2012—2014年南京师范大学考博英语真题及答案
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The detectives kept a ______ watch of the suspect’s house.A．keenB．completeC．thoroughD．close正确答案：D解析：close a.严密的，密切的。
keen a．热心的，渴望的(on)；敏锐的，敏捷的(of)。
complete a.完全的，完整的。
thorough a.彻底的，完全的。
2．The police searched all the houses but found no______.A．connectionsB．cluesC．relationshipsD．ties正确答案：B解析：clue(to)n.线索，提示。
3．Many skiers ______ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．padB．packC．squeezeD．cluster正确答案：D解析：本题空格处是说“许多滑雪者成群地围在火堆边”。
D项“cluster丛生，成群”符合题意．如：The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs．(孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。
)其他三项“pad加上垫衬；pack包装：squeeze压榨”都不正确。
4．A substance such as sand may be either fine or ______.A．coarseB．courseC．largeD．tough正确答案：A解析：coarse a．粗的，粗糙的；粗劣的；粗俗的。
南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions1-5,choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question:What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher?Probably no two people would draw up exactly the same lists.But I think the following would be generally accepted.First,1)But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, melancholy,frigid,sarcastic,cynical,frustrated,and overbearing: I would say too,that it excludes all of dull or purely negative personality.Secondly,2）Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant-not,indeed,of what is wrong,but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce people,and again especially children,to make mistakes.Thirdly,3）This does not mean being a saint.It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths,and limitations,and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided.There is no contradiction in my going on to saythat a teacher should be a bit of an actor.That is part of the technique of teaching,which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act to enliven a lesson,correct a fault, or award praise.Children,especially young children,live in a world that is rather larger than life.On the other hand,4）He must be pretty resilient,teaching makes great demands on nervous energy.And he should be able to take in his stride the innumerable petty irritations any adult dealing with children has to endure.Finally,5）There are three principle objects of study:the subject,or subjects,which the teacher is teaching;the methods by which they can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching;and-by far the most important-the children,young people,or adults to whom they are to be taught.The cardinal principle of British education is education of the whole person,and that it is best acquired through full and active cooperation between two persons,the teacher and the learner.[A]it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy-in the literal meaning of that word;a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people.[B]a teacher must be capable of infinite patronee.This,I may say,is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training, because none of us were born like that.[C]the teacher's personality should be pleasantly live andattractive.This does not rule out people who are physically plain, or even ugly,because many such have great personal charm.[D]A teacher must remain mentally alert,He must be quick to adapt himself to any situation,however improbable(they happen!)and able to improvise,if necessary at less than a moment’s notice[E]A teacher should be humorous sometimes like a best friend sitting down across from you in your living room having a chat about what's going on in your life.[F]I think a teacher should have the kind of mind,which always wants to go on learning.Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect;there is always something more to learn about it.[G]I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest.答案及解析1）C。
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解时间：180分钟Paper One注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwith a single line through the center 1.The concept of vocational or professional identity differs______between the United Sates and Japan.A.clearB.markedlyC.outstandinglyD.greedily【答案】B【解析】句意：美国和日本在职业或专业身份的概念定义上存在明显差异。
markedly明显地；显著地。
clear清楚的；明显的。
outstanding杰出的；突出的。
greedily贪婪地；贪食地。
此处需要的是具有“明显，显著”含义的副词。
2.Now that her son was old enough to support the family,Mr.Williams decided to leave everything at his______.A.handB.advocacyC.tacklingD.disposal【答案】D【解析】句意：既然她的儿子已长大到足以支撑整个家庭，威廉姆斯先生决定将所有事都交给他来处理。
英语考博试题及答案
英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
博士专业英语试题及答案
博士专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "sustainability" refers to the ability to endure over the long haul.A) TrueB) False2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Social equityD) Unlimited resource consumption3. The phrase "paradigm shift" in academic writing often refers to:A) A change in the weatherB) A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptionsC) A minor adjustment in perspectiveD) A change in political leadership4. The concept of "ecosystem services" is associated with which field of study?A) EconomicsB) EcologyC) SociologyD) Political science5. In the context of climate change, "mitigation" refers to:A) Adapting to the effects of climate changeB) Reducing greenhouse gas emissionsC) Planting more treesD) Moving populations to less affected areas6. The term "peer review" in academic publishing is a process where:A) Authors review each other's workB) Journal editors review all submissionsC) Experts in the field evaluate and critique manuscriptsD) The public reviews and comments on published articles7. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A) Solar powerB) Wind powerC) Nuclear powerD) Hydroelectric power8. The "Kyoto Protocol" is an international treaty linked to:A) Biodiversity conservationB) Climate changeC) International tradeD) Space exploration9. "Circular economy" is a model of production and consumption that:A) Encourages the use of non-renewable resourcesB) Minimizes waste and promotes recyclingC) Focuses on mass production and consumptionD) Ignores the environmental impact of production10. The "Precautionary Principle" in environmental policy suggests that:A) Action should be taken only after full scientific certainty is achievedB) Scientific uncertainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent harmC) Environmental policies should be based solely on economic considerationsD) Environmental harm should be accepted as a cost of economic growth二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants is known as __________.12. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the accumulation of __________ gases in the atmosphere.13. In a __________ economy, the goal is to minimize waste and make the most of resources.14. The term "biodiversity" refers to the variety of life in all its forms and levels of __________.15. The __________ Principle states that it is better to be safe than sorry when it comes to potential harm to the environment.16. The __________ is a global environmental facility that provides grants for projects that benefit the global environment.17. The __________ is a set of international rules for the trade and use of hazardous chemicals and pesticides.18. "Eco-friendly" products are designed to have the leastpossible __________ on the environment.19. The __________ is a measure of the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities.20. The __________ is a branch of environmental science concerned with the study of the total environment of a given area, both physical and biological.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Define the term "sustainable development" and explain its three main pillars.22. What are the key components of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?23. Describe the role of "stakeholders" in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR).24. Explain the concept of "ecological footprint" and why it is important for environmental conservation.四、论述题（每题25分，共50分）25. Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy.26. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of international environmental agreements in addressing global environmental issues.五、翻译题（共30分）27. Translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese (15 points):"Environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are three of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. The need for sustainable solutionsthat balance economic growth, social development, and environmental protection is more urgent than ever."28. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese to English (15 points):"可持续发展是指在不损害后代满足其需求的能力的前提下，满足当代人的需求。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编60(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．______is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.A．CompeteB．CompetitionC．CompetitiveD．Competence正确答案：B解析：competition n.竞争；比赛。
2．Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most______ areas in Japanese life.A．sophisticatedB．competitiveC．considerateD．superficial正确答案：B解析：competitive a.竞赛的，竞争的；(人)好竞争的；(价格)有竞争力的(如：competitive games；Important posts are filled by competitive examinations．Our firm offers you competitive prices．He is a competitive young man and has competitive spirit．)。
sophisticated a.(人)老练的，富有经验的：(机器、武器等)精密的，尖端的。
considerate(of／to)a.考虑周到的，体贴人的。
superficial a.肤浅的，浅薄的：表面的。
3．Unless my room is warmer tonight, I’m going to______ to the hotel manager.A．complainB．argueC．blameD．reason正确答案：A解析：complain vi．抱怨(句型：complain to sb．of／about sth．；complain that…)。
考博英语词汇历年真题试卷汇编57_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编57(总分50, 做题时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1.**ing of the railways in the 1830s______our society and economic life.SSS_SINGLE_SELA transmittedB transportedC transferredD transformed分值: 2答案:D解析：transform(into)vt．改造，改善；使改观；变换，使变样(transform an old house into a showplace；transform heat into power；transform sb．into a responsible person)。
transmit vt．传送，传递，输送；播送，发射。
transport vt.运输，运送。
transfer vt.转移，转换；调动。
2.These technological advances in communication have______ the way people do business.(2006年厦门大学考博试题)SSS_SINGLE_SELA revoltedB adoptedC representedD transformed分值: 2答案:D解析：通信方面的技术进步改变了人们经商的方式。
四个选项中，revolted的意思是“反抗，起义，反叛”；adopted的意思是“采用，收养”：represented的意思是“表现，描绘，声称，象征”：transformed的意思是“转换，改变，改造，使……变形”。
根据题意，D项为正确答案。
3.Planning our vocation we must take the frequent ______ of the weather into consideration.(2008年四川大学考博试题)SSS_SINGLE_SELA transformationB transmissionC transactionD transition分值: 2答案:A解析：transaction交易，处理；transition过度，转变。
南师大考博英语
南师大考博英语Here is an essay on the topic "Nanjing Normal University Entrance Exam for Postgraduate Studies in English" with over 1000 words, written entirely in English without any additional title or punctuation marks in the main body.Nanjing Normal University, a renowned institution of higher education in China, has long been recognized for its academic excellence and commitment to nurturing talented individuals. The university's postgraduate entrance exam, particularly in the field of English, has become a coveted milestone for aspiring scholars and researchers. This examination not only tests the depth of one's knowledge but also evaluates the breadth of their linguistic abilities, making it a true testament to the aspirant's academic prowess.The Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English is a comprehensive assessment that covers a wide range of topics ranging from literature and linguistics to translation and pedagogy. Candidates are required to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the English language, its historical development, and its diverse applications in various academic and professional domains. The exam typically consists of multiple-choice questions,essay writing, and a rigorous oral interview, all designed to gauge the applicant's critical thinking skills, research potential, and communication proficiency.One of the key aspects of the Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English is the emphasis on literary analysis and interpretation. Candidates are often presented with excerpts from classic English literature and are expected to dissect the nuances of the text, identify the underlying themes, and articulate their interpretations with clarity and coherence. This component not only assesses the applicant's familiarity with the literary canon but also their ability to engage in close reading and analytical reasoning.In addition to literary analysis, the exam also delves into the realm of linguistics, testing the candidate's understanding of the structural, phonological, and semantic aspects of the English language. This section may include questions on language acquisition, sociolinguistics, and the evolution of the English language, challenging the applicants to demonstrate their theoretical knowledge and its practical applications.Another crucial aspect of the Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English is the translation component. Candidates are often required to translate passages from Chinese toEnglish and vice versa, showcasing their mastery of both languages and their ability to convey meaning accurately and idiomatically. This task not only evaluates the applicant's linguistic proficiency but also their cultural awareness and sensitivity, as effective translation requires a deep understanding of the nuances and conventions of both languages.The oral interview component of the exam is designed to assess the candidate's communication skills, their ability to articulate their ideas, and their overall academic potential. Applicants are typically asked to engage in discussions on a wide range of topics, from their research interests and academic experiences to their future goals and aspirations. This interaction allows the examination panel to gauge the applicant's critical thinking abilities, their ability to think on their feet, and their potential to contribute to the academic community at Nanjing Normal University.Preparing for the Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach. Candidates must not only have a strong command of the English language but also a deep understanding of the academic and research landscape in their chosen field of study. This involves extensive reading, research, and practice in areas such as literary analysis, linguistic theory, translation techniques, and effective communication.Many aspiring scholars seek out specialized coaching and tutoring services to enhance their chances of success in this highly competitive examination. These support systems often provide targeted guidance on exam strategies, practice materials, and feedback on the candidate's performance, helping them to identify and address their weaknesses.Ultimately, the Nanjing Normal University postgraduate entrance exam in English is a testament to the university's commitment to excellence and its desire to attract the brightest minds to its academic community. For those who are successful in this rigorous examination, the rewards are manifold – the opportunity to pursue advanced studies at a prestigious institution, the chance to collaborate with renowned scholars and researchers, and the potential to make meaningful contributions to their respective fields of study.As the competition for postgraduate programs continues to intensify, the Nanjing Normal University entrance exam in English remains a coveted milestone for aspiring scholars and researchers. By demonstrating their mastery of the English language, their analytical prowess, and their research potential, candidates can unlock the doors to a world of academic and professional opportunities, pavingthe way for their future success and the advancement of knowledge in their chosen fields.。