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综合素质小学复习资料

综合素质小学复习资料

综合素质小学复习资料
1. 前言
综合素质是指一个人在多个方面综合发展的能力。

在小学阶段,培养学生的综合素质非常重要。

为了帮助小学生复习和提高综合素质,本文档提供了一份综合素质小学复习资料。

2. 语文
2.1 作文
•如何写好作文?
–首先,明确主题,清晰表达观点。

–其次,用恰当的词语和句子组织句子,让文章流畅易读。

–最后,注意语法和标点的正确使用。

2.2 阅读理解
•如何做好阅读理解?
–阅读材料前,注意题目要求和关键词。

–每段小文章,找出关键信息,理清文章的逻辑结构。

–选项中,排除无关选项,选择最符合文章的答案。

3. 数学
3.1 四则运算
•加减乘除的概念和运算法则。

•练习题:计算 25 + 37 - 18 = ?
3.2 几何
•图形的认识和性质:如正方形、长方形、圆形。

•练习题:计算一个边长为 6cm 的正方形的周长和面积。

4. 英语
4.1 单词拼写
•复习常见的英语单词的拼写和词义。

•练习题:拼写单词。

测量学复习参考资料

测量学复习参考资料
⑽等精度观测情况下最或然值及其中误差的计算 ⑾导线坐标计算 ⑿视距测量计算 ⒀地形图的应用
鲁恒
测量学复习题
一.填空
1.水准管的分划值表示水准器的 起来越 。 2.直线定向的基本方向有 其中 是不精确的,但它可以用 观测的方法测定。 。分划值越小,则气泡越 三种。 仪简单地测定,而 , 。 但缺点是 。 ,因此主 则要用天文 ,其定平
6.试述用微倾水准仪做水准测量要取得满意的结果,要注意哪些问题?
7.什么是等高线的等高距和平距?等高线的特性有哪些?
8.什么是水准测量?水准测量的原理是什么?
鲁恒
9、简述地物符号的种类及使用条件,并举例说明。
10、什么叫水准管轴?什么叫视准轴?水准管轴与视准轴有什么关系 ?当气泡居中时,水准管轴在什么位置上?
31、衡量一组观测值的精度的指标是( ) A、中误差 B、允许误差 C、相对误差 D、算术平均值中误差
鲁恒
32、下列误差中( )为偶然误差。 A、照准误差和估读误差 B、横轴误差和指标差 C、水准管轴不 平行于视准轴的误差 D、指标差和对中误差 33、在全圆方向观测法中,同一盘位起始方向的两次读数之差叫( ) A、归零差 B、测回差 C、2C互差 D、方向差 34、导线测量的外业工作是( ) A、选点、测角、量边 B、埋石、造标、绘草图 C、距离丈量 、水准测量、角度测量 D、选点、埋石、绘草图 35、在比例尺为1:2000,等高距为2m的地形图上,如果按照指定坡度i=5% ,从坡脚A到坡顶B来选择路线,其通过相邻等高线时在图上的长度为( ) A、10mm B、20mm C、25mm D、15mm
鲁恒
16、由图中数据可确定( )点为最低点
17. 若A、B两点的纵、横坐标增量分别为:△xAB= -81.400, △yAB=+0.421m,则A、B边坐标方位角为( )。 A、-0°17′47″ B、359°42′13″ C、180°17′47″ D、179°42′13″

微生物复习总结资料

微生物复习总结资料

微生物复习资料总结一.名词解释1. 微生物.个体微小,结构简单,肉眼看不见或看不清的微小生物的总称。

2.菌落:单个微生物细胞或一小堆同种细胞在固体培养基表面在适宜的培养条件下以母细胞为中心形成的有一定形态结构的子细胞集团。

3.发酵:厌氧微生物的一种产能方式,有机物氧化放出的电子直接交给基质本身未完全氧化的某种中间产物,放出少量能量和产生各种不同的中间产物。

4.转化:受体菌在环境中直接吸收供体菌的部分DNA片段,并整和到自身的DNA组合中,获得供体菌部分遗传性状的现象。

5.选择培养基:根据某种微生物的特殊营养需要或对某种化合物的敏感性不同而设计的一种培养基。

6.生长因子:指微生物生长所必须且需求量很小,微生物自身不能合成以满足机体生长需要的有机物。

7.化能自养:利用无机物氧化放出的化学能为能源,以二氧化碳或碳酸盐为唯一碳源或主要碳源的营养类型。

8.BOD:五日生化需氧量。

9.烈性噬菌体:引起寄主细胞迅速裂解的噬菌体10. 将含有微生物的纯种或材料转移到培养基上的过程11.一些属的细菌当生长到一定阶段时,细胞内部即形成一种圆形或椭圆形的特化的休眠体。

12. L型细菌:严格地说,专指实验室或宿主体内通过自发突变而形成的遗传性稳定的细胞壁缺损的菌株。

13.鉴别性培养基:一类在成分中加有能与目的菌的无色代谢产物发生显色反应的指示剂,从而达到只须用肉眼辨别颜色就能方便地从近似菌落中找到目的菌菌落的培养基。

14.同步生长:这种通过同步培养而使细胞群体处于分裂步调一致的状态,就称同步生长。

15.无菌技术:在分离、转接及培养纯培养物时防止其被其他微生物污染,自身也不污染操作环境的技术称为无菌技术。

2.噬菌斑:由于噬菌体粒子对敏感菌宿主细胞的侵染和裂解,而在菌苔上形成具有一定大小、形状、边缘的透明圈,称为噬菌斑。

3.溶源性: 温和噬菌体侵入宿主细胞后,由于基因组整合到宿主细胞的基因组上,与宿主细胞 DNA 同步复制,因此,一般情况下不引起宿主细胞裂解,这称为溶源性。

复习资料

复习资料

名词解释:1、内含物:指细胞质内一些形状较大的颗粒状结构。

2、贮藏物:贮藏物是一类由不同化学成分累积而成的不溶性沉淀颗粒。

当细菌生长到成熟阶段,因营养过剩而形成。

主要功能是贮存营养物。

3、异染粒:是无机偏磷酸的聚合物,颗粒大小为0.5~1.0μm。

一般在含磷丰富的环境下形成。

功能是贮藏磷元素和能量,并可降低细胞的渗透压。

嗜碱性或嗜中性较强,用蓝色染料如甲苯胺蓝或美篮染色后不呈蓝色而呈紫红色,故称异染粒。

4、聚-β-羟丁酸:是存在于许多细菌细胞质内属于类脂性质的碳源类贮藏物,具有贮藏能量、碳源和降低细胞内渗透压的作用。

不溶于水,而溶于氯仿。

很容易被脂溶性染料如苏丹黑着染,在光学显微镜下清晰可见。

5、磁小体:存在于趋磁细菌中主要成分是Fe3O4外有一层磷脂、蛋白或糖蛋白膜,是单磁畴晶体,无毒,具有导向作用,即借助鞭毛游向泥、水界面微氧环境处生活。

6、羧酶体:存在于一些自养细菌内的多角形或六角形内含物,内含1,5—二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶,在自养细菌的CO2固定中起关键作用。

7、气泡:是存在于许多光合营养型、无鞭毛运动的水生细菌中的一种充满气体的泡囊状内含物。

功能:调节细胞密度以使细胞漂浮在最适水层中获取光能、O2和营养物质。

8、比较支原体、立克次氏体和衣原体的主要区别。

立克次氏体是一类专性寄生于真核细胞内的G-原核生物。

它与支原体的区别是有细胞壁和不能独立生活,与衣原体的区别在于其细胞较大、无滤过性和存在产能代谢系统。

9、酵母菌的生活史●酿酒酵母生活史:特点:1)一般情况下都以营养体状态进行出芽繁殖;2)营养体既可以单倍体形式存在,也能以二倍体形式存在;3)在特定条件下进行有性繁殖。

八孢裂殖酵母特点1)营养细胞为单倍体2)无性繁殖以裂殖方式进行3)二倍体细胞不能独立生活,故此阶段很短●八孢裂殖酵母的生活史:单倍体营养细胞进行无性裂殖两个营养细胞接触后形成接合管,发生质配后即行核配,两个细胞联成一体每二倍体的核分裂3次,第一次为减数分裂形成8个单倍体的子囊孢子子囊破裂,释放子囊孢子●路德类酵母的生活史单倍体子囊孢子在孢子囊内成对接合,并发生质配和核配接合后的二倍体细胞萌发,穿破子囊壁二倍体的营养细胞可独立生活,芽殖无性繁殖二倍体营养细胞内核发生减数分裂,营养细胞成为子囊,形成4个单倍体子囊孢子10、真酵母:既有无性繁殖,又有有性繁殖过程。

公基知识复习资料(整理版)

公基知识复习资料(整理版)

公共基础知识总纲1、马克思主义基本原理;2、毛泽东思想概论;3、中国特色社会主义理论体系;4、当代中国的政府与政治;5、国家机关工作人员的职业道德;6、法律知识;7、语文基础知识;8、公文写作;9、经济知识;10、科技常识;11、中国近现代史;12、世界现代史;13、国际国内重大事件。

题型:1、单选;2、多选;3、不定项选;4、实务;5、论述;6、简析;7、写作;8、案例分析;9、综合分析;10、材料处理第一篇政治常识第一章马克思主义哲学基本原理1、马克思主义哲学概述哲学哲学的基本问题马克思主义哲学的中国化及其理论成果2、唯物论世界的物质性意识物质与意识的关系及实践基础3、唯物辩证法唯物辩证法的两大特征:联系和发展唯物辩证法的三大基本规律[质量互变规律、否定之否定规律、对立统一规律]唯物辩证法的五对范畴[现象与本质、必然和偶然、原因与结果、可能与现实、形式与内容]坚持唯物辩证法、防止和反对形而上学4、认识论认识与实践实践及其基本形式实践与认识的辩证关系认识的本质认识的辩证运动过程真理与价值5、历史唯物主义历史观的基本问题社会发展的基本规律社会发展的动力第一节马克思主义哲学概述一、哲学1.哲学,是理论化、系统化的世界观;是世界观和方法论的统一;是自然知识、社会知识、思维知识的概括、总结;2.与具体科学,是共性与个性、一般与特殊的关系;具体科学,是哲学的基础;哲学,随其他科学的发展而发展;哲学,给具体科学以世界观、方法论的指导,使之相互作用、相互促进。

二、哲学的基本问题1.物质和意识的问题①谁为第一性划分唯物主义、唯心主义的唯一标准。

哲学两大派别的根本区别。

②有无统一性划分可知论、不可知论的标准。

可知论:一切的唯物主义者&彻底的唯心主义者;不可知论:本质上是唯心主义的一种表现。

2.唯物主义和唯心主义、可知论和不可知论①唯心主义的基本类型——主观唯心主义&客观唯心主义②唯物主义的历史形态三种形态:古代朴素唯物主义;近代形而上学唯物主义=机械唯物主义:机械性、形而上学、不彻底;现代唯物主义:辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义3.马克思主义哲学①产生条件社会历史条件:资义经济高速发展、资义社会矛盾充分暴露;阶级基础:无阶与资阶矛盾上升为社会主要矛盾,无阶作为独立的政治力量登上历史舞台;自然科学:19C自然科学三大发现—细胞学说、能量守恒与转化定律、生物进化论;直接理论来源:19C德国古典哲学,黑格尔的辩证法哲学、费尔巴哈的唯物主义哲学②基本特征✓第一次在实践的基础上实现了唯物主义&辩证法的统一;辩证的唯物主义、唯物主义的辩证法;✓第一次实现了唯物主义的自然观&历史观的统一;将唯物辩证观念贯穿到社会历史领域;✓实现了实践基础上的科学性&革命性的统一;由它的实践性决定的、阶级性要求的。

五年级下册复习资料

五年级下册复习资料

五年级下册复习资料数学1. 四则运算•加法•减法•乘法•除法2. 小数与分数的运算•小数的相加、相减、相乘、相除•分数的相加、相减、相乘、相除3. 数字的列数与顺序•数字的顺序排列•数字的前序后续4. 数字与代数的应用•数字与代数的关系•数字与代数的应用5. 长度、面积和体积的计算•长度的计算•面积的计算•体积的计算6. 数据分析•数据的读取和整理•散点图的制作•直方图的制作•折线图的制作语文1. 字音字形•声母与韵母•声调的变化•声调符号的运用2. 识字掌故•四字成语•成语的意义和用法•成语的故事来源•成语的运用3. 古诗词•名句的鉴赏与背诵•古诗的创作者及其背景4. 现代诗歌•现代诗歌的特点•现代诗歌的鉴赏与背诵5. 修辞手法与修辞功能•借喻的修辞手法•夸张的修辞手法•排比的修辞手法•比喻的修辞手法6. 外国文学作品欣赏•被翻译成中文的外国文学作品•外国文学作品的主题与风格英语1. 词汇•单词的拼写•单词的词义和词性•词组和篇章2. 语法•现在进行时的用法•一般过去时的用法•未来时的用法•定冠词和不定冠词的用法3. 句型•定语从句•状语从句•让步从句4. 阅读•短文阅读理解•阅读技巧5. 写作•书信写作•日记写作•描写事物的写作自然科学1. 植物世界•花的结构与分类•种子的结构与分类•植物的繁殖方式2. 动物世界•哺乳动物的特点与分类•鸟类的特点与分类•鱼类的特点与分类•爬行动物的特点与分类3. 地球与宇宙•地球的结构与特点•宇宙的结构与特点4. 科学实验•科学实验的步骤与方法•科学实验的设计与观察5. 环境保护•如何保护环境与节约资源•环境污染对生态系统的影响社会与生活1. 世界的分区•世界地图•世界的分区与大洲的特点2. 中国的分区•中国地图•中国的地理分区与特点3. 历史与文化•中国的历史发展•中国古代的著名人物和事件4. 政治与经济•中国的政治制度和领导机构•中国的经济发展与特点5. 志愿服务•志愿服务的目的和意义•志愿服务的方式和形式6. 交通安全•交通规则与法律•交通工具的安全使用以上是五年级下册的复习资料,希望能对同学们的学习有所帮助。

英语复习资料(全)

英语复习资料(全)英语期末考试复习文档一、作文(无)二、听力(三选一)三、阅读1、选词填空(15选10)(四选一)2、长篇阅读(四选一)3、仔细阅读(无)四、翻译(15选5)二、听力部分New 1-3Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 0’401. A)Islamist militants are still in control of the town. [iz'lɑ:mist] 伊斯兰教主义者;回教教徒;武装分子B)French forces have entered the town.C)Islamist militants are attacking the airport.D)French forces are going to land at the airport.2. A)To control Kidal airport. (基达尔, 奇达镇)B)To protect the capital Bamako. ['b?m?k?u]巴马科C)T o protect the town.D)To fight against Islamist militants.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 2’353. A) It didn't do enough to celebrate the 100th anniversary of WWI.B) It showed little respect to other European countries.C) It tended to focus on the crimes of WWI.D) It tried to deny the crimes committed by the Nazis.4. A) Indifferent.B) Opposed.C) Neutral.D) Numb.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 4’405. A)The income gap is widening in developed countries.B)Cancer cases are increasing dramatically.C)Unhealthy foods can increase the risk of cancer.D)Burden of cancer is shifting to poor countries.6. A)Most cancer patients were from poor regions.B)Cancer had a significant impact around the world.C)All sorts of cancers could be prevented.D)Rich people were more likely to have cancer.7. A)Drink more water.B)Be on a diet.C)Quit smoking.D)Do exercises.答案Section A (7分)1. B2. C3. A4. B5. D6. D7. CSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.French forces say they have entered Kidalin the north of Mali 马里(西非国家), the last major town they have yet to secure in their drive against Islamistmilitants. French forces now control Kidal airport after a number of aircraft, including helicopters, landed there last night. Islamist militants were reported to have already left the town and it was unclear who was in charge. France—the former colonial power in Mali—launched a military operation this month after Islamist militants appeared to be threatening the south. French army spokesman confirms that "French troops were deployed部署overnight in Kidal". One regional security source told the Press that French aircraft had landed at Kidal and that protection helicopters are in the sky. Kidal, 930 miles north-eastof the capital Bamako ['b?m?k?u]巴马科, was until recently under the control of the Islamist militants.1. What is the situation now in Kidal according to the news?2. Why did the French launch the military operation?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.These days, German government has been criticized for not doing enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of World War I. Germany has spent less on events than some other European countries. And the events which have taken place have been seen as half-hearted by critics.Traditionally in Germany the First World War is overshadowed by the Second World War. History teaching in German schools tends to focus on the crimes of the Nazis rather than what happened a generation earlier. And since 1945 there's been a strong aversion in Germany to anything that might be seen as glorifying militarism. So many people here are uncomfortable with any anniversary of a war or a battle.There's still some disagreement among historians about who was responsible for World War I. But having spent the last 70 years making up for Nazi guilt, many Germans have little appetite to now take on the blame for the First World War, too.3. What makes the German government be criticized recently?4. What's the attitude of German people towards militarism?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.A recent research showed that the global burden of cancer is shifting dramatically. (6) Once considered a disease of the wealthy, it now has a significant impact in every region, and the greatest proportional increases in cases in the coming years are predicted to be in the poorest corners of the world (5). Worldwide, an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases were diagnosed in 2012 and 8.2 million cancer deaths.In an analysis that maps the world's hot spots for cancer, epidemiologist Lindsey Torre found cancer rates declining inhigh-income countries but rising in lower-income countries.(7) Better screening, early detection and access to treatment plus a decrease in risk factors like smoking probably explain part of the positive trend among the high-income countries.5. What is the main idea of the news?6. What did people think about cancer before this research?7. According to the news, what can possibly help reduce the risk of cancer?New 4-6Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 0’401. A ) Parks.B) Restaurants.C) Offices.D) Bars.2. A) Television producers.B) Hotel owners.C) Medical workers.D) Hospital management.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 2’403. A) A Russian cargo ship in danger.B) Icebergs in the Russian sea.C) A vessel's collision with a cargo ship.D) Severe weather of Russia's eastern coast.4. A) While it was fishing in a fishing area.B) Just before it left the port.C) When it was on the route to a fishing area.D) When it sailed back from a fishing area.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 4’205. A) It does not have to borrow money any more.B) It does not pay off the money.C) Its economy is becoming worse.D) Its unemployment is at its highest point.6. A) It is still 42% smaller.B) It is still 20% smaller.C) It is still 6% smaller.D) It is still 9% smaller.7. A) Euro's economy has an invulnerable growth.B) Foreign investment boosts its economy.C) The recession in the Euro zone has ended.D) The global economy is becoming better.答案Section A (7分)1. C2. B3. A4. C5. B6. D7. CSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.A tough anti-smoking law has taken effect in Spain. The ban, one of the strictest in Europe, outlaws smoking in all bars and restaurants. Smokers will also be prohibited on television broadcast, near hospitals, or in school playgrounds. The law tightens anti-smoking restrictions introduced in 2006. The anti-smoking rules introduced in 2006 outlawed smoking only in the workplace. It let bar andrestaurant owners choose whether or not to allow it. Most chose not to impose any ban. Only large restaurants and bars were obliged to provide a smoke-free area. Now hotel, restaurant, and bar owners have said they could face a ten percent drop in trade with the new rules. The industry has already seen a sharp fall in sales due to Spain's economic problems, but doctors argue the new legislation will help smokers give up.1. Where was smoking not allowed, according to the 2006 anti-smoking rules?2. According to the news, who are more likely to react negatively to the new law?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.A Russian cargo ship with about 30 crew members aboard was in danger of sinking off Russia's eastern coast while stormyweather interfered with rescue efforts, state-run Itar-Tass news agency said Friday. Ice had formed on the outside of the ship, and the crew was chipping it off. The crew sent out a distress signal, but there was no explanation of the problem. Because of the severe weather, aircraft can't be used to rescue the crew.According to Itar-T ass, the vessel is about 90 miles from an oil rig 钻油平台where rescue vessels are based, while a tugboat 拖船dispatched 派遣from land was still about four times farther away. The cargo ship had been on route to a fishing area when it experienced problems, the news agency reported. The ship hauls fish from boats to ports.3. What is news report mainly about?4. When did the cargo ship get into trouble?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.It is being called Ireland's exit from the emergency assistance. If all goes to plan, Ireland will receive no more financial assistance. It does not mean that the money has been paid off—that will take until 2042.Ireland will still need to borrow—and all the signs are that it will be able to do so in the financial markets at an affordable cost. The country's economy has shown signs of stabilization. It has grown, though unusually, and unemployment is down from its highs. But living standards have been hit—the economy is still 9% smaller than it was six years ago.This is an important stage in the Euro zone's financial repair effort. It certainly helps that the recession in the Euro zone has ended—that the economy of the region as a whole has started to grow again. But it is still vulnerable growth. Europe needs stronger performance to generate the tax revenue that could really help struggling governments get control of their borrowingneeds.5. What do we learn about Ireland from the news report?6. What's said about Ireland's economy compared with that of 6 years ago?7. What contributes to the Euro zone's financial repair according to the news?New 7-9Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1A.She is 17-year-old.B.She works in a hotel.C.Her legs got severely injured.D.Her job is a restaurant employee.2A.In early August.B.In late August.C.In early October.D.In late October.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 1’503A.Terrorist attacks.B.Political protests.C.Extreme weather.D.Heavy traffic jams.4A.Where matches take place.B.Where protests may take place.C.In downtown Vancouver.D.Around the athletes' village.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 3’555A.Electricity shortage.B.Food shortage.C.The heavy burden of studies.D.Overtime exposure to sunlight.6A.1 hour.B.2 hours.C.3 hours.D.2.5 hours.7A.Students in South East-Asia have great pressure in study.B.Genetic factors in visual impairment and blindness.C.Students in South East-Asia should spend more time outdoors.D.The reason why students in South East-Asia have pressure.答案1.D2.D3.B4.D5. C6.C7. CQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Four American teenagers, all children of U.S. military personnel, have been arrested on charges of attempted murder after a woman was knocked off her motorbike with rope strungacross two poles, Japanese police said. The four suspects—two 15-year-old boys, a 17-year-old girl and an 18-year old man—were taken into custody on Saturday, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department said. They are accused of causing a severe head injury to a 23-year-old girl who works at a restaurant by stringing a rope between poles across a road.U.S. forces in Japan was informed of the August incident in late October, a public information officer said. There was no clear explanation for the delay in the handover of the suspects to police, otherthan it involved rules between Washington and T okyo covering U.S. forces and their dependents in Japan. The U.S. military presence and its impact on Japanese residents have beena thorny issue over the years.1.What do we know about the victim?2.When did the U.S. forces in Japan know about the incident?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.An Olympics security plan five years in the making is taking shape in Vancouver this week. The Canadian Police is heading up the $900 million security operation, the largest in Canada's history. It will involve 15,000 police, private security and military personnel. The Winter Olympics will take place February 12th to 28th in 2010 in Vancouver. (3) Political protests may pose the biggest threat to the games. The threat of terrorist attack is rated as low. But the memory of the 1972 Munich Olympics has not gone away. That year, a terrorist group attacked the athletes' village, eventually killing 11 Israeli athletes and coaches. (4) It is no coincidence that in Vancouver security patrols are particularly evident around the low-rise apartment buildings, where the athletes will be housed. In downtown Vancouver some roads arealready closed, and rings of security fencing surround some key venues. What's more, 900 surveillance cameras will be put on top of fencing to detect dangers.3.What may be the biggest threat to the 2010 Winter Olympic Games?4.Where is the presence of security patrols most evident?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.The strong emphasis on educational achievement in South East-Asia may be coming at a heavy price.(5) Researchers say that hard work at school plus the lack of exposure to outdoor light is damaging the eyes of almost nine out of ten students—with one in five at serious risk of visual impairment and blindness. (6)The scientists say that young people need up to three hours a day of outdoor light, but many infants are also missing out as they nap during lunch time.The scientists say that genetic factors, long thought to play a big role in shortsightedness, are not as important as the environment. They point to Singapore as a place with several distinct ethnic groups, all of whom are now suffering high levels of shortsightedness.(7)The authors suggest that essential time outdoors should be considered by educational authorities across South-East Asia as a way of dealing with the problem.5.What accounts for the poor eyesight for many South East-Asian students?6.How long do the young people need to be exposed to outdoor light each day?7.What is the main idea of the news?短文1-2Passage OneQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have justheard.16. A) When someone has helped him.B) When someone has done harm to him.C) When someone in a shop has served him.D) When someone has given him a gift.17. A) He feels interested.B) He feels annoyed.C) He feels himself thanked.D) He feels comfortable.18. A) Empty thanks make Americans comfortable.B) Empty thanks make Americans less anxious to help you.C) It’s not necessary to tell an American that your English is not good enough.D) No one should apologize to an American for not being able to speak very good English. Passage Two 3’25Questions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) In the countryside.B) In America.C) In Western countries.D) In China.20. A) Because the dog can help him to fight other animals.B) Because the dog can frighten thieves.C) Because the dog can help him do things.D) Because the dog can play with him when he is alone.21. A) The dog would not eat if his master did not allow him to eat.B) Dogs are used for driving sheep.C) One of the reasons that people in towns still keep dogs is that dogs can be used to look after their children.D) A dog can be everybody’s friend.Section C (20分)16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D21. C 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. CPassage One“Thank you”means that you appreciate what someone has done for you, very often, very small and most ordinary things. So we in the West thank people all day long. For instance, you will thank the saleswoman after she has attended to you. You will say “Thank you”to the waitress when she brings you a cup of coffee. And a teacher will say “Thank you”to a student who has just answered the question. At home, the husband will thank the wife when she brings him a glass of water.However, too many expressions of gratitude give Westerners the sense of empty thanks, and make them uncomfortable. For example, if an American has spent half an hour helping you write some letters, you will, of course, want to say, “Thank you, I really appreciate your time.”That’s enough. If you go on and on with statements of thanks, and even add “I’m sorry to have wasted so much of your time”, he will feel himself not thanked but annoyed and will not be anxious to help you again. And if he gets really annoyed, he might say, “Well, if you really think that you are wasting my time, you had better stay out of my way.”There is also no need for you to apologize for your not being able to speak good English wherever you go and whomever you meet.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.16. When doesn’t an American say “Thank you”?17. How does an American feel when he is thanked again and again?18. Which of the following is NOT true?Passage TwoIf you are in a Western country, you’ll often see people walking with their dogs. A dog is themost useful animal in the world, but the reason why one keeps a dog has changed.Once upon a time, a man met a dog and wanted it to help him in the fight against other animals, and he found that the dog listened to him and did what he told him to. Later people used dogs for the hunting of other animals, and the dogs did not eat what they got until their master agreed. So dogs were used for driving sheep and guarding chickens.Now the people in the town and cities do not need dogs to fight other animals. They keep them to frighten thieves. But the most important reason is that people feel lonely in the city. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with. For a young wife, a dog is her child when she doesn’t have her own. For old people a dog is also a child when their real children have grown up and left. Now people do not have to use a dog, but they keep it as a friend, just like a member of the family.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.19. Where can we see people walking with their dogs according to the article?20. Why does a child want to keep a dog?21. Which of the following is wrong?短文3-4Passage OneQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) On the radio.B) From the manager.C) At the supermarket.D) From newspaper advertisement.17. A) To get a free basket of goods.B) To meet the manager.C) To get a free basket.D) To fill all her cupboards.18. A) The one who will be lucky.B) The one who has a cupboard full of useful things.C) The one who hopes to get free goods every day.D) The one who dreams to become a manager.Passage TwoQuestions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) British people.B) Greeks and Persians.C) Egyptians.D) Persians.20. A) They believed that the cat was a god.B) They showed their sadness for a long time.C) They shot arrows.D) They shaved their eyebrows off.21. A) They become even stronger.B) They look like pets.C) They are smaller with smaller brains.D) They weigh 9,000 kilograms.答案16. C 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. D21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. BPassage OneAll the housewives who went to the supermarket had one great ambition: to be the lucky customer who did not have to pay for the shopping. For this was what the notice just inside the entrance promised. It said: Remember, once a week, one of our customers gets free goods. This may be Your Lucky Day!For several weeks Mrs. Edwards hoped, like many of her friends, to be the lucky customer. Unlike her friends, she never gave up hope. The cupboards in her kitchen were full of things which she did not need. Her husband tried to advise her against buying things but failed. She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would approach her and say: “Madam, this is Your Lucky Day. Everything in your basket is free.”The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.16. Where did the housewives learn about the offer of free goods?17. What did Mrs. Edwards want very much to do?18. What kind of customer did Mrs. Edwards want to become?Passage TwoIt’s true that the British are a nation of animal lovers, but they are not the first people to be interested in cats, dogs and other creatures. Sometimes men can often be cruel, but sometimes men treat animals better than they treat other people.In ancient Egypt, people believed that the cat was a god. When a cat died, its owners showed their sadness by the strange habit of shaving their eyebrows off! But even 9,000 years ago, the Greeks and Persians had dogs as pets. However, when animals become pets, the result, after a number of generations, is a smaller animal with a smaller brain.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.19. Who have the longest history of raising animals as their pets?20. What did ancient Egyptians do after their cats died?21. What will happen after animals have become pets for generations?短文5-6Passage FiveQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16A.Four to six hours.B.Six to nine hours.C.Around eight hours.D.More than eight hours.17A.They may not be able to focus well.B.They may get the feeling of being drunk.C.They may lose much weight in a short period.D.They may suffer from high blood pressure.18A.Training can make people sleep less temporarily./doc/269469642.html,itary people are used to being deprived of sleep.C.People can bank sleep by sleeping more beforehand.D.Sleeping earlier than usual makes people sleep less.Passage SixQuestions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19A.Exposing skin to sunlight will certainly lead to skincancer.B.UV rays can help lower people's blood pressure.C.Heart attacks and stoke are linked to low blood pressure.D.Bathing in the sun helps build people's mental health.20A.Vitamin DB.UV rays.C.Body temperature.D.Blood pressure.21A.Heart rate.B.Vitamin D levels.C.Body temperature.D.Blood pressure.答案Section C (20分)16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. BPassage OneWe waste a third of our lives sleeping. When there doesn't seem to be enough hours in the day, you yearn to be like the former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who was said to get by on just four hours' sleep a night. There is a quite a range in the number of hours we like to sleep. 80% of us manage between six and nine hours a night; the other 20% sleep more or less than this.There is plenty of evidence that a lack of sleep has an adverse effect. We do not simply adjust to it—in the short-term it reduces our concentration, and if it's extreme it makes us confused and distressed, and turns us into such poor drivers of being drunk.The long-term effects are even more worrying. Repeatedly getting less sleep than you need over the course of decades is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart diseases.But while it might not be possible to train yourself to sleep less, researchers working with the military have found that you can bank sleep beforehand if you plan well in advance. At the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research they had people go to bed a couple of hours earlier than usual every night for a week. When they were subsequently deprived of sleep they didn't suffer as much as the people who hadn't had the chance to bank sleep in advance.16. How much time do most people usually sleep every night?17. What could happen if people didn't get enough sleep fora long time?18. What do the researchers find about the military?Passage TwoThe health benefits of exposing skin to sunlight may far outweigh the risk of developing skin cancer, according to scientists. Edinburgh University research suggests sunlight helps reduce blood pressure, cutting heart attack and stroke risks and even prolonging life. UV rays were found to release a compound which lowers blood pressure. Researchers said more studies would be carried out to determine if it is time to reconsider advice on skin exposure. Heart disease and stroke linked to high blood pressure are estimated to lead to about 80-times more deaths than those from skin cancer in the UK. Production of the pressure reducing compound is separate from the body's manufacture of vitamin D, which rises after exposure to sunshine. Researchers said that until now vitamin D had been thought tosolely explain the sun's benefit to human health.During the research, researchers studied the blood pressure of 24 volunteers under UV and heat lamps. In one session, the volunteers were exposed to both the UV rays and the heat of the lamps. In the other, the UV rays were blocked so that only the heat of the lamps affected the skin. The results showed that blood pressure dropped significantly for one hour following exposure to UV rays, but not after the heat-only sessions. Scientists said that this suggested it was the sun's UV rays that lead to health benefits. The volunteers' vitamin D levels remained unaffected in both sessions. The study will be presented in Edinburgh at the world's largest gathering of skin experts.23. What can be learned from Edinburgh University's research?24. What was thought to be the only element to explain sun9s benefit to human health?25. Which element is said to be unaffected in the research?三、阅读部分1、选词填空(15选10)(四选一)1、第三册第1单元12-13段I suspect not everybody who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don?t entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.The other requirement is energy-a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead。

高三化学第一轮复习总结资料(知识归纳)

(2011年1月)高三化学第一轮复习总结资料(知识归纳)一、物质的组成、性质和分类 (3)1、物质的分类 (3)2、物质的组成 (4)3、物质的变化 (4)4、酸、碱、盐的概念及分类 (4)5、常见的既能与酸又能与碱反应的物质 (6)二、化学用语 (6)1、元素符号的意义: (6)2、离子符号和价标符号: (6)3、化合价的含义、规律、应用 (6)4、电子式 (7)5、原子(离子)结构示意图(或称原子、离子结构简图) (7)6、分子式、结构式、结构简式 (7)7、中学阶段常用的方程式 (7)三、化学中常用计量 (8)1、相对原子质量的涵义及相关的说法 (8)2、物质的量:——国际单位制的基本物理量 (8)3、化学反应与能量 (9)4、金属活动性顺序在化学反应中的应用 (9)四、溶液 (12)1、学习目标: (12)2、四种分散系的比较 (12)3、溶液的组成及形成过程 (12)4、温度对溶解度的影响及溶解度曲线 (13)五、金属概论 (13)1、金属在周期表中的位置和原子结构 (13)2、金属的性质 (13)3、金属冶炼 (13)4、金属的锈蚀及防护 (13)六、非金属概论 (15)一、物质的组成、性质和分类1、物质的分类2、物质的组成— 分子是保持物质化学性质的一种粒子 原子—— 是化学变化中的最小粒子 — 带有电荷的原子(或原子团) —— 原子团各原子以共价键相结合,不易分开 元素—— 具有相同核电荷数(即质子数)的同一类原子的总称 同位素—— 具有相同质子数和不同中子数的不同原子的互称 同素异形体—— 同种元素组成的不同种单质 同分异构体—— 同分子式、同化学组成、不同结构的有机物 同系物—— 结构相似、组成上相差一个或若干个“—CH 2”原子团的物质的互称。

3、物质的变化 物理变化:化学变化(反应):本质—— 旧化学键破坏,新的化学键形成化合、分解、置换、复分解反应基本反应类型: 氧化还原反应、非氧化还原反应 放热反应、吸热反应4、酸、碱、盐的概念及分类⑴酸:在溶液中电离时阳离子全部是H +的化合物2SiO 3非氧化性酸:稀H 2SO 4、盐酸、H 3PO 4 一元酸:HCl 、HNO 3、CH 3COOH宏观(成份) 微观(粒子)二元酸:H 2SO 4、HOOC —COOH (乙二酸,又称草酸) 多元酸:H 3PO 4 §酸的特殊性质难挥发性酸:H 2SO 4、H 3PO 4 易挥发性酸:HCl 、HNO 3、H 2S易分解的酸:HClO 、H 2SO 3、H 2CO 3、HNO 3 还原性酸:H 2S 、浓HCl 、HBr 、HI 、H 2SO 3 §下列弱酸不能使指示剂变色、H 2SiO 3、高级脂肪酸、HClO (漂白)§酸的通性(以CH 3COOH 为例)a 、 遇石蕊试液变红b 、 Cu(OH)2+2CH 3COOH =(CH 3COO)2Cu +2H 2Oc 、 CuO +2CH 3COOH =(CH 3COO)2Cu +H 2Od 、Zn +2CH 3COOH =(CH 3COO)2Zn +H 2↑e 、 NaHCO 3+CH 3COOH =CH 3COONa +H 2O +CO 2↑☆硝酸例外,不论是稀硝酸还是浓硝酸,金属是否活泼,硝酸与金属一般不放出氢气。

成人考试复习资料汇总(全)

成人考试复习资料一、三角函数1、角度值与弧度制:0180=π2、三角函数的定义:设()y x P ,,22y x OP r +==,则xy r x r y ===αααtan ,cos ,sin 3、三角函数值的符号第一象限第二象限第三象限第四象限αsin + + - - αcos + - - + αtan+-+-4、常见三角函数的函数值030(6π)045(4π)060(3π)0120(π32) 0135(π43)0150(π65)αsin21 22 23 23 2221αcos 23 2221 21- 22-23-αtan33 13 3- 1-33-5、两个三角恒等式αααααcos sin tan ,1cos sin 22==+ 6、三角函数诱导公式()()ααπααπcos 2cos sin 2sin =+=+k k ,()()ααααcos cos sin sin =--=-,()()ααπααπcos cos sin sin -=-=-,()()ααπααπcos cos sin sin -=+-=+7、三角函数周期公式()()ϕωϕω+=+=x y x y cos ,sin 的周期为ωπ2=T8、两角和与差的三角函数公式()()()φαβαβαβαβαβαβαβαβαtan tan 1tan tan tan sin sin cos cos cos sin cos cos sin sin ±=±=±±=±9、二倍角公式αααααααε2222sin 211cos 2sin cos 2cos cos sin 22sin -=-=-==10、函数()ϕωωω++=+=x B A x B x A y sin cos sin 22的最大值为22B A +,最小值为22B A +-11、正弦定理,余弦定理及三角形面积公式C c B b A a sin sin sin ==abc b a C ac b c a B bc a c b A 2cos 2cos 2cos 222222222-+=-+=-+=B ac A bcC ab S ABC sin 21sin 21sin 21===∆二、直线方程1、直线的斜率与倾斜角:αtan =k2、中点坐标公式:设()11,y x A ,()22,y x B ,则AB 的中点坐标⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛++2,22121y y x x P 3、几个对称点:设()y x A ,,则点A 关于x 轴对称的点为()y x -,,关于y 轴对称的点为()y x ,-,关于原点对称的点为()y x --,,关于x y =对称的点的坐标为()x y ,。

会计基础复习资料

会计基础复习资料一、会计的定义及职能会计是一门研究经济活动并进行资金信息记录、加工、分析和报告的学科。

它的主要职能包括:收集和记录经济活动的资金信息、加工和分析这些信息、提供相关信息用于决策、报告经济活动的结果和财务状况。

二、会计主体和业务主体会计主体是指独立进行经济活动并有独立财务状况的组织,包括企业、机关、事业单位等。

而业务主体则是指会计主体的某一部分,用于区分这些财务信息的所有者身份,如企业的各个部门、分支机构等。

三、会计核算的基本假设会计核算的基本假设包括:货币计量假设、会计期间假设、会计主体假设和持续经营假设。

货币计量假设指出只有可以用货币表示的交易才能进入会计核算;会计期间假设规定了会计信息是按一定的时间段进行归集和汇总的;会计主体假设强调了会计核算应独立于会计主体的所有者;持续经营假设指出会计主体将持续运营并能够满足其债务。

四、会计分录和账户会计分录是根据经济活动的资金信息记录所进行的,分为借方和贷方,通过会计分录来增减各项账户的金额。

账户是记录某一特定类别经济交易的表格,主要包括资产账户、负债账户、所有者权益账户、收入账户和费用账户。

五、会计的原始记录和簿记会计的原始记录是指所有会计事项的最初记录,通常包括收据、发票等辅助凭证。

簿记是指通过记录、分类、汇总和汇报会计信息来形成完整、准确和可靠的会计记录的过程,包括现金日记账、总分类账、试算平衡表等。

六、会计报表会计报表是会计信息汇总和汇报的结果,主要包括资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表。

资产负债表反映了会计主体在一定时间点上的财务状况,包括资产、负债和所有者权益;利润表反映了会计期间内的收入、费用和利润情况;现金流量表则展示了会计期间内现金流入和流出的情况。

七、会计政策和会计估计会计政策是指会计主体在编制和报告财务报表时所使用的会计处理方法和技巧,是规定会计核算方法和原则的一种准则。

而会计估计则是指在会计核算过程中,由于某些情况无法准确测量或者依赖于个人判断,需要根据经验和专业判断进行估计的情况,如坏账准备和无形资产的摊销。

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复习资料第七单元一、要默的词语。

储蓄包裹拖鞋鬼脸呵欠干啥蓬乱纳闷温柔穿戴冷不丁手把手衣衫不整一塌糊涂宋庆龄搬家稠密繁衍瞻仰黄河滚滚浊浪排空磁力整个儿吞没体积竹篙凭借万马奔腾谈笑风生波浪滔滔鼓浪前进提心吊胆专心致志羊皮筏子二、原文填空。

本单元要背《宋庆龄故居的樟树》和练习七的八个成语及《古今贤文·合作篇(下)》。

1. 樟树不高,但它的(枝干粗壮),而且伸向(四面八方),伸得远远的。

(稠密的树叶绿得发亮)。

樟树(四季常青),无论是夏天还是冬天,它们总是那么(蓬蓬勃勃)。

2. 它们还要(养儿育女),繁衍后代,(子子孙孙)都寄生在树上。

而樟树本身却有(一种香气),而且这种香气能(永久保持)。

即使当它(指枯叶落)的时候,当它已经(作为木料制作成家具)的时候,它的香气(仍然不变)。

只要这(木质存在一天),(虫类)就怕它一天。

樟树的(可贵之处)就在这里。

3. 人们怀着(崇敬的心情)前来(瞻仰宋庆龄的故居),也总爱在这两棵樟树前留个影,作为(永久的纪念)。

4. 成语:关于改革开放、建设和发展国家的:(继往开来革故鼎新)表达睦邻友好相处的:(一衣带水以德为邻)举荐和使用人才的:(唯才是举知人善任)关于科教兴国的:(科教兴国与时俱进)5.《古今贤文·合作篇(下)》:知己知彼,(将心比心)。

远水难救近火,(远亲不如近邻)。

美不美,(故乡水);亲不亲,(故乡人)。

(海内存知己),天涯若比邻。

(君子之交淡如水),小人之交酒肉亲。

豆角开花藤牵藤,(朋友相处心连心)。

6. 来源于象棋的成语:(将军马后炮过河卒子棋逢对手举棋不定棋输一着)三、课文内容填空。

1.《爱因斯坦和小女孩》:爱因斯坦(潜心科学研究,不拘生活小节),他(关爱孩子,乐于与孩子相处)。

他是一位伟大的物理学家,诺贝尔物理学奖获得者,建立了狭义相对论。

2.《宋庆龄故居的樟树》:樟树具有(拒虫的香气且能永久保持的可贵之处)。

作者通过(赞美宋庆龄故居的两棵樟树)表达了(对宋庆龄的崇敬和怀念)之情。

3.《黄河的主人》中这样描写黄河:万马奔腾,浊浪排空,汹涌的激流,湍急的黄河,波浪滔滔的黄水,惊涛骇浪,滚滚的黄河。

“黄河的主人”指艄公,因为他凭着勇敢和智慧,镇静和机敏,战胜了惊涛骇浪,在滚滚的黄河上如履平地。

四、字、词、句。

1.多音字。

漂piāo(漂流) 系jì(系鞋带)漂piào(漂亮) 系xì(关系)2.解释词语中带点的字。

胆战心惊:战,发抖。

惊涛骇浪:骇,惊吓。

3.造句。

无论……总是……(例)无论是严寒还是酷暑,他总是坚持每天练字两个小时。

只要……就……(例)只要努力,我们就一定能取得成功。

一面……一面……(例)瞧,胡雨同学一面唱歌一面跳舞,正忙着准备儿童节的节目呢!……只好……(例)今天妈妈不在家,我只好去奶奶家吃饭啦。

第六单元一、要默的词语。

代价恶劣挖土填空漂亮侍弄讨厌冲垮树冠冲刷土壤邀上泛滥凶猛贫困擦汗枯枝败叶乱砍滥伐二、要背的内容。

1. 古诗:《池上》:小娃撑小艇,偷采白莲回。

不解藏踪迹,浮萍一道开。

解:知道,懂得。

一道:指浮萍被小船分开后,一时难以合拢而留下的踪迹。

作者:唐代诗人白居易。

这首诗描绘了(小娃偷采白莲)的情景,刻画了(小娃娃天真无邪)的形象。

《小儿垂钓》:蓬头稚子学垂纶,侧坐莓苔草映身。

路人借问遥招手,怕得鱼惊不应人。

遥:远远地。

应:应答。

作者:唐代诗人胡令能。

这首诗描绘了(一个乡村儿童在河边学钓鱼)的情景,生动地刻画出(小孩天真专注)的神态。

两首古诗都刻画了(天真可爱的乡村儿童形象)。

《小池》:泉眼无声惜细流,树阴照水爱晴柔。

小荷才露尖尖角,早有蜻蜓立上头。

作者:南宋著名诗人杨万里。

2. 成语。

说话有顾虑,想说又不敢说:欲言又止吞吞吐吐说话搪塞应付,含含糊糊:闪烁其词支支吾吾说话滔滔不绝,十分精彩、巧妙:口若悬河妙语连珠兴高采烈时有说有笑的样子:高谈阔论眉飞色舞三、课文内容。

1.《沙漠中的绿洲》:阿联酋人民侍弄花草树木像爱护孩子一样精心。

本文告诉我们改造环境、保护环境的重要。

2.《云雀的心愿》:人们乱砍滥伐的后果:土地荒漠化、洪水泛滥成灾。

森林的作用:蓄水保土、调节气温、阻挡风沙……造句:可以……也可以……(例)国际互联网的作用可大啦,我们可以在网上看电影,也可以在网上查阅资料……第五单元一、要默的词语。

勤劳通晓安慰疏忽怠慢猜想公冶长傻话喜鹊嗓音应验杰出寒潮塌陷边缘继续扩大号子项链丘陵可怜惋惜放肆焦臭杂乱无拘无束倍感亲切腾空而起昂首挺胸肝胆俱裂二、要背的内容。

1. 成语(这组成语描绘的是一群活泼可爱的小鸟傍晚归巢时在林中嬉戏的情景,表现了大自然的和谐与美好)。

倦鸟知还成群结队一唱一和呼朋引类欢呼雀跃如痴如醉夜深人静昏昏欲睡《古今贤文·合作篇(上)》:人心齐,泰山移。

独脚难行,孤掌难鸣。

水涨船高,柴多火旺。

三个臭皮匠,赛过诸葛亮。

一块砖头砌不成墙,一根木头盖不成房。

一根篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮。

一根竹竿容易弯,三根麻绳难扯断。

一花独放不是春,万紫千红春满园。

三、课文内容。

1.《鸟语》一文表达了作者对鸟儿的喜爱之情,告诉我们鸟儿是人类的好朋友,我们要热爱大自然,爱护鸟类。

2.《天鹅的故事》中的天鹅勇敢奉献、团结拼搏。

文中的“破冰勇士”指老天鹅。

学了本文,我们懂得了爱护鸟类,保护生态平衡的重要,明白了“团结就是力量”的道理。

3.《生命的壮歌》中外层蚂蚁和老羚羊把生的希望让给“他人”,把死亡留给自己。

我们要学习它们团结合作、勇于献身的精神。

文中“蚁国英雄”指外层蚂蚁。

四、造句。

疏忽:(例)妈妈经常嘱咐我:“孩子,在学习上可不能疏忽大意啊!”倍感亲切:(例)失败后一声关切的话语,会让我倍感亲切。

第四单元一、要默的词语。

疾病呈现给予监测堵塞重症无悔遗像永恒番茄盲童天使清脆蔬菜捐献亲戚忙碌小屋瘦小仰面责怪脖子闭上轮流摔倒亚洲旷地水滴掀起闷热附近雷声大作大雨如注斩钉截铁翻山越岭突发奇想娇嫩纤弱二、要背的内容。

1.赞美医护人员崇高品质的成语:白衣天使玉洁冰清救死扶伤处变不惊万众一心众志成城含辛茹苦舍死忘生2.《三字经》节选:为人子方少时亲师友习礼仪香九龄能温席孝于亲所当执融四岁能让梨悌于长宜先知四、课文内容。

1.《永远的白衣战士》:文中的护士长叶欣在抗击“非典”的战斗中临危不惧,身先士卒,舍己为人。

2.《“番茄太阳”》中的盲童明明美丽可爱,聪明机灵,乖巧懂事,有一颗善良的童心,懂得关爱别人。

文中“番茄太阳”出现了三次,第一处指太阳,第二处指明明的笑脸,第三处指盲童明明真诚的爱心-----美好的心灵。

3.《第一次抱母亲》让我们感受到母亲胸怀的无畏、博大,表达了作者对母亲的崇敬和爱戴之情。

4.《我不是最弱小的》告诉我们“每个人都要保护比自己弱小的人。

”四、将以下常见中草药名称读正确。

人参(shēn)大(dài)黄黄芩(qín)黄芪(qí)茯(fú)苓(línɡ)白术(zhú)川芎(xiōnɡ)第三单元一、要默的词语。

草堂晌午讨论推荐准许辞职合适接替慎重安危意外霸主征伐晋国悼公召见躲避拒绝鲁迅宰相盛情腥味违犯无可奈何恍然大悟三顾茅庐诸葛亮秀丽宜人恭恭敬敬二、要背的内容。

1.他们来到隆中,只见那里的山冈(蜿蜒起伏),好像(一条等待时机腾飞的卧龙)。

冈前几片松林(疏疏朗朗),潺潺的溪流(清澈见底),(茂密的)竹林(青翠欲滴),景色(秀丽宜人)。

2.诸葛亮分析了(群雄纷争的形势),提出了(三分天下、最后取胜的策略)。

刘备听了(茅塞顿开),像(拨开云雾见到了青天)。

3.与“三国”故事有关的词语:空城计苦肉计夜走麦城刮骨疗毒过五关,斩六将万事俱备,只欠东风4. 描述三国时期蜀国军事家诸葛亮的特点的成语:初出茅庐才华横溢料事如神胆大心细鞠躬尽瘁死而后已独木难支回天无力三、解释带点的词语。

三顾茅庐:顾,拜访。

蜿蜒起伏:蜿蜒,形容弯弯曲曲向前延伸的样子。

青翠欲滴:欲,将要。

秀丽宜人:宜,适合。

群雄纷争:纷,多,乱。

茅塞顿开:顿,立刻,一下子。

外举不避仇,内举不避亲:祁黄羊推荐人才,只考虑才能,而对外不回避自己的仇人,对内不回避自己的亲人。

出以公心:考虑问题是从公心出发,不是从私心出发的。

四、课文内容。

1.《三顾茅庐》改编自(罗贯中的著名古典历史小说《三国演义》),从这篇课文可以看出刘备的(胸怀大志和访求贤才的虔诚)以及诸葛亮的(雄才大略)。

2.《祁黄羊》是一篇改写自(《左传》)的历史故事,祁黄羊是一个(一心为国,做事出以公心)的人。

3.《公仪休拒收礼物》是个(独幕剧),剧本主体是(人物对话),也叫(台词)。

公仪休是个(清正廉明)的人。

文中“大夫”是个官职,“大”读(dà)。

五、拓展。

1.来源于《三国演义》的成语:望梅止渴草船借箭乐不思蜀赔了夫人又折兵……2.与三国有关的歇后语:张飞吃豆芽------小菜一碟诸葛亮用兵------虚虚实实刘备摔阿斗------收买人心周瑜打黄盖------一个愿打,一个愿挨2. 三国指魏国、蜀国、吴国魏(北)------曹操(兵多将广)蜀(西南)------刘备(关羽、张飞、赵云、诸葛亮等)吴(东南)------孙权(周瑜、鲁肃等)3. 诸葛亮,字孔明,号卧龙,流传至今的孔明灯就是以他的名字命名的,此人足智多谋,神机妙算,是智慧的化身。

第二单元一、要默的词语。

拦腰生疏幼儿园循规蹈矩图案感触五角星鲜为人知走着瞧横切面迪斯尼定稿催促海滨拐弯选择启发踩出有宽有窄漫山遍野微不足道破碎教训新式坦克机毁人亡超过均匀坚固机翼轻而易举惨祸省料某些二、要背的内容。

成语:浅尝辄止囫囵吞枣浮光掠影不甚了了天道酬勤熟能生巧寻根问底无所不晓小诗:真知真知不像哗啦啦的小溪,俯身就能将溪水捧起;真知不像红艳艳的桃李,举手就可摘下它的果实。

它像美玉,深藏在岩芯,它像原油,奔涌在地底。

只有用“探索”这部钻机,才能探知它的秘密……三、课文内容。

1.《苹果里的五角星》中的小男孩(活泼天真、好奇心强),我从这篇课文受到启迪:(人的创造力来源于打破常规的思维方式。

)“鲜为人知”的“鲜”读“xiǎn”,意思是(少)。

2.《最佳路径》:世界建筑大师(格罗培斯)设计了(迪斯尼乐园),其路径设计被评为(世界最佳设计)。

他从(“给人自由,任其选择”)的卖葡萄的方法上受到启发,产生了(“撒下草种,提前开放”)的设计策略。

故事给人以启示:(尊重他人,相信他人,给人自由与选择的机会,其本身就是一种最佳选择。

)3.《人类的“老师”》科学家以生物为师,为科技进步做出了重要贡献。

鱼儿在水中自由升降------潜水艇鸟类飞行------飞机蜻蜓等昆虫------提高飞机的性能鲸的流线体------改造船体的设计,提高了航行的速度鸡蛋的“薄壳结构”-------建筑设计(悉尼歌剧院、北京火车站、人民大会堂……)袋鼠-------会跳跃的越野汽车贝壳-------外壳坚固的坦克第一单元一、要默的词语。

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