2014年、2015年同等学力考试真题及答案分析
2015年在职(同等学力)考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年在职（同等学力）考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. A1型题 2. A2型题 3. B1型题 4. X型题1．不受醛固酮控制的是A．钠离子B．氯离子C．水D．钾离子E．钙离子正确答案：E解析：醛固酮是调节机体细胞外液量和Na+、K+平衡的重要激素。
促进远曲小管对Na+、Cl—、水的重吸收，同时促进K+分泌。
2．细胞兴奋的标志是A．反射活动B．动作电位C．分泌活动D．收缩力E．张力正确答案：B解析：兴奋性是活组织或细胞对刺激产生反应的能力，这是生理学对兴奋性的最早的定义。
反射活动是神经调节的最基本方式。
在近代生理学中，兴奋性被理解为组织或细胞对刺激产生动作电位的能力。
收缩和分泌是细胞兴奋以后产生的结果。
张力是物质的机械特性。
3．静息电位等于A．钠离子的平衡电位B．钾离子的平衡电位C．氯离子的平衡电位D．钙离子的平衡电位E．镁离子的平衡电位正确答案：B解析：细胞静息时，膜主要允许K+通过，细胞内K+浓度高，沿化学梯度向外扩散，K+带的正电荷使膜外电位升高，形成的电场阻碍K+向外扩散。
当化学梯度的驱动力与电场的阻力相等时，没有K+的跨膜净移动，此时的跨膜电位不再改变，即是静息电位。
接近于K+的平衡电位。
4．属于继发性主动转运的是A．氧气B．钾离子C．氯离子D．脂肪酸E．葡萄糖正确答案：E解析：葡萄糖、氨基酸在小肠细胞的吸收属于继发性主动重吸收(与Na+的重吸收相关联)，继发性主动转运所需的能量是其他溶质顺电化学梯度转运时释放的。
5．以神经调节为主的生理过程A．体重稳定B．减压反射C．胃液分泌D．肾血流量稳定E．血糖稳定正确答案：B解析：减压反射指颈动脉窦和主动脉弓压力感受性反射。
当动脉血压升高时，这一反射过程引起的效应是使血压下降，故称减压反射。
所以减压反射是神经调节。
6．胸内负压形成的主要机理是A．两层胸膜紧贴在一起运动B．胸廓扩大缩小运动C．肺弹性回缩D．肺内大气压的变化E．呼吸肌舒缩活动正确答案：C解析：胸内压即胸腔内的压力。
同等学力英语历年真题及答案(十三年真题库2015-2003)
2015年同等学力英语考试真题Part I Oral Communication(10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneDo you know what a handicapped space is ?The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs.Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.Clerk: Well, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have aspecial permit. Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?Student: Yes ,I have seen those signs.Clerk: 3Dialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.B. May I have your driver’s license, please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?Student: Excuse me, I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter.Student: Thank you. I’ll do it right now.Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student : Here it is.Librarian : You seem to have filled the form out all right.___5___Student : Yes. I know what to do.Librarian : ____6____Student : OK . I see.Librarian : Thank you for joining the library, we look forward to serving you.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D , taken from the interview . Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A . And fooled the boys for a while.B . And I don’t think the boys have minded.C. Well , it’s because my British publisher.D . All this time I thought you were ‘J.K’.Winfrey : So , this is the first time we’ve met.Rowling : Yes ,it is .Winfrey : And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____7____Rowling : (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey : J.K is …Rowling : ____8_____ When the first book came out , they thought ‘ this is a book that will appeal to boys ’ ,but they didn’t want the boys to know a woman had written it . So they said to me ‘ could we use your initials ’ and I said ‘ fine ’. I only have one initial. I don’t have a middle name , So I took my favorite grandmother’s name, Kathleen.Winfrey : ____9_____Rowling : Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.Winfrey : ___10____Rowling : NO—it hasn’t held me back, has it?Part II Vocabulary(10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.There are several different options for getting Internet access.A. choicesB. definitionsC. channelsD. reasons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.A. mineralsB. substancesC. gasesD. beams13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile attitude toward customers.A. unfriendlyB. optimisticC. impatientD. positive Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.A. reviseB. implementC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.A. arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.A. take outB. turn overC. track downD. put in17. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. worsenedD. changed18. I couldn’t afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.A. alsoB. nonethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.A. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. exceptI prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowing a small bone.A. intentionallyB. unexpectedlyC. anxiouslyD. hurriedlyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.Martin, 68, a retired detective from New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist(慈善家) from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more I trained, the better I got,” Curran said,” but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment.”Eventually, they worked up to running marathons(马拉松）（and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate - milestone; running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,” which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. There trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging ,are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.“In the beginning, running was enough ,”said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. “The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous. Hence, the search for new adventures began.”“No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,”said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon Tours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula: 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requirements of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a philanthropic activityD. get away from his sadness22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performanceD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .A. challenging runcationsB. professional racesC. Antarctica travel marketD. expensive toursThe classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide enough challengeB. it may be tough and dangerousC. it involves too fierce a competitionD. it has attracted too many people25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that .A. international cooperation is a must to such an eventB. runcations are expensive and physically challengingC. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD. adventurous running has become increasingly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis”is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent.”Itdescribes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .A. they could take the place of the students’ parentsB. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The students.28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “”.A. extreme behaviorsB. violation of lawsC. strong disagreementD. Wrong doings29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State College_____A. had no right to expel the studentsB. was justified to have expelled the studentsC. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily lifeD. should support civil rights demonstrations30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents”_____A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administratorsB. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and studyC. care less about their children’s education than beforeD. have different opinions on their children’s educationPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural word. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything –at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The resultsshowed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.31. What does the author try to emphasize in Paragraph 1?A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.D. Plants can communicate with each other.32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______A. how plants receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why plants spread chemical information to their neighborsC. how many types of plants release compounds into the airD. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______A. placed separately but connected through airB. exposed to different kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartment34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest35.What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of PlantsB. Plant WorldC. Talking PlantsD. Plant Bug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month. The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that are already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.A proposal by Vancouver’s mayor seeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be made to 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more “seabus”ferry crossings between Vancouver and its wealthy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain, the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C＄7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year traffic upgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-important if Vancouver wants to maintain its reputation for being a destination others want to go to.” He says.36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .A. increasing congestionB. climate changeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by residentsbecause .A. they do not want more people to move inB. they are reluctant to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their financial burdens38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous transport companiesB. local residents’ complaints about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public transportD. worsening traffic congestion40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .A. will solve the traffic problemB. will benefit local economyC. satisfies the transport companyD. deserves public supportSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half after Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola’s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America’s thirst for Diet Coke is running dry again—and this time it could be for good.The diet soda slowdown isn’t merely an American thing—it’s also happening worldwide. But the future of diet colas is particularly cloudy in the United States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers . The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). “Consumers’ attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.” said Howard Telford, an industry analyst. “There’s a very negative perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.”Comment 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether.I honestly think soda is addictive and I’m happy not to be drinking it anymore.Comment 2Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of soft drinks. Comment 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comment4This is a silly and shallow piece. The reason for the fall off is simply the explosion in consumption of bottled waters and energy drinks.Comment5As people learn more about health and wellness they will consume less sugar, less soda, less artificial sweeteners.41.What do we Know about diet soda sale?A. It began to undergo a gradual drop starting from 2000.B. It was on the decline since the 1990s but is on the rise now.C. It reached its peak in the 2000s but began to drop since then.D. It has been decreasing since the 1990s.42.What does the author think of the prospects of diet soda sale?A. It will continue to drop.B. It will get better soon.C. It is hard to say for sure.D. It may have ups and downs.43.Which comment gives a personal reason for quitting diet colas?ment5.ment4.ment3.ment1.Which comment supports the author’s point of view?A. Comment2.B. Comment3.C. Comment4.D. Comment5.Which comments disagree with the author on the author on the cause of soda sale slowdown?A. Comment3 and Comment5.B. Comment2 and Comment4.C. Comment1 and Comment4.D. Comment2 and Comment3.Part IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D. choose the best answer for each blank an mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.When asked about the impact of disturbing news on children, one mother said :“My 11-year-old daughter doesn’t like watching the news. she has __46__ about what she has seen. One time, she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife. That night she dreamed that she too was being killed.”Another interviewee said:“My six-year-old niece saw reports of tornadoes(龙卷风)from elsewhere in the country. For weeks 47 , she was terrified. She 48 call me on the phone, convinced that a tornado was coming her way and that she was going to die.”Do you think disturbing news report can frighten children? In one survey，nearly 40 percent of parents said that their children had been 49 by something they saw in the news and that. 50 ，the children had feared that a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones. Why? One factor is that children often 51 the news differently from adults. For example, small children may believe that a 52 that is broadcast repeatedly is really happening repeatedly.A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a child’s 53 of the world. True, we live in “critical times hard to 54 .”But repeated exposure to disturbing news report can cause children to develop lasting fears.“Children who watch a lot of TV news 55 to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is.”observes the Kaiser Family Foundation .A.thoughtsB.nightmaresC.ideasD.picturesA.afterwardB.agoC.beforeterA.shouldB.mightC.couldD.wouldA.boredB.angeredC.upsetD.disappointedA.in no timeB.by all meansC.all the moreD.as a resultA.tellB.interpretC.narrateD.treat52.A.tragedy edy C.play D. drama53. A. imagination B.view C. sight D.look54.A.give up B.stick to C.deal with D.set town55.A.prefer B.turn e D.tendPart V Text Completion（20 points）Directions: In this part ,there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging from 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases . Second use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer SheetText OneangriergettingactionPhrases:which makes you 56like 57 any compensationto take any 58Picture this situation: you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take it back to complain. You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem. They say they cannot help you, 59 , to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant. This will do you no favours , 60 ,or even your money back. If you go directly to the first person you see. you may be wasting your time as they may be powerless 61 . So the important lesson to be learnt is to make sure firstly that you are speaking to the relevantperson the one who has the authority to make decisions.Text Twothe smalleras much asup to a yearmore likelyPhrases:A.20% 62 to feel happyB.63 the physical distance between friendsC. but not 64 happinessD. lasted for 65The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves. And 66 ,the larger the effect they had on each other’s happiness.For example, a person was 67 if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by 34%. The effects of friends’ happiness 68 .The researchers found that happiness really is contagious(传染的). Sadness also spread among friends, 69 .Text ThreeA. later regrettedB. spendingC. tend toPhrases:remember past impulse purchases that you 70you may 71 purchase on impulse.Keep 72 under controlIn addition to the external pressure we face from marketing, our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending .Here are some suggestions to help you 73 .First, resist your impulse buying .Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a bargain? If so, 74 .To resist, slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying, owning, and maintaining what you are planning to buy. Stop and 75 .Give yourself a “cool down” period before making your final decision.Paper Two（50 minutes）Part VI Translation（10 points）Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Should work be placed among the causes of happiness or be regarded as a burden? Much work is exceedingly tiresome, and an excess of work causes stress and even disease. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even boring work is less harmful than idleness. We sometimes feel a little relief from work; at other times work gives us delight. These feelings arise according to the type of work we are doing and our ability to do that work. Work fills many hours of the day and removes the need to decide what one should do.Part VII Writing （15 points）Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: How can we contribute to the environmental protection? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.环境保护已成为我们共同的责任。
2015年同等学力教育学真题解析
新阳光教育2015年教育学试卷真题解析一、单项选择题1．教育学成为一门独立学科的标志性著作（ ）。
A ．《普通教育学》B ．《论演说家的教育》C ．《民本主义与教育》D ．《大教学论》答案：D解析：教育学原理—教育学的历史与未来（P13）。
1632年，夸美纽斯出版的《大教学论》是教育学形成一门独立学科的标志，该书被认为是近代第一本系统的教育学著作。
2．学校产生于（ ）。
A ．原始社会B ．奴隶社会C ．封建社会D ．资本主义社会 答案：B 解析：教育学原理—教师、学生与学校（P97）。
人类最早的学校出现在公元前2500年的埃及，我国的学校产生于商代。
欧洲学校的出现大概是在公元前8—公元前7世纪。
3．教育在人的发展中起（ ）。
A ．物质基础作用B ．主导作用C ．决定作用D ．发展作用 答案：B 解析：教育学原理—教育、社会与人（P42）。
人的身心发展受多种因素制约，概括起来主要有遗传、环境和教育。
与遗传、环境相比，教育在人的发展中起主导作用。
4．抨击现代学校的弊端，提出了著名的“非学校化社会”的思想教育家（ ） 。
A ．杜威B ．伊里奇C ．布迪尔D ．鲍尔斯与金帝斯答案：B解析：教育学原理—教师、学生与学校（P100）。
伊里奇更猛烈地抨击了现代学校的种种弊端，提出了著名的“非学校化社会”的思想，号召人们废除现代学校，代之以人人平等、自由、自律、自助、愉快交往的“学习网络”。
5．在一定教学思想和教学理论指导下建立起来的教学活动结构框架和活动程序是（ ）。
A ．教学评价 B ．教学模式C ．教学期望D ．教学过程答案：B解析：教育学原理—教学（P134）。
教学模式指在一定教学思想或教学理论指导下建立起来的较为稳定的教学活动结构框架和活动程序。
教学模式既是教学理论的具体化，又是教学经验的一种系统概括。
新阳光教育6．提出要解放儿童“头脑、双手、眼睛、嘴、空间、时间的六大解放”的教育家（ ）。
A ．杨贤江B ．黄炎培C ．陶行知D ．陈鹤琴答案：C解析：中外教育史—中国教育思想的发展和演变（P219）。
2015年在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied. Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services. Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents”. They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26．Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because______.A．they could take the place of the students’ parentsB．parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC．this was a tradition established by British collegesD．college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults正确答案：D解析：细节题。
2014年同等学力法学综合真题答案与解析
2014年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平考试法学试卷参考答案与解析注：此真题解析是根据学员提供的主观题而整理二、名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1、法律权利反映一定物质生活条件所制约的行为自由，是法律所允许的权利人为了满足自己的利益而采取的，由其他人的法律义务所保证的法律手段。
2、非眚指的是故意，在西周时期已经区分故意犯罪与过失犯罪，对故意犯罪从重处罚。
3、人民代表大会制度是指拥有国家权力的我国人民根据民主集中制原则，通过民主选举组成全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会，并以人民代表大会为基础，建立全部国家机构，对人民负责，受人民监督，以实现人民当家作主的政治制度。
4、食品监管渎职罪是指负有食品安全管理职责的国家机关工作人员，滥用职权或者玩忽职守，导致发生重大食品安全事故或者造成其他严重后果的行为。
5、缔约过失责任是指在合同订立的过程中，一方因过错而违背其基于诚实信用原则所应负的先合同义务，导致合同不成立、无效或者被撤销，因此给他方造成信赖利益的损失，过错一方依法应承担赔偿责任。
三、简答题（每题5分，共15分）1、责任法定原则的基本要求法律责任是由于责任主体违反法定或约定的义务而必须承担的具有直接强制性的特定义务。
法律责任认定与归结的原则主要有责任法定原则、因果关系原则、责任相当原则和责任公正原则，其中责任法定原则的基本要求有：（1）作为一种否定性法律后果，法律责任的种类由法律预先规定；（2）法律责任的性质、范围、程度、期限、方式等由法律预先规定；（3）法律责任的追究主体、承担主体也需由法律预先规定。
2、准五服以制罪服制是中国传统社会以丧服为标志，区分亲属的范围和等级的制度。
《晋律》与《北齐律》相继确立了“准五服制罪”的制度。
按服制依亲属远近关系分为斩衰、齐衰、大功、小功、缌麻五等。
服制不但用以确定继承与赡养等权利义务关系，同时也是亲属相犯时确定刑罚轻重的依据。
如斩衰亲服制最高，尊长犯卑幼减免处罚，卑幼犯尊长加重处罚。
同等学力英语历年真题及答案(十三年真题库2015-2003)
（消息来自学位中心官微解读）2015年同等学力英语考试真题Part I Oral Communication(10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneDo you know what a handicapped space is ?The signs always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.Then you also need to be aware of the time limits on the street signs.Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk: Are you driving a motorcycle or an automobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.Clerk: Well, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped sign, do not park there unless you have aspecial permit. Are you going to be parking in the daytime or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk: 2 Have you seen those signs?Student: Yes ,I have seen those signs.Clerk: 3Dialogue TwoA. The hours and limitations are printed on the card and this handout.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）B. May I have your driver’s license, please?C. Are you familiar with our rules and fines?Student: Excuse me, I am interested in getting a library card.Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter. Student: Thank you. I’ll do it right now.Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student : Here it is.Librarian : You seem to have filled the form out all right.___5___Student : Yes. I know what to do.Librarian : ____6____Student : OK . I see.Librarian : Thank you for joining the library, we look forward to serving you.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D , taken from the interview . Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A . And fooled the boys for a while.B . And I don’t think the boys have minded.C. Well , it’s because my British publisher.D . All this time I thought you were ‘J.K’.Winfrey : So , this is the first time we’ve met.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）Rowling : Yes ,it is .Winfrey : And my producers tell me that your real name is J.O.____7____Rowling : (laughing) Yeah.Winfrey : J.K is …Rowling : ____8_____ When the first book came out , they thought ‘ this is a book that will appeal to boys ’ ,but they didn’t want the boys to know a woman had written it . So they said to me ‘ could we use your initials ’ and I said ‘ fine ’. I only have one initial. I don’t have a middle name , So I took my favorite grandmother’s name, Kathleen.Winfrey : ____9_____Rowling : Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I was a man anymore.Winfrey : ___10____Rowling : NO—it hasn’t held me back, has it?Part II Vocabulary(10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.There are several different options for getting Internet access.A. choicesB. definitionsC. channelsD. reasons12. Earth has an atmosphere, which protects the surface from harmful rays.A. mineralsB. substancesC. gasesD. beams13. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her hostile attitude toward customers.A. unfriendlyB. optimisticC. impatientD. positive同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）Since it is late to change my mind now, I am resolved to carry out the plan.A. reviseB. implementC. reviewD. improve15. Security guards dispersed the crowd that had gathered around the Capitol.A. arrestedB. stoppedC. scatteredD. watched16. To start the program, insert the disk and follow the instructions.A. take outB. turn overC. track downD. put in17. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since last night.A. improvedB. returnedC. worsenedD. changed18. I couldn’t afford to fly home, and a train ticket was likewise beyond my means.A. alsoB. nonethelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise19. Despite years of searching, scientists have detected no signs of life beyond our own solar system.A. withinB. besidesC. outsideD. exceptI prefer chicken to fish because I am worried about accidentally swallowing a small bone.A. intentionallyB. unexpectedlyC. anxiouslyD. hurriedlyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran.Martin, 68, a retired detective from New York City, took up running after his first wife died.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）Curran, 46, a philanthropist(慈善家) from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more I trained, the better I got,” Curran said,” but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment.”Eventually, they worked up to running marathons(马拉松）（and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate - milestone; running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents.They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,” which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. There trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging ,are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry.“In the beginning, running was enough ,”said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. “The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous. Hence, the search for new adventures began.”“No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today,”said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon Tours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island. Off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula: 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .A. meet requirements of his jobB. win a running raceC. join in a philanthropic activityD. get away from his sadness22. Martin and Curran are mentioned as good examples of .同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continentsB. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activityC. running racers satisfied with their own performanceD. old people who live an active life after retirement23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development of .A. challenging runcationsB. professional racesC. Antarctica travel marketD. expensive toursThe classic marathon no longer satisfies some people because .A. it does not provide enough challengeB. it may be tough and dangerousC. it involves too fierce a competitionD. it has attracted too many people25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that .A. international cooperation is a must to such an eventB. runcations are expensive and physically challengingC. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD. adventurous running has become increasingly popularPassage TwoBefore the 1970s, college students were treated as children. So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco parentis”is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent.”It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in 1913.Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule.In loco parentis meant that male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students who were being punished for political and social dissent.In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who took part in a civil rights demonstration. They sued the school and won. After that it became harder and harder to defend in loco parentis.At that time, students were not considered adults until 21. Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied.Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of educational services.Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today’s parents, he says, are often heavily involved in students’lives. They are known as “helicopter parents.”They always seem to hover over their children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is not being wasted.26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis system because .A. they could take the place of the students’ parentsB. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their childrenC. this was a tradition established by British collegesD. college students were regarded as too young to be treated as adults同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）27. Who won the case of Gott versus Berea College in 1913?A. Berea College.B. Gott.C. It was a win-win case.D. The students.28. The word “dissent”(Para.5) probably means “”.A. extreme behaviorsB. violation of lawsC. strong disagreementD. Wrong doings29. In 1960，the court ruled that Alabama State College_____A. had no right to expel the studentsB. was justified to have expelled the studentsC. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily lifeD. should support civil rights demonstrations30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter parents”_____A. don’t set their hearts at rest with college administratorsB. keep a watchful eye on their children’s life and studyC. care less about their children’s education than beforeD. have different opinions on their children’s educationPassage ThreeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural word. They don’t move, they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to respond to anything –at least not very quickly. But as is often the case, our human view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to 同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）tomatoes, release compounds into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose—to spread information about one plant’s disease so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They have identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(侵害) by common pest, the cutworm caterpillar(毛虫). To start out, they grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube. One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the caterpillar-killing Hex Vic. Researchers confirmed that uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. For now though, we know that plants not only communicate, they look out for one another.31. What does the author try to emphasize in Paragraph 1?A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.D. Plants can communicate with each other.32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is ______同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）A. how plants receive and handle the signals from their neighborsB. why plants spread chemical information to their neighborsC. how many types of plants release compounds into the airD. whether plants send chemical warnings to their neighbors33. The tomato plants in the experiment were ______A. placed separately but connected through airB. exposed to different kinds of pestsC. exposed to the pest at the same timeD. placed together in a closed compartment34. The experiment shows that the infested plant helps its neighbors by ______A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pestB. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn themC. letting them know how to produce Hex VicD. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest35.What may be the best title for the passage?A. Survival of PlantsB. Plant WorldC. Talking PlantsD. Plant Bug KillerPassage FourVancouver is the best place to live in the Americas, according to a quality-of-life ranking published earlier this month. The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air, spacious homes and weekend possibilities of sailing and skiing. But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening congestion(拥挤).Over the next three decades, another I million residents are expected to live in the Greater Vancouver region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that are already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million residents.A proposal by Vancouver’s mayor seeks to prevent the worsening conditions. Upgrades would be made to 2,300 kilometres of road lanes, as well as bus routes and cycle paths. Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There would be more trains and more同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）“seabus”ferry crossings between Vancouver and its wealthy northern suburbs. To get all that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax, from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is needed. Confined by mountains to the north, the United States to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Vancouver has spread in the only direction where there is still land, into the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly farmland. The road is often overcrowded.Yet commuters’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed their dislike of congestion. TransLink, which runs public transport in the region, is unloved by taxpayers. Passengers blame it when Skytrain, the light-rail system, comes to a standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as happened twice in one week last summer, leaving commuters stuck in carriages with nothing to do but expressing their anger on Twitter. That sort of thing has made voters less willing to pay the C＄7.5 billion in capital spending that the ten-year traffic upgrade would involve.Despite the complaints, Vancouver’s transport system is a decent, well-integrated one on which to build, reckons Todd Litman, a transport consultant who has worked for TransLink. “These upgrades are all-important if Vancouver wants to maintain its reputation for being a destination others want to go to.” He says.36. The biggest problem threatening Vancouver as a liveable city is .A. increasing congestionB. climate changeC. shortage of landD. lack of money37. The upgrade proposal by Vancouver’s mayor may be turned down by residents because .A. they do not want more people to move inB. they are reluctant to move to new placesC. upgrades would take away their living spaceD. upgrades would add to their financial burdens38. The only direction for Vancouver to further expand is towards .A. the eastB. the westC. the southD. the north同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）39. TransLink is mentioned (Para.4) as an example of .A. world famous transport companiesB. local residents’ complaints about the bureaucratsC. local effort to improve public transportD. worsening traffic congestion40. According to Todd Litman, the upgrade proposal .A. will solve the traffic problemB. will benefit local economyC. satisfies the transport companyD. deserves public supportSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Towards the end of the 1990s, more than a decade and a half after Diet Coke was first introduced, sale of Coca Cola’s best-selling low caloric drink appeared to slow down.However, in the decade that followed, diet sodas grew by more than 30 percent. In 2009, sales pushed above $8.5 billion for the first time. But America’s thirst for Diet Coke is running dry again—and this time it could be for good.The diet soda slowdown isn’t merely an American thing—it’s also happening worldwide. But the future of diet colas is particularly cloudy in the United States.Low calorie sodas are fighting a hard battle against not one but two trends among American consumers . The first is that overall soda consumption has been on the decline since before 2000. Diet sodas, though they might come sugar- and calorie-free, are still sodas, something Americans are proving less and less interested in drinking.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）The second, and perhaps more significant trend, is a growing mistrust of artificial sweeteners(甜味剂). “Consumers’ attitudes towards sweeteners have really changed.” said Howard Telford, an industry analyst. “There’s a very negative perception about artificial sweeteners. The industry is still trying to get its head around this.”Comment 1Add me to the number of people addicted to diet colas who quit drinking soda altogether.I honestly think soda is addictive and I’m happy not to be drinking it anymore.Comment 2Perhaps the slowdown has something more to do with the skyrocketing cost of soft drinks. Comment 3I LOVE diet drinks! Am I unhealthy? Who knows? I guarantee I have a better physique than most 43-year-old men.Comment4This is a silly and shallow piece. The reason for the fall off is simply the explosion in consumption of bottled waters and energy drinks.Comment5As people learn more about health and wellness they will consume less sugar, less soda, less artificial sweeteners.41.What do we Know about diet soda sale?A. It began to undergo a gradual drop starting from 2000.B. It was on the decline since the 1990s but is on the rise now.C. It reached its peak in the 2000s but began to drop since then.D. It has been decreasing since the 1990s.42.What does the author think of the prospects of diet soda sale?A. It will continue to drop.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）B. It will get better soon.C. It is hard to say for sure.D. It may have ups and downs.43.Which comment gives a personal reason for quitting diet colas?ment5.ment4.ment3.ment1.Which comment supports the author’s point of view?A. Comment2.B. Comment3.C. Comment4.D. Comment5.Which comments disagree with the author on the author on the cause of soda sale slowdown?A. Comment3 and Comment5.B. Comment2 and Comment4.C. Comment1 and Comment4.D. Comment2 and Comment3.Part IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D. choose the best answer for each blank an mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.When asked about the impact of disturbing news on children, one mother said :“My 11-year-old daughter doesn’t like watching the news. she has __46__ about what she has seen. One time, she watched a report about a person who killed a family member with a knife. That night she dreamed that she too was being killed.”Another interviewee said:“My six-year-old niece saw reports of tornadoes(龙卷风)from elsewhere in the country. For weeks 47 , she was terrified. She 48 call me on the phone, convinced that a tornado was coming her way and that she was going to die.”Do you think disturbing news report can frighten children? In one survey，nearly 40 percent of parents said that their children had been 49 by something they saw in the news and that. 50 ，the children had feared that a similar event would happen to them or their loved ones. Why? One factor is that children often 51 the news differently from adults.同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）For example, small children may believe that a 52 that is broadcast repeatedly is really happening repeatedly.A second factor is that daily reports of disturbing events can distort a child’s 53 of the world. True, we live in “critical times hard to 54 .”But repeated exposure to disturbing news report can cause children to develop lasting fears.“Children who watch a lot of TV news 55 to overestimate the occurrence of crime and may perceive the world to be a more dangerous place than it actually is.”observes the Kaiser Family Foundation .A.thoughtsB.nightmaresC.ideasD.picturesA.afterwardB.agoC.beforeterA.shouldB.mightC.couldD.wouldA.boredB.angeredC.upsetD.disappointedA.in no timeB.by all meansC.all the moreD.as a resultA.tellB.interpretC.narrateD.treat52.A.tragedy edy C.play D. drama53. A. imagination B.view C. sight D.look54.A.give up B.stick to C.deal with D.set town55.A.prefer B.turn e D.tendPart V Text Completion（20 points）Directions: In this part ,there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Ranging from 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases . Second use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer SheetText Oneangrier同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）gettingactionPhrases:which makes you 56like 57 any compensationto take any 58Picture this situation: you have bought a faulty item from a shop and you take it back to complain. You go directly to the shop assistant and tell them your problem. They say they cannot help you, 59 , to the point perhaps where you start insulting the poor shop assistant. This will do you no favours , 60 ,or even your money back. If you go directly to the first person you see. you may be wasting your time as they may be powerless 61 . So the important lesson to be learnt is to make sure firstly that you are speaking to the relevant person the one who has the authority to make decisions.Text Twothe smalleras much asup to a yearmore likelyPhrases:A.20% 62 to feel happyB.63 the physical distance between friendsC. but not 64 happiness同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）D. lasted for 65The new study found that friends of happy people had a greater chance of being happy themselves. And 66 ,the larger the effect they had on each other’s happiness.For example, a person was 67 if a friend living within one and a half kilometers was also happy. Having a happy neighbor who lived next door increased an individual’s chance of being happy by 34%. The effects of friends’ happiness 68 .The researchers found that happiness really is contagious(传染的). Sadness also spread among friends, 69 .Text ThreeA. later regrettedB. spendingC. tend toPhrases:remember past impulse purchases that you 70you may 71 purchase on impulse.Keep 72 under controlIn addition to the external pressure we face from marketing, our own feelings and habits can contribute to excessive spending .Here are some suggestions to help you 73 .First, resist your impulse buying .Do you enjoy the excitement of shopping and finding a 同等学力英语(2016)最后1年有30分漏洞手机关注V信号chinadegreecenter可获漏洞破拆课+考前内部密卷（消息来自学位中心官微解读）bargain? If so, 74 .To resist, slow down and think realistically about the long-term consequences of buying, owning, and maintaining what you are planning to buy. Stop and 75 .Give yourself a “cool down” period before making your final decision.Paper Two（50 minutes）Part VI Translation（10 points）Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Should work be placed among the causes of happiness or be regarded as a burden? Much work is exceedingly tiresome, and an excess of work causes stress and even disease. I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even boring work is less harmful than idleness. We sometimes feel a little relief from work; at other times work gives us delight. These feelings arise according to the type of work we are doing and our ability to do that work. Work fills many hours of the day and removes the need to decide what one should do.Part VII Writing （15 points）Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: How can we contribute to the environmental protection? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.环境保护已成为我们共同的责任。
2014年在职(同等学力)考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年在职（同等学力）考研西医综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. A1型题 2. A2型题 3. B1型题 4. X型题1．以单纯扩散方式通过细胞膜的物质是A．CO2B．Na+C．K+D．氨基酸E．葡萄糖正确答案：A解析：人体内靠单纯扩散方式进出细胞膜的物质不多，比较肯定的有氧气和二氧化碳等气体分子。
2．细胞外浓度高于细胞内浓度的离子不包括A．Na+B．K+C．Ca2+D．HCO3—E．Cl—正确答案：B解析：正常时，细胞内的K+浓度高于细胞外，而细胞外Na+浓度高于细胞内。
3．神经一肌肉接头传递信息的递质是A．肾上腺素B．去甲肾上腺素C．γ一氨基丁酸D．5一羟色胺E．ACh正确答案：E解析：神经末梢兴奋到达，使接头前膜发生除极→膜对Ca2+通透性增加→膜外Ca2+内流→神经末梢释放递质(ACh)→ACh通过接头间接扩散到接头后膜(终板膜)并与N型受体结合→终板膜对Na+、K+(以Na+为主)通透性升高→产生终板电位(终板膜产生的局部除极电位)→使周围肌膜达到阈电位→肌细胞产生动作电位(肌膜兴奋)。
4．细胞受到刺激而发生兴奋时，细胞膜首先发生A．极化B．去极化C．超极化D．复极化E．反极化正确答案：B解析：刺激能否引起组织兴奋，取决于刺激能否使该组织细胞的静息电位去极化达到某一临界值。
一旦去极化达到这一临界值时，细胞膜上的电压门控Na+通道大量被激活，膜对Na+的通透性突然增大，Na+大量内流，造成膜的进一步去极化。
而膜的进一步去极化，又导致更多的Na+通道开放，有更多的Na+内流，这种正反馈式的相互促进(或称为再生性循环)，使膜迅速、自动地去极化，直至接近Na+平衡电位水平，这个过程才停止，从而形成了动作电位的上升支。
5．属于单突触反射的是A．肌紧张B．屈肌反射C．对侧伸肌反射D．翻正反射E．腱反射正确答案：E解析：腱反射是指快速牵拉肌腱时发生的牵张反射。
如膝反射、跟腱反射。
腱反射为单突触反射，传入神经纤维经背根进入脊髓后，直达前角与前角运动神经元构成突触。
2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案
2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12014 Same Ability Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Test Questions and AnswersPart I Dialogue InterpretationDirections: The sentence pairs below are closely related and always discuss the same topic. After reading the two sentences, you may choose to omit the information they convey and the reasoning method for it, and select the correct answer from the four choices.1. Speaker A: I heard that Professor Smith got promoted last week.Speaker B: He did. Did you know that he has been working at the university for over 20 years? He really deserves it.Q: What do you know from Speaker B's response to Speaker A?A. Professor Smith has been at the university for a long time.B. Professor Smith has worked hard and finally gotten a promotion.C. Professor Smith is the oldest professor at the university.D. Professor Smith is the most popular professor at the university.2. Speaker A: Can you believe that Anna broke up with Mark?Speaker B: Oh, I know. I always thought they were the perfect couple.Q: What does Speaker B imply about Anna and Mark?A. Anna and Mark have been together for a long time.B. Anna and Mark are no longer a couple.C. Anna and Mark are happy together.D. Anna and Mark are a famous couple.......Part II Reading ComprehensionDirection: This part consists of 4 passages. After reading each passage, answer the questions or complete the statements that follow it.Passage 1The year 1848 brought political revolution and economic migration to Europe. The clinic and hospital in Vienna where Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis worked was one destination for those forced over Europe.Dr. Semmelweis had been born in Hungary in 1818, had entered medical school in Vienna in 1837, and had become a doctor in 1844. The Viennese clinic where Dr. Semmelweis worked was caught in the current of professional careers and economic migration that steered thousands of young doctors to Vienna from other parts of Europe. Chief residents such as Semmelweis had to compete for promotion and the attention of the professors who distributed favors and resources.This intense collective ambition, this jostling and networking, created the vital organizational networks that drove Vienna to the medical pinnacle of Europe. But such headlong, disorganized pursuit of professional allegiance and social advancement led to inevitable error, as the cause of this first medical tragedy soon became clear.1. In 1848, Europe witnessed _____.a. a political revolutionb. a economic migrationc. a and bd. none of the above2. Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis ____.a. was born in Germanyb. entered medical school in Hungaryc. competed for promotiond. entered medical school in Budapest......Part III VocabularyDirection: Select the correct meaning of the underlined word or phrase in the sentence.1. The book is somewhat of a rarity, and it could fetch a high price at the auction.a. valueb. scarcityc. numberd. quality2. The old buildings were standing in defiance of the developer's plan to demolish them.a. obedienceb. supportc. protestd. agreement......Part IV TranslationDirection: Translate the following sentences into English.1. 他们正在进行一场生动的辩论，以寻找新的解决方案。
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米德冲突是指在许多情况下，单独使用支出调整政策或支出转换政策而同时追求内、外均衡两种目标的实现，将会导致一国内部均衡与外部均衡之间冲突。
6.在确定的未来某一时刻，按照确定的价格买卖（但不在交易所集中交易）一定数量的某种资产的协议是
A远期B期货C期权D互换
答案：A
7.根据最优货币区，最优货币区理论的条件包括：1）要素市场融合2）价格与工资弹性3）商品市场高度融合4）国际收支顺差5）宏观经济协调和政策融合6）金融市场融合
A 1）2）4）6）B 1）2）3）4）6）C 1）3）4）6）D 1）2）3）5）6）
答案：D
8国际收支表的经常账户包括
1）货物2）服务3）收入4）经常转移5）国际收支
A 1）2）3）B 1）2）3）4）C 1）2）3）4）5）D 1）2）4）5）
答案：C
最优货币区条件分析
最优货币区理论最初是在关于固定汇率制与浮动汇率制优劣的辩论中发展起来的。20世纪50年代，以米尔顿·弗里德曼为代表浮动汇率制的拥护者提出，一个国家如果价格和工资具有很强的刚性，那么保持宏观经济内外均衡的汇率制度应采用浮动汇率安排。固定汇率下，价格和工资的刚性将造成消除国际收支失衡的政策，要么导致通货膨胀，要么加剧失业。如果采用浮动汇率，本币对外汇率的变动将通过贸易条件和实际工资的改变来减轻资源重新配置的成本。由于现实世界中各国的价格和工资都存在着一定程度的刚性，因此人们大多认为不管经济条件如何，采用浮动汇率制的结果总是正面的，但最优货币区理论认为这是不对的。
2015年经济学同等学力硕士学位考试
一、选择题（2*8=16）
1.二元经济结构是指以为主的现代部门与以为主的传统部门并存，传统部门比重大，现代部门发展不足以及城乡明显的经济结构。
A高科技产业、低端制造业B资本密集型、劳动密集型
C城市工业、农村农业D先进产业、落后产业
答案：C
2.若正常品需求曲线向下倾斜，可能导致该商品需求D向右下移动至D’的因素包括：
3.金融市场融合。国际收支理论告诉我们，除了长期实际收益率的差异引发的资本流动，一般来讲，金融资本的转移不能无限维持结构失衡导致的国际收支赤字。但是，资本流入弥补贸易赤字的做法却可以延长经济结构调整的时间。在长期中，价格和工资的弹性以及货币区内生产要素的流动性会提高。因此，经济调整的成本会因金融交易高度融合而有所减少。资本流动调整经济失衡的另一个渠道是“财富效应”，贸易顺差地区同时也大多是资本流出的地区，即金融资产的净债权持有国，财富增加会提高人们的边际消费倾向，增加开支，这样将会减少本地区（本国）的收支盈余。与之相反，国际收支逆差国，也是净债务国，财富减少会使人们减少开支，从而有助于减少国际收支逆差。
如果上述区域内价格与工资是完全刚性的，则区域内各地区间收支不平衡的调整过程，将会使一个地区出现失业或另一个地区出现通货膨胀。在这种条件下，各地区间汇率的浮动，可以部分具有真实经济调整过程中工资和价格具有弹性时所起的作用。弗里德曼由现实生活中各国经济都带有不同程度的工资和价格刚性出发，得出了各国应采用浮动汇率制的结论。而蒙代尔等最优货币区理论的开创者则提出只要符合一定的条件，即使工资和价格无弹性，采用固定汇率制，也可达到经济的内外均衡。
答案：A
5.米德冲突是指
A一国如果希望同时达到内部均衡与外部均衡之间的目标，则必须同时运用支出调整政策和支出转换政策。
B要实现n个经济目标，必须具备n个政策工具。
C在某些情况下，单独使用支出调整政策（财政政策和货币政策），追求内外均衡将会导致一国内部均衡与外部均衡之间的冲突。
D在某些情况下，同时使用支出调整政策，追求内外均衡将会导致一国内部均衡与外部均衡之间的冲突。
1）该商品价格下降2)替代品价格3）互补品价格4）消费者收入5）消费者偏好发生变化
A 1）2）B 2) 3)C 3）4）D 4）5）
答案：D
3.不属于我国社保制度构成的内容
A社会保险B社会捐赠C社会福利D社会救济
答案：B
社会福利：国家依法为所有公民普遍提供旨在保证一定生活水平和尽可能提高生活质量的资金和服务的社保制度。
2.要素市场融合。蒙代尔关于最优货币区的定义是：内部要素充分流动（包括地区间和产业间劳动力、资本的流动），对外则生产要素完全不流动的区域。这样的区域可以采用单一货币或固定汇率来组成最优货币区。蒙代尔的论述是，组成货币区的两国在面对需求转移引致的收支失衡时，除了汇率政策外也还有其他的平衡机制，如生产要素的完全流动。若A、B两国组成一个货币区，两国货币比价固定或者采用了单一货币，那么当需求由B国产品转移到A国产品，则A国将出现通货膨胀，B国将出现失业。如果假设价格与工资完全无弹性，但两国劳动力可以自由流动，那么B国过剩的劳动力将转移到A国，在A国生产出更多产品，提高A国的供给水平，汇率便无须调整，真实经济的最终均衡可部分由生产要素的流动来实现。由于要素流动的速度一般较慢，它对于缓解长期、永久性需求转移造成的收支失衡将更有效，而对于短期、暂时的经济冲击而造成的收支失衡，如果仅通过生产要素在产业间或地区间的转移进行调节，区域内各地区仍将出现通货膨胀或者失业。
1.价格与工资弹性。价格和工资缺乏弹性的假定是弗里德曼建立浮动汇率制的立论基础。假设由一组国家或地区组成的区域，如果区域内价格和工资具有充足弹性，即工资和价格可以对市场供给、需求的变化做出及时、充分的反应，那么区域内各地区或国家应该采用固定汇率在彼此的货币间建立起相应的关系。因为价格和工资的完全弹性，即相对价格和工资的调整可使整个区域内的市场随时出清，从而使各地区间收支差额的平衡过程不会引起失业率上升，所以区域内（即地区间或国家间）汇率的浮动是不必要的。而且，通过固定汇率将整个区域联在一起还可以提高货币的有用性。
社会救：社会救助，对社会成员提供最低生活保障，扶危济贫。
社会捐赠：自然人、法人或其他社会团体出于爱心，自愿无偿地向公益性社会团体、公益性非赢利单位，某个群体或个人捐赠财产进行救助的活动。
4.不属于国债的功能：
1）弥补政府财政赤字2）替代私人投资3）调节经济4）筹集建设资金5）公开从事市场业务
A 2）B 5）C 1）D 5）