语法-动词不定式课件(PPT-28页)
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中考英语---动词不定式用法归纳PPT课件
作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。 · I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 · They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 · Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 · Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们起去野餐好吗？
本课结束
省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：Let / make / have sb. do sth. Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。 The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。 see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天我看见学生们 在操场打篮球。 I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。 可省可不省的：help sb. （to）do sth. I often help my mother （to）do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务。
中考英语---动词不定式用法归纳 PPT课件
作主语
To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 · To learn English well is not easy. 学好英 语不容易。 · To say is to believe.眼见为实。
2023年中考英语语法专题：非谓语动词之动词不定式(to do)) 课件
3.用作宾补（V.+ sb. + to do）
eg: 她要我帮她 She asked me to help her.
eg: 老师告诉他让他准时来 The teacher told him to come on time.
eg: 汤姆的妈妈教他读英语 Tom’s mother taught him to read English.
动词不定式
定义：不定式的构成是to+动词原形，当然to有时也可 以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以作除谓语 外的任何成分。
肯定式：to + 动词原形 否定式：not to + 动词原形
1.用作主语
A.动词不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。
eg: 眼见为真 To see is to believe. eg: 学好英语对我们来说很重要 To learn English well is important for us.
2.用作宾语（V.+ to do）
eg: 我想买一台新电脑 I want to buy a new computer. eg: 我决定回家 I decide to go home.
eg: 她希望能找到一份更好的工作 She hopes to find a better job.
常用动词不定式作宾语 的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, need, choose, decide, agree, start, begin, like, try, plan.
Practice
1. Let him __fin_i_sh__ (finish) the work at once. 2. ——Is Wang Fang good at drawing?
公开课课件动词不定式的用法
05
动词不定式与其他非谓语动词比较
与动名词比较
动词不定式和动名词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语等成分，但它们的意义和用法 有所不同。
动词不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作，而动名词则表示抽象的、习பைடு நூலகம்性的动作。
在某些情况下，动词不定式和动名词可以互换使用，但表达的含义可能有所不同。
与现在分词比较
动词不定式和现在分词都可以表示主 动的动作，但它们的时态和语态有所 不同。
在某些情况下，动词不定式和现在分 词可以互换使用，但需要根据具体语 境来判断。
动词不定式不受时态限制，可以表示 过去、现在或将来的动作，而现在分 词则通常表示正在进行的动作。
与过去分词比较
动词不定式和过去分词都可以表示被动的动作，但它们的用法和意义有 所不同。
动词不定式表示被动的动作时，需要使用助动词be的适当形式，而过去 分词则可以直接表示被动的动作。
03
动词不定式在句子中作用
作主语
01
动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词 用单数形式。
02
常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句后。
作宾语
能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask, agree, beg, decide, determine等 。
动词不定式与名词等构成复合宾语时 ，通常要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的 宾语动词不定式置于句后。
择合适的动词形式。例如，正确的表达是 “I enjoy listening to music”，而不是
“I enjoy to listen to music”。
逻辑主语问题
要点一
不定式逻辑主语与句子主语不一 致
动词不定式的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。例如，正 确的表达是“It is important for you to study hard”， 而不是“It is important for him to study hard”。
初中英语语法课件-非谓语动词之动词不定式的用法
“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语可转换为宾语从句。 Can you tell me where to get the book？ ＝Can you tell me where I can get the book? 你能告诉我哪里能得到这本书吗？
THE END
一些感官动词和使役动词要用不带to的动词不定式 作宾语补足语：这些动词有 一感(feel) 二听(hear, listen to) 三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 注： 变被动语态时必须加上to
5. 作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应放在所修饰词的 后面，它与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。
动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状 语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语 ，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
My father asked me not to read in bed. 我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。 My job is to drive them to school every day. 我的工作是每天开车把他们送去学校。
初中英语语法
非谓语动词之 动词不定式
作为非谓语动词的一种，动词不定式 是我们英语学习中的重点以及难点！
动词不定式的构成 动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如： to study, to play，to eat 动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍保留着 动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而 构成动词不定式短语，如： to study hard, to play table tennis
初中英语语法 动词不定式做宾语的用法课件
想要 _w_a_n__t _ 期望 _e_x_p_e_c_t 希望 _h_o_p_e___ 计划 _p_l_a_n__ 决定 _d_e_c_id_e_ 开始 _b_e_g_i_n__
开始 _s_t_a_rt__ 尝试 __t_r_y__
常见的跟动词不定式做宾语的动词:
plan, prepare, want, help, would like, invite, drive, offer, expect, ask, fail, forbid, tell, happen, need, hope, pretend, promise, decide, refuse, order, force, wish
有些动词后面跟动词不定式时, 应将不定 式符号to省去。常见的动词有 let, make, feel, help, watch, hear 等。
e.g. 让我来帮助你。 Let me help you.
你能帮助我打扫房间吗？
Can you help me clean the house?
用动词的适当形式填空。
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 Don't pretend to know when you don't. 不要不懂装懂。 I pretend to be listening carefully. 我假装听地仔细。 promise to do sth. 许诺做某事 Don't worry. I promise to do just as you say. 别担心,我照你说的做就是了。 If you promise to do something, you must not break your promise. 如果你答 应做事,就一定不要失言。
开始 _s_t_a_rt__ 尝试 __t_r_y__
常见的跟动词不定式做宾语的动词:
plan, prepare, want, help, would like, invite, drive, offer, expect, ask, fail, forbid, tell, happen, need, hope, pretend, promise, decide, refuse, order, force, wish
有些动词后面跟动词不定式时, 应将不定 式符号to省去。常见的动词有 let, make, feel, help, watch, hear 等。
e.g. 让我来帮助你。 Let me help you.
你能帮助我打扫房间吗？
Can you help me clean the house?
用动词的适当形式填空。
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 Don't pretend to know when you don't. 不要不懂装懂。 I pretend to be listening carefully. 我假装听地仔细。 promise to do sth. 许诺做某事 Don't worry. I promise to do just as you say. 别担心,我照你说的做就是了。 If you promise to do something, you must not break your promise. 如果你答 应做事,就一定不要失言。
初中动词不定式完整ppt课件
但有的动词（如：need, want, require等）后面接动名词或动 词不定式作宾语均可。
在It + be + 形容词（easy, difficult, expensive等） + 不 定式句型中，动词不定式常用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语 放到句子后面。
作定语
动词不定式作定语时，要放在被修饰的名词之后，表示与这个名词有逻辑上的动宾 关系，即不定式动词可以修饰的名词应是它的表语或宾语。
误用动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式的时态和语态需要根据句子的语境和上下文进行判断，但在 实际使用中，学生往往容易忽略这一点，导致时态和语态的错误使用。
注意事项
注意动词不定式的正确性
在使用动词不定式时，要确保其形式 的正确性，包括时态、语态、逻辑主 语等方面。
注意上下文语境
多练习、多积累
掌握动词不定式的用法需要大量的练 习和积累，因此学生应该多做相关练 习，多阅读相关材料，以便更好地掌 握这一语法点。
例如
They were watching TV at this time yesterday.（昨天这 个时候他们正在看电视）
语态的转换
1 2
主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者
被动语态 表示主语是动作的承受者
3
动词不定式的语态转换
将主动语态的不定式改为被动语态的不定式，一 般在不定式前加to be，并将不定式的逻辑主语 作为被动语态的主语
04
动词不定式的省略和倒装
省略情况
当动词不定式在句子中作宾语补足语，表示的是一次性 的具体动作，且句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语一致时， 可以省略to。
当动词不定式中的动词是be、have、助动词或情态动 词时，可以省略to。
英语语法-动词不定式课件
d. saw
forget/remember doing sth.
stop/go on to do sth
stop/go on doing sth
The scientist stopped __ to me though he was
busy.
√
a. talking
b. to talk
c. to have talk
It’s +adj+of sb+to do sth. Eg:你能邀请我，你真是太善良了。 It’s very kind of you to invit me. 若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如 kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever， careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb. Eg:你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem.
1. It takes you ten minutes to get there. 主语
2. I hope to see him soon.
宾语
3. His wish is to become an artist.
表语
4. People eat to live, but not live to eat. 状语
I wish to go with you.
need to do learn to do agree to do
plan to do decide to do refuse to do
begin to do start to do
try to do
forget to do remember to do like to do
语法讲座动词不定式PPT教学课件
All we have to do is push the button.
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
All I could do was send him a telegram.
不定式还用在系动词 seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语．
I forget opening the windows.
cease to do afraid to do interested to do
cease doing afraid doing interested doing
及物动词want,need,require等， 当其主语是“物”时，表示“需 要”，常用动词不定式的被动式 作宾语
where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.
I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not.
We must find out what to do next / where to put it.
How long did it take you to finish the work?
注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在 特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由 “ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如：
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It was difficult for me to do the work.
for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特 点，表示客观形式的形容词，如
easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
All I could do was send him a telegram.
不定式还用在系动词 seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语．
I forget opening the windows.
cease to do afraid to do interested to do
cease doing afraid doing interested doing
及物动词want,need,require等， 当其主语是“物”时，表示“需 要”，常用动词不定式的被动式 作宾语
where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.
I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not.
We must find out what to do next / where to put it.
How long did it take you to finish the work?
注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在 特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由 “ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如：
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It was difficult for me to do the work.
for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特 点，表示客观形式的形容词，如
easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
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定 式
We found a house to live in. 定语
She came here to study English. 状语
I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.
宾补
3
作主语
1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。
原因状语.
I’m too tired to walk any further tonight.
结果状语
8
作宾补
1. 她叫我呆在这儿。 She asked me to stay there.
2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的 动作的执行者时.
1. We want to learn English well.
2.Robert is said____abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.(NMET99)
A. to have studied B.to study
不定式的一般式所 表示的动作（状态） 同时（或几乎同时） 发生，或之后发生。
1. I opened the door to enter the room.
2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
14
动词不定式的时态
We watched them playfootball .10
注意
B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to
前加 not.
My father decided not to take up the job. The teacher told us not to be late again.
11
注意
C. 带疑问词的动词不定式在to
大家好
1
Good morning,class!
2
To do that sort of thing is foolish。主语
动 I want to see you this evening. 宾语 词
不 All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表语
㈡.进行式( to be doing)
如果谓语表示的动作 （情况）发生时，不 定式所表示的动作正
在进行。
1. I am very glad to be working with you.
2. He is said to be coming.
15
动词不定式的时态
㈢.完成式（to have done)
如果谓语表示 的动作发生在 不定式之前。
1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.
16
动词不定式的语态
㈠.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done)
To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。
To give up smoking is right.
4
作宾语
1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
5
作表语
1. 我的工作是教英语。
My job is to teach English.
2. 眼见为实。
To see is to believe.
6
作定语
1. 你有什么要说的吗?
Do you have anything to say?
B. C. made
D. to make
17
动词不定式的语态
㈡.被动式( to be done / to have been done)
当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时.
1. He didn’t like to be laughed at.
2. He claimed ____in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.（上海98）
9
注意
A to .有些动词后面的不定式不带 ，如feel
（一感）hear,listen to（二听）make, have, let（三让） see, watch, notice, observe（四看）.
I heard them sing a pop song .
The teacher made me answer the question.
2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人
Betty was the first to know the truth
7
作状语
He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be
heard.
目的状语.
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
B: Yes , I’d love to ( come to your party).
Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。
Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked
her not to ( use my bike).
13
动词不定式的时态
㈠. 一般式( to do ).
前加疑问词。
Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer. Can you tell me where to get the book?
12
注意
D. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，
动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词， 只保留to 。
A:Would you like to come to my party?