考研英语阅读精选
考研英语阅读题
题目2：Environmental Conservation Challenges
阅读材料：Environmental conservation faces numerous challenges, including climate change, loss of biodiversity, and overexploitation of resources. Climate change has led to an increase in extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and wildfires, which have devastating effects on the environment. Loss of biodiversity threatens the stability of ecosystems and the survival of numerous species. Overexploitation of resources, such as deforestation and overfishing, has led to the depletion of natural resources and the destruction of habitats. Despite these challenges, there are solutions to address them, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting endangered species, and promoting sustainable resource management. However, it requires global cooperation and individual actions to overcome these challenges and protect the environment.
考研英语阅读理解七篇经典文章解析
考研英语阅读理解七篇经典文章解析SEVEN SKILLS FOR QUALIFIED EMPLOYEES IN 21ST CENTURYTechnical and technological skills will take on greater importance. There will be a growing need for people who can understand and fix systems——from computer systems to product distribution systems to plumbing systems.Visionary skills will be in demand. The ability to gather and absorb a wide range of input, then use that knowledge, understanding, and perspective to guide organization into future, will be vital.Numbers and measurement will be important, of course, but smoothing the flow form month to month,from quarter to quarter will be essential for highly profitable long-term performance. Practically every company will have to move away from today's obsession with looking ahead only as far as the next financial reporting period.Ability to organize will definitely be important in the corporation of the future. Everywhere there will be a need to organize something: resources, workflow, marketing mix, financial opportunities, and much more, all will demand high levels of organization and reorganization.Persuasive skills will be used in many ways by the corporation of the future, themost-effective individuals will be those who know how to present information and ideas so that others can understand and support a particular position. Good salesmanship will be essential in many more interactions than we consider today, especially inside the organization.Communication skills——careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking,and accurate description——will be invaluable. In tomorrow's fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.Ability to learn will be above everything else in importance——empowering people to grow in effectiveness and help their companies achieve desired objectives. Some of this skill is innate, but many people enhance their ability to learn——and to relate different aspects of learning ——through college and university courses. We believe the liberal arts education experience will prove to be the most valuable type of education for tomorrow's leaders.The top employees of the coming century will be flexible, creative and motivated toward making a positive difference in the world. They will seek balance,growth and fulfillment in both their work and home environments. The corporation of the future must respond to these needs and desires; otherwise they will find themselves hampered by a lack of qualified people to accomplish the organization's work.译文：21世纪合格人材必备7大技能1.技术专长与创新能力——将更加重要。
考研英语阅读理解精读80篇
第三部分：阅读理解（每小题 2 分，满分40 分）（A）Nine years ago, after Leo had died, people said to me, "I never knew he was your stepfather." You see, I never called him that. At first, he was no one special in my life. Then he became my friend. In time, I felt he was also my father.Leo married my mother when I was eleven. Two years later we moved into a house in a new suburban（郊区的）development, where we put down roots. At first our lawn （草坪） was just a pile of mud with wild grass, but Leo saw bright possibilities. "We'll plant trees there to give us shade as well as some flowers," he said. And just these little touches made our house different from all the others. More important, a real family was forming within this house, with its own special traditions. Leo was becoming a fulltime parent, and I was learning what it meant to have a father.Weekday mornings when the weather was bad, Leo often drove me to school. Having a father drop you off may have been something my classmates took for granted, but I always thought it was wonderful. Saturday mornings, we went to the hardware（五金）shop, then stepped into the five and ten, buying a sports magazine or something else. Some people might think that doing shopping together is nothing special, but I, who had ever before spent my childhood watching other families do their everyday activities, experienced them now with extreme delight. Looking back, I realized that Leo gave me what I needed most, the experience of doing ordinary things together as a family.Soon after we moved to the suburbs, one of our new neighbors introduced herself to me. She had already met my mother and Leo. "You know," she said, "you look just like your father." I knew she was just making conversation but even so... "Thank you", I said. Why tell her anything different?56. The writer's purpose in writing this passage is _____ .A. to share her unforgettable experiencesB. to show how interesting a person Leo wasC. to remind us of our parentsD. to explain why they moved to the suburbs57. Which of the following can be used in place of "put down roots"?A. Settled.B. Planted.C. Farmed.D. Worked.58. In the writer's opinion, _____ .A. it is not easy for stepfamilies to live togetherB. not all the stepfathers are as good as LeoC. the husband and wife must think more about their children before they divorce（离婚）D. in stepfamilies the love and friendship are extremely precious59. When he said "Why tell her anything different", the writer meant that ____ .A. he should have told her the truthB. he wouldn't tell her the truthC. he wanted to tell her something that had nothing to do with LeoD. he'd like to keep silence whenever he met the neighbors（B）The modern Olympic Games were founded with the intention of improving health and education, promoting world peace, and encouraging fair and equal competition. But over the years, the Olympic saying, "faster, higher, stronger", has pushed scientists as well as athletes to do everything possible to reach new levels.Doctors, engineers and coaches all use everything science has to offer to achieve that little bit extra in competition. The reason modern technology has become part of sport is very simple: winning is just as important as it was 2,500 years ago at the Olympics of ancient Greece. Developments in technology have often been reflected in the methods of training and performance at the Olympics through history. This technology falls into two main groups: improving an athlete's performance in competition, and allowing results to be measured more accurately.One of the creations that has drawn the most attention is the new high-tech swimsuit from Speedo, which was used by many US swimmers in Athens. Until Sydney 2000, it was thought that the smaller the swimsuit, the faster the swimmer would travel."However, the fact that at the Sydney Olympics, 28 of the 33 gold medalists were wearing the body covering Fastskin suit proved the theory was out of date," said Andy Thomas, vice-president of Speedo.The company's full body suit is supposed to make swimmers 3 to 4 percent faster, particularly when turning or diving into the water. It is believed that the suit creates less water resistance as it moves, behaving more like a shark skin than a human skin.The introduction of high-tech equipment means that athletes in all sports, from the 100-metre sprint to the pole vault, can now train more effectively.Meanwhile, scientific development also means performances can be measured and studied more accurately. Not only are winning times more accurately recorded, but cheating athletes are easier to catch out. Athens 2004 organizers promised to use only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.60. Which is not the first aims of the modern Olympic Games?A. Improving health and education.B. Promoting world peace.C. Encouraging fair and equal competition.D. Winning medals.61. The reason modern technology has become part of sport is that people ___ .A. make every effort to win medalsB. do their best to invent new sports equipmentC. try to test their abilitiesD. want to improve their condition of competition62. From the passage we know ___ .A. before the Sydney Olympics people thought the less the swimmers wore, the faster they swamB. at the Sydney Olympics among 33 swimming and diving gold medalists, 28 wore the full body suit made by SpeedoC. people think the body covering swimsuit is not popularD. it is believed that the new high-tech suit creates no water resistance as it moves63. In the passage it mentions that high technology is involved in ____ aspects.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4(C)"Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell."This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unknown citizen who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it.We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can change our lives.But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?Picture this: You're rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How calm and happy do you feel?Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they lead simple lives.One family in the UK went "back in time" to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10 and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phones.The grandmother, Lyn, said: "It was hard physically. But not mentally." She believed life was less materialistic （物质的）. "The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes," she said. The boys said they fought less. Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer. Also Lyn changed from being a "fashionable, beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things."Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!· Don't be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don't check your emails every day.· Make sure you spend some time talking to your family. Set aside one evening a week when you don't turn on the television. Play cards and chat instead.· Get a low-tech hobby. Every day, do something in the old-fashioned way, such as walking to have a face-to-face meeting instead of using the email or telephone.· Don't worry too much about life -- laugh more!64. The passage is mainly about ______ .A. problems with technologyB. improvements of our life with technologyC. the important roles technology plays in our everyday lifeD. major changes which will be likely to happen to technology65. The writer uses the quote（引语） at the beginning of the story to ____ .A. share a truth about lifeB. tell us what life was like long time agoC. make us wonder what causes such a thing to happenD. point out that you experience some big problems and they may be the same66. Why did the family choose to spend some time in a 1940s house?A. Because they loved to live simple lives.B. Because they were curious about how people lived without modern inventions.C. Because they were troubled by modern inventions.D. Because living in a different time would be a lot of fun for them.67. What do you think the underlined word "available" in the 1st suggestion offered by the writer means?A. Busy on time.B. Free.C. Be able to.D. To be found by others.（D）It's great to go on vacation, but it's also nice to come home. Migrating （迁徙） birds seem to feel the same way. Birds such as black-tailed godwits, a migrating bird that can be found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and north Australia, fly south every winter. Then, they return home to spend the summer months with their life long partner.Now, scientists have found, pairs of godwits often return to their summer breeding （繁殖）grounds within three days of each other, even though they spend the entire winter apart. It's as if they arranged the date that they would meet up again.Researchers in England, put coloured leg bands on the birds. Then, they asked birdwatchers around Europe to report by email when and where they saw the birds during the winter.The simplest way for birds to return at the same time would be to spend the winter together. After all, if they're in different places, they can't call each other on the phone and talk about when they'll meet again. But, the survey found that couples usually spent their winters in different countries up to 1, 000 kilometres apart. One male, for example, spent the winter on the coast of Ireland while his mate was in France.These findings are important for protecting the birds, scientists say. Black-tailed godwits live for up to 25 years. They spend their summers in Iceland, where they mate, but they spread all over other parts of Europe in winter. Once a pair mates, there's a 90 per cent chance that they'll return to mate with each other again the next year. So, protection of their wide web of holiday destinations （目的地） is very important.How do the birds arrange their date of return? Unless scientists find their feathered cellphones, that question will remain a mystery.68. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Migrating birds all fly south every winter.B. Migrating birds return home in summer.C. Godwits often fly south in couples every winter.D. Godwits often return home almost at the same time.69. ___________________________________ According to the passage we know that .A. the birds return at the same time because they arrange the date before they partB. the couples don't spend their winters together because they want to live apart for some timeC. the birds use their special feathered cellphones to arrange their dateD. once two birds become a couple they are likely to mate again the next year70. ________________________________ We can infer from the passage that .A. black-tailed godwits are loyal to their matesB. black-tailed godwits return home only to spend their summersC. we know how to find and feed black-tailed godwitsD. we know why couples of godwits usually spend their winters in different places71. Which is the best title?A. How Birds Spend Their WintersB. How Birds Spend Their SummersC. Birds Come Back Home for LoveD. Birds Are to Be Protected(E)Nowadays, more and more lovers are using email to communicate with each other. The result: a new culture of love-letter writing has evolved and is rewriting the rules of how we express our love.Make no mistake: in many cases email love letters significantly resemble their ancestors. The verbal imagery has hardly changed. Experts believe, in fact, that far more people now carry out sweet talk in cyberspace than in the time before email came along. When people use email, everything is more relaxed, and less curious. This helps the sweet words flow.Nicola Doering, a media researcher, emphasizes that for many people contact over email is simpler: "The language is different in traditional letters; people tend to write more like they speak." This means that sometimes less thought goes into an email than a traditional love letter. Emails are more casual. This is obviously encouraging for many people.But for romantic emails, writers reach back to the language of poetry. "Your clear-blue eyes" is typical of the kind of phrase found in love letters. Moreover, at least one traditional symbol between lovers has made an outstanding comeback. Even in the love letters of the 19th century, one often found the letter X as a symbol of a kiss. Many paper love letters would have three X's at the bottom as closing. And this symbol is often used today between lovers in their email messages.In spite of all the technological advancement that email represents, classic love letters on paper still have a special meaning, the experts say. Ink on paper simply affects many people more strongly than lines on a computer screen. It appears more serious, more permanent, as if written for all time.Sometimes people want to have something to touch, a letter that you can hold in your hand is obviously better than an email.But Internet technology is ready to help even those with the courage to write a classic handwritten love letter. What stops many lovers from penning their most romantic thoughts is not a lack of good intentions but an inability to piece together a few sweet lines, says Thomas Neuss, the organizer of one Internet site devoted to romantic letters.72. The author strongly believes that _____ .A. email love letters are more significant than traditional onesB. email love letters are more convenient than traditional onesC. most email love letters copy sweet words from traditional onesD. most email love letters are quite similar to traditional ones73. In the second paragraph, the term "verbal imagery" refers to ___ .A. the oral workB. the sweet wordsC. the verb formD. their ancestor74. Which of the following is NOT the author's opinion on traditional love letters?A. They have a better effect.B. They aren't out of date.C. They are more reliable.D. They are more romantic.75. By showing that the letter X is popular in email love letters, the author intends to tell us .A. many people like using letters to express their loveB. traditional symbol between lovers has been popularC. the romantic expression is also employed in emailsD. the language in email love letters becomes simpler。
英语考研阅读文章精选
英语考研阅读文章精选英语阅读不仅是获取信息的重要途径,也是外语学习必须掌握的一个主要技能。
下面是店铺带来的英语考研阅读文章，欢迎阅读!英语考研阅读文章精选As many women know only too well, finding a dress that fits like a glove is no easy task.许多女人都很明白吧，想要找一条和手套一样合适的裙子可不是容易事。
But a new dress, created using a 3D printer, may be the answer to every woman's style woes.但是这条用3D打印机打印出来的新裙子，也许可以解决每个女人的时尚问题了。
A design studio have used 3D printing technology to create an innovative dress customised to a woman’s body.一件设计室已经可以用3D打印技术“制作”为女人量身订造创新型的裙子。
The dress, which costs a staggering £1,900 ($3,000) to print, features 2,279 printed panels interconnected by 3,316 hinges.这条裙子，出人意料的要花1900镑(3000美金)来打印，由3316条铰链连接2279块打印的图案。
Creators Nervous Systemcall it a ‘4D dress’ as, like fabric, the printed garment can go from a compressed object to its intended shape.创造者神经系统称其“4D裙子”，因为像织物一样，这件打印的衣服可以从一件被压扁的物件展开成你想要的形状。
考研英语一阅读理解真题大全
考研英语一阅读理解真题大全这类有很长同位语的的句子，其实就是纸老虎，目的就是为了打断我们的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，从而造成理解困难，应付这种语句，我们要先找出其主语，从整理上了解清晰，下文是我为你细心编辑整理的考研英语一阅读理解真题大全，盼望对你有所关心，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，感谢!考研英语一阅读理解真题大全1Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. V ocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.考研英语一阅读理解真题大全2TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embody a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families havesurvived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for anon-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-asnon-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals have most to fear because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs考研英语一阅读理解真题大全3Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2022. For the most part，the response has been favorable，to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini，a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise，however，is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini，who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times，calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez，that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part，I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure，he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，but it is not necessary for me to visit AveryFisher Hall，or anywhere else，to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf，or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time，attention，and money of the art-loving public，classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses，dance troupes，theater companies，and museums，but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap，available everywhere，and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances; moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new music has been widely noted：Alex Ross，a classical-music critic，has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different，more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text，which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic，the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.考研英语一阅读理解真题大全4Text 1In the 2022 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,HM, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For HM to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2022 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including HM, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.考研英语一文章到此就结束了，欢迎大家下载使用并丰富，共享给更多有需要的人。
研究生英语必读10篇短文
1.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured（施肥）a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently --- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets --- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life --- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.2. During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. When the crops were good, the economy on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat with almost as much felling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasingly favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, but farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producer groups asked for farmer controls, but governments had no wish to become involved, at least not until wartime wheat prices threatened to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising living costs, the federal government appointed a board of grain supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle the crop of 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with full authority to buy, sell and set prices3.In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical energy used in the production of that product. When computed in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firm‟‟s contribution to the national economy. Itis a more realistic index, of course, than gross sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells nothing about production costs and whether the manufacturing firm is operating at a profit or at a loss.In education there is now a spirited quarrel as to whether such a concept would not be most appropriate for college graduates is evidently reflected in the salaries they can command upon receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command impressive salaries upon graduation and by implication, there must be an appreciable value added to their marketability by the education and training they received in college. When looked at more closely, however, the missing factor is obviously the difference between learner capabilities prior to their educational experiences and graduate capabilities after earning a college degree. In brief, how much does the student benefit from the instruction he or she has received4. Today，there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However，nearly all require some break in one‘s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education，that is，attending school at night or for one weekend a month，tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally，such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning，however，perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method，which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals，which are so necessary in today‘s world. The time required to study many be set aside at the student’s convenience with due regard to all life‘s other requirements. Additionally，the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world，while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail，telephone，facsimile machine，teleconferencing and over the Internet. Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalence of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance-learning program. In the final analysis，a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit，professional development，and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.5. It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. School often have too restricting an atmosphere with its timetables and disciplines to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. Students should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life theydo not look back and say “I should like to have been an architect. If I hadn‟t taken a degree in modern languages, I should not have ended up as an interpreter , but it‟s so late that I couldn‟t possibly go back and start all over again.” there is ,of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one‟s time at university. This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. He is immediately accepted by the University of his Choice, and spend his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class honor degree and very little knowledge of what the outside of the world is all about. it therefore becomes more and more important that if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be very much detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this median can we be sure that we are not to have. On the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything without of their own subject, and on the other hand, and ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subject for which there is little or no requirement in the working world.6.How should gifted children be identified？Parents may not be able to identify gifted children；they do not have sufficient basis for comparison．Their observations may be distorted by their ambi－tions．However，they may be able to furnish details about th e child… s early development that Indicate to the discerning teacher or psychologist the presence of superior ability．Teachers who are familiar with the characteristics of gifted children and who have a chance to observe children In an Informal and challenging environment can give evidence that Is valuable In identifying the gifted．Teachers have dally opportunity to observe how skillfully children use language，how quickly they see rela tlons，how sensitive they are to things In their nvironment，how readily they learn，how easily they remember．Moreover，gifted children usually show outstanding resourcefulness and imagination，sustained attention，and wide Interests．Classroom and playground also offer opportunities to identify children who get along exceptionally Well With others and handle frustrating situations with exceptional maturity. It is most reward-ing to study children…s Interaction in groups．However，teachers have been given little help In using these dally opportunities to identify and educate the socially gifted．Like parental observation，teacher observation also has its pit falls．So me teachers have a tendency to overrate the abilities of docile，obedient，conscientious children．Others fail to recognize potential giftedness that Is suppressed by emotional conflicts or by boredom with dull，routinized，teacher．dominated situations．7.Most London colleges have a library, with a full-time or part-time librarian, who will be able to give students information on the facilities available for consulting of borrowing books. In addition, the Public Libraries give a valuable service to students attending colleges, evening classed or working on their own. Public Libraries are maintained by the City Corporation and the various London Borough Councils. They will be helpful to students who wish to further their studies by using the comprehensive library services available in the metropolitan areas. These libraries have over five million books in stock, the majority of which are for loan, and there is a system of inter-availability of lending-library tickets which extends throughout the metropolitan area. Reference Department are provided for the use of those who wish to consult books and periodicals in library, or heavy publications such as encyclopedias which cannot betaken out on loan. Public Library stocks are of a general nature, covering all subjects, many of them to higher degree standard of beyond. In addition, each public library in the metropolitan area specializes in a group of interrelated subjects and, through the cooperation between various libraries, their combined resources are made generally available. Moreover, through the inter-lending system of the British Library, it is usually possible for books not available in London public libraries to be obtained from specialist libraries. Music stocks, for example, include music writing and frequently records. Full details of these various services can be obtained from the Central Library in each area. Addresses and telephone numbers are listed in the London telephone directory.8. In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the latter half of the 19th century; most of them were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S., the day nursery movement received great impetus during the First World War, when shortage of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established even in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. although the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose sharply , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, however , Federal State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control over the day nurseries, chiefly by formulating them.The outbreak of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were again called up on to replace men in the factories. On this occasion the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, allocating $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities supplemented this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared for in daycare centers receiving Federal subsidies .Soon afterward, the Federal government drastically cut clown its expenditures for this purpose and later abolished them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their job at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.9. All Americans are at least vaguely familiar with the plight of the American Indian. Cutbacks in federal programs for Indians have made their problems plight more severe in recent years. Josephy reports，“even 1981 it was estimated that cutbacks in federal programs for Indians totaled about $500 million”or more than ten times the cuts affecting their by the end of fellow Americans. Additional cuts seem to be threatened in the future. This reduced funding is affecting almost allaspects of reservation life，including education. If the Indians could solve their educational problems，solutions to many of their other problems might not be far behind. In this paper the current status of Indian education will be described and evaluated and some ways of improving this education will be proposed.Whether to assimilate with the dominant American culture or to preserve Indian culture has been a longstanding issue in Indian education. After the Civil War full responsibility for Indian education was turned over by the government to churches and missionary groups. The next fifty years became a period of enforced assimilation in all areas of Indian culture，but especially in religion and education. John Collier，a reformer who agitated in favor of Indians and their culture form the early 1920s until his death in 1968，had a different idea. He believed that instead of effacing native culture，Indian schools should encourage and revitalize it.Pressure to assimilate remains a potent force today，however . More and more Indians are graduating from high school and college and becoming eligible for jobs in the non-Indian society. “When Indians obtain the requisite skills，many of them enter the broader American society and succeed. ”at present approximately 90 percent of all Indian children are educated in state public school systems. How well these children compete with the members of the dominant society，however，is another matter.10. There is a general expectation that teachers can spot talented children and do something for them. But studies have shown that teachers do not always recognize gifted children, even those with academic talent. In fact, they fail to identify from 10 to 50 percent of their gifted students.The first step in identifying gifted students is determining the reason for finding them. If we want to choose a group of students for an advanced mathematics class, our approach would be different than if we are looking for students with high talent for a creative-writing program. Specific program needs and requirements, then, shape the identification process. Subjective evaluation-teacher judgment, parent referral--should be checked by standardized tests and other objective measures of ability. Any program for identifying gifted children in a school system should include both subjective and objective methods of evaluation Classroom behavior, for example, can point up children’’s ability to organize and use materials and reveal their potential for processing information better than can a test situation. Many aspects of creativity and verbal fluency are also best observed in a classroom or informal setting.11. There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in 1960s.During the 1960s eight completely new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created by converting old colleges of technology into universities. In the same period the number of students more than doubled, from 70 000 to more than 200,000.By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are private institutions. Each has its own governing councils, including some local businessmen and local politicians as well as a few academics(大学教师).The state began to give grants to them fifty years ago , and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its funds from state grants. Students have to pay fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and food unless his parents are rich. Most students takes jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside work during the academic year.The Department of Education takes responsibility for the payment which cover the whole expenditure of the universities , but it does not exercise direct control.It can have an important influenceon new developments through its power to distribute funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly composed of academics.12.Urbanization and industrialization demanded new directions in education. Public education， once a dream， now becomes a reality. Education was forced to meet new social changes. American society was getting much more complex； literacy became more essential. Secondary education， which had been almost totally in the hands of private individuals up to the time of the Civil War， gradually became a public concern. By the early 1900s there were over 7000 high schools， totaling an enrollment of over 1 million. Technological changes demand more vocational training. Subjects such as bookkeeping， typing， agriculture， woodworking， and metalworking were introduced into the curriculum. American education finally was becoming universal.Higher education also responded to the need for more and different education. The Morril Act of 1862 established state land grant colleges that taught agricultural methods and vocational subjects. While curriculums included a large number of required courses during the first two years of college， more elective subjects were added during the last two years. In 1876 Hopkins University instituted America ‘s first graduate school for advanced study. In general， American education began to respond to the complexities of the industrial age and the need for a new focus in education.。
考研英语经典阅读材料19篇
Another digital gold rush又一轮的数字淘金热Internet companies are booming again. Does that mean it is time to buy or to sell?互联网公司再次勃兴。
这是否意味着买入或者卖出正逢时？May 12th 2011 | BEIJING AND SAN FRANCISCO | from the print editionPIER 38 is a vast, hangar-like structure, perched on San Francisco w’asterfront. Once a place where Chinese immigrants landed with picks and shovels, ready to build railways during California ’s Gold Rush, the pier is now home to a host of entrepreneurs with smartphones and computers engaged in a race for internet riches. From their open-plan offices, the young people running start-ups with fashionably odd names such as NoiseToys, Adility and Trazzler can gaze at the fancy yachts moored nearby when they aren ’t furiously tapping out lines of code.38 号坞棚（PIER 38）是坐落在旧金山滨海的一幢巨大棚库状结构的建筑。
在加利福尼亚淘金潮时期，这里曾是准备修建铁路的中国移入民带着铁锹铁铲的登陆地，而这些坞棚如今则是一群带着智能电话和电脑埋头于互联网财富竞赛的实业家们的老巢，这些年轻人运营着有着像NoiseToys，Adility 和Trazzler 这样名字新潮而古怪的新兴企业，在他们激情四溢的打出一行行的代码之外的时间里，可以凝望到（眺望）停泊在附近的豪华游艇。
考研英语阅读精读真题精选
考研英语阅读精读真题精选"Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness"wrot eMiltonFriedman,aNobelPrize-winningeconomist"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto increaseitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremiseandregardcorporatesoc ialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'smoney ,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompa niesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$ 15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingf irm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"signal"thatacompany 'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasani ndirectmaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse"haloeffect"wherebyitsgoodde edsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseef fectsbecauseconsumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbriberypros ecutionsunderAmerican'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproduc tsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlybyth ehaloeffect.Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostc omprehensiveCSRprogrammestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatitwasfirm'spoliti calinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedforthelen iency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidno treceivelowerfines.Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlye valuateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacom pany'srecordinCSR."Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporategiving byabout20%resultinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypic alpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials."saysoneresearcher.Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionat howmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect ,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotr oublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostl ypunishment.诺贝尔经济学奖得主、经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼写道，企业社会责任有且仅有一种，“那就是，利用自身资源从事能让其获利的各种活动。
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那些有纪念意义的考研英语真题之一
The Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science（科学发展可信性的改变）
---2012.Text 3 In The idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interests influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.
Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual research’s me, here, now become the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discovery receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. With the complex social structure of the
scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public(including the scientists)receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credit discovery.
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little rewarded accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel
discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.
In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”
---------chosen from ‘The Scientist’。