高三英语 Languagestudy
高考英语 Language+study课件
竞争/竞赛（vi.） compete 竞赛（n.） competition pete
in sth with/against sb for sth
参加…比赛 与某人竞争
角逐
They are competing with each other for the champion of the basketball match.
Exercises
1. Her mother _______ having read the letter. A. thought B. considered C. admitted D. advised 2. He admitted _____ a lie. A. telling B. to tell C. to telling D. tell 3. It was lucky for him to be admitted ____ the dream university he had longed for. A. as B. to C. with D. for
每隔几: every few+复数名词
Usually, medicine should be taken
every six hours / every sixth hour （每六小时） _____________________________.
Some of you go back home
every three weeks / every third week _______________________ _____
Exercises
1. It is well known to all that Beijing will ______ the 2008 Olympic Games. A. host B host for C. be hosted D. host with 2. He acted as host to his father’s friends. A. a person who sells food B. a person who receives guest C. a person who works in a restaurant D. a person who stays at home 3. Don’t worry. I’ll help to _____ the guests. A. hold B. wait C. accept D. host 4. ____ the Olympic Games is a great honor and a great responsibility for a country. A. Hosting B. Host C. To host D. Hosted
Unit+4+Language+Study2022-2023学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
2.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
(教材P50)People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.
【知识拓展】 (1)in shock震惊；吃惊 be a shock to... 使……吃惊 (2) shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
suffer pain/defeat/loss 遭受痛苦/失败/损失
(2) suffering n. 苦难；痛苦
sufferer n. 受难者
【明辨异同】suffer from/suffer 表示“遭受战争、自然灾害所带来的苦难”及“患病”, 后跟
suffer from a war, the flood, cough, headache, flu等。 其宾语通常是表示损失、失败、痛苦等抽象意义的词, 如
10．__s_ta_y__c_a_lm________ 保持冷静 11．__a_s_u__su_a_l________ 像往常一样
12．_t_h_e_n_u_m__b_e_r_o_f____ ……的数量
13．_g_o_t_h_r_o_u_g_h__and phrases
【知识拓展】 (1)as if从句用___陈_述__语__气___：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可 能发生的； (2)as if从句用____虚__拟__语__气____： ①从句用 ___一__般__过__去__时__,__b_e_动__词__用__w_e_r_e____(与现在的事实相反)； ②从句用____过__去__完__成__时___(与过去的事实相反)； ③从句用__w_o_u_l_d_/_c_o_u_l_d_/_m_i_g_h_t__d_o_形__式_ (与将来的事实相反)。
Unit-2-Office-新职业英语1
2.2 Language study
Leave an impression on
impressive
a. having a strong effect on sb., especially through size, or importance
How to make a good impression on your business partner? How to dress appropriately on business occasions? How to deal with foreigners and establish successful business relationship?
his pet peeves. 他总是犯语法错误.
2.2 Language study
sympathy
Have sympathy with
同情、理解
n. sharing the feelings of others (especially feelings of sorrow or pain)
e.g. My sympathies are with the jobless in this dispute. I have some sympathy with this point of view...
2. To think outside the box is to look further and to try not thinking of the obvious things, but to try thinking of the things beyond them.
2.2 Language study
现代大学英语精读1 lesson11_language study
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Lesson 11 - The Midnight Visitor
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confound
Word Study
v. a. to damn b. to perplex; puzzle c. to mix; confuse Examples: Confound it! 真讨厌！ Confound you! 去你的！ 去你的！ 真讨厌！ Her strange behavior confounded everyone in the hall. I was confounded to hear that he had resigned. They confounded Jack with Jimmy. They are twins.
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Lesson 11 - The Midnight Visitor
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Word Study
8. explanatory adj. meant to explain Examples: explanatory notes 注释 It’s the President’s explanatory speech.
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 11 - The Midnight Visitor
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Word Study
Exercise Please give the correct explanation of “stiff” in the following phrases and translate them.
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(完整版)英语词汇学试题
英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics,________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1. A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CII.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabularyIII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIV.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be groupedinto the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danishand Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and manyof those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII.16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration, carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English V ocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) （） D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes（）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning inparticular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10._______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific countryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of themorphemes combined.18._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.19.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the history of the wordexplains the meaning of the word.20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )V.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45. affective meaningVI.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VII.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:I. 1. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CII.16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaningIII.21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIV.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VIII.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, whichmake them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Wordsthat have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondarymeanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning .The first meaning is called ______.。
现代大学英语精读4lesson3_language study
Examples: She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror. He contemplated her with a faint smile.
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Lesson 3—Why Historians Disagree
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Word Study
3. contend v. a. to struggle, to be in rivalry b. to argue, to assert Examples: I know the charms of my rival are too powerful for me to contend with. Three armed groups are contending for power. Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously thought.
Examples: When historians and anthropologists first began to investigate the issue of prepatriarchal cultures they made two assumptions. While the criticisms vary, the underlying assumption is that overall economic growth has been speeding up.
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英语：Unit2《Language》Word study课件(1)(译林牛津版必修3)
• 二. 两者不可换用的情况： 两者不可换用的情况： 结构中只能用certain，不 在“It is…that结构中只能用 结构中只能用 ， 能用sure 能用 It is certain that he will come. 注：be sure to do sth.与 与 sure of doing sth.的区别 的区别 He is sure to succeed. (说话者认为“他” 说话者认为“ 说话者认为 一定会成功) 一定会成功 He is sure of succeeding. (“他”自己认 他 为一定成功) 为一定成功
Finish the sentences with the phrases: 3.总体说来 我们的努力没有白费。 总体说来, 我们的努力没有白费。 总体说来 As a whole ___ ___ _____ our efforts did not fail. 4.一切都取决于她喜不喜欢这个老板。 一切都取决于她喜不喜欢这个老板。 一切都取决于她喜不喜欢这个老板 depends on It all ______ _____ whether she likes the boss or not. . 5.吸烟会导致肺癌吗 吸烟会导致肺癌吗? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗 Does smoking ______ _____ lung cancer? contribute to
3. In spite of
despite prep.
1) Despite our efforts we still lost the game. Despite our efforts = Although we made efforts, 2) He came to the lecture despite his illness. despite his illness = although he was ill
高三英语全英文教案
高三英语全英文教案【篇一：高中英语全英文说课稿万能模板】interpretationgood morning, ladies and gentlemen. it’s my great honor and pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.i have been ready to begin this representation with five parts. analysis of the teaching material, the teaching aims, the important and difficult points, the studying methods, and the teaching procedure.part 1 teaching materialthe content of my lesson is new senior english for chinabook___ unit____________________. this unit isabout____________________ (topics). by studying of this unit, we’ll enable students to know_________________________ and develop the interest in___________________. at the same time, let the students learn how to____________________ (functional items). from this lesson, itstarts___________________________(structures). (as we all know, reading belongs to the input during the process of the language learning. the input has great effect on output, such as speaking and writing.) therefore, this lesson is in the important position of this unit. if the ss can master it well, itwill be helpful for them to learn the rest of this unit.part 2 teaching aimsaccording to the new standard curriculum and the syllabus (新课程标准和教学大纲), and after studying the teaching material, the teaching aims are the followings:1.knowledge objects (语言目标：语音，词汇，语法，功能，话题) (1)the ss can master the usage of the important words and expressions.(2)the ss can use the __________________ (grammar) in the proper situation.(3)the ss can understand the content of the lesson, talk about _______________________ (information) and get their own idea about _______________________________.2.ability objects (技能目标：听，说，读，写)(1) to develop the ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing(2) to guide ss to set up effective studying strategies.(3) to improve the student’s reading ability, especially their skimming and scanning ability.(4) to train the ss’ a bilities of studying by themselves and cooperating.3.emotion or moral objects (情感目标：兴趣，自信，合作，爱国，国际视野)(1)by completing the task, the ss increase their interest in____________________and set up self-confidence in_____________________.(2)teach the ss_________________________, put the moral education in the language study.part 3 the important and difficult pointsbased on the requirement of the syllabus.the important points are__________________________ suchas ______________.the difficult points are_________________________ forexample_____________.part 4 teaching methodsas is known to us all, a good teaching method requires thatthe teacher should help ss develop good sense of the english language. for achieving these teaching aims, (after the analysis of the teaching material and teaching aims,) i will use the following methods according to the modern social communication teaching theories(现代社会交际教学理论) .1. communicative approach(交际教学法)2. whole language teaching(整体语言教学法)3. task-based language teaching (任务教学法)4. total situational action (情景教学)a “scene —activity” teaching method , it establishes a real scene and the interaction between the teacher and the ss. atthe same time, cai (电脑辅助教学) can provide a real situation with its sound and picture, it can develop the ss creativity in learning english.part 5 teaching procedurestep 1 lead-in. (_____min)______________________________________________________ _____________purpose of my design: (1) to catch ss’ attention about the class/topic/passage.(2) to set up suspense/develop interest in _______________. step 2 pre-readingtask 1 (individual work, pair work, group work, class work;_____min)let ss______________________________________________________ _______task 2 (individual work, pair work, group work, class work;_____min)______________________________________________________ _____________now, let’s see what happened to the_______________/ let’s check whether it is right or not.purpose of my design: (1) to get to know something about the _________________.(2) to have a better understanding about the importance of___________________.step 3 while-readingtask 1 (individual work, pair work, group work, class work;_____min)skimming: ss should read the material fast to find out the main idea/topic sentence for each paragraph.para 1 ___________________para 2 ___________________para 3 ___________________task 2(individual work, pair work, group work, class work;_____min)scanning: listen to the tape part by part to finish___________________________.task 3 (individual work, pair work, group work, class work;_____min)scanning: guide ss to read the material carefully and take some important notes, then answer the following questions.task 4 (individual work, pair work, group work, class work;_____min)scanning: ask ss to read the material carefully and find out the correct answers to finish the following chart.purpose of my design:enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. and proper competition can arouse the ss’ interest in english learning. ―task-based‖ teaching method is used here to develop the ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trained.step 4 post-readingtask 1 (individual work, pair work, group work, class work;_____min)(接task3)ask ss to close books and finish the summary according their notes.(接task4)retell the story /sum up the passage in ss’ own words according to the chart.task 2 (individual work, pair work, group work, class work;_____min)discuss_______________________________________________with other group members and then choose a reporter to share their opinions about ____________________________________ with the whole class.purpose of my design:i think if the ss can finish this task well, they will benefit a lot in their spoken english. most ss can take their parts in theactivities, especially for the ss who have trouble in english study.step 5 homework1. __________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________ purpose of my design:homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. it will check whether the ss achieve the teaching aims.说课二i teaching aims:1. to develop ss’ basic skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. reading is the focus in this lesson. reading skills for ss include (predicting, skimming, scanning and digesting.)2. to encourage ss to practice, participate, and co-operate in the classroom activities.3. to get ss to know something about … and have a better understanding of the importance of …. as for teaching approaches, i think … ii teaching approaches communicative approach and computer-assisted instruction are to be used in the course of this lesson. and i will try my best to limit ttt, that is, limit teacher talking time and increase stt (student talking time).so during this lesson, emphases are to be laid on:1. student-centered teaching2. task-based learning3. activity-based teaching (individual work; pair work; group work; class work)iii teaching aids:1. a projector2. a multi-media computer systemthey are for showing ss some pictures, some audio files, some visual files, some topics or reading tasks.iv teaching procedurestep 1 warming-up lead-in activity 1 free talks (class work)q1: who do you think looks coolest in our class? q2: do you like him/her? q3: if so, why? if not, why? … download some pictures/music from the internet. guiding qs may be:q1: who’s she/he? q2: do you like him/her? q3: if so, why? if not, why?q4: do you think he/she is perfect? goal: to lead up to the topic, get ss to warm up and arouse their interest in the topic. activity 2 picture-talking /music-talking (individual work) step 2 pre-reading activity1 look and guess (class work) in this activity,ss are required to look at the title/subtitle and guess what they will read.the picture/… activity2 brain-storming (class work)goal: to develop ss’ reading skill---predicting and present some new words in the passage such as …activity 1 skimming (class work) step 3 readingpara of the article (or the first sentence or the last sentence of each para.) goal: to develop ss’ reading skill --- skimming, that is, how can we get the general idea of a passage as quickly as possible. activity 2 scanning (group work)titlepart/para.main ideadetailed information1 a. topic sentences/introductionb. examples/supporting ideasc. conclusiongoal: to develop ss’ reading skill---scanning, that is, how to find out the clue of a story and motivate ss to cooperate with each other. activity 3 report (class work) invite some group members to report their work to the whole class. goal: to overcome ss’ shyness and stimulate ss to speak in public. activity 4 further understanding and word study (pair work) encourage ss to discuss the following qs in pairs (a powerpoint will be used here to present some blank-filling exercises and q1: what does the word ―this‖ in the last para? but 3 refer to?a.b. c. a. b. d. d. q2: what is the chinese equivalent for the phrase ―investing in loss‖? c. q3: theword ―flawless‖ in line 5 of para.2 can be replaced by ___ q4: which of the following statements is true or not true? goal: to help ss to guess the meaning of certain unknown words and understand the passage exactly. multiple choices.)step 4 post-readingactivity1 role-play (pa ir work) suppose one student is a … and the other …. ss are encouraged to put themselves in the situation and make a face-to-face interview. activity2 discussion (group work)topics may be: q1: do u want to be perfect?q2: do u think there is anyone in the world that is perfect? ―remind you‖, remind yourself of what?activity3 poster-designing/cartoon-designing/… (group work) goal: these post-reading activities are intended to develop ss’ creative thinking and get them to know the importance of … task 1 write a summary of the passage (about 100 words) (individual work) goal: to spur ss to consolidate what they have learned. task 2 look up some more information about … (individual work) encourage ss to go to the school library or get on the internet if possible to consult related english websites on the topic. goal: to encourage ss to study english spontaneously and independently after class, arouse ss’ interest in traditional chinese culture and develop ss’ culture awareness and cross-culture communicative skills. as for myblackboard-design, since time is limited, i’d like to give a brief introduction. step 5 homework这是考取教师资格证的第二环节：说课。
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Clause
l
(main verbs) Clause
(main
verbs)
Past might/could/
condition should/would had done
al
+have done
Principle
Clause
Condition
(main verbs) al
Clause might/could/ d(midain
8. I would speak English as fluently
as my cousin if I had been brought
up in Britain.
Ex.2 on P70
1. I wish I had heard from Lily. 2. It is time that you went to school. 3. I wish there weren’t so much work
to do. 4. I wish I had not eaten so much
chocolate in my teens.
5. It is high time that we put an end to this silly argument.
6. I wish I could travel to the moon.
6. Alice would not have been fired by
her boss if she had been familiar
with the software. 7. My spoken English would not have
been improved a lot if I had not
Homework
Review and practice the Subjunctive
Mood.3
Practice
Ex.1 on P69
1. I would be able to relax if I had not piles of homework to do.
2. My wife would not have many friends in the neighbourhood if she were not easygoing.
should/would wvereerbtos)do
Future +do
should do
condition
al
2. S. + wish + that-clause → S. + V.
would/could + do → did
had done
3. It’s time that-clause → S. + V. → did
3. Many large areas would not have been saved from flooding in 1998, if it had not been for the help of tens of thousands of PLA soldiers.
4. Ben would not have had a traffic accident if he had not driven too fast on his way to Florida.
Language study
1.
Present condition
al
Principle Clause (main mvigehrbt/sco) uld/ should/ would+do
Condition al Cdildause (main verbs)
Principle Conditiona