[2019初试真题回忆]

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[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年北京林业大学英语笔译翻译硕士真题回忆今天2019考研刚刚结束的第一天！考研结束了，突然觉得很轻松，还有点不习惯，无论如何，这段经历都很美好，静待结果。

趁着刚考完，想记录下来点东西，因为在我迷茫时也是看到了以往学姐们的最新消息，才有了方向。

希望以下内容也能对学弟学妹有用，首先，当当初选择北林也是因为百科不考词条，考名词解释，有参考书，翻译也有两本参考书！以下是备考期间用过的书，以及你们可能想了解的一些内容！一、基础英语100分1. 单选(1×30) 四篇阅读40分作文30分考的词汇都很简单，很基础，用的书华研专四1000题还有一本专八词汇巅峰突破就可以，两篇选择，两篇问答，每篇问答有两个问题，我是分成了两小点答得。

阅读，我是做了华研专四阅读180篇之后开始做星火专八阅读接着华研专八阅读专八真题阅读最后做的黄皮书阅读！作文书用的星火180篇，还有一本100篇精读范文考的作文，是否应该用全部的代价来发展工业，有的人认为，有的人反对，说出你的观点！2. 翻译150分四篇翻译，两篇汉译英，两篇英译汉！英译汉是关于一个国家立法权利之类的，汉译英政府工作报告内容，和政治内容特别相像，经济全球化发展，变革另外两篇是参考书里的，一篇是关于卡普吉岛的，另一篇是导航卫星系统！用的书有三笔的书，报了武峰老师的三笔课程，MTI冲刺三. 百科1. 名词解释60分2. 应用文40分3. 大作文50分15个名词解释，买了两个个学姐的资料。

考到了十个，另外五个没背到，不会写，黄帝纪篇，科举制，孔尚任，禅宗，阴阳五行，南戏，元杂剧，禅让制，乐府诗，五音，应用文写一个英语比赛复赛通知大作文：人工智能与现实世界四、政治100分这一科没有底子的理科生，一定要报班学，因为身为理科生，我太懂对政治的那种无奈了，关于肖秀荣的书一定要买，精讲1000题，肖四肖八，尤其是肖四，后期一定要背熟，今年大题基本上压准了！还有结合徐涛老师的课程！我就是一路听徐涛老师的课，看肖秀荣的书做肖秀荣的题，哈哈！徐涛老师讲课也非常好。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年湖南师范大学翻译硕士专业真题回忆（357+448）
357英语翻译基础
词条总体来讲黄皮书占一大半没有考China Daily和卢敏热词后来的学弟学妹认准黄皮死命背没问题！
内容（不全，尽量记）
达摩克利斯之剑。

Academy Award broadway 乡村振兴战略意美音美形美音译
形合意合山体滑坡financial deficit 清朝康熙年间佛经
翻译第一篇写老年人有自己的兴趣度过晚年更容易巴拉巴拉（不难）
第二篇（文言文翻译）曹操诸葛亮草船借箭（有难度师大第一次考文言文翻译咯～）
448汉语百科
总体来讲不难依旧推荐黄皮书其实师大的词条基本背下黄皮都有一半的分剩下的分建议紧跟微博的旭东翻译反正我在那上面背的基本考了嘻嘻
百科选择
草叶集谁写的格列夫游记谁写的中国沙漠在哪个地区李白写的啥诗玄奘的五不翻等等
名词解释
光伏蒙太奇湖畔诗人（英国）话剧伊斯兰教
四书五经（剩下不记得了）
应用文写作
助学金申请书
作文
最打动的一瞬
以上～已经很尽力在回忆了积攒点人品考上了再来帮各位学弟学妹答疑～。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年南开大学中国古代文学真题回忆
一.
若乃经国文符，应资博古。

撰德驳奏，宜穷往烈。

至乎吟咏情性，亦何贵于用事？“思君如流水”，即是即目。

“高台多悲风”，亦唯所见。

“清晨登陇首”，羌无故实。

“明月照积雪”，讵出经史？观古今胜语，多非补假，皆由直寻。

（钟嵘《诗品·序》）
1.这段文字的核心思想是什么？你怎样认识这个问题？
2.找出这段文字的关键词，说出理由。

二.
1.《汉书·艺文志》
2.《郡斋读书志》
3.《文献通考》
4.妙悟说
5.一人永占
6.阳羡词派
三.
1.简释“致虚极，守静笃”《老子》
2.简释“赋者，古诗之流也”（班固《两都赋序》皇甫谧《三都赋序》挚虞《文章流别论》）
3.柳宗元寓言散文创作特色。

4.谈谈你对易安体的理解。

5.概述明前七子的创作情况。

6.举出《聊斋志异》中的一篇，分析其艺术手法。

四.
1.论述“立象以尽意，系辞以尽言”的文学思想意义。

2.
3.论述元好问诗歌创作及其诗论成就。

4.论述孔尚任《桃花扇》的思想和艺术成就。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年广东外语外贸大学外国及应用语言学二外俄语真题回忆因为自己准备考研得益于学长学姐们的经验贴，所以想着分享点自己的经验，造福一下学弟学妹们英语水平:cloze，30个，每个1分，这类资料比较少，建议练英译现代散文选，也可以适当练一下专四的cloze真题，另外就是广外真题改错，20个，每个2分，建议练练专八，冲击波，记得要注重积累，改错考的不只是语法，还有长难句，对文章的把握度，词义辨析，20个，每个两分，建议背《gre形近词》，因为考试的形式和gre形近词内容很像，但光背词汇还是不够的，还要掌握每个词汇的名词、形容词、动词的形式，因为考试不仅要选对词汇，还要将所选的词汇变形阅读，四篇20个选择题，每个2分，这个就练练专八，看看经济学人，还有一本书特别推荐——《星火英语·2013英语专业8级考试：五大题源报刊阅读100篇》，里面包含各类外刊翻译与写作:这次summary 看了一篇关于矛盾的文章，内容层次还挺分明的。

这一部分建议练新概念4，新概念4中每课后都有summary的练习，记得要买相关的练习答案册哦！这次作文考的是科技对人际关系的影响（400字），作文建议看gre作文这次中译英，有点偏散文；英译中粤港澳大湾区。

虽然准备了大半年的散文翻译，最终却考了时事翻译，但不建议学弟学妹放下张培基，毕竟历年真题考的都是散文翻译。

建议在准备考研时可以准备个三笔，二笔，这样就也练到了各种题材的翻译了。

二外俄语:俄语是我想重点谈谈的，因为自己当初在准备时，找资料和经验贴真的找得好辛苦，因为二外俄语的经验实在太少了。

所以这里谈得仔细点，希望能对二外俄语的学弟学妹们有所帮助。

本次二外俄语，单选40个，0.5分一个。

考的主要是动词搭配，动词完成体与未完成体，数词，形容词长短尾，形容词比较级，从句，名词搭配，文化常识。

翻译考一小段，讲语言的重要性，单词较简单，也有几个看不懂的，但大部分还能看懂的。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆]2019年广州大学英语语言文学专业真题回忆往年英语语言文学的帖子不多，当时复习也挺茫然的，因此考完了趁还记得题型就先来写一篇回忆贴，以下如果有记错或记漏的欢迎同届考生指正。

英语语言文学的专业课考试在第二天进行：综合英语、翻译与写作。

一、综合英语1. 单项选择题。

主要是词汇辨析，词组搭配，有少量语法题，共30分，难度中下，跟专四的词汇辨析题有点像。

2. 完型填空。

这道题我在专四还是六级的完型真题里好像见过，但记得不是很清楚，是关于全球变暖对农业的影响。

粮食的供应、各国屯粮什么的。

不难，六级到专四的难度。

3. 阅读。

有三篇，每篇5个选择题，共15题。

全部在六级和专四的练习里做过，所以说啊，多做专四的题。

我买的全部是星火专八的资料，差不多都做完了，特别难，它会影响你的判断。

导致我在选择答案的时候不按常理出牌，总觉得不可能是那么简单的答案，其实答案原文里都完全找得到。

下面附上三篇阅读的原文和选项。

第一篇：Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes.These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce thenumber of family servants.One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Anne\'s Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was London\'s loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors. The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or \'ascending carriage\' as it was called when firstused in the Strand Law Courts in the 1870s.1、Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century whenA. they were principally built for those families with several servants.B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.2、English upper-middle-class families preferred toA. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.B. live in the West End.C. live near their working place.D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.3、One effect of the railways\' coming to central London was to stimulate the building ofA. large and well-appointed hotels.B. blocks of self-contained fiats.C. rows of elegant town houses.D. fiats similar to hotel suites.4、The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed toA. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.B. their revolutionary style of architecture.C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.D. their French style of architecture.5、Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Anne\'s Mansions?A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.第二篇：As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldn\'t keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )A. a firefighter\'s jobВ. How to cope with fireC. the danger of fireD. the real cause of death in fire.2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.D. Those who don t know where the exits are.3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smokeB. the importance of precaution against fireC. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fireD. the importance of being well-prepared in your room4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.5. The word \"disoriented”(Para.2) means ( )A. losing all sense of directionB. losing all strength against fireС. unable to see the wayD. mortally afraid第三篇:War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a statecontrolled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __（B）__.A) it threatens the existing social systemsB) it is influenced by societyC) it has roots in religious conflictsD) it is directed against institutions of law32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __（A）__.A) to control violence within a societyB) to protect the world from chaosC) to free society from the idea of revengeD) to give the government absolute power33. What does the author mean by saying “... in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused”(Lines 4-5, Para. 2)? （D）A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.34. The word “allegiance”(Line 4, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to __（A）__.A) loyaltyB) objectiveC) survivalD) motive35. What can we learn from the last paragraph? __（D）__A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.4.改错。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年贵州大学外国语言学文学初试真题回忆都一天考的是政治和俄语俄语考的简直是一言难尽俄语第一部分完型填空选项里面涉及到行动词主要考察你的词汇第二部分四篇阅读理解其中有第三部分散文翻译主题是самыйжизни第四部分作文题目是плюсыминусымобильноготелефона第二天考综合和英美语言学综合英语第一部分五篇阅读理解其中有几篇是专八未改革之前的第二部分语法知识和人文知识语法知识就是专四题型涉及到虚拟语气固定搭配词汇人文知识有比如North Ireland’s capital Australia 的原始居民枫叶国是哪个国家第三部分翻译中翻译考的是中国将坚定不移的走和平发展的道路将坚持独立自主的和平外交政策我估计我都能背出来英翻中考的是专八原题第四部分英语作文telling the truth is the most consideration of any rrelationship语言学和英美文学语言学第一名词解释antonymy，mode of discourse ，motivation，positive transfer第二选择题老样子十道题比较简单比如语言学之父是谁第三语音/z/ /i：/ /v/ /u/第四简答题what is the relation between phonetic and phonology？the characteristic of language which include in the definition of language？第五what kind of language learner are you ？give reason and talk about your learning methods英美文学第一选择二十道第二名词解释free verse and romanticism第三作家作品搭配很简单很基础第四给出一个选段回答问题第一个是哈姆雷特第五赏析Robert frost 的the road not taken。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年成都中医药大学中药综合初试真题回忆（701）
题主，今天刚考完趁还有记忆攒人品来了
中药：药物用量的依据，使君子的用量，苏合香的用量所以在复习的时候要看下书后面的总结，里面会提到那些中药需要记用量这几年基本考了，然后大题这次考的是远志和石菖蒲的功效和作用异同。

归经的确定，和解释“执经络而用药，其时也泥”，这句话其实在张廷模教授的那个课上有讲过，但是我忘了（这个在优酷就可以看，就是很长，我没看完。

）然后考的很细
中基：前三章是重点特别是藏像，大题基本就是这里出，然后多看下书中提到的那些古书里提到的名句，会在选择里考到。

无机：计算题今年考的是分布沉淀，去年考的也是这个，不知道明年还是不是，但是看书看仔细，无机基本没什么问题的
有机这算是一门大头了，但今年的方程式和推断比较简单，没有命名题，选择考酸碱强弱，考了好几题，所以要会判断，今年考了三乙以为印错了，结果是乙酰乙酸乙酯，所以大家看书看细点，还有一些个别化合物，比如今年考了乳酸就出现在两道多选里面。

，酒石酸也在多选里。

然后还考了，可以在水中混溶的物质，烯醇式的含量比较，含氮有机物，醛酮，都是在推断和方程式里比较容易考到的
下面就是一些比较具体的题目，但是选项可能就记不清了
受盛之官是哪个脏腑，津液的主要作用，肝主疏泄和肾主闭藏的共同作用，肝藏血的作用，脾藏什么，引发复发的诱因。

大题肝脾肺对调节气机的作用
中药这个就太多了，感觉突然遗忘，想起来在来。

但是只要认真背了基本不
会太差
题主可能要十天半个月才会上线一次，所以后面有人问问题可能回答不会及时。

[2019初试真题回忆]

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年大连海事大学日语学硕专业真题回忆
九月份大纲改革真的惊了感谢所有前辈直奔主题
二外英语
四级水平可能还不到四级作文是掌握两门以上语言的优势翻译中译英关于中国庆祝春节舞龙舞狮团圆饭之类阅读四个简单单选20个有几个四级词汇其他都是高考难度的词汇。

基础日语
单词题没有考专八那种很难的和语都是N1类型的单词简单外来语五个来自N1真题20个单选有词汇辨析N1难度后面是语法N1难度完形填空两个每个五空专四难度或者专四专八难度之间阅读专八难度古典语法（改革）20分古文翻译成现代日语考了いろは歌和竹取物語还有10分的古文选择五个每个两分中译日10分文学类翻译日译中10分文本类翻译作文10分250-300字千里の行は足下に始まる
综合日语（语言学）
简答题9个90分
日本语文和形态特点
单词
复合动词
活用
体态
语态
时态
语气
音便
文学文化常识10个选择题10分
2013平成年份（25）
日本多少个县（43）
降雪量最大城市（青森）
名古屋属于哪个县（爱知）
小说的神様
万叶集风格（真情）
夏目漱石作品排除
1994诺贝尔文学奖获得者（大江健三郎）
平安时代日本最初物语（竹取物语）
简答题两个20分
狂言
浪漫主义
小论文30分
教授法が効果があるかどうかを調べるには何の方法ががあるか。

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[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年中国人民大学中国史真题回忆（633）
20届考研，这份真题是根据各学长学姐回忆信息汇聚而成，部分真题还有遗漏，请各位学长学姐补充。

不胜感激
19年人大633真题（回忆版）
一、名词解释
1.谶纬
2.府兵制
3.军机处
4.秘密立储制度
5.广方言馆
6.强学会
7.江桥抗战
8.东方杂志
二、材料分析题
1.（一）史记平准书
汉兴，接秦之弊，丈夫从军旅，老弱转粮饟，作业剧而财匮，自天子不能具钧驷，而将相或乘牛车，齐民无藏盖。

於是为秦钱重难用，更令民铸钱，一黄金一斤，约法省禁。

而不轨逐利之民，蓄积馀业以稽市物，物踊腾粜，米至石万钱，马一匹则百金。

天下已平，高祖乃令贾人不得衣丝乘车，重租税以困辱之。

孝惠、高后时，为天下初定，复弛商贾之律，然市井之子孙亦不得仕宦为吏。

量吏禄，度官用，以赋於民。

而山川园池市井租税之入，自天子以至于封君汤沐邑，皆各为私奉养焉，不领於天下之经费。

漕转山东粟，以给中都官，岁不过数十万石。

（二）汉书食货志
汉兴，接秦之敝，诸侯并起，民失作业而大饥馑。

凡米石五千，人相食，死者过半。

高祖乃令民得卖子，就食蜀、汉。

天下既定，民亡盖臧，自天子不能具醇驷，而将相或乘牛车。

上于是约法省禁，轻田租，十五而税一，量吏禄，度官用，以赋于民。

而山川、园池、市肆租税之人，自天子以至封君汤沐邑，皆各为私奉养，不领于天子之经费。

漕转关东粟以给中都官，岁不过数十万石。

孝惠、高后之间，衣食滋殖。

（三）郑樵通志
固于当时，已有定价；如此人材，将何著述！《史记》一书，功在十表，犹衣裳之有冠冕，木水之有本原；班固不通，旁行斜上，以古今人物强立差等；且谓汉绍尧运，自当继尧，非迁作《史记》厕于秦项。

此则无稽之谈也！由其断汉为书，是致周秦不相因，古今成间隔。

自高祖至武帝，凡六世之前，尽窃迁书，不以为惭；自昭帝至平帝，凡六世，资于贾逵、刘歆，复不以为耻；况又有曹大家终篇，则固之自为书也几希！往往出固之胸中者，《古今人表》耳，他人无此谬也！后世众手修书，道旁筑室，掠人之文，窃钟掩耳，皆固之作俑也！固之事业如此，后来史家奔走班固之不暇，何能测其浅深！迁之于固，如龙之于猪，奈何诸史弃迁而用固，刘知几之徒尊班而抑马！
（1）对比史记与汉书对汉初形势叙述的异同
（2）评价郑樵班马优劣论
2.（一）笑林广记贪吝下饭
二子同餐，问父用何物下饭，父曰：“古人望梅止渴，可将壁上挂的腌鱼，望一望吃一口，这就是下饭了。

”二子依法行之。

忽小者叫云：“阿哥多看了一眼。

”父曰：“咸杀了他。

”
（二）日知录有关开中法的内容（原文未找到）
（三）顺治初、乾隆到光绪朝课盐数变化（原文未找到）
（1）材料一中贪吝通过材料二三的理解还能有怎样的新解释
（2）材料二中是一项什么制度，最后是怎样崩溃的
（3）材料三顺治到乾隆等朝盐课变化的原因光绪时盐课仍继续增长的原因
三、论述题（4选3）
1.叙述“王与马共天下”和“与士大夫共治天下”的政治结构，形成原因及影响
2.论述清朝满汉关系
3.分析清朝中法战争中陆战胜利的原因
4.一战对于东南亚国际关系的影响
四、翻译
1.自孔子卒後七十子之徒散游諸侯大者為師傅卿相小者友教士大夫，或隱而不見故子路居衛子張居陳澹台子羽居楚子夏居西河子貢終於齊如田子方段乾木吳起禽滑釐之屬皆受業於子夏之倫為王者師。

是時獨魏文侯好學後陵遲以至於始皇天下並爭於戰國懦術既絀焉，然齊魯之間學者獨不廢也於威宣之際孟子荀卿之列咸遵夫子之業而潤色之以學顯於當世及至秦之季世焚詩書阬術士六藝從此缺焉。

陳涉之王也而魯諸儒持孔氏之禮器往歸陳王於是孔甲為陳涉博士，卒與涉俱死陳涉
起匹夫驅瓦合適戍旬月以王楚不滿半歲竟滅亡其事至微淺然而縉紳先生之徒負孔子禮器往委質為臣者何也以秦焚其業積怨而發憤於陳王也
2.第二道翻译有两段，但找不到了，第一段忘了什么内容，第二段内容是对比唐朝与东汉、明朝宦官干政。