高中英语语法复习课件——虚拟语气
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高中英语语法之虚拟语气(ppt课件3份)
If I won the lottery, I would/ could/ should/ might …
If I won the lottery, I could travel around the world.
If I were a boy, I would/ could/ should/ might…
(2) If you had____f_o_ll_o_wed_____(follow)my advice, you wo___u_ld__o_v_e_r_c_o_me___
(overcome) all the difficulties now.
(3) If the weather had____been_____(be) finer, the crops would be growing
？
• He walks as if he were drunk.
• If only I were a bird!
what if...
要是...怎么办
If only...
要是...就好了
as if/ though... 好像...
• If only we had followed your advice!
什么是虚拟语气？
假如我是一个男孩, 我就能明白爱上一个女孩是多么美妙。
英语动词的三种语气： 祈使语气、 陈述语气和虚拟语气 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望
、 怀疑或推测。
是不是if引导的条件句都要用虚拟语气？
什么时候用虚拟语气？
√ × √
？
？
？
什么时候用虚拟语气？
当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性_极___小____ ，就用虚拟语气； 当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性_较____大___， 不用虚拟语气。
If I won the lottery, I could travel around the world.
If I were a boy, I would/ could/ should/ might…
(2) If you had____f_o_ll_o_wed_____(follow)my advice, you wo___u_ld__o_v_e_r_c_o_me___
(overcome) all the difficulties now.
(3) If the weather had____been_____(be) finer, the crops would be growing
？
• He walks as if he were drunk.
• If only I were a bird!
what if...
要是...怎么办
If only...
要是...就好了
as if/ though... 好像...
• If only we had followed your advice!
什么是虚拟语气？
假如我是一个男孩, 我就能明白爱上一个女孩是多么美妙。
英语动词的三种语气： 祈使语气、 陈述语气和虚拟语气 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望
、 怀疑或推测。
是不是if引导的条件句都要用虚拟语气？
什么时候用虚拟语气？
√ × √
？
？
？
什么时候用虚拟语气？
当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性_极___小____ ，就用虚拟语气； 当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性_较____大___， 不用虚拟语气。
高中英语语法课件_虚拟语气(全)(共55张PPT)详解
解题思路
本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件 从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。 相当于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本题的 答案是B. would have got through。 选项A. must have got through（肯定通过） 表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去 事情相反的情况。另外，must不能用在虚拟条 件句中。 选项C. 和D. would / could get through （就会通过）是虚拟语气现在时的一种表示方 法，表示与现在事实相反。
为什么要学习虚拟语气？
虚拟语气是四级考试中重点考察的语法 点。历年四级考试中，仅仅单项填空部
分就一共出现了48道虚拟语气的题 目！！！
II. 虚拟语气的最基本形式
非真实性条件句是虚拟语气最基本的表 现形式。
i. 由“if” 来引导的非真实条件句
组成方式： 非真实的条件从句 + 假设结果（主句）
最基本形式的表达方式
语法要点
虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood
I.什么是语气？
语气是动词的一种形式，用以表示说话 人对某种言行或某种事情的看法或态度。 英语有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气 和虚拟语气。 陈述语气一般用来讲述事实或提出疑问。 常常用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句。 e.g. I took a shower after supper. What are you going to do? What a beautiful flower!
A case in Point
P. 37 (l. 28) in College English II. Unit 3 Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. = If it were left to me to decide…
高中英语高考高考英语语法总复习课件：虚拟语气 (共82张PPT)
【例11】 When a pencil is parted in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____(break)_. 【例12】 Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ (happen)yesterday.
主句 would/should/could/might
If he didn’t come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.
主过将从过， 主过将完从过完 would do/did would have done/had done
【例1】 If we ______ (take)the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
【例13】 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ (follow)your advice. 知识扩展：follow/take sb's advice
【例13】 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed (follow)your advice. 知识扩展：follow/take sb's advice
做题时注意：动词的形式根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整
一分为二，先找时间再判断时态。
【例4】
If we ______ （book）a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
高中英语虚拟语气复习课件(共32张PPT)
It’s time that measures s_h_o_u__ld__b_e_t_a_k_e_n_ to protect the environment.
现在：过去式 3) as if /though + 从句 过去：过去完成式
未来：would/could/might+V.
were to + V.
but
/might +have done
Boss Tong’s Classic Lines
我错了,我真的错了,我从一 开始就错了. 我不应该嫁过 来,如果我不嫁过来,我的夫 君也不会死,如果我的夫君不 死,我也不会沦落到这么一个 伤心的地方 ; 如果我不来到 这个伤心的地方,我也不会开 这家店;如果我不开这家店, 我也不会遇到你们;如果我不 遇到你们,这件事也不会发 生……
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式.
用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而 是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；
还可表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议 等。
虚拟语气
1. If 型 Summary
条件 If 从句的谓语形 从句 式
主句的谓语形式
现在
过去式 (were)
would/could/should/ might +V. (原)
2.He insisted that I _(s_h_o_u_l_d_)_b_e_ present.
3.The king ordered that the prisoners _(_s_h_o_u_ld_)__b_e_k_i_ll_e_d_ the next day.
4.They requested that we _(_sh_o_u__ld__)_s_e_n_d_t_h_e_m to work there.
高考英语语法考点总结——虚拟语气(共27张PPT)
C. was
D. has been
考点3：as if/as though问题
as if/as though表示不可能实现的事情时，用虚拟 语气；表示很有可能实现的事情或较大的可能性时， 用陈述语气。
A The sky is covered with black cloud. It looks as if
考点2：if only
在if only感叹句中, 表示“但愿”，“要是……就好 了”。
D If only the committee
the regulations and put them into
effect as soon as possible.
A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve
If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.
A. had started, would be B. started, might be C. had started, would have been
A
D. will start, might have been
当上述表示建议、命令的动词以其名词形式出现，并 且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时， 谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
B My advice is that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A.she waits B. she wait C. wait she
It is requested by the hotel manager that radios o’clock at night.
高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气(共49张PPT)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
与现在 从 句 did,were, V-ed 事实相反 主 句 would(should,could,might)+v.
与过去 事实相反
从 句 had+V-ed/been 主 句 would(should,could, might)
+ have+v-ed
对未来的 从 句 were to/should+ v 虚拟推测 主 句 would(should,could,might)+v.
--I don’t think he should have done the favor for you. 我觉得他是不会帮你忙的。
1.3. 虚拟语气用于主语从句
1.3.1.
句型
1.表达虚拟语气的主语从句的一般形式为：
It is/was +引起虚拟语气的形容词或过去分 词+含虚拟语气的主语从句
但愿你没有那样说。
2.如果表示对将来的愿望，从句谓语动词 用 “would (could, might )+动词原形” 的形式。
--I wish you would do the favor for me. 但愿你会帮我这个忙。
--I wish I could speak several languages. 但愿我会说好几种语言。
1.2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1.2.1.句型“…wish that…”
在wish后的that宾语从句中： 1.如果表示对现在的愿望，从句谓语要使用过去
时: （1）从句谓语动词如果是be，则用were形式。 （2）从句谓语动词如果是行为动词，则用过去
时形式。 --I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只鸟儿。 --I wish you didn’t talk like that.
与现在 从 句 did,were, V-ed 事实相反 主 句 would(should,could,might)+v.
与过去 事实相反
从 句 had+V-ed/been 主 句 would(should,could, might)
+ have+v-ed
对未来的 从 句 were to/should+ v 虚拟推测 主 句 would(should,could,might)+v.
--I don’t think he should have done the favor for you. 我觉得他是不会帮你忙的。
1.3. 虚拟语气用于主语从句
1.3.1.
句型
1.表达虚拟语气的主语从句的一般形式为：
It is/was +引起虚拟语气的形容词或过去分 词+含虚拟语气的主语从句
但愿你没有那样说。
2.如果表示对将来的愿望，从句谓语动词 用 “would (could, might )+动词原形” 的形式。
--I wish you would do the favor for me. 但愿你会帮我这个忙。
--I wish I could speak several languages. 但愿我会说好几种语言。
1.2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1.2.1.句型“…wish that…”
在wish后的that宾语从句中： 1.如果表示对现在的愿望，从句谓语要使用过去
时: （1）从句谓语动词如果是be，则用were形式。 （2）从句谓语动词如果是行为动词，则用过去
时形式。 --I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是只鸟儿。 --I wish you didn’t talk like that.
虚拟语气PPT课件
与过去事实相反
使用“if”引导从句，动词用“had+过 去分词”。例如：“If I had known the answer, I would have told you.”
表示祝愿、假设、想象等含义
表示祝愿
使用动词原形。例如：“May you have a wonderful day!”
表示假设
在条件状语从句中的用法
使用“if”引导从句，根据时态需要使用相应的动词形式。例 如：“If you study hard, you will pass the exam.”
在主句中的用法
根据时态需要使用相应的动词形式。例如：“If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.”
使用“if”引导从句，动词用过 去时态。例如：“If there were no gravity, we would float in
the air.”
表示想象
使用动词的过去时态或 “would+动词原形”。例如： “I imagined that I was flying
a kite.”
在条件状语从句和主句中的用法
主句谓语动词形式
主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形。
虚拟过去将来时
从句谓语动词形式
If+主语+had+过去分词。
主句谓语动词形式
主语+should/would/might/could+have+过去分词。
03 虚拟语气的用法
表示与事实相反的情况
与现在事实相反
与将来事实相反
主句谓语动词形式
主语+should/would/might/could+动词原形。
高中英语语法课件-虚拟语气(全)(共55张PPT)详解
实战练习 5
2001年1月大学英语四级题目： Some women a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made
解题思路
这是一道错综时间虚拟条件句。 在本句中，从句是对过去发生的事情进 行假设，主句是对现在情况的假设。 译文：当你掉下来时，如果不是我在梯 子下面把你接住，恐怕你现在就不会笑 了。选A
实战练习 2
If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you ___ well now. A. are B. had been C. would be D. were 正确答案: C
祈使语气主要用于祈使句。 e.g. Get out of here! 虚拟语气
II. 什么是虚拟语气？
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示说话人 所说的话不是事实，而是想象、假设、建议、 打算、意见、愿望、怀疑、推测、喜悦等等。 e.g. If we had met her last night, we would have told her what had happened. 如果我们昨晚见到她，我们就会告诉她发生了 什么事。 （实际上，我们并没有见到她，也没有告诉她 所发生的事。）
注意！！！
如果条件从句是否定式，倒装时只能把 not 放在主语之后，不能用缩写式把not 放在主语之前。 e.g. Had you not told me about the matter, I should never have known the whole thing. (不能说：Hadn’t you told me…)
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How I wish he had not left.
要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
5. If only
(1) …要是就好了 = I wish
If only I knew his name now! If only we had followed your advice last time!
wish引导的虚拟句
wish + that How I wish If only
did/were 现在 had done 过去
would / might /would do 将来
我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）
I wish I remembered the address. 要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）
现在： 过去： 将来 : did /were(现在) had done(过去)
would+动词原形(将来)
She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
He speaks as if he had been to the United States.
虚拟语气
The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ___________to it. A. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go B. haven’t gone D. could not have gone
How I wish I __________that! Everybody present was angry with me. A. didn’t go C. wouldn’t do B. hadn’t done D. wasn’t doing
Definition
虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种 愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、 料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提 出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
“ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _______.” A. had B. did C. have D. will
I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went I wish I _________ you yesterday. A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)
If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +动词原形
1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.
If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.
退一步
海阔天空
名词性从句中要求 用虚拟语气的动词
如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 从句表示现在，主句表示过去 如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。 If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now. 从句表示过去，主句表示现在 如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行 工作了。 If it hadn’t been raining those days, we should be going on with the works. 从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行
D. would have been warned; had not taken
I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __________, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
Subjunctive Mood
主句
would/should/could/ might have done would/should/could/ might do even if/ though, wish,, if only等从句 的虚拟与它相同。
时间 条件从句 if 过去 现在 将来
had done did/were 1.should do 2.were to do 3.did
A. arrives C. had arrived
B. arrive D. has arrived
If he __Biblioteka ______he ___________that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken
注意: 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 (混合条件句): 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句 中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时 动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加 以调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份 工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）
2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。
If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done）
-----He is a brave man. -----Yes, I wish I _________his courage.
A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how. A. teaches C. has taught B. will teach D. would teach
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 （从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）
2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.
If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.
If you __________tomorrow, you _________ find the new manager working in the office.
A. should come; would C. will come; should
B. would come; would D. comes; might
If the parents ______at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.
as if /though
区别：
He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA. 陈述语气 He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA. 虚拟语气
{
2. as if /though + Clause
1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。
If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.
2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。
If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.
The fish is not alive without water.
1. 虚拟语气的考点
1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；
4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；
5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。
if引导的虚拟条件句
区别:
If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved. 陈述语气
If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气
与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形
1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。
If I were you, I would try it again.
倒装的If虚拟句
条件状语的倒装：
如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒 装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他 If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.
要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
5. If only
(1) …要是就好了 = I wish
If only I knew his name now! If only we had followed your advice last time!
wish引导的虚拟句
wish + that How I wish If only
did/were 现在 had done 过去
would / might /would do 将来
我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）
I wish I remembered the address. 要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）
现在： 过去： 将来 : did /were(现在) had done(过去)
would+动词原形(将来)
She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
He speaks as if he had been to the United States.
虚拟语气
The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ___________to it. A. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go B. haven’t gone D. could not have gone
How I wish I __________that! Everybody present was angry with me. A. didn’t go C. wouldn’t do B. hadn’t done D. wasn’t doing
Definition
虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种 愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、 料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提 出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
“ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _______.” A. had B. did C. have D. will
I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went I wish I _________ you yesterday. A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)
If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +动词原形
1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.
If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.
退一步
海阔天空
名词性从句中要求 用虚拟语气的动词
如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 从句表示现在，主句表示过去 如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。 If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now. 从句表示过去，主句表示现在 如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行 工作了。 If it hadn’t been raining those days, we should be going on with the works. 从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行
D. would have been warned; had not taken
I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __________, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
Subjunctive Mood
主句
would/should/could/ might have done would/should/could/ might do even if/ though, wish,, if only等从句 的虚拟与它相同。
时间 条件从句 if 过去 现在 将来
had done did/were 1.should do 2.were to do 3.did
A. arrives C. had arrived
B. arrive D. has arrived
If he __Biblioteka ______he ___________that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken
注意: 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气 (混合条件句): 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句 中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时 动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加 以调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份 工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）
2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。
If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done）
-----He is a brave man. -----Yes, I wish I _________his courage.
A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how. A. teaches C. has taught B. will teach D. would teach
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 （从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）
2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.
If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.
If you __________tomorrow, you _________ find the new manager working in the office.
A. should come; would C. will come; should
B. would come; would D. comes; might
If the parents ______at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.
as if /though
区别：
He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA. 陈述语气 He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA. 虚拟语气
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2. as if /though + Clause
1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。
If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.
2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。
If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.
The fish is not alive without water.
1. 虚拟语气的考点
1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；
4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；
5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。
if引导的虚拟条件句
区别:
If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved. 陈述语气
If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气
与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形
1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。
If I were you, I would try it again.
倒装的If虚拟句
条件状语的倒装：
如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒 装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他 If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.