazy about learning English, 28. ________ many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways, and if one wants to understand Western culture, one has to learn Latin. So I always wonder 29. __________ the Chinese are so content with superficial understanding instead of seeking the roots of the language.I used to have a dream of building a language school30. _____________(dedicate) to Western classical languages, 31. ___________ now still seems unrealistic, but I have opened up courses in Renmin University and Beijing Normal University, and on weekends I do public teaching at the Xishiku cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so my dream is being partially realized.Besides teaching, I use my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 32. ___________(publish) more than 30 titles so far. I see my students as my children, and want to give them my best.BModified food examinedStudies on genetic modification(GM) 33. ______________(mention) six times in the annual No. 1 Central Document. This year’s document is the first to propose 34. __________(spread) scientific knowledge related to the use of genetic modification.This is a worthy move in that the authorities appear to have decided to break 35. ____________ long silence about GM technology, says Qing Chuan in an article in Rednet. cn.For too long, opinions on genetically modified crops in China have been divided. Advocates of GM accuse opponents 36. ___________ fear mongering(兜售)， while opponents with either having been bought over by foreign seed companies, or ignoring threats to public health or national food security.The governmental authorities have been sponsoring studies for years but 37. ________ have not talked much about the unauthorized commercialization of research achievements exposed by some reports. Occasionally, government officials have complained about the public’s ignorance and “demonization”(妖魔化) of GM technologies. Yet few of them succeeded in reassuring a worried public with 38. _______________ (convincing) explanations.GM technologies, GM food in particular, have been unpopular thus far not because they’ve been proven unsafe, but mostly because authorities 39. ___________ not have been unnecessarily quiet, says Qing.The public deserves to know 40. _______________ is being done and why, and such knowledge will contribute to their understanding of the issue.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As many sit down to enjoy plentiful holiday meals this season, it’s also a good time to note the growing problem of food waste.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, it is 41._____________ that one-third of food produced for human consumption worldwide annually is lost or wasted.The economic and environmental implications of food loss and waste are 42. ____. More than a quarter of the world’s agricultural land is being worked to grow food that nobody eats.What’s the difference between food loss and food waste? Waste happens toward the back end of the food chain, at the retail and consumer level. Loss, on the other hand, mostly 43. _______ at the front of the food chain—during production, post-harvest, and 44. _____ —and it’s more common in the developing world, which tends to lack the base to deliver all of its food, in 45. ______ shape, to consumers.In developed nations, extreme-efficient farming practices, plenty of refrigeration, and first-rate transportation and storage 46. _______ that most of the food they grow makes it to the retail level. But things go rapidly south from there.Store managers 47. ______ over-order, for fear of running out of a particular product. The British supermarket chain Tesco, for example, 48. ______ throwing out nearly 50,000 tons of food within their UK stores during the latest financial year.Consumers are also to 49. ______. We often order too much food in restaurants without taking leftovers home. We overbuy when there is a discount for invitingly packaged food. When we store food, many of us take “use by” dates literally, and we suffer no 50. ______ for dumping eatable food into a bin.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Do you often feel tried in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven or eight hour s the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. _51_, your sleep efficiency is not that good.Sleep experts _52_ “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time that you are actually sleeping.According to explanatory journalism website , the science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no _53_ number for efficiency that’s been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a New York Times report about sleep _54_, some experts make a rough estimate of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.Besides avoiding caffeine intake after lunch and _55_ physical exercise before bed, here are more tips for improving sleep efficiency.Avoid blue light at nightShort wavelength blue light, _56_ by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smartphones, stops production of the sleep-stimulating hormone melatonin (褪黑激素) and makes you feel more _57_. Blue light tells your brain it’s daytime. Experts suggest turning offyour computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed. You can also try installing apps that can filter blue light on your _58_.Keep a _59_ sleep scheduleGo to bed and wake up at the same time, or _60_ the same time, every day. Avoid excessive sleeping on the weeken d. Consistency is the key to a good night’s sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain _61_ to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time. Roughly an hour before you wake, hormone levels increase gradually (along with your body temperature and blood pressure), _62_ you to become more alert.Take napsOne of the biggest _63_ in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm time frame, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If you aren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel _64_ to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you’re better off taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than turning to caffeine or strong tea tokeep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need to _65_ the rest of the afternoon, and you’ll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or take a long afternoon nap.51. A. By contrast B. In other words C. In conclusion D. On the contrary52. A. treat B. serve C. workD. define53. A. specific B. effective C. generalD. precious54. A. quantity B. absence C. quality D. advance55. A. undertaking B. restricting C. performingD. referring56. A. given off B. given away C. given inD. given over57. A. sleepy B. unconscious C. exhaustedD. alert58. A. installations B. appliances C. devicesD. computers59. A. various B. distinct C. habitualD. changeable60. A. relatively B. exactly C. graduallyD. respectively61. A. adopts B. adapts C. devotes D. dedicates62. A. commanding B. permitting C. remindingD. causing63. A. problems B. peaks C. advantagesD. weaknesses64. A. depressive B. accurate C. desperateD. attentive65. A. see to B. break through C. take toD. get throughSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）You will never stay the same person.Several recent research studies show a person’s personality naturally changes over time in response to life events and most people tend to improve their personalities as they mature.“Personality means a characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is consistent over time and across situations,” says Christopher Sot o, a research psychologist at Colby College in Maine, US., who thinks that personality is about 50 percent innate and 50 percent learned.Psychologists usually use the Big Five personality model——the human personality can be divided into five broad categories—openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism（神经质）and extroversion （外向）.Some personality types are more successful than others. Soto says people who are more conscientious tend to do better in the workplace and school. People who score high on agreeableness and low on neuroticism tend to have more satisfying and stable relationships. Extroverts do better in social and entrepreneurial （创业）occupations.According to Soto, even small changes in a person’s personality can produce important effects on relationships, career, health and happiness. But change takes time.“You start by changing the behavior and then, if you can maintain that new behavior over time, it gets cultivated,” Soto says.Where do you start? “First, we have to recognize which pie ces of our personality affct us,” says Richard Levak, a well-known personality expert. “If I am always getting fired because I get into arguments with co-workers and always blame others, then I have to realize that I have to change something,” he says.Don’t set your expectation too high. Be patient. Warren Kennaugh, a behavioral strategist in Sydney, Australia, says it’s important to start small. Identify a first step and then practice it without worrying about the primary results. “It’s like learning to k ick a football, you focus on the steps, not whether it goes in the goal,” The Wall Street Journal quoted him as saying.You should also let the people close to you know what you’re doing. “Not only can they be supportive,” Kennaugh says, “but a change for you can also mean a change for them—one they may not want or be ready for, if they aren’t told beforehand.”66. The word “innate” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________________.A. instructiveB. inbornC. indifferentD. informative67. If Steve is a successful sales manager, who always gets well along with others, he probably has the personality model of _____________.A. agreeableness and extroversionB. conscientiousness and neuroticism]C. agreeableness and neuroticismD. openness and neuroticism68. We can learn from the passage that both Soto and Kennaugh think that _________A. adequate time and patience are needed in developing new personalitiesB. when in trouble, one always needs to reflect on his own behaviorsC. one must begin with small things to cultivate new personalitiesD. we are often not sure of the impact of our personalities on our life69. What is this passage mainly about?A. People tend to be changeable as they mature.B. We can easily alter our personalities in a short timeC. Only those of great patience can change their personalitiesD. We can our personalities with some proper strategies.(B)It’s often interesting to take a look at some of the lists that arrive toward the end of the year such as top devices, best gadgets, most desirable high-tech gift and more. Apart from cell phones and tablets, and Apple and Samsung products, this year many other gadgets made it on the most wanted list from Yahoo Tech and the most searched list from Bing. com. Read on to find out what they are.Wireless headphonePortable Bluetooth headphones represent the next evolution in headphone technology. If you have a compatible smartphone with Bluetooth, the obvious benefit is that you can get rid of the wires snaking from your backpack or pocket. Many of the wireless headphones in the market also have a built-in microphone for taking calls hands-free.Product to buy: Beats Studio WirelessFeatures: Signature look, and powerful audio performance with intense bass and high-mid boosting, plus plenty of accessories.Price: 1898 yuanSmartwatchThe primary advantage of a smartwatch over traditional watches is that they reduce how often you have to pull your phone out of your pocket. With it, the information on your smartphone goes straight to your wrist, and you can decide first if they are worth dealing with.Product to buy: Pebble smartwatchFeatures: Understated design, with easy setup and instant information, and customizable watch faces,plus synes（同步）with Android or IOS.Price: $99 (about 612 yuan)Portable Bluetooth speakerBluetooth speakers are steadily growing in popularity because they let you take the party anywhere. They can be paired with your music device, and they are able to withstand incidental bumps. Though small in size, Bluetooth speakers provide a steady soundtrack for even the lengthiest bacchanalia (狂欢)。