独立主格结构

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高考:英语独立主格结构

高考:英语独立主格结构

高考:英语独立主格结构高考:英语独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。

独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。

需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。

它有以下三个特点:1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)。

其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式,起逻辑主语的作用,其后的“形容词、副词、分词不、不定式等”起逻辑谓语的作用。

注意,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。

There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。

2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。

He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。

独立主格结构

独立主格结构


2.Time permitting, we`ll go there on foot.主动 (现在分词)

3. His friend to come tonight, he is busy
preparing the dinner.表示未发生的动作或状 态(不定式)
(二) 逻辑主语 + ( being ) + 表语
With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow.
Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow. When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow.
谢 谢!
( 形容词、副词、名词或介词短语)
He entered the house, his nose red with cold.(形容词) The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.(副词) Our teacher came into the classroom, book in hand.(介词短语) I receive many Christmas gifts, some of them books.(名词)
独立主格结构
Independent Nominative
1.
独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构的类型 独立主格结构的功能
2.
3.
4.
5.
With/without复合结构
独立主格结构的概念

独立主格结构(Absolute Phrase)由两部分
组成:前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。

完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解

完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解

完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解独立主格独立主格结构是一种带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句。

由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法称之为“独立主格结构”。

其实,这种结构并非真正独立,它是一种从属分句,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。

独立主格结构可放于句首或句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。

独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。

基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构。

1.名词/代词+现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。

例如:The man lay there。

his hands trembling。

So many students being absent。

the meeting had to be put off。

His homework done。

Tom went to sleep。

有时,独立结构中的being或havingbeen可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。

2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。

例如:The boy lay on his back。

his hands crossed under his head。

The job not finished。

we couldn’t see the film。

Her shirt caught on a nail。

she could not move。

如果加上havingbeen或being,这些句子就又变成了现在分词分句。

3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示将来的动作。

例如:XXX going for a ic。

with Mary to provide the food.These are the first two books。

独立主格结构Absolute Structure

独立主格结构Absolute Structure

独立主格结构Absolute Structure一、独立主格结构的定义独立主格结构(absolute structure)是由名词或代词(人称代词、不定代词等)作逻辑主语加上一个分词、不定式、介词短语、形容词或者副词构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。

独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

二、独立主格结构用法独立主格结构的作用相当于一个状语从句(也有说可以当做“背景性”结构),常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。

独立主格结构在语法上是一个独立的短语,而不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。

它的位置比较灵活,可以放于句首、句中、句末,通常与句子之间用逗号隔开。

独立主格结构可与状语从句转换,当句中的状语从句与主句主语独立主格看起来很复杂,其实只要把它看成是一个从句的省略就容易了。

Because he is ill, he will not go to school.=Being ill, he will not go to school.Because his mother is ill, he weill not go to school.=His mother being ill, he will not go to school.注意:第一句主从句的主语相同,省略主语后,不会产生混乱。

第二句主从句主语不同,因此应保留从句的主语,只将is变为being,这就是独立主格结构的意义所在。

Because the last bus had gone, we had to walk home.=The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.The dark clouds had disappeared and the sun shone again.=The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again.三、含独立主格结构的例句要点:独立主格结构可与状语从句转换,当句中的状语从句与主句主语不一致的时候,可以去掉连词,用独立主格结构。

独立主格结构

独立主格结构
一、概念: “独立主格结构”是由名词或代 词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、 副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻 辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主 句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结 构”。
二、功能: “独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语 的非限定状语从句。众所周知非限定性从句通 常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从 而依附于主句。而有些非限定性从句和无动词 从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生 关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫 做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是 一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原 因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在 句中通常起状语作用。
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。 (seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主 语he,注意是“主格”) = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to e bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。 (lost 的逻辑主语是the key,lost 也可以用完成式 having been lost) = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
七、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前 面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功 的。(such an able man和 to help you 之间 存在着主谓关系) = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.

独立主格结构

独立主格结构

独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)独立主格结构有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者主格代词,后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词(现在分词,过去分词, 不定式, 形容词,副词,介词短语)。

前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。

独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。

独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。

一.常见的独立主格结构有如下几种:1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。

名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。

如:The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say.Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。

We being League member, the work was well done.They being our friends, we should help them.2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。

名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。

如:The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。

Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard.3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。

名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。

如:He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。

什么是独立主格结构

什么是独立主格结构

什么是独立主格结构?非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持致。

但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。

独立主格结构的特点是什么?独立主格结构的特点是主要有三点:①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系③独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。

独立主格结构的构成是什么?独立主格结构的构成主要分为三类:①名词/代词+分词(现在分词/过去分词);②名词/代词+不定式;③with+名词/代词+分词/不定式。

例句:①The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。

②The president assassinated(=Because the president was assassinated),the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被暗杀了,全国上下沉浸在悲痛之中。

.[əˈsæsəˌneɪt]③Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天打算去看你。

④I stood before her with my heart beating fast.我站在她面前,心脏跳得很快。

练习题:①The party will be held in the garden,weatherA. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit②The children went home from the grammar school,theirlessons___for the day.A.finishingB.finishedC.had finishedD. went finished③The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog____ them.A. to followB. followingC. followedD.follows④I couldn't do my homework with all that noise_____A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go⑤The lecture(讲座)____, a lively question--and--answer session followed(跟随; 接着). 尤指法庭、议会等)开庭, 开会A. being givenB. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given答案:A B B A D。

独立主格结构

独立主格结构

名词/主格代词+ 名词/主格代词+名词
逻辑主语与后面所跟名词在逻辑上有主谓关系, 逻辑主语与后面所跟名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,表 伴随或进一步补充说明。 伴随或进一步补充说明。
He fought the robber, a stick his only weapon.
There being+名词
There being no buses, they walked to the theatre. There being no c hometown.
The guests having left, he began to take a short rest. All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. It being Sunday, I didn’t go to school.
考虑到她喜欢孩子,教书看来是很适合她的工作。 考虑到她喜欢孩子,教书看来是很适合她的工作。
名词/主格代词+ 名词/主格代词+不定式
名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者, 名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者,与不定式构成 逻辑上的主谓关系, 这种结构可位于句末或句首。 逻辑上的主谓关系, 这种结构可位于句末或句首。多表 示将来的行为,表示“企图” 约定” 示将来的行为,表示“企图”、“约定”等,指的是按 计划安排要做的事。 计划安排要做的事。
Taking everything into consideration, they ought to be given another chance.
考虑到各种因素,他们应该得到另一次机会。 考虑到各种因素,他们应该得到另一次机会。
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独立主格结构Absolute Structure(Independent Genitive)一、概念:“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。

这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。

二、独立主格结构基本构成形式:独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成:第一部分有名词或代词担任,第二部分由1分词、2动词不定式、3形容词、4副词、5名词或介词短语担任。

按其结构形式分为:—ing 分词独立主格结构;—ed分词独立主格结构;无动词独立主格结构等。

名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词(代词)+现在分词There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。

2.名词(代词)+过去分词He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。

3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。

He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company.他下周去参加一个会议,所有费用由他的公司支付。

We divided the money, he to have half of them .4. 名词(代词)+形容词Computers very small, we can use them widely.电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。

5. 名词(代词)+副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。

6. 名词(代词)+名词Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。

7. 名词(代词) +介词短语Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house,a vast load of firewood on her back.每天下午,一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。

二、独立主格结构的句法功能“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。

其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。

如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随状况、表时间等,还可以作定语。

在形式上,“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾,并通常用逗号与主句隔开。

A.作状语独立主格结构作状语,其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。

1.表示时间Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降临,我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。

(= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.)With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都买好后,格雷斯打的回家了。

(After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.)2.表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. 有许多难题要解决,新当选的总统日子不好过。

There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜没有交通工具了,他只好步行回家。

(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3.表示条件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天气允许的话,我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。

(= If weather permits,we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.)Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. 如果从各方面考虑,你的计划似乎更实际些。

(= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.)提示:表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首,并且不能保留连词。

【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class (being) over, the students left their classroom. 下课了,学生都离开了教室。

【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出来了,他们继续赶路。

4.表示伴随情况或补充说明The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。

(= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.)The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.杀人犯被带了进来,手被捆在背后。

(=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.)Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.5.作定语独立主格结构作定语,其功能相当于一个定语从句。

He is the person with 10 kids(with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the person= He is the person who has 10 kids.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。

(without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road ) = He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.with、without引导的独立主格结构介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,宾语通常由名词或代词充当,但代词一定要用宾格。

A.with+名词代词+形容词He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中,衣服湿透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意:在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。

With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父亲如此出名,儿子不想读书。

B.with+名词代词+副词The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前,小孩在后走着。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C.with+名词代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。

= He stood at the door, and a computer was inhis hand.D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了,彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.E.with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围,那男子感到很高兴。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.F.with+名词代词+动词不定式The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动。

The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示:在with/without 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略。

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