郑州大学 专业英语试题 10级
郑州大学学位英语历年真题
郑州大学学位英语历年真题1、They may not be very exciting, but you can expect ______ a lot from them.（）[单选题] *A. to learn(正确答案)B. learnC. learningD. learned2、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known3、They will hold the party if they _____ the project on time. [单选题] *A. will completeB. complete(正确答案)C．completedD. had completed4、Everyone here is _______ to me. [单选题] *A. happyB. wellC. kind(正确答案)D. glad5、15．This kind of bread is terrible. I do not want to eat it ________. [单选题] * A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer6、The boy’s mother always _______ him a story before he goes to bed. [单选题] *A. saysB. speaksC. tells(正确答案)D. talks7、Mary _______ a small gift yesterday, but she didn’t _______ it. [单选题] *A. accepted; receiveB. received; accept(正确答案)C. receives; acceptedD. accepts; received8、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking9、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking10、We had a(an)_____with him about this problem last night. [单选题] *A.explanationB.impressionC.exhibitionD.discussion(正确答案)11、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)12、I don’t like snakes, so I ______ read anything about snakes.（）[单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. oftenD. never(正确答案)13、--How is your friend coming?--I’m not sure. He _______ drive here. [单选题] *A. may(正确答案)B. canC. mustD. will14、10．﹣Could you please sweep the floor？I’m going to cook dinner．﹣__________．I’ll do it at once，Mom．[单选题] *A．I’m afraid notB．You’re kiddingC．It’s a shameD．My pleasure(正确答案)15、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with16、Location is the first thing customers consider when_____to buy a house. [单选题] *A.planning(正确答案)B.plannedC.having plannedD.to plan17、Grandfather lives with us. We all _______ him when he gets ill. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look atC. look forD. look like18、75．As a student in Senior Three, I must work hard．（）, I should take exercise to strengthen my body．[单选题] *A.OtherwiseB.Meanwhile(正确答案)C.ThereforeD.Thus19、18．Who is staying at home now? ________, all of them are out. [单选题] *A．NoneB．No one(正确答案)C．EveryoneD．Nothing20、We should have breakfast every day to keep ______. [单选题] *A. healthB. healthy(正确答案)C. healthilyD. the healthy21、I arrived _____ the city _____ 9:00 am _______ April [单选题] *A. at, in, atB. to, on, atC. in, or, atD. in, at, on(正确答案)22、Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____. [单选题] *A. more helpfulB. extremely helpfulC. very helpfulD. the most helpful(正确答案)23、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant24、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation.[单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)25、( ) Some students preferred to stay in the toilet ______ do morning exercises. [单选题] *A in order to notB in not order toC in order not to(正确答案)D not in order to26、It’s very hot. Please _______ your coat. [单选题] *A. look afterB. take off(正确答案)C. take onD. put on27、My father and I often go ______ on weekends so I can ______ very well. （）[单选题] *A. swim; swimmingB. swims; swimC. swimming; swimmingD. swimming; swim(正确答案)28、—It’s too noisy outside. I can’t fall asleep.—I can’t, either. We have to ______ new ways to solve the problem.（）[单选题] *A. come up with(正确答案)B. get on withC. make up withD. catch up with29、--Miss Li, could you please help me _______ math problem？--OK. Let me try. [单选题] *A. look upB. work out(正确答案)C. set upD. put up30、—Judging from ____ number of bikes, there are not many people in the party.—I think so. People would rather stay at home in such _____ weather. [单选题] *A. the, aB. a, /C. the, /(正确答案)D. a, a。
郑州大学远程教育学院专科英语
A BC DA BC DA BC DA BC D .A BC DA BC DA BC DA BC D .A BC DA BC DA BC DA BC DA B .C DA BC DA BC DA BC DA BC D .A BC DA BC DA BC DA BC D .A BC DA BC DA BC DA BC DA B .C DA BC DA BC DA BC DA BC D .A BC DA BC DA BC DA BC D .A BC DA BC DA BC DA BC DA B .C D A B C DAIn comparisonBIn comparisonCOn comparisonDOn comparisonA BC D.A B C D A B C DA、这些卡通形象象征了所有中国人民的希望和梦想，自然的五大元素，同时也象征了五种祝福——繁荣、幸福、健康、好运和激情。
B象征了五种祝福——繁荣、快乐、健康、好运和热情。
C、这些人物形象象征了所有中国人民的希望和梦想，自然的五大元素，也很好的象征了五种祝福——繁荣、幸福、健康、好运和热情。
D的象征了五种祝福——繁荣、快乐、健康、好运和激情。
.A) the temperature of the earth will never changeB) the earth is becoming hotter and hotterC) the Greenhouse effect is not common in the worldD) we should use more fossil fuelA) More hot gases.that were put into the atmosphere. .B) More and more glass-made houses.C) The rising temperature of the Earth.D) More wheat in America and central Russia.A) About 15oC.B) Above 15oC.C) 1.5oCD) Above 4oC.A) Use less fossil fuel..B) Protect rainC) Use more natural energy from the sun , the sea and wind. .D) All of the above.A) How to Protect Our EarthB) The Greenhouse EffectC) Solution to Pollution of the EarthD) Solution to the Energy Crisis.A) competitivenessB) high tuitionC) fameD) financial aidA) alwaysB) neverC) donD) rarely.A) $ 35,000B) $ 30,000C) $ 25,000D) $ 20,000A) experienceB) good fameC) a big-name diplomaD) much moneyA) is good at writingB) is in trouble.C) has a lot of choicesD) is very importantA) oneB) hearing damage or loss can be caused by extremely loud noises. .C) loud music are not harmful to the earD) common sounds at home are not harmful to the earA) the sound of a jet air planeB) loud musicC) the sound of machines in factoriesD) all of the aboveA) should never be taken more than four grams dailyB) can damage oneC) makes hearing damage from loud noise worseD) increases hearing loss by three times.A) often take jet airplanes on tripsB) like listening to loud musicC) are drowned in loud noisesD) take too much aspirinA) how much aspirin would affect a personB) how much aspirin should be given for the patients with hearing problemC) whether the person who had hearing damage should use aspirinD) whether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage..。
郑州大学远程教育英语统考总试卷
郑州大学远程教育英语统考总试卷大学英语B1一、交际英语1.-Could I borrow your car, please?-______________________A.Good idea.B.No hurry.C.With pleasure.D.No surprise.答案：C2.- It's rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window? - ________A.Yes, please.B.No, please.C.Sure, please.D.I don't like it.答案：B3.- What's the problem with your bike?- _________A.Not at all.B.Good, thank you.C.Nothing serious.D.Sure答案：C4.- How's your family?- _________A.Thanks all the same.B.Thanks for calling.C.Not too bad.D.Don't mention it.答案：C5.- Hi, Tom, how's everything with you?- ___________, and how are you?A.Don't mention itB.Hm, not too badC.ThanksD.Pretty fast答案：B二、阅读理解In 1626, Manhattan Island was purchased（购买）from the Indians by Peter Minuit. It cost about $ 2,400. At first, it was called New Amsterdam by the Dutch settlers. Later it was renamed New York by the English.The city grew rapidly. There were several reasons for this, but the most important one is its location. New York is situated on the best American harbor on the Atlantic Ocean. It also lies on the Hudson River, which allows water transportation into the middle of the United States.Today New York has a population of approximately eight million. The city has groups from many races. It is famous for its Chinatown. It also has the largest Jewish population of any city outside Israel. After the blacks were released from slavery, a large number of them moved into cities like New York, Philadelphia, and Washington. More recently, people from Puerto Rico have done the same thing.New York is made up of five boroughs（行政区）. The Bronx is the only one located on themainland, with Brooklyn, Richmond, and Queens being on islands. It is a large manufacturing center because factories canbe located near good water transportation. Two of the main businesses are the clothing industry and the printing industry. Most large publishing companies have their headquarters there.6.Manhattan was bought by Peter Minuit.A.TB.F答案：A7.The Indians named the city New York.A.TB.F答案：B8.New York grows so rapidly, because of its people.A.TB.F答案：B9.New York borough Bronx is not on an island.A.TB.F答案：A10.The printing industry and the clothing industry are two of the main businesses of New York.A.TB.F答案：AIn the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call duringsleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person, who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.11.What is the main idea of this passage? ________A.It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.B.The role of time in social life over the world.C.If people are late, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S.D.Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.答案：B12.What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? _______A.A matter of work.B.A matter of life or death.C.You want to see him or her.D.You want to make an appointment with him or her.答案：B13.Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend in the U.S. A.?A.at 7:00 amB.at 4:00 pmC.at the midnightD.at 4 am答案：B14.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ________A.In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.B.No misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures about the concept of time.C.It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A..D.Promptness is valued highly in American life.答案：D15.From the passage we can safely infer that _______A.it’s a matter of life or d eath if you call someone in day time.B.the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.C.it makes no difference in the U.S. whether you are early or late for a business party.D.if a person is late for a date, he needn’t make some explanation.答案：B三、词汇与语法16.Chinese is spoken by the _____number of people in the world.A.smallestB.most/doc/3117952883.html,rgestD.wide答案：C17.I thought that honesty _______ the best policy.A.wasB.isC.wereD.be答案：B18.- Do you want to wait?- Five days ________ too long for me to wait.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are答案：C19.He _______ lives in the house where he was born.A.alreadyB.yetC.stillD.ever答案：C20.The young lady coming over to us _____ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that!A.must beC.would beD.could be答案：A四、完型填空There was a woman in Detroit, who had two sons. She was worried about them, especially the younger one, Ben, because he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class made jokes about him because he seemed so ___21___.The mother decided that she would herself have to get her sons to do better in school. She told them to go to the Detroit Public Library to read a book a week and do a book report for her.One day, in Ben's ___22___, the teacher held up a rock and asked if anyone knew it. Ben put up his hand and the teacher let him ___23___. “Why did Ben put up his hand?” his classmates wondered. “He never said anything. What could he possibly want to say?”Well, Ben not only ___24___ the rock, but also said a lot about it. He named other rocks in its group and even knew where the teacher had found it. The teacher and the students were surprised. Ben had learned all this from doing one of his book reports.Ben later went on to the ___25___ of his class. When he finished high school, he went to Yale University and at last became one of the best doctors in the United States．21.A.topB.slowC.classE.knew 答案：B22.A.topB.slowC.classD.answerE.knew 答案：C23.A.topB.slowC.classD.answerE.knew 答案：D24.A.topB.slowC.classD.answerE.knew 答案：E25.A.topB.slowC.classD.answerE.knew答案：A五、英译汉26.This is the worst hospital I have ever seen.答案：这是我见过的最差的医院。
【免费下载】郑州大学远程教育英语考试 10
B) has changed peopleˊs social position
C) has changed peopleˊs understanding of age
D) has slowed down the countryˊs social development
America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways — education, medicine, and business. Quietly the graying of America. has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.
B、The guide showed me the way.
D、Oh, wonderful indeed.
B、Oh, never mind. It doesn’t matter
D、There are no questions
B、Come on, I’ve got lots of fun.
郑州大学2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案（修正版）
郑州大学2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案（修正版）郑州大学2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案II. Vocabulary (10%)31.The neighbors do not consider him quite _______________________ as most evenings he awakens them with his drunken singing.(A) respected (B) respectable (C) respective (D) respectful答案：B 由于他经常喝醉酒唱歌吵醒人，他的邻居认为他是个不可礼遇的人。
resp ectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”，有被动含义。
A)respectful“恭敬的，尊敬人的”，指主动性的“尊敬他人”的意思；B)respected“受尊敬的”，指年长的人或具有权威性；D)respective 意为“各自的，各个的”32.Since it is late to change my mind now, I am ___________________ to carrying out the plan.(A) committed (B) obliged (C) engaged (D) resolve答案：D be obliged to do sth 有义务做sth 不得不做be committed to 致力于委任于be engaged in 参与从事忙于be resolved to do = be determined to do 决心做sth 翻译：既然我现在改变想法为之已晚，我决定坚决执行这个计划33.The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to _______________ funds from armaments to health andeducation.(A) derive (B) change (C) convert (D) divert答案：D divert vt.使转移;娱乐;转移注意力34.The board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be important positions.(A) attributed to (B) furnished with(C) installed in (D) inserted into答案：C35.The lady who has ____________ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his.(A) put him up (B) put him out(C) put him on (D) put him in答案：A put sb. up “向某人提供食宿”。
郑州大学远程教育学院英语统考试卷以及答案二
郑州大学远程教育学院英语统考试卷以及答案二第一部分：交际用语（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）此部分共有10个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Who’s that speaking?—This is Tom_________________.A. speaksB. spoken.C. speaking?D. saying.2. —I’m sorry. I lost the key.—____________________A. Well, it’s OK.B. No, it’s all right.C. You are welcome.D. You are wrong.3. —It’s rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window?—___________A. Yes, please.B. No, go ahead.C. Sure, please.D. I don’t like it.4. —____________—He teaches physics in a school.A. What does your father want to do?B. who is your father?C. what is your father?D. where is your father now?5. —Excuse me, how much is the jacket?—It’s 499 Yuan. _____________.A. Oh, no. That’s OK!B. How do you like it?C. Which do you prefer?D. Would you like to try it on?6. —____________—Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A. When did your parents arrive at Paris?B. How long have your parents been in Paris?C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?D. When will your parents go to Paris?7. —How often do you go dancing?—______________A. I will go dancing tomorrowB. Yesterday.C. Every other day.D. I’ve been dancing for a year.8. —You know, I have three kids now.—______________A. Well, I’ve grown a mustache.B. That’s terrific!C. Say, you’ve really changed your hair.D. Well, I gave up drinking.9. —How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight?—___________A. Forget it.B. Sorry, I like Mexican food.C. That’s great!D. Glad you like it.10.—Madam, do all the buses go downtown?—_____________A. Wow, you got the idea.B. No, never mind.C. Pretty well, I guess.D. Sorry, I’m new here.第二部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）Passage 1Laws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use. All the armed services h ave precise regulations on how to display the national flag. This may vary somewhat from the general r ules. The national flag should be raised and lowered by hand. Do not raise the flag while it is fold ed. Unfold the flag first, and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole. Lower it slowly and with dignity. Place no objects on or over the flag. Do not use the flag as part of a costume or athletic uniform. Do not print it upon cushions, handkerchiefs, paper napkins or boxes. A federal law p rovides that the trademark cannot be registered if it comprises the flag, or badgers of the US. When the flag is used to unveil a statue or monument, it shouldn’t serve as a covering of the object to be unveiled. If it is displayed on such occasions, do not al low the flag to fall to the ground, but let it be carried high up in the air to form a feature of the ceremony. Take every precaution to prevent the flag from soiled. It should not be allowed to tou ch the ground or floor, nor to brush against objects.(227 words)11. How do Americans ensure proper respect for the national flag? __________A. By making laws.B. By enforcing discipline.C. By educating the public.D. By holding ceremonies.12. What is the regulation regarding the raising of the American National Flag? _________A. It should be raised by soldiers.B. It should be raised quickly by hand.C. It should be raised only by Americans.D. It should be raised by mechanical means.13. How should the American National Flag be displayed at an unveiling ceremony?_______A. It should be attached to the status.B. It should be hung from the top of the monument.C. It should be spread over the object to be unveiled.D. It should be carried high up in the air.14. What do we learn about the use of the American National Flag? ________A. There has been a lot of controversy over the use of flag.B. The best athletes can wear uniforms with the design of the flag.C. There are precise regulations and customs to be followed.D. Americans can print the flag on their cushions or handkerchiefs.15. What is Americans’attitude towards their National Flag? ________A. ArbitraryB. Respect.C. Happy.D. Brave.Passage 2It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly become “in”. Between the hours of 11 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., college television lounges are filled with soap opera fans who can’t wait to see the next episode in the lives of their favorite characters.Actually, soaps are more than a college favorite; they’re a youth favorite. When school is out, high-school students are in front of their TV sets. One youn g working woman admitted that she turned down a higher paying job rather than give up watching her fa vorite serials. During the 1960’s, it was uncommon for young people to watch soap operas. The mood of the sixties was very different from now. It was a time of seriousness, and talk was about social issues of great importance.Now, seriousness has been replaced by fun. Young people want to be happy. It may seem strange that th ey should turn to soap opera, which is known for showing trouble in people’s lives. But soap opera is enjoyment. Young people can identify with the soap opera character, who, li ke the college-age viewer, is looking for happy love, and probably not finding it. And soap opera give s young people a chance to feel close to people without having to bear any responsibility for their p roblems.(226 words)16. What is soap opera? __________A. Plays based on science fiction stories.B. Plays based on non-fiction stories.C. The daytime serial dramas on TV.D. Popular documentary films on TV.17. What can be the best title of the passage? _______A. College student viewers.B. Favorite TV serials.C. Soap opera fans.D. College-age viewers.18. Which are not the reasons why the soap opera suddenly becomes “in”according to the passage? ___ ______A. Because the viewers want to be happy and to enjoy themselves.B. Because the soap opera makes young people feel close to their people.C. Because the viewers can find themselves in the soap opera characters.D. Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles.19. What can we learn from the passage? ___________A. College students like soap operas more than any other social groups.B. Young people of sixties liked soap operas more than people today.C. Young viewers have turned themselves from the seriousness of sixties to enjoyment now.D. The young as a whole are trying to look for happy love but in vain.20. What message does the author want to convey to us? _________A. The people’s favorites to drama works have been changed for a long time.B. The people’s favorites to drama works change along with the times.C. The people’s favorites to drama works is changed by the soap opera.D. The people’s favorites have changed the drama works.Passage 3How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they ag reed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which cou ld be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations-----the things they bring up before our minds. Wor ds become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words re call to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the numbe r of words that mean something increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words whic h appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should th erefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech sill y and vulgar.(239 words)21. The origin language is _________.A. a legend handed down from the pastB. a matter that is hidden or secretC. a question difficult to answerD. a problem not yet solved22. What is true about words? ___________A. They are used to express feelings only.B. They can not be written down.C. They are simply sounds.D. They are mysterious.23. The real power of words lies in their ________.A. propertiesB. characteristicsC. peculiarityD. representative function24. By “association”, the author means __________.A. a special qualityB. a joining of ideas in the mindC. an appearance which is puzzlingD. a strange feature25. Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true? _________A. He is no more than a master of words.B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.C. He can move men to tears.D. His style is always charming.第三部分：词汇与结构（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）此部分共有20个未完成的句子，针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
10级各专业英语期末试题
( ) 12. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _________ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A. whatB. thatC. howD. where( ) 13. Neither you nor your brother __________ finished your homework.A. hasB. haveC. to haveD. having( ) 14. There __________ a pencil and some books on the desk.A. areB. wasC. isD. were( ) 15. _________ took us several hours to clear the snows and open the road to traffic.A. AllB. HeC. ItD. They( ) 16. ---- Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, __________ to go to university.---- So do I.A. hopingB. hopedC. hopesD. hope( ) 17. A library with five thousand books _________ to the nation as a gift.A. are offeredB. have offeredC. has offeredD. is offered( ) 18. My friend and my brother __________ discussing a problem in the sitting room.A. isB. wasC. areD. were( ) 19. The number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of students _________ absent for different reasons.A. was; wereB. were; wasC. were; wereD. was; was( ) 20. She is the only one of the girls who __________ ever been there.A. havingB. to haveC. hasD. have( ) 21. Exhausted (筋疲力尽) after the day’s work, __________ to enjoy the evening.A. he found it difficultB. he found difficultC. for him it was difficultD. it was difficult for him( ) 22. Noboy ___________ interested in playing such games.A. hasB. wereC. isD. are( ) 23. Do you think __________ difficult to answer this question?A. itB. veryC. thatD. Yourself( ) 24. A great deal of water ___________ needed in this experiment.A. areB. haveC. isD. has( ) 25. __________ of the land in that district __________ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifths; isB. Two fifths; areC. Two fifth; areD. Two fifth; is( ) 26There __________ two things I’d like to know about.A. isB. areC. wasD. were.( ) 27. __________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhyB. WhereC. WhichD. What( ) 28. Both air and water ___________ polluted in this area.A. areB. isC. beingD. was( ) 29. I think ___________ is necessary __________ us to protect the beautiful wetland.A. this; ofB. it; forC. it; ofD. this; for( ) 30.She is one of the few girls who ___________ in the company.A. is paying wellB. is well paidC. are paying wellD. are well paid ( ) 31. When and where to go for the on-slary holiday ___________ yet.A. is not being decidedB. are not decidedC. has not been decidedD. have not been decided( ) 32. __________ will take you two hours to get there by train.A. WhatB. WhichC. ThatD. It( ) 33. E-mail, as well as telephones, __________ an important part in daily communica- tion.A. have playedB. is playingC. playD. are playing. ( ) 34. We think _________ necessary that college students should know at least one foreign language.A. ThatB. WhatC.itD. Which( ) 35. The last time we had great fun was _________ we were visiting the Water ParkA. howB. whereC. whyD. when ( ) 36._________ was about half past ten when we got to the station.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. Which ( ) 37. _________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. WhateverB. No matter whatC. WhicheverD. No matter which ( ) 38. Every teacher and student __________ good reason to be proud of their school.A. to haveB. havingC. hasD. have( ) 39. _________ is our belief that improvements in health are will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A. ThatB. AsC. ItD. This( ) 40.None of the materials __________ conductors.A. wasB. areC. isD. were二、完形填空。
英语期末考试试题集 郑州大学
Unit 1 Part 10 V ocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1. Consequently, this young woman would have ________ curiosity because she was well dressed and, though no longer a girl, she was not wearing black.A. risenB. arousedC. causedD. wokenCorrect answer: B2. A recent ________ was that about 20 per cent of college graduates joined the army of the unemployment last year.A. estimateB. numberC. figureD. statisticCorrect answer: A3. He said he was a policeman and therefore had the ________ to arrest speeding drivers.A. controlB. influenceC. authorityD. priorityCorrect answer: C4. On the coast the weather is ________ with day after day of hot sunshine, in the mountains however the air cools quickly and until the end of June you can still find snow on the mountain tops.A. funnyB. interestingC. romanticD. fantasticCorrect answer: D5. The door closed behind Tweed as he scanned the handsomely ________ double room which overlooked Albemarle Street.A. furnishedB. finishedC. suppliedD. providedCorrect answer: A6. The same question was usually set in two forms, one ________ choice and one where the pupil had to supply an answer.A. manyB. multipleC. substantialD. differentCorrect answer: B7. Some artists are able to ________ a likeness in a sketch while others are gifted to ________ a fleeting expression.A. grasp/getB. hold/captureC. catch/captureD. capture/catchCorrect answer: C8. The boy ________ his friend out of the apple by insisting that it was rotten, if not poisonous.A. deceivedB. fooledC. misledD. cheatedCorrect answer: D9. I would like to ________ you of the following changes we've made in the plans for the development of our company.A. noticeB. noteC. notifyD. suggestCorrect answer: C10. Once you have made your booking and paid a ________, then the cost of your holiday cannot be changed.A. depositB. savingC. fundD. loanCorrect answer: A11. The ________ of the man who beat the girl to death was not for money but for killing.A. motiveB. motivationC. pushD. driveCorrect answer: A12. By the fact that he stayed in the United States for more than ten years, he developed an American ________.A. stressB. soundC. voiceD. accentCorrect answer: D13. The spy ________ himself so well as an old lady that he escaped the sharp eyes of the policemen.A. hidB. coveredC. deceivedD. disguisedCorrect answer: D14. A phenomenon is ________ if it has elements that arouse one's wonder, stimulate one's curiosity, and make it difficult to explain it.A. oddB. curiousC. mysteriousD. strangeCorrect answer: C15. A soap ________ is a popular television series about the daily lives and problems of a group of people.B. playC. operaD. programCorrect answer: C16. Will you go to the party ________ me, so that our host won't be too offended?A. instead ofB. rather thanC. no other thanD. excerpt forCorrect answer: A17. I feel that when there are so many better people for the chairmanship, I should step ________.A. apartB. outsideC. offD. asideCorrect answer: D18. In response to my invitation to a party, he said he would like to go with me ________ his headache.A. apart fromB. besidesC. butD. except forCorrect answer: D19. Now that the director is in a good ________, you can talk to him about the possible injection of cash into your project.A. feelingB. emotionC. moodD. statusCorrect answer: C20. "I'm certain David told you his business troubles." "________, it's no secret that he owes money to more than two banks."A. AnyhowB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. SomewhatCorrect answer: A21. "I don't like being in the house on my own." "________ at night? Do you mind being by yourself at night?"A. What aboutB. What withC. What ifD. So whatCorrect answer: A22. He came back late, ________ which time all the guests had already left.A. afterB. atC. byD. duringCorrect answer: C23. ________ money from his department, Mr. Williams would have been promoted to the position as director.A. If he did not stealB. Had he not stolenC. Did he not stealD. Should he not stealCorrect answer: B24. ________ it was on the side of a mountain, the village was very quiet.A. Isolated asB. Isolating ifC. Being isolated asD. Having been isolated ifCorrect answer: A25. I hope all the measures against air pollution, ________ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A. whileB. sinceC. thatD. asCorrect answer: D26. We have been told that under no circumstances ________ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A. may we useB. we may useC. we could useD. did we useCorrect answer: A27. In no country ________ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A. more thanB. other thanC. rather thanD. less thanCorrect answer: B28. ________ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.A. It beingB. It isC. There isD. There beingCorrect answer: C29. The project ________ by the end of 2005, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 3,000,000 users.A. accomplishedB. being accomplishedC. to be accomplishedD. having been accomplishedCorrect answer: C30. ________, they managed to finish the job on time.A. Difficult as it wasB. Difficult if it wasC. As difficult it wasD. If it was difficultCorrect answer: AUnit 2 Part 10 V ocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1. While a ________ amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.A. moderateB. modernC. largeD. strikingCorrect answer: A2. If you ___________ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. conductB. dismissC. grantD. moderateCorrect answer: D3. I don't think he is old ________ to do the job.A. sufficientB. plentifulC. enoughD. adequateCorrect answer: C4. The ________ year begins when school opens in September.A. studyingB. learningC. schoolD. academicCorrect answer: D5. The physicist needed more ________ before his theory could be accepted.A. financeB. publicationsC. evidenceD. recognitionCorrect answer: C6. Students of ________ grades are those studying in the first three grades of elementaryschool.A. elementaryB. basicC. mainD. primaryCorrect answer: D7. The museum is ________ a rare collection of coins.A. displayingB. exhibitingC. presentingD. givingCorrect answer: B8. Many cookbooks have very ________ directions.A. complexB. involvedC. complicatedD. compoundCorrect answer: C9. The ________ for speeding is a fine of one hundred and fifty dollars.A. penaltyB. punishmentC. criticismD. remedyCorrect answer: A10. The two brothers are very much _______, not only in walking but also in thinking.A. likeB. likelyC. alikeD. aliveCorrect answer: C11. The Great Wall snakes its way ________ the mountains.A. throughB. acrossC. pastD. behindCorrect answer: A12. These areas rely on agriculture almost ___________, having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development.A. respectivelyB. relativelyC. incrediblyD. exclusivelyCorrect answer: D13. A ________ reduction in reaction time will occur if a senior doesn't stay in activity.A. clearB. obviousC. beautifulD. strikingCorrect answer: D14. The survival __________ of some wild animals is not very high as they are often killed for their skins.A. rateB. degreeC. ratioD. scaleCorrect answer: A15. From this material we can _________ hundreds of what you may call direct products.A. deriveB. reduceC. splitD. replaceCorrect answer: A16. The court considers a financial _______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A. optionB. dutyC. responsibilityD. penaltyCorrect answer: D17. His grandfather is still ________ and lively, full of energy.A. vigorousB. violentC. intenseD. high-impactCorrect answer: A18. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ________.A. was put offB. is to put offC. be put offD. should put offCorrect answer: C19. Frequently single-parent children ________ some of the housework.A. take offB. take afterC. take onD. take inCorrect answer: C20. He'll be angry if you try to ________ him. He is very busy now.A. interfere withB. interfere inC. disturb withD. worry aboutCorrect answer: A21. People ________ will support us in having a change of the educational system.A. in particularB. in generalC. as usualD. in commonCorrect answer: B22. Physical exercise is particularly necessary to primary pupils ________ it helps them power up the brain.A. by thatB. on thatC. in thatD. on thatCorrect answer: C23. You are not stage 3 - the last and most dangerous one - ________ your iron reserves go to zero.A. tillB. untilC. afterD. whileCorrect answer:24. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, ________ is often the case in other countries.A. soB. asC. itD. thatCorrect answer: B25. I'd rather you ________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. didn'tB. don'tC. wouldn'tD. shouldn'tCorrect answer: A26. Americans consume ________ as they actually need every day.A. twice protein as muchB. twice protein as manyC. twice as much proteinD. protein as twice muchCorrect answer: C27. Jane never dreams of ________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there to be a chanceB. there being a chanceC. there be a chanceD. being a chanceCorrect answer: B28. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you ________ it.A. wouldn't have doneB. mustn't have doneC. didn't have to doD. mightn't have doneCorrect answer: C29. If tap water were as dangerous as some think, ________ would be getting sick.A. a lot of more usB. a lot more of usC. more a lot of usD. a lot us of moreCorrect answer: B30. Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university ________.A. was acceptedB. were acceptedC. has been acceptedD. have been acceptedCorrect answer: AUnit 3 Part 10 V ocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1. Can you give me an ____________ of how much it will cost to take the journey?A. assessmentB. evaluationC. admissionD. estimateCorrect answer: D2. Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most ____________ areas in Japanese life.A. sophisticatedB. competitiveC. considerateD. superficialCorrect answer: B3. He badly __________ his back digging in the public garden on Children's Day.A. stressedB. exertedC. pulledD. strainedCorrect answer: D4. His plan sounds ________, so you'd better carry out.A. feasibleB. uselessC. worthyD. federalCorrect answer: A5. When we shook hands I was conscious of his firm ______________.A. fistB. handC. punchD. gripCorrect answer: D6. After a short holiday, he ___________ himself once more to his studies.A. appliedB. convertedC. engagedD. exertedCorrect answer: A7. It is a joy to hear ________ apologies (道歉) that are from the bottom of one's heart.A. realB. trueC. sincereD. realisticCorrect answer: C8. Drinking alcohol can ________ your ability to drive properly.A. effectB. affectC. influenceD. impactCorrect answer: B9. The purpose of the seminar is to train some of the employees to work ________ in the branch offices abroad.A. laterB. lateC. latelyD. latestCorrect answer: A10. As the door of China is open, Western ideas and ________ come in.A. moralB. moraleC. moralsD. valueCorrect answer: C11. Climate and weather affect every ________ of our lives.A. factorB. respectC. aspectD. partCorrect answer: C12. ________ in simple living was what her parents wished for.A. The girl was educatedB. The girl to be educatedC. The girl educatedD. The girl's being educatedCorrect answer: D13. ________ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.A. Even ifB. As far asC. If onlyD. So long asCorrect answer: A14. The East and the West can work together for their ________ benefit and progress.A. commonB. mutualC. sameD. cooperativeCorrect answer: B15. English is the necessary foreign language on our school's ________.A. classB. courseC. lessonD. curriculumCorrect answer: D16. It might be ________ to give your attitude towards study a second thought.A. worthB. worthyC. worthwhileD. worthilyCorrect answer: C17. All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. were canceledB. had been canceledC. having been canceledD. have been canceledCorrect answer: C18. Over half of the population of the country ________ in traditional sports.A. takeB. practiseC. go forD. participateCorrect answer: D19. She isn't beautiful. But she is ________ pretty.A. kind ofB. a kind ofC. of a kindD. a sort ofCorrect answer: A20. We must ________ a better way to save money if we are to buy a new house.A. work outB. work atC. work onD. work forCorrect answer: A21. If he had been more careful with the details, his plan would not have ________.A. fallen offB. fallen throughC. fallen awayD. fallen overCorrect answer: B22. In a time of social reform, people's state of mind tends to keep ________ with the rapid changes of society.A. stepB. progressC. paceD. touchCorrect answer: C23. Our journey was slow because the train stopped ________ at different villages.A. continuallyB. continuouslyC. graduallyD. unceasinglyCorrect answer: A24. This crop does not do well in soils ________ the one for which it has been specially developed.A. outsideB. other thanC. beyondD. rather thanCorrect answer: B25. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ________ were surprising.A. as resultsB. which resultsC. the results of itD. the results of whichCorrect answer: D26. We'll visit Europe next year ________ we have enough money.A. providedB. untilC. lestD. unlessCorrect answer: A27. These two areas are similar ________ they both have much rain during this season.A. to thatB. in thatC. besides thatD. except thatCorrect answer:Unit 4 Part 10 V ocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1. In the 1700' s North American colonists proclaimed their wealth and social ________ by wearing elaborate stockings (长袜).A. responsibilityB. eventsC. organizationD. statusCorrect answer: D2. A _________ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A. solutionB. settlementC. responseD. resultCorrect answer: A3. A good deal of the _____________ for their success must go to John Francis, the captain.A. reputationB. respectC. creditD. fameCorrect answer: C4. This rapid growth has been achieved by a ______________ handful of people.A. simpleB. scarceC. slightD. bareCorrect answer: D5. I like my teacher, but feel no ________ for her.A. affectionB. likeC. feelingD. motionCorrect answer: A6. The grandfather ________ all the members of the family for the annual picnic.A. putB. assembledC. collectedD. hadCorrect answer: B7. Many old readers do not like the modern ________ of The Holy Bible. They've got used to King James'.A. publicationB. visionC. versionD. copyrightCorrect answer: C8. The investigation (调查) demonstrates that his enemies ________ false stories about him.A. encouragedB. causedC. inspiredD. enlightenedCorrect answer: C9. She goes to the dentist to have her teeth ________ twice a week.A. lookedB. watchedC. observedD. inspectedCorrect answer: D10. The country's first act would be to ________ for the navy.A. employB. inviteC. recruitD. supplyCorrect answer: C11. Policemen wear a ________ uniform.A. distinctiveB. distinctC. distinguishedD. clearCorrect answer: A12. He asked me to get her ________ of blue silk for a new dress.A. modelsB. samplesC. examplesD. typesCorrect answer: B13. Like all the plans I will suggest, it is not ______; this is part of a long, north-east facing border in my own garden.A. imaginaryB. imaginativeC. marineD. imaginableCorrect answer: A14. As we can no longer wait for the delivery (投递) of our order, we have to ________ it.A. acceptB. cancelC. refuseD. delayCorrect answer: B15. Most broadcasters believe that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is ________.A. grantedB. remediedC. impliedD. exaggeratedCorrect answer: D16. ________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A. Much although he likes herB. Much as he likes herC. As he likes her muchD. Although much he likes herCorrect answer: B17. In the ________ of the project not being a success, the manager stand to lose up to $30 million.A. faceB. timeC. eventD. courseCorrect answer: C18. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, ________ obtaining fresh water is not the least.A. whichB. with whichC. for whichD. of whichCorrect answer: D19. You ________ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldn't have been followingB. shouldn't followC. mustn't followD. couldn't have been followingCorrect answer: A20. I think I was at school, ________ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.A. and thenB. or elseC. or soD. even soCorrect answer: B21. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ________ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A. to be based onB. to base onC. on which to baseD. which to base onCorrect answer: C22. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested ________ at the next town.A. to stopB. stoppingC. stopD. having stoppedCorrect answer: B23. The early pioneers had to ________ many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go along withB. go throughC. go back onD. go intoCorrect answer: B24. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A. whichB. thoseC. in whichD. thatCorrect answer: D25. You will see this product ________ wherever you go.A. to be advertisedB. advertisedC. advertiseD. advertisingCorrect answer: B26. Not until the game had began ________ at the sports ground.A. had he arrivedB. would he have arrivedC. should he have arrivedD. did he arriveCorrect answer: D27. The suggestion that the scientist ________ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A. would presentB. presentC. ought to presentD. presentsCorrect answer: BUnit 5 Part 10 V ocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1. In theory every citizen in a democratic (民主的) country may _________ to the protection of the law.A. claimB. appealC. pronounceD. prayCorrect answer: B2. Ideas __________ from one's own experience are sometimes more valuable than those from books.A. derivedB. depositedC. retreatedD. restoredCorrect answer: A3. By _________ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.A. railB. rudeC. rackD. roughCorrect answer: D4. I could see that my wife was __________ having that fashionable coat, whether I approved of it or not.A. determined toB. intent onC. short ofD. focused inCorrect answer: B5. They have _________ for the car to pick them up at the station.A. arrangedB. managedC. appointedD. borrowedCorrect answer: A6. If you want to __________ a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country.A. secureB. serveC. sureD. ensureCorrect answer: D7. Mike had dropped in to ______ how things were going on.A. inquireB. requireC. assignD. acquireCorrect answer: A8. She ______ the respect of everybody present.A. achievedB. securedC. earnedD. collectedCorrect answer: C9. Both sides exchanged their views on a wide ______ of topics they were interested in at the meeting.A. extentB. expandC. numberD. rangeCorrect answer: D10. He could feel the ______ of living in a warm, affectionate family setting.A. pleasureB. delightC. joyD. enjoymentCorrect answer: C11. He was a man of noble ______. He came from an old and prominent family in Virginia.A. originB. sourceC. rootD. resourceCorrect answer: A12. The children went to the construction site to watch the iron tower ______.A. to erectB. be erectedC. erectingD. being erectedCorrect answer: D13. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A. to be informedB. on informingC. informedD. informingCorrect answer: C14. The old lady never laughed, ________ lose her temper.A. or she ever didB. nor did she everC. or did she everD. nor she ever didCorrect answer: B15. What do you think of his proposal that improvement _______ in the old type of vacuum (真空) cleaner?A. be madeB. will be madeC. would be madeD. will have to be madeCorrect answer: A16. He has a large collection of books, _______ are written in English.A. any thatB. many of whichC. many in whichD. among many thatCorrect answer: B17. The house was not very old. It __________.A. ought not to have knocked downB. ought not to have been knocked downC. ought not to knock downD. ought not be knocked downCorrect answer: B18. The meeting was put off because we _______ a meeting without Jack.A. objected for havingB. objected to haveC. were objected to havingD. objected to havingCorrect answer: D19. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication _______ the advertiser pays for message to be delivered.A. in thatB. whereasC. whichD. now thatCorrect answer: A20. _____ more and more scientists carrying out large-scale scientific researches, the space industry will become more promising.A. AsB. Thanks toC. WithD. SinceCorrect answer: C21. The environment of this city will be more seriously polluted ______ effective measures are taken to prevent factories from sending out poisonous gases and waste water.A. ifB. onceC. howeverD. unlessCorrect answer: D22. _______ is no reason for discharging her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes being lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes lateCorrect answer: C23. ______ dog was the first animals to be domesticated is generally agreed upon by authorities in the field.A. Until theB. It was theC. TheD. That theCorrect answer: D24. "He gave me _______ $ 200!" He said with satisfaction.A. no less thanB. no more thanC. something likeD. onlyCorrect answer: A25. I couldn't find ________, and so I took this one.A. a large enough coatB. a large coat enoughC. an enough large coatD. a coat enough largeCorrect answer: A26. It is necessary that an efficient worker _______ his work on time.A. accomplishesB. has accomplishedC. can accomplishD. accomplishCorrect answer: DUnit 6 Part 10 V ocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ______ operation, he quickly recovered his sight.A. delicateB. considerateC. preciseD. sensibleCorrect answer: A2. Could you please _____ an appointment for me to see Mr. Smith?A. manageB. arrangeC. takeD. prepareCorrect answer: B3. The Americans set a new world ______ in the sprint relay.A. markB. standardC. levelD. recordCorrect answer: D4. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _____ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.A. scalesB. patternsC. gradesD. ranksCorrect answer: B5. Last year the advertising rate ________ by 20 percent.A. roseB. raisedC. arousedD. aroseCorrect answer: A6. The guard walked through the train ______ everyone's ticket.A. inspectingB. overlookingC. reviewingD. analyzingCorrect answer: A7. Our holiday was _______ by showers of rain.A. spoiledB. destroyedC. crashedD. discouragedCorrect answer: A8. Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular ________.A. gapsB. rateC. intervalsD. lengthCorrect answer: C9. We were tired of hearing him ________ about how strong he was.A. commentB. remarkC. referD. boastCorrect answer: D10. He played the guitar (吉他) so well that everyone was _______.A. affectedB. arousedC. effectedD. impressedCorrect answer: D11. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _______.A. scarcityB. minorityC. minimumD. shortageCorrect answer: B12. My uncle rarely used to oversleep, _________?A. wasn't heB. didn't heC. was heD. did heCorrect answer: D13. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ________.A. put him throughB. turned him outC. gave him upD. cut him shortCorrect answer: D14. Only after a long chat _________ that Mr. Smith was in fact a boss of a big factory.A. he realizedB. he has realizedC. did he realizeD. has realized heCorrect answer: C15. The room ________ cool in summer and warm in winter.A. feelsB. has been feltC. is felt。
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环境工程、市政工程专业2010级研究生专业英语试卷姓名：专业学号分数
一．将以下简称用英文拼写完整（10×1.0，共10分）
COD
SBR
UASB
MLVSS
HRT
POPs
DO
TSP
CAST
ABR
二．将下列中文词汇译成英文（40×1.0，共40分）
污染物浓度
下水道冲击负荷
有机的异养的
浓度好氧细菌
预处理机械曝气
微生物絮状物
氯化物水解作用
参数酶
可生物降解的抑制的
氧气脱氮除磷
胶体的初沉池
格栅充水比
活性污泥泥龄
曝气池氧化沟
新陈代谢人工湿地
硝酸盐颗粒活性碳
富营养化污泥处置
絮凝剂厌氧消化
吸附生物硝化
反渗透膜排放标准
三将下列段落翻译成中文（3×10.0，共30分）
1. In aerobic processes (i.e. molecular oxygen is present), heterotrophic bacteria (those obtaining carbon from organic compounds) oxidize about one-third of the colloidal and dissolved organic matter to stable end products (CO2+H2O) and convert the remaining two-thirds into new microbial cells that can be removed from the wastewater by settling. Ever since the importance of wastewater treatment became recognized, municipalities and industries have relied almost exclusively on aerobic rather than anaerobic biological processes for treating their liquid organic wastes. Aerobic treatment has predominated because of its simplicity, stability, efficient and rapid conversion of organic contaminants to microbial cells, and relatively odor-free operation.
2 Wastewaters from industries include employees’ sanitary wastes, process wastes from manufacturing, wash waters, and relatively uncontaminated water from heating and cooling operations. The wastewaters from processing are the major concern. They vary widely with the type of industry. In some cases, pretreatment to remove certain contaminants or equalization to reduce hydraulic load may be mandatory before the wastewater can be accepted into the municipal system. In contrast with the relatively consistent characteristics of domestic sewage, industrial wastewaters often have quite different characteristics, even for similar industries. For this reason, extensive studies may be necessary to assess pretreatment requirements and the effect of the wastewater on biological processes.
3. Modification to the basic oxidation ditch design can be made to achieve nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The key to obtaining nitrogen removal is the proper control of dissolved oxygen levels in different sections of the oxidation ditch, and the maintenance of adequate mass of bacteria under aerobic and anoxic conditions. To meet more stringent total nitrogen effluent limits a separate anoxic channel or basin outside the ditch channels may be added. Holding mixed liquid under anaerobic conditions is required for enhanced biological phosphorus removal. This can be accomplished in either a nonaerated channel or by adding an anaerobic basin before the aerobic oxidation ditch channel.
四将下列句子翻译成英文（5×4.0，共20分）
1. 充氧池内溶解氧含量至少应保持在1.5~
2.0mg/L。
2. 在这些众多的分类中，干燥工艺随干燥剂类型而不同。
3. 表1中给出了废水处理厂三次连续反渗透试验的分析数据，这些数据用于评价在连续实验过程中，温度对分离性能的影响。
4 基于短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化的自养脱氮工艺是生物脱氮领域研究的热点，它的发现为低碳氮比废水的处理提供了新的思路。
近些年来，人们陆续开发了SHARON, ANAMMOX, CANON, OLAND等自养生物脱氮工艺，进一步推动了高效、低耗脱氮技术的开发和研究。
5. 为了应对新的饮用水水质标准，传统的共沉积、离子交换、膜处理、电絮凝、吸附等技术取得了新的进展。
新材料的稳定性、高选择性、廉价性是未来新技术研究与开发的重要研究方向。