英语倒装句学习：倒装句解析

英语倒装句学习：倒装句解析

什么时候倒装以及怎样倒装

1、here，there等地点和方向副词位于句首，用全部倒装，目的是强调状语

Here comes a bus.

来了一辆公共汽车。

正常语序：A bus comes here.

There goes the last train.

最后一班火车开走了。

正常语序：The last train goes there.

解释一下：倒装主要为了强调，强调的内容放在句首，比如强调here 放到句首，这时就必须用倒装句，把谓语comes 提到主语前面。像Here a bus comes. 这种表达是错误的。

这种情况下用全部倒装，就是把所有谓语部分都移动到主语前面，谓语是comes，移动到主语前面，注意这句话的句子成分，bus 是名词，作主语，comes是(不及物)动词，作谓语，这句话没有宾语，here是副词，作状语。

类似还有back, down,off, up, in, out 等表示运动方向的副词：Up went the rocket into the air.

火箭升上天空。

正常语序：The rocket went up into the air.

Out rushed a young lady.

一个年轻女士冲了出来。

正常语序：A young lady rushed out.

当我们表达给别人东西或确定人的位置的时候也用倒装(全部倒装)，这种倒装常常在be 动词之后。

Heres a cup of tea for you.

给你一杯茶。

Theres Kate.

凯特在那儿。

还有一条例外规则：当主语是代词的时候不用倒装。

He comes here. 他来了。(正常语序)

强调状语here的时候，here提到句首，而主语和谓语位置不发生变化：

Here he comes.

而不是：

Here comes he.

Here you are.

给你。

而不是：

Here are you.

2、介词短语充当的地点状语后的倒装：

此时依然用全部倒装，谓语动词一般是表示位置的动词如：lie, live, sit, stand 等或转移动词如come, go, rise 等。

At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel.

那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。

正常语序：The tiny chapel stood at the top of the hill.

On the ground lay some books.

地板上散落着一些书籍。

正常语序：Some books lay on the ground.

3、非谓语动词短语作表语时的(全部)倒装：

Standing beside the table was his wife.

站在桌子旁的是他的妻子。

正常语序：His wife was standing beside the table.

现在分词短语作表语。

To be carefully considered are the following questions.

需要好好考虑的是下面的问题。

正常语序：The following questions are to be carefully considered.

动词不定式短语作表语。

Buried in the sands was an ancient village.

一个古老的村庄被埋葬在这一片沙土之中。

正常语序：An ancient village was buried in the sands.

过去分词短语作表语。

以上三种情况都是全部倒装，下面的情况都用部分倒装，我们用的序号重新开始排列。

1、否定副词等之后的倒装：

这些副词如seldom,hardly, never, rarely, little, not until 等等位于句首：

Seldom does he go out for dinner.

他很少出去吃饭。

正常语序：He seldom goes out for dinner.

部分倒装时，谓语go并没有提到主语he之前，而是在主语前增加了一个助动词does，也就是说：部分倒装没有把实义动词提到主语前面。

Hardly does he have time to listen to the music.

她几乎没有时间听音乐。

正常语序：She hardly has time to listen to the music.

Not until the rain stopped could he start his work.

雨停之后他才能开始工作。

正常语序：He couldnt start his work until the rain stopped.

这句话是谓语由情态动词和实义动词共同构成的，部分倒装只需要把情态动词提前，而实义动词还在原来的位置。

2、only + 状语位于句首时的倒装：

Only then did he realize that he was wrong.

到那时他才意识到自己错了。

正常语序：He realized that he was wrong only then.

上面是only + 副词的例句

Only in this way are you able to do it well.

你只有用这种方式你才能把这件事做好。

正常语序：You are able to do it well only in this way.

上面是only + 介词短语的例句

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.

只有他到家的时候，他才能发现发生了什么。

正常语序：He realized what had happened only when he returned home.

上面是only + 从句的例句

3、so + adj./adv. 位于句首时的倒装：

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.

天太冷了，我们不得不呆在家里。

正常语序：The weather was so cold that we had to stay at home.

上面是so + adj.的例句

So fast does light travel that we can hardly image its speed.

光速太快了，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。

正常语序：Light travels so fast that we can hardly image its