现在分词作状语详解

教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同

重点难点：

1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。

2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。

3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式

4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式.

5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题）

6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。

7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语

Step 1 lead in

朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式

Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思

Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光

So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜

Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月

Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡

Step2 现在分词作状语的意义

动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示：

1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。

2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如：

When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.

=Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。

As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.

=（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.

他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。

二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since)

如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday

=Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once)

If you work hard, you will succeed.

=Working hard, you will succeed.

如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。

If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

=Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

如果你向左转，你就会找到到学校取得路。

四．表示让步，相当于让步状语从句（引导词有although,though,even if ,even though）

Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.

= Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

五．现在分词可以做方式状语、伴随状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，是主语的另一个、较次要的动作，相当于一个由and引导的并列结构。

She came into the house,and carried a lot of books.

=She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.

=He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

温馨提示：伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。

六．现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于一个并列谓语

His father died, and left him a lot of money.

=His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces.

=She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.

她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。

Step 2考点解读

分词作状语应注意的问题

A. 分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

动词的分词形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 走进教室，我发现里面没人。（entering的逻辑主语是I，相当于when I entered the classroom, I found nobody in it.）

如分词表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。

课堂巩固练习：判断下列句子正误

1. 从窗户看出去，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。

a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.

b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.

2. 我看着晚报的时候，一只狗开始叫起来。

a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.

b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.

3. 听到这个消息，我的眼泪忍不住流下来。

a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.