朗文英语听说教程听力翻译
(完整word版)朗文英语听说教程一
Unit 1 happinessP：let us get start，Lots people in society think the more money they have, the more happiness they will obtain Assume that you are a lottery winner, 5 million dollars, do you feel happy? S：Maybe a little, but this is not the major reasonP：So, what makes some people happier than other?S：Psychologists find that there are more important personality factors make people happy.what`s your opinion?P：in my view，happy people are satisfied with themselves,Maybe they are a little bit fat, overweigh t or may not have the best job ,not live in a fancy house ,but they do not want to change these things, the feeling of happiness comes from the inside, not the outside. What do you think？S：I deem happy people are optimistic and unhappy people always are of negative attitude. They think that things will get worse.By the way,happy people have good relationship with other people.P:They spend time on building the relationship with family and friends.Pour out your heart, your fears, your woes - share these with Him，you can obtain purification of your mind. S:So，the money can not bring us happiness. Generally，Regardless Of the money,self-content，optimistic and Excellent interpersonal communication Skills are the best way to make us happy.P:there are some proverbs there:You are never be happy if you make others unhappy , originate from China.w here there is love , there is happiness , originate from Poland. which one do you prefer?S:First one impressed me a lot.P: Why?S:because if you keep in touch with the people around you, you will benefit pretty much from them.P：you mean Do it for us, do it for one another, do it for you, and do it for each other then you feel happy.Unit 2 New kind of foodP: china is doing research on genetically modified foods and is considering it.S：I heard that US is for using G.M. foods, but Europe is against it .P：I see, oh right,S：So what do you think?P：I think it`s a great ideal have GM foods.S：oh,Do you think human can benefit from GM foods?P：1 may fewer pesticide than normal food example corn will kill the insects that eat the plant2 grow better than normal plants example strawberry grow in cold weather3.stay fresh longer after they are harvest example tomato stays fresh for two months S：I don`t think so，I am worried more that there haven't been enough tests on genetically modified foods, that there might be side effects that could lead to cancer, or could ruin the naturally life cycle of the plant s.1dominate other wild plants in the environment causing other plants to die2hurt the insects and animal in the environment corn kill the butterflies3harmful to the people who consume the food put the genes from animals into plant such as that scientists took a gene from a kind of fish – a gene help the fish live in cold waterP：Uh,definitely,I think there is lots of resons to be concerened.S：then scientists are going to have to continue with the research.P：the fact is the population is growing and these people are going to have to eat food,so if GM foods can help people to eat and survive and for the human population to survive.As we know, in biology, cloning is the process of producing similar population of genetically identical individuals that occurs unnaturally.S：when organism such as bacteria insects or plants reproduce asexually, cloning in biotechnology refers to processes to create copies of DNA fragments, cell or organisms.1pros reproductive cloning 、organ replacement 、genetic research 2cons lack of diversity 、faster aging 、securityP：In short, there are both advantages and disadvantages about GM foodUnit 5 violence on TVP：TV is one of the prevalent media influences in kid’s lives According to some reports , youth ages 6-19 average about 6 hours of screen time per day.On the one hand children can get some useful information easily from TV not only the voice but also the colorful pictures, which can greatly arouse interesting of the children.S：On the contary ,I think TV have negative influences on children.1 increase fear violence on TV2 ignore to real- life violence they imitate what they see on tv everyday ugly language and attitude aggressive behaviors3 activities are crucial for adolescent to healthy mental and physical TV is harmful to their eyes stomach intestinesP:you know,Almost 98% American families have a TV。
朗文英语听说教程二听力原文_Unit_09
Unit 9 Which Way Will It Go?IntroductionTEACHER: The topic for today’s class is land as a resource. Land, water, trees, oil . . . these are all resources, and as future environmental scientists, you need to understand how to manage these resources. As the world population increases, managing land resources will become a greater priority. Land is a limited resource. Today I’m going to divide the lecture into two parts. First we’ll look at some of the factors contributing to pressures on the land we have, and then I want to turn to some of the ways people worldwide are trying to address land problems and meet the needs of future generations. Think of it as first the bad news, then the good news.Body: Part 1Let me start by saying there is less good productive land now than there was even ten years ago. By productive land I mean land that is fertile, that we can use to grow food and raise animals. Each year more and more land becomes degraded. We are losing productive land. Worldwide, new dry areas are developing and expanding. This is happening on every continent except Antarctica. I don’t mean existing deserts like the Sahara are getting bigger. I’m talking about new dry areas, areas where land has been declining in quality. You can see these areas in the map in your book. Why are these areas forming and expanding? What do you think? Theresa?STUDENT l: It’s the climate, isn’t it? The earth is getting, you know, hotter because of global warming. So water gets evaporated and the land dries out.TEACHER: OK. Marcel, do you agree?STUDENT 2: Well, yeah. It has to be the weather. What else could it be?Body: Part 2TEACHER: Well, different reasons have been given. Some people contribute it to global warming or to climate changes. They say nature simply produces dry regions, like the Sahara Desert, as well as wet regions, like the Amazon Rain Forest . . . . Well, let’s think about this. Is it only the weather? Let’s see if there are other factors contributing to this trend. Is nature, or the weather, really the problem? According to a large group of scientists, the weather isn’t the main factor. Instead, they say, people are the main factor. When they say people are the main problem, they mean people’s actions－how people use and manage land. Poor land management, overpopulation, poor farming techniques, too many animals, and so on, can all affect the land. Look at the chart in your book. As you can see, researchers have identified several ways human activities contribute to the problem. The first is overgrazing by farm animals. They say about 35 percent of the loss of productive land is due to overgrazing by farm animals. The second is overcutting of trees, which leads to about 30 percent of the loss. And lastly, 28 percent of the loss of good land is from methods of farming. Overgrazing, overcutting, and farming methods. Let’s look at these one at a time.The first is overgrazing. Good topsoil is lost or damaged because of overgrazing by farm animals. Overgrazing means the animals eat too many of the plants. There are several bad results of overgrazing. First, there aren’t enough plants left to hold the soil in place. Then, the topsoil is eroded by wind and rain; they carry it away. Second, as the animals walk around, the soil is compacted, and gets very hard. If the soil is too hard, rainwater isn’t absorbed into the soil, and this causes the soil to stay dry and warm. As the soil gets drier, even fewer plants can grow. This, in turn, causes the animals to walk around more and more, in order to find enough food to eat. And, this causes the ground to get packed down even more, and get even drier, and so on. So, you can see that overgrazing can create this cycle.Body: Part 4Second, overcutting of trees also contributes to the loss of good land. The main problem is too many trees are cut and not replanted. For years we’ve heard about how this is happening on a large scale in the Amazon Rain Forest in Brazil. Trees, like land, are a resource we depend on. They’re vital to the whole environmental balance on earth. If trees are cut down and not replanted, there is nothing to hold the good soil. Wind and water carry the good soil away and it erodes quickly, leaving land that is dry and less productive. So, overcutting is another reason why land quality is declining.Body: Part 5Third, farming methods are another big factor. In some places, traditional methods that have been used for hundreds of years no longer work well. Why do they no longer work well? Partly because the population is increasing, and farmers aren’t equipped to meet these new demands, and partly because the soil is getting worn out. More people need to be fed from less land. As a result, some farmers may use too much fertilizer on the limited land they have, or not let the land rest from year to year, causing it to become less fertile. Irrigation is a huge factor many of us don’t think about. Irrigation water often has salt in it, and when the salt builds up in the soil, the soil can no longer be used for farming. Currently, about one third of the irrigated land in the world has too much salt in it. Irrigation has taken a heavy toll on good land.Body: Part 6So, basically, how people use the land seems to be a bigger factor in the decrease of productive land than weather. Of course, weather extremes, like no rain or too much rain, can add to the problem. However, the weather is not the main reason for the problem. Some of the extremes in the weather caused by global warming can make the situation worse for people who live in these dry areas. But the weather alone is not the main issue. The decline of productive land is a worldwide problem. Currently, about one third of the world’s land area is considered unproductive because it is too dry and damaged.OK, so that’s the bad news. Now let’s turn to the good news. What are countries doing to help preserve land as a resource? As experts learn more about this worldwide problem, they have tried to find ways to address it. Right now there are several organizations, the United Nations for one, that are working to help people. They try to help countries or communities look at their specific problems and figure out what possible changes they can make to protect their land. They talk to people about their farming methods, their animals, and how they use trees and their resources. Then they suggest changes that might alleviate some of their problems. Farmers might try to grow genetically engineered crops that don’t hurt the soil as much, or plant new trees, or raise fewer animals, or build new irrigation systems that leave less salt in the soil. They look for local solutions that will work best for that country. This includes looking at what has been done traditionally and implementing modern farming methods in ways that respect the local culture.ConclusionSo, let’s review what we covered today. I mentioned that about one third of the available land worldwide has become dry and less productive. The main reason for land degradation is people’s actions, including overgrazing by animals, overcutting of trees, and farming methods. As scientists learn more, we need to work to help countries make specific changes and for farmers to become better equipped so that they can preserve the good land that is left.Let me just add that if we look at the estimates of what the world population will be fifty years from now－about 9 billion people－it helps us see that protecting the good land that’s left needs to be a high priority.I’ll stop there. We’ll continue with this next class. That’s all for this afternoon.。
朗文英语听说教程1课后练习题含答案
朗文英语听说教程1课后练习题含答案Introduction朗文英语听说教程1是英语学习者中较为常用的教材之一。
对于初学英语的学习者，逐课完成教材的练习题非常有必要。
练习题可帮助学习者巩固所学知识、培养语感，提高听说能力。
本文将提供朗文英语听说教程1课后练习题及其答案，旨在帮助学习者更好地学习和掌握英语。
Part 1: Unit 1 Listening PracticeSection A: Tapescript1.W: Can you spell your name, please?M: It’s Dave, D-A-V-E.2.W: Do you speak English?M: Yes, I do.3.W: What do you do?M: I’m a teacher.4.W: How do you spell that?M: It’s R-O-S-E.5.W: What’s your telephone number?M: It’s 6-2-5-7-2-4-3.Section B: Answer the questions1.What is the man’s name?Answer: Dave.2.Does the man speak English?Answer: Yes, he does.3.What is the man’s job?Answer: He is a teacher.4.How do you spell the woman’s name?Answer: Rose.5.What is the man’s telephone number?Answer: 6-2-5-7-2-4-3.Part 2: Unit 1 Speaking PracticeExercise 11.A: Good morning, my name is Lisa.B: Good morning, Lisa. My name is Brian.2.A: Hi, I’m Tom.B: Hello, Tom. I’m Karen.3.A: Nice to meet you. My name is Andrew.B: Nice to meet you too, Andrew. I’m Julia.Exercise 21.Rita: Hello, this is Rita.Mark: Hi, Rita. This is Mark.Rita: Nice to meet you.2.Alice: Good afternoon. Is this Mr. Brown?John: No, this is John.Alice: I’m sorry. Is Mr.Brown avlable?John: Yes, hang on a second.Brown: Hello, this is Brown.Alice: Hi, Mr. Brown. This is Alice. How are you? Part 3: Unit 1 Answer KeyListening Practice1.D2.C3.B4.A5.DSpeaking PracticeExercise 11.Good morning, my name is Lisa.Answer: Good morning, Lisa. My name is Brian.2.Hi, I’m Tom.Answer: Hello, Tom. I’m Karen.3.Nice to meet you. My name is Andrew.Answer: Nice to meet you too, Andrew. I’m Julia. Exercise 21.Rita: Hello, this is Rita.Mark: Hi, Rita. This is Mark.Rita: Nice to meet you.Answer: Nice to meet you too, Mark.2.Alice: Good afternoon. Is this Mr. Brown?John: No, this is John.Alice: I’m sorry. Is Mr.Brown avlable?John: Yes, hang on a second.Brown: Hello, this is Brown.Alice: Hi, Mr. Brown. This is Alice. How are you?Answer: I’m fine, thanks. How are you?。
朗文英语听说教程1精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版朗文英语听说教程(一) QuizUnit 1 Happiness1. a. Which people are happyb. What makes people happyc. How people define happiness2. a. They like everything.b. They want to change.c. They are satisfied.3. a. They have few problems.b. They don’t worry much.c. They have negative attitudes.4. a. Good relationshipsb. A successful careerc. A lot of money5. Describe how psychologists learned what makes people happy.6. What three personality factors do happy people have?Answer Key1. b2. c3. b4. a5. Psychologists asked hundreds of people how happy they are. Then they asked questions to find out about their personalities. They looked at the differences between happy people and unhappy people.6. Happy people are satisfied with themselves. They are also optimistic about their problems. In addition,they have good relationships with their friends and family.Unit2New Kinds of Food(1’:50”)1. a. Fresh foodb. Dangerous foodc. Altered food2. a. Strawberriesb. Applesc. Bananas3. a. It needs fewer pesticides.b. It grows in less space.c. It dominates the environment.4. a. It may stay fresh longer.b. It may be more expensive.c. It may be harmful to people.5. What are three benefits of genetically modified food?6. What are three risks of genetically modified food?Answer Key1. c2. a3. a4. c5. Genetically modified food needs fewer pesticides. Genetically modified food/plants grow better than normal. In addition, they stay fresh longer after they are harvested.6. Genetically modified food/plants may dominate other plants in the environment. Also, they might hurt wild animals and insects. They might even hurt the people who eat them.Unit3Public Art(2’:02”)1. a. Art in museumsb. Art in people’s housesc. Art in public places2. a. Spoonbridge and Cherry (spoon and cherry)b. Non-Violence (gun in knot)c. Peace (woman on horse)3. a. Public artb.Surrealismc. Peace4. a. To make people go to museumsb. To make artists more popularc. To make public places more beautiful5. What is pop art? Give an example.6. What is surrealistic art? Give an example.Answer Key1. c2. c3. c4. c5. Pop art shows things people see in their everyday lives. Spoonbridge and Cherry, the sculpture of a large spoon with a cherry, is an example of pop art.6. Surrealistic art shows things that are strange or impossible. Non-Violence, the sculpture of a gun tied in a knot, is an example of surrealistic art.Unit 4 Journey to Antarctica1. a. From 1912 to 1914b. From 1914 to 1916c. From 1916 to 19182. a. South Georgia Islandb. Elephant Islandc. Argentina3. a. Everyone died.b. Some were rescued.c. Everyone was rescued.4. a. It reached America.b. It sank near Antarctica.c. It returned to London.5 . What was the goal of Shackleton ’s Journey? Did he succeed?6. What did Shackleton and his crew eat when they were living on ice?Answer Key1. b2. a3. c4. b5. Shackleton’s goal was to be the first person to walk across Antarctica. He didn’t succeed.6. First, they ate supplies from the ship. Then they hunted animals in the area. Finally, they killed and ate their dogs.Unit 5 Violence on Television (2’:11”)1. a. Three to four hours a dayb. Three to four hours a weekc. Thirty to forty hours a week2. a. Moviesb. Cartoonsc. The news3. a. About 1,000b. About 10,000c. About 100,0004. a. TV violence is linked to real violence.b. TV violence is not harmful for children.c. TV violence is increasing in the United States.5 . How did researchers study the immediate effects of TV violence on children?6. How did researchers study the long-term of TV violence on children?Answer Key1. a2. b3. c4. a5. The researchers showed children a TV show of a child hitting and kicking a doll. Then they left the children alone with a doll. The children hit and kicked the doll. This study showed that children do what they see on TV.6. The researchers studied how much violent television some children watched at age eight. Then they studied the same children at age eighteen. The children who watched a lot of violence TV were more violent at age eighteen.Unit 6 Too Old to Lea rn?(2’:06”)1. a. Before the critical periodb. During the critical periodc. After the critical period2. a. Seeb. Eatc. Meow3. a. Seeb. Eatc. Sing4. a. The ability to hear soundsb. The ability to pronounce soundsc. The size of the brain5. Define critical period. Give an example.6. What is difficult for adult language learners? Why?Answer Key1. b2. a3. c4. b5. The critical period is when an animal or human can learn a new skill. For example, in humans there is a critical period for language learning.6. Adults find it difficult to pronounce sounds correctly. Therefore, they may never learn to speak a new language with a native accent.Unit7Are We Alone?(2’:15”)1. a. Intelligent beingsb. Other galaxiesc. Rocket ships2. a. They have received signals from other planets.b. They have seen rockets from other planets.c. They believe other planets could support life.3. a. By sending out radio signalsb. By listening for radio signalsc. By sending out rockets4. a. Radio signals travel quickly and have a short range.b. Radio signals travel quickly and have a long range.c. Radio signals travel slowly and have a long range.5. How fast do radio signals travel? How long is needed for a radio signal to travel from the nearest galaxy to earth?6. Why doesn’t the SETI project use rockets to look for intelligent life?Answer Key1. a2. c3. b4. b5. Radio signals travel at the speed of light. A radio signal travels about four years from the nearest galaxy to earth.6. Rocket ships are restricted to traveling in one direction. And they are much slower than radio signals.Unit8Do the Right Thing(1’:55”)1. a. Do what is best for most people.b. Do what is best for everybody.c. Do what is best for yourself.2. a. Take care of other people.b. Do what is best for yourself.c. Make your own decisions.3. a. Aristotleb. Kantc. Bentham4. a. The principle of individual rightsb. The principle of individual goodc. The principle of common good5. Explain why the friend in the lecture wanted to lie to the dying woman.6. Use an ethical principle to explain how the friend can justify lying to the dying woman.Answer Key1. a2. c3. b4. c5. The friend thought spending a lot of money on an expensive funeral was a waste of money. He wanted to give the money to a school for homeless children.6. Following the principle of common good, the friend will help more people if he gives the money to the school for homeless children. The only person he might hurt is the dying woman.Unit 9 A Good Night’s Sleep1. a. From watching people sleepb. From surveys about sleep habitsc. From books about sleep habits2. a. Our modern lifestyleb. Feeling tiredc. Health problems3. a. Car accidentsb. Watching TVc.Family problems4. a. Seventeenb. Twentyc.Fifty5. How has technology affected our sleep habits?6. How does feeling sleepy affect people at work?Answer Key1. b2. a3. a4. c5. A hundred years ago, people didn’t stay up late because there was not much to do . However, today we can stay up late working, watching TV , or using the Internet.6. When people are sleepy at work, they don’t think clearly and can make mistakes. These mistakes can cost a lot of money or cause accidents.Unit 10 Negotiating for Success1. a.Solving the problemb.Talking about feelingsing “I”statements2. a.To explain your opinionb.To solve the problemc.To avoid blaming others3. a.The person stops communicating.b.The person accepts the blame.c.The person solves the problem.4. a.The issue in the negotiationb.People’s feelings about the negotiationc.The people in the negotiation5 . Explain the example of conflict in the lecture. Whohas a conflict? What is it about?6. Give an example of a statement blaming another person. Then rewrite the statement using an “I”statement.Answer Key1. c2. c3. a4. b5. Two co-workers have a conflict. They are working on a project together. One person isn’t finishing his work on time.6. A statement blaming another person is “You aren’t doing your work, Joe. ” An “I” statement is “I’m worried because the work isn ’t done. ”Unit 11 Risking It1. a.Flying in an airplaneb.Driving a carc.Riding a bicycle2. a. Being in an earthquakeb.Driving a carc.Flying in an airplane3. a. Going out in the sunb.Living near a nuclear power plantc.Flying in an airplane4. a. Being in an earthquakeb.Flying in an airplanec.Walking down stairs5 . Explain the difference between actual and perceivedrisk. Give an example.6. Explain the difference between controlled anduncontrolled risk. Give an example.Answer Key1. a2. b3. a4. c5. An actual risk is the real risk of being hurt or killed.A perceived risk is the risk people feel. For example, some people feel that flying is more dangerous than driving. However, more people are killed in car accidents than in airplane accidents.6. A controlled risk is a risk people can control. An uncontrolled risk is a risk they can’t control. For example, people are in control when they are driving. However, the pilot is in control when they are flying in an airplane.Unit 12 The Electronic Brain1. a. From 1943 to 1945b. From 1953 to 1955c. From 1963 to 19652. a. The U.S. Armyb.IBMc.Mauchly and Eckert3. a. Five hundredb.Five thousandc.Five million4. a. The size of an 1,800-square-foot roomb. The size of an 2,500-square-foot roomc. The size of an 5,000-square-foot room5.Why was ENIAC built?6. Why did Mauchly and Eckert want to work onENIAC?Answer Key1. a2. c3. b4. a5. During World War 错误!未找到引用源。
朗文英语听说教程1听力材料
朗文英语听说教程1听力材料朗文英语听说教程1是一本以听力和口语训练为主的教材。
以下是一部分听力材料的参考内容。
Unit 1Title: IntroductionsFirst Section:- Speaker 1: Hello, my name is Alice. What's your name?- Speaker 2: Hi Alice, my name is John.- Speaker 3: Nice to meet both of you. I'm Mary.Second Section:- Speaker 1: Excuse me, are you from around here?- Speaker 2: No, I'm actually visiting. I'm from Canada.- Speaker 1: That's interesting. I'm from the UK.Unit 2Title: Daily RoutineFirst Section:- Speaker 1: What time do you usually wake up?- Speaker 2: I usually wake up at around 7 am.- Speaker 3: I'm more of a night owl. I usually sleep until 10 am. Second Section:- Speaker 1: Do you have any morning rituals?- Speaker 2: Yes, I always have a cup of coffee and read the news. - Speaker 3: I like to go for a run every morning to start my day. Unit 3Title: Hobbies and InterestsFirst Section:- Speaker 1: What do you do in your free time?- Speaker 2: I enjoy playing the guitar. It's my favorite hobby.- Speaker 3: I love painting. I find it very relaxing.Second Section:- Speaker 1: Have you ever tried any extreme sports?- Speaker 2: Yes, I've been skydiving before. It was an amazing experience.- Speaker 3: I prefer more low-key activities like hiking and camping.Unit 4Title: TravelFirst Section:- Speaker 1: Have you ever been to Paris?- Speaker 2: Yes, I went there last summer. It's a beautiful city.- Speaker 3: I've always wanted to visit. What was your favorite part?Second Section:- Speaker 1: How do you usually plan your trips?- Speaker 2: I usually research the sights and attractions before I go. - Speaker 3: I like to have a rough itinerary, but I also leave some room for spontaneity.Unit 5Title: Food and DiningFirst Section:- Speaker 1: What's your favorite cuisine?- Speaker 2: I love Italian food. Pizza and pasta are my go-to dishes.- Speaker 3: I'm more of a fan of Asian cuisine. I enjoy sushi and stir-fried noodles.Second Section:- Speaker 1: Do you like cooking?- Speaker 2: Yes, I love experimenting with new recipes in the kitchen.- Speaker 3: I'm not very skilled in cooking, but I enjoy baking desserts.以上内容仅为参考，实际听力材料可能会有所不同。
朗文英语听说教程unit 2
• why it always seems like we choose slow lines at the supermarket? • The simple probability that the line next to you will move faster than yours is the one divided by the number of lines. If there are very many lines, the chances that you’ll choose the fastording to Murphy’s Law , anything that can go wrong will go wrong. So we’ll be looking at everyday examples of Murphy’s Law. • why toast falls buttered-side down? • why it always seems like we choose slow lines at the supermarket? • why it is so difficult to win when we gamble?
• What is “life history”?
• Things are fairly predictable because they follow the basic laws of probability. Weather is an example: the next sunny day is more likely to occur after the seventh day of rain than after the first, because the storm front has what is called a life history. But events with a life history have changing probabilities of certain events occurring over time.
朗文英语听说教程二听力原文_Unit_10
Unit 10 It's in the DNATEACHER: Good morning. Today we'll talk about an important topic in biology-DNA and DNA testing. Can anybody tell us what DNA stands for?STUDENT 1: de-oxyribonucleic acid....TEACHER: Right. It's the molecule that carries genetic information in all living cells. Now first, we'll look at what DNA is and when it was discovered. Then, we’ll look at DNA testing and several applications, or uses of testing. This is an exciting topic for biologists because the more we learn about DNA, the more we see how science may change our lives-from healthcare to our relationships. OK, what does DNA look like?STUDENT 1: It looks like two strings, kind of wrapping around each other.TEACHER: Yes, exactly. There's a simple drawing of one in your book. As you can see, a molecule of DNA consists of two strands of chemical compounds arranged in a twisted pattern. Inside the human cell are chromosomes. The DNA is organized in twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in the ceil Genes are arranged on the chromosomes and these carry jUnd4menutl genetic information like hair color, eye color, or characteristics that aren't ad visable, such as intelligence. and a lot more. Scientists have been studying DNA for a long time. First, in 1860, Gregor Mendel made two important discoveries: tiny particles he called genes, and, that genes carry information from cell 10 cell. Now this was really the beginning. Then, in 1953, J. D. Watson and Francis Crick discovered and described the DNA structure. Their work was so important that they received the Nobel Prize in 1962. For the first time, scientists could understand exactly how DNA tells the cells what 10 do. This generated more DNA research, and by the end of the twentieth century, scientists made other important discoveries. Probably the most important work was the Human Genome Project. The goal of the Human Genome Project was to complete the first reading of the human genome, the complete set of human DNA. Uh, this was a huge job, but after ten long years in June,2000, the head of the Project announced that they had identified the complete set of human genes. Uh, this was a huge deal. Most people saw this as the beginning of a whole new era in DNA research. Scientists could read all of the genetic messages in the human body! This is, of course, a very brief history of the study of DNA. All right, let's consider DNA testing. One important use of DNA testing is testing identity, which is also called DNA t1ngerprinting. Here's how a DNA fingerprint is done. Scientists take a small sample of someone's hair or skin, which contain DNA. Next, they treat the sample with chemicals and make a film, like a small photograph. On this film there is a visible pattern of black bars. This pattern of black bars is unique for each person. So, a DNA sample from your hair identifies you, it's, it's like your fingerprint; it identifies you and you only. I see a question. Miguel?STUDENT 2: Does the DNA from hair or skin or blood all look the same?TEACHER: No, not exactly. The DNA from your hair will look like hair DNA but it will be uniquely your DNA pattern. It's sort of like all noses look like noses, right? Bur your nose looks like your nose only. Now I want to look at two applictltjDns, or uses, of DNA testing. First, how it can be used by doctors, and second, how it can be used by the police. Within health care, one important use is to identify potential for health problems. Researchers have found some genes linked to specific diseases. For example. Huntington’s disease is linked to a defect in chromosome 4, and Alzheimer's diseases linked to a defect in chromosome 19. A genetic link means that doctors know that if someone has defects in these genes. they’re more likely to get these health problems;their potential is increased. Notice, I didn’t say "Researchers have found that some gene defects cause specific diseases." There is simply a link. After doctors perform DNA testing, they can then decide the best way 10 use the information. For example, they may give medication to a patient to prevent a disease from ever starting. Genetic testing can also be used to decide which medicine to give someone. This is called targeted medicine. To me, this is very exciting and promising. There are tiny differences in DNA from person to person. These differences can affect which patients will be helped by a drug, and who may be harmed by it. This is, uh, a tremendous advantage. [t saves lives and money. NOW, let's look at how DNA testing is used by police. The police can use DNA fingerprints to identify and frau criminals. All they need is a small amount, or trace, of blood or hair from the crime scene. if the DNA samples from the crime scene and the suspect match, the results, at least in the United States, can be used as evidence in court. So, DNA testing can be used 10 help put someone in prison. In much the same way, DNA testing can be used 10 help innocent people in prison. People in prison can now try to use DNA testing for crimes that happened, say, ten years ago. If their DNA fingerprint doesn’t match the DNA fingerprint from the crime scene, this can help them get a new trial and perhaps get them out of prison. As you can see, there are benefits to DNA testing. However, there are also some concerns that this type of information might be used against us in the future. Now let's consider how DNA testing could be used against you. What if a company you wanted to work for asked you to take a DNA test? And what if your DNA test showed that you had a gene defect linked to a certain type of cancer? Would the company decide not to hire you? People also worry about health insurance. They’re afraid they might not be able to get health insurance if their DNA test shows they're at a higher risk for certain diseases. As a result, in the United States, some laws have been passed to protect the privacy of medical records. Now DNA testing has other possibilities that we won’t discuss today. But in any case, many people think about the negative uses of testing-the fear that it will be used against people or to create "perfect" babies. Others think about police being able to trace criminals and possible advances in healthcare. But, another way 10 think about it is that it tells us more about who we are, and that's the goal of biology-to understand nature.[ guess ['II stop there for Toady. [n the next class, I want to talk in more depth about uses of DNA testing by doctors. OK, we'll start there next time. That's, uh, that's all for today.。
(完整版)朗文英语听说教程听力翻译
1文：老师：早上好，大家。
早上好，菲利佩，莫妮卡，提奥，我不记得你的名字。
学生1：帕特丽夏。
老师：帕特丽夏，对，帕特丽夏。
那些都是美丽的名字，这是我们今天的主题的名字。
名字是一种文化的普遍性。
这意味着每个人都使用名字。
一个人的名字可以告诉我们一些关于一个人的家庭。
今天，我们将开始通过寻找第一个名字和人们如何选择他们的孩子的名字。
然后我们会谈论家庭的名字，看看不同类别的家庭名称。
虽然今天的讲座的范围是英语的名字，我们可以使用同样的方法，你知道，从任何文化看的名称。
让我们先简要看看，或给定的名称。
有几种方法家长为孩子选择第一个名字。
第一种方式是由家族史。
父母可以选择一个名字，因为它是通过一代一代的；例如，第一个出生的儿子可能会以他的父亲或祖父的名字命名。
虽然家庭的名字也传递给女儿，它通常是作为一个中间名。
添加“初中”或“第二个”为例，威廉帕克只做了几秒钟的男孩'，而不是与女孩的名字。
父母选择一个名字的第二种方式是在一个家庭成员或朋友最近去世后，或有人“他们钦佩，像一个著名的领袖或著名的音乐家。
虽然大多数英文名字的意思是什么，例如，“李察”意味着强大和“安”意味着恩典，现在的意义不是主要原因，人们选择他们的婴儿的名字。
第三种方法是为孩子提供一个“推”。
家长想选择一个听起来很“成功”的名字，一个强大的名字可能会帮助他们在商业世界，例如。
或者他们可以选择一个名字，不论男女，像泰勒和特里。
因此，鉴于这三种方法，什么是最常见的方式家长选择一个名称。
许多家长选择一个名字，只是因为他们喜欢它，或因为它是时尚或经典。
在名字的变化就像他们在衣服。
一百年前，许多名字来自圣经的名字，如丹尼尔，安娜，和汉娜和马修。
然后五十年前，圣经的名字就不流行了。
如今，圣经的名字也越来越受欢迎了。
同样，父母经常选择经典的名字，在1900，1950流行的名字，现在仍然很受欢迎。
男孩的经典名字包括托马斯、戴维、罗伯特和米迦勒。
对于女孩们：安娜、伊丽莎白、艾米丽和凯瑟琳，只是举几个。
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1文：老师：早上好，大家。
早上好，菲利佩，莫妮卡，提奥，我不记得你的名字。
学生1：帕特丽夏。
老师：帕特丽夏，对，帕特丽夏。
那些都是美丽的名字，这是我们今天的主题的名字。
名字是一种文化的普遍性。
这意味着每个人都使用名字。
一个人的名字可以告诉我们一些关于一个人的家庭。
今天，我们将开始通过寻找第一个名字和人们如何选择他们的孩子的名字。
然后我们会谈论家庭的名字，看看不同类别的家庭名称。
虽然今天的讲座的范围是英语的名字，我们可以使用同样的方法，你知道，从任何文化看的名称。
让我们先简要看看，或给定的名称。
有几种方法家长为孩子选择第一个名字。
第一种方式是由家族史。
父母可以选择一个名字，因为它是通过一代一代的；例如，第一个出生的儿子可能会以他的父亲或祖父的名字命名。
虽然家庭的名字也传递给女儿，它通常是作为一个中间名。
添加“初中”或“第二个”为例，威廉帕克只做了几秒钟的男孩'，而不是与女孩的名字。
父母选择一个名字的第二种方式是在一个家庭成员或朋友最近去世后，或有人“他们钦佩，像一个著名的领袖或著名的音乐家。
虽然大多数英文名字的意思是什么，例如，“李察”意味着强大和“安”意味着恩典，现在的意义不是主要原因，人们选择他们的婴儿的名字。
第三种方法是为孩子提供一个“推”。
家长想选择一个听起来很“成功”的名字，一个强大的名字可能会帮助他们在商业世界，例如。
或者他们可以选择一个名字，不论男女，像泰勒和特里。
因此，鉴于这三种方法，什么是最常见的方式家长选择一个名称。
许多家长选择一个名字，只是因为他们喜欢它，或因为它是时尚或经典。
在名字的变化就像他们在衣服。
一百年前，许多名字来自圣经的名字，如丹尼尔，安娜，和汉娜和马修。
然后五十年前，圣经的名字就不流行了。
如今，圣经的名字也越来越受欢迎了。
同样，父母经常选择经典的名字，在1900，1950流行的名字，现在仍然很受欢迎。
男孩的经典名字包括托马斯、戴维、罗伯特和米迦勒。
对于女孩们：安娜、伊丽莎白、艾米丽和凯瑟琳，只是举几个。
他们是经典的。
他们从来没有走出风格。
让我们在起源上看名字，也被称为姓氏或姓氏。
研究人员已经研究了成千上万的最后的名字，他们把他们分为四类。
类别：地名，patronymics，添加名称和职业名称。
最近的一项调查表明，目前在美国最受欢迎的7000个名字，百分之43是地名，百分之32是patronymics，百分之15是职业的名称，并新增百分之9名。
第一类是地名。
地名通常是指一个人生活或工作的地方。
有人叫约翰山住在一个小山附近，例如，和河流的家人住在一条河附近。
如果你听到艾玛桥的名字，你看到了什么形象。
你看到一个住在桥附近的家庭吗如果你这样做，你得到的想法。
第二类是patronymics。
这是p-a-t-r-o-n-y-m-i-c-s.一姓是父亲的名字，另加一个结束像s-e-n或s-o-n.结束意味着一个孩子，一个男孩，是他父亲的儿子。
的名字，罗伯森，彼得森，威尔逊是patronymics。
罗伯森是罗伯特的儿子，彼得森是皮特的儿子，等等。
第三类是添加名称。
语言学家有时称这类”的绰号，“但当我们大多数人听到这个词”的绰号，“我们认为特殊名字的朋友或父母可能使用。
“昵称”这个词实际上是一个古老的英文单词，意思是一个额外的名字，一个额外的名字。
因此，我将使用术语“添加名称”这一类的姓氏是有趣的，因为名称通常描述了一个人。
芦苇，鲍德温和比格斯的例子。
瑞德是红头发的“红”。
他是个秃头，他很少或没有头发。
和比格斯。
是的，有人大，对。
现在，如果我们环顾房间，我们可能会想出一些新的姓氏，如，嗯。
卷曲的或强烈的。
现在，第四类是职业名称。
家族名称的由来是人的职业。
职业名称今天仍在使用的最常见的例子是贝克（有人烤面包）。
裁缝（缝纫的人的衣服）。
米勒（谁让面粉面包），和史密斯。
..现在，史密斯实际上是在西方英语国家最常见的名字。
这个名字来源于一个古英语词，击杀，这是s-m-i-t-e，这意味着打击或撞击。
在过去的日子里，史密斯生活使金属的东西，像工具。
每一个城市需要的铁匠。
有趣的是，许多语言都有一个姓是史密斯。
阿拉伯语是h-a-d-d-a-d.哈达德，西班牙是埃雷拉，h-e-r-r-e-r a.在意大利是费雷罗，f-e-r-r-a-r-o.和德国是施密特，拼s-c-h-m-i-d-t.这些名字意味着史密斯。
虽然名字可以告诉我们一些关于某人的家族史，你需要记住，他们可能不会告诉我们很多关于现在的事情。
例如，名称的起源和现在的人之间没有太多的联系。
以厨师的名字为例。
今天一个叫厨师的人可能不会做饭谋生。
此外，许多人改变他们的名字的各种原因。
许多搬到美国的人已经改变了他们的名字听起来更美国化。
现在这种情况比过去少了，但人们仍然这样做。
人们也使用钢笔的名字或舞台名称，给自己一个专业的优势。
例如，塞缪尔克莱门斯用笔名马克吐温的作家，和托马斯曾用名使用艺名汤姆勾引人。
所以，让我们回顾一下现在。
在今天的课上，我们看了父母如何选择英语的名字。
我们也看了一些共同的起源的家庭名称。
在下一节课中，我们将看看韩国和日本的名字是如何命名的。
这是在这本书的下一部分。
这都是为了今天。
2文。
老师：今天的主题是英语作为一个全球性的语言。
我知道你们很多人都说英语作为第二语言，对吗？……老师：看，你们中的许多人将英语作为第二语言，甚至作为一种全球性的语言来与其他以英语为第二语言的人交流。
今天，我想给你们两种截然不同的观点：英语是否是一种全球性的语言。
首先，英语显然是一种全球性的语言。
支持这一观点的人认为英语是世界上使用交流的语言，它正在逐渐取代其他语言。
第二个观点是，英语并不是一个全球性的语言，因为它不是世界上人们所说的主要语言。
这一观点的支持者说，虽然许多人在世界范围内说一些英语，但英语并没有取代其他语言。
他们承认，人们每天使用英语，有很多原因，但这并不意味着英语正在取代其他语言，也没有使英语在世界上说的主要语言。
首先，让我们审视一下第一个观点。
首先，英语是商业、旅游和科学的主导语言。
当人们需要一种共同的语言时，他们经常使用英语。
想一想。
英语经常被用来在旅游信息中心，在国际酒店。
如果你在罗马使用出租车，你不会说意大利语，出租车司机比其他任何语言都更可能使用英语。
它是在商务会议和国际体育活动中使用的。
欧盟使用英语，以及法语，在其会议上……东盟亚洲贸易集团，在其会议上使用英语。
你能想到的其他情况下，英语作为共同语言。
很好的例子。
互联网已经创造了很多社区，人们经常使用英语。
事实上，大多数使用互联网的人都懂英语。
这有助于支持这一观点，即英语是一种全球性语言。
人们认为英语是一种全球性语言的第二个主要原因是它是七十五多个国家的官方语言。
这意味着这些国家在学校、银行、商业和政府中使用英语。
在这七十五个国家中，英语可能是该国唯一的官方语言，如在英国，或英语可能与其他官方语言一起使用，如在菲律宾、新加坡和印度。
在像印度这样的国家，在那里有这么多的语言，你可以看到如何使用英语作为一种官方语言，使人们更容易沟通。
支持全球论点的第三个理由是，每年大约有10亿人学习英语。
……好啊.有一个更普遍的原因。
关键的一点是，人们想要和需要学习英语，因为它提供他们的机会。
总之，英语每天都被许多人使用。
全世界的人都有很多原因接触。
他们需要一种共同的语言，一种便于交流的语言。
精通英语给人在这种情况下的优势。
好啊.我给了你很多英语是如何在各种情况下使用的例子。
然而，这是否意味着英语是一种全球性的语言让我们看看为什么有些人不相信英语已经取代了其他语言。
首先，有大约三倍的人说汉语作为他们的第一语言，因为那些说英语作为第一语言的人。
在许多国家，有些人每天用英语来工作，他们在其他地方不使用英语。
即使在英语国家，也有成千上万的人喜欢说一种语言以外的英语在家里，与朋友，或在工作。
第二，我之前提到的七十五个国家有英语作为他们的官方语言。
这并不意味着所有的人，甚至大多数在这些国家的人都会说英语。
例如，在印度，大多数来源同意只有约百分之5的人口讲英语。
这是一个很小的百分比！第三、一个人需要多少英语知道被称为英语演讲者？人们可能会学习一些特定的情况下的英语，如我前面提到的出租车司机。
然而，我认为你会同意我的想法这是一个出租车司机，谁知道一些这样的话，你要去哪里？”或“你的酒店叫什么名字？”是不是真的是一个精通英语的人。
另一个例子是航空语言的有限，英语是用于空中交通管制和飞行员。
日本航空公司或巴黎航空公司的飞行员要知道航空语言的有限。
但他们可能只学习他们所需要的英语单词这些工作，因此他们不能被认为是讲英语的人。
这里的一点是，世界各地的人可能会使用一些英语工作或其他情况。
然而，这并不意味着他们是流利的英语.他们仍然使用他们的第一语言进行日常交流。
英语不是他们的主要语言。
那么，这一切意味着什么呢？我认为说英语会继续下去是安全的在许多国际设置中使用的主要语言，因为，正如我说早些时候，世界各地的人们需要一种共同的语言。
并且，现在，英语是那个语言。
但是，英语不会取代其他语言，大多数日常交流和对我来说，这是一个全球性的语言，是一个取其他人的语言大多数日常交流。
有些人害怕这个。
他们担心随着人们越来越多地使用英语，他们的第一语言的能力将下降。
我认为人们会用英语和其他语言一起使用。
我们正在进入一个全球性的文化，并作为这种持续下去，我认为人们非英语国家将要保持他们的文化，包括他们第一语言。
他们可能仍然想学英语，但我看不到他们放弃自己的英语语言。
您是怎么想的？我要在那里停下来。
我知道这是一个大量的信息消化。
我们将继续谈论在英语单词中使用的一些差异像澳大利亚、新加坡和菲律宾这样的国家。
这都是为了今天。
来看看我，如果你有任何问题。
3文：单元3：高焦虑恐惧症老师：下午好。
今天我们将要转向一个新的话题心理学，并开始在一些具体的心理问题。
那里是一个各种各样的心理问题，可以影响我们在我们的日常生活中的一些是不那么严重，像一个恐惧的猫或昆虫，和其他人更严重。
现在作为心理学家，我们试图研究这些不同的问题和方法帮助人们。
我想通过谈论一个相当普通的一种讨论来开始讨论心理问题的恐惧症，这是p-h-o-b-i-a.首先，我要解释什么恐惧，然后我会谈谈为什么人有恐惧症的一些理论。
正如你可能知道的，一个恐惧症是一种恐惧。
所以你有恐惧症吗？哦,来吧，你可以告诉我，我是一个心理学家。
是的，莫妮卡？学生1：我有一个游泳的恐惧。
我不喜欢去海洋附近。
老师：好吧，那不是一个不寻常的恐惧症。
其他人呢？阿里？学生2：我讨厌狗。
我的意思是，我只是不喜欢他们。
当我看到一只大狗，事实上，任何一只狗，我只是很紧张，所以我避免他们。
老师：好吧，那是另一种常见的恐惧症。
感谢分享那些例恐惧症。
恐惧症是一种不正常的恐惧；这是一个极端的恐惧―一非常强烈的恐惧。