09国贸英语
《国贸专业英语》第9章资料
Unit 9Insurance for Goods in Transit货物运输保险Is marine insurance(海上保险)only provided for ocean transport? Read the following article and you will know more about insurance for goods in transit.海上保险是否仅仅为海洋运输提供服务?阅读下文，你将会对运输物资保险有更多的了解。
Key terms : marine insurance 海上保险insurance interest 可保利益total loss 全损general average 共同海损1.The insurance that covers losses of goods in transit is always called marine insurance（海上保险）, even thoughocean transport may not be involved in the matter at all . 为货物在运输过程中所受损失提供保障的保险一般称为海上保险，甚至货物不在海上进行运输。
Marine insurance is a contract（合同）whereby（凭那个）an insurer（保险人）indemnifies（赔偿）the insured(被保险人) against losses incident(伴随而来的) to transportation.海上保险是一种合同，通过该合同，保险人对运输过程中的损失对被保险人进行赔偿。
2. Originally marine insurance was provided only for transport and consequently the name was adopted（采用）. 起初，海上保险仅仅为海上运输所提供，后来这个名字沿用了下来。
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国贸专业英语课后答案2012版
国贸专业英语（第二版）课后习题答案Unit 1 International Trade TheoriesII. 1.c 2.g 3.e 4.k 5.a 6.f 7.h 8.b 9.i 10.o 11.L 12.m 13.p 14.q 15.nV. 1.Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries.2.International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources-whether labor ,technology ,or capital-more efficiently.3.Multinational firms, as opposed to local ones ,undertake their business operations on a global basis.4.For recent years ,China has registered fast and sustained growth in foreign trade volumes.5.Give a globalized world market,firms find themselves in fierce competition with domestic and foreign players.II. 1.b 2.d 3.q 4.a 5.g 6.e 7.c 8.m 9.h 10.o 11.l 12.p 13.j 14.k 15.rV. 1.The import policy is directed at the acquisition of capital goods that embody the modern technology needed to develop China’s economy.2.Many economist argue that free trade will enhance the economic growth and increase the living standard.3.International trade continues to be dominated by advanced industrialized countries the trade volume of which accounts for over half of the world’s total.4.Since the implementation of reforms and opening up policy ,especially after its accession to the WTO ,China has achieved remarkable growth in foreign trade.5.Economists have been engaged in the research on the theoretical and practical issues arising from the expansion of international business.II. 1.p 2.g 3.h 4.b 5.e 6.q 7.a 8.i 9.j 10.c 11.n 12.m 13.d 14.l 15.fV. 1.After the Second World War, there emerged various forms of cross business activities such as trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment and technology transfer, etc.2.In the absence of exchange reserves or credit ,or the possibility of negotiating another type of agreement ,the only alternative is barter.3.Before entering into a licensing agreement ,the licensor should have a thorough knowledge of the laws and regulations concerning the intellectual property rights in the licensee’s country.4.Increasingly, firms are obtaining more profits by introducing products in foreign and their domestic markets as they move toward greater globalization of their operations.5.There is no question that high returns on overseas investments are a major motive for multinational companies to engage in foreign direct investment.II. 1.f 2.h 3.a 4.i 5.b 6.g 7.d 8.k 9.n 10.p 11.m 12.o 13.e 14.c 15.qV. 1.Chrysler auto company should declare bankruptcy rather than ask the government for help.2.The project is the key to the factory for its survival and development.3.The agreement can be considered by America a vote of confidence for Russia's economy.4.The surgeon of emergency room was so busy that he had only time to bolt down a sandwich.5.More specifically, they questioned whether the United States really exported capital-intensive items in exchange for labor-intensive products.II. 1.b 2.q 3.h 4.a 5.i 6.c 7.j 8.k 9.f 10.l 11.p 12.m 13.n 14.d 15.eV. 1.For many years there has been an agreement among nations against imposing quotas unilaterally on goods.2.A projective tariff is intended to artificially inflate prices of imports and “project” domestic industries from foreign competition.ernment procurement policies are also trade barriers because they usually favor domestic manufactures and severely restrict purchases of imported goods by government agencies.4.Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers.5.Customs and other administrative formalities involve a variety of government policies and procedures that either discriminate against imports or favor exports.II. 1.f 2.a 3.m 4.b 5.g 6.d 7.e 8.i 9.n 10.j 11.h 12.k 13.c 14.l 15.oV. 1.Environmentalists argue that if issues such as global warming and protection of the rain forests are not brought into the equation, commercial goals will win out and environment will suffer.2.Unconditional MFN status came in 2000 ,paying the way for WTO membership.3.To the dismay of the US, the panel decided that Japan had not violated WTO rules,as there had been no connection between government action and Japan’s market structure.4.All countries enjoy a recognized right to safeguard national interests ,but this principle ,as well as the interpretation of WTO rules themselves,is subject to considerable latitude in interpretation.5.A country found to be in breach of trade rules by a panel may appeal to the Appellate Body.II. 1.g 2.j 3.h 4.f 5. d 6. e 7. n. 8.a 9.l 10. o 11.i 12.c 13.k 14 p 15.m V. 1.Low- income countries generally did not want to add new topics ,and this conference just reached an agreement for establishing a working group to take on these issues.2. They formed an alliance in Cancun, the alliance took the fight to the Axis powers in Europe and America for the first time.3. To the chagrin of high-income countries , India ,China ,Cuba, Pakistan and Zimbabwe try to link these issues with the obligations of rather than rights of foreign investors.4. Environmental provisions allow a country to restrict imports from other countries without a clear environmental standards, then in this regard, the environmental provisions are in as much as the labor provisions.5. In Cancun, the EU is in the face of strong opposition from G22, a new alliance of low-income countries, for EU's proposal of cancellation of the terms of investment and competition.Unit 8 IncotermsII. 1 .c 2 g 3 o 4 f 5 b 6 k 7 e 8 i9 l 10 d 11 a 12 h 13 j14 p 15 nV. 1 The buyer will assume all costs and risks and make arrangements associated with the transport of the goods, and must make payment according to the contract terms.2 If other modes of transport are involved ,these terms do not apply, even if one of the legs of the journey is by ship.3 In a CFR contract, the sellers has the usual FOB obligations, and after the vessel is loaded the seller is absolved from liability for damage to the cargo.4 The seller’s responsibility for costs and risks of loss will end when the rail car or truck trailer is loaded, or in the case of sea or air transport, when the goods are delivered to the carrier for loading.5 Normally the buyer will make arrangements for further transportation, though the contract might specify that the seller will make such arrangements.II. 1 d 2 g 3i 4 b 5 j 6 a 7 e 8 f 9 h 10 c 11 n 12 k 13 m 14 l15 oV. 1 It would be impractical to attempt to acknowledge individually those many who have given us aid and advice.2 National currencies always have advantage over private currencies.3 The factory was shut down for lack of funds.4 It’s management that’s at fault rather than the workforce.5 Such behavior may result in the executive being asked to leave.Unit10 Contract and OffersII. 1 d 2 f 3 p 4 j 5 h 6 g 7 a 8 c 9 e 10i 11 b 12 k 13 n 14 o 15l V. 1 The company may prefer to submit quotes in the form of a pro-forma invoice for ease of administration as the pro-forma details can be simply transferred to a commercial invoice when the order is placed.2 Once the quotation has been submitted to the buyer, the exporter is committed to fulfilling all the terms contained within the document should an order be placed on the strength of it.3 The buyer, understandably, pointed out that the contract had been agreed and that the exporter was bound to its terms.4 Difficulties may arise when the purchasing company also includes its standard terms and conditions and tries to the gain the upper hand.5. The exporter is advised to prepare some standard terms and conditions of sale that can be incorporated into the documentation in addition to the specific terms of the contract.II. 1.i 2.g 3.f 4.o 5.h 6.e 7.d 8.b 9.m 10.a 11.k 12.n 13.cV. 1.The letter of credit is the bank instrument that assures the seller of payment if he makes the agreed upon shipment.2. Payment shall be available by draft drawn under L/C payable not longer than 90 days after presentation of documents to the negotiating bank of the L/C, together with an interest of 8.5% perannum for buyer’s account.3. Payment by a prime banker’s irrevocable, transferable L/C, confirmed by a first-class bank in the key currency country, covering full value of the contracted goods, in favor of seller, available by draft at sight for 100% invoice value, accompanied with the following documents.4. We have today instructed our bank to open in your favor a confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit with partial shipment and transshipment allowed, available by draft at sight, against surrendering the full set of shipping documents to the negotiating bank.5. This method is for the seller to draw on the buyer for the purchase price on D/P basis.6. The importer, when he wants to open an L/C to cover the purchase from abroad, may apply to his banker for a letter of credit for any amount.7. Y our order was confirmed by our fax of March 15, subject to arrival of credit within 15 days from the date.II. 1i 2.q 3.j 4.p 5.l 6.e 7.o 8.n 9.b 10.c 11.h 12.d 13.a 14.m 15.kV. 1.The Brown Bank in London is in a position to open letters of credit in Renminbi against our sales confirmation or contract.2.Y ou must be aware that an irrevocable L/C gives the exporter the additional protection of banker's guarantee.3.A documentary credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the seller whereby the bank promises to pay a beneficiary against presentation of documents relating to the dispatch of goods.4.The documentary requirements are designated by the buyer in his bank application for the letter of credit.5.We have drawn on you at 60 days' sight a draft for $90,000, under the credit No.450 of June 6, in favor of the Tokyo Bank.6.The expiry date of the credit being May 31, we request that you will arrange with your banker to extend it up to June 10, amending the said credit.7.After the bank pays the sight draft presented by the seller, it advises the buyer that the documents have been successfully negotiated and the buyer should pay the bank in accordance with his bank application.II. 1. d 2.j 3.i 4.l 5. p 6.e 7.g 8. o 9.m 10.k 11.c 12 a 13.h 14.b 15.fV. 1. Although freight forwarders charge for their services, they do at least have well-established international distribution networks that can be utilized cost-effectively, efficiently and with minimum involvement from the importer or exporter.2. There are many numbers of ways in which businesses can see their profitability eroded by lost or damaged goods.3. Companies make use of insurance brokers to insure the shipment during transport and customs brokers to clear the goods through customs on arrival.4. The deposit was refunded on leaving the country providing that it could be proven that the nature and value of the consignment remained unchanged.5. It is within the forwarder’s remit to ensure that goods are properly packaged and marked for transport and that appropriate documentation is prepared to facilitate shipment.。
国贸英语
外贸英语1. 报检基础英语词汇1.foreign trade （外贸）contract （合同）invoice （发票）2. bill of lading （提单）L/C （信用证）buyer （买方）3. import （出口）export（进口）corporation（公司）4. textile （纺织品）telephone（电话）manager（经理）5. message （文电）order （条款）trouble （麻烦）6. minute （分钟）agree （同意）machinery（机械）7. sales （销售）receive（收到）cable （电报）8. customer （顾客）accept （接受）choice （选择）9. industrial （工业的）product（产品）terms（条款）10. important （重要）sign （签字）each (每一个)11. business （业务）start（开始）wait（等待）12. sure （肯定）service（服务）rest （休息）13. fair （交易会）spend（花费）certainly（当然）14. goods（货物）display（展示）commodity（商品）15. silk （丝绸）garment（服装）sample（样品）16. sell（卖出）market（市场）world（世界）17. example（例子）of course（当然）popular（流行的）18. policy（政策）visit （拜访）relation（关系）19. past（过去的）fact（事实）benefit（利益）20. commercial（商业的）cooperate（合作）future（未来）21. specification（规格）price（价格）22. FOB（离岸价）CIF（到岸价）23. inspection（检验）test（检测）report（报告）24. certificate（证书）stamp（印章）health（健康）25. quality （品质）weight（重量）quantity（数量）26. wrong（错误的）colour（颜色）date （日期）27. shipment（装船）answer（回答）delivery（交货）28. size（尺码）percent (百分之) toy（玩具）29. packing（包装）carton（纸箱）kilogram（公斤）30. net weight（净重）confirmation（确认）agent（代理人）31. beneficiary（受益人）applicant（申请人）opening bank（开证行）32. Certificate of Quality（品质证书）Certificate of Weight（重量证书）33. Certificate of Quantity（数量证书）Certificate of packing（包装证书）34. Certificate of Health （健康证书）Certificate of Quarantine（检疫证书）35. veterinary Certificate （兽医证书）Sanitary Certificate（卫生证书）36. Certificate of Origin（产地证书）Certificate of Fumigation（熏蒸证书）37. Fumigation / Disinfection Certificate （熏蒸/消毒证书）38. Animal Health Certificate （动物卫生证书）39. phytosanitary Certificate （植物检疫证书）40. phytosanitary Certificate For Re — export（植物转口检疫证书）41. Sanitary Certificate For Conveyance交通工具卫生证书42. Quarantine Certificate For Conveyance运输工具检疫证书43. veterinary Health Certificate（兽医卫生证书）44. consignee（收货人）consignor（发货人）45. description of goods（货物名称）46. quantity / weight declared （报检数/重量）47. Contract No.（合同号）Invoice No.（发票号）48. place of arrival（到货地点）means of Conveyance（运输工具）49. date of arrival (到货时间) B/L or Way Bill No.（提单或运单号）50. place of despatch（启运口岸）port of destination （到达口岸）51. Date of completion of discharge （卸货日期）52. Mark & No. （标签及号码）destination （目的地）53. Name and No. of Conveyance （运输工具名称及号码）54. port of despatch（启运口岸）port of destination （到达口岸）55. date of arrival / departure （到达/离境日期）56. name and address of consignor （发货人名称及地址）57. name and address of consignee （收货人名称及地址）58. number and type of packages （包装种类及数量）59. document （单据）rule （规则）bank （银行）60. importer（进口商）exporter（出口商）trade mark （商标）61. container （集装箱）vessel（船）to order （待指定）62. plastic drum（塑料桶）gunny bag（麻袋）sack wooden case （木箱）63. packing material（包装材料）outer package （外包装）64. flexible package (软包装) transparent package（透明包装）65. wooden pallet （木托盘）corrugated carton (瓦楞纸箱)66. plywood （胶合板箱）poly bag （塑料袋）67. vacuum packaging （真空包装）cushioning material （衬垫材料）68. dozen (打) roll （卷）bundle （捆）69. water proof packaging （防水包装）rustproof packaging（防锈包装）70. moisture proof packaging （防潮包装）71. shock proof packaging （防震包装）72. adhesive tape （压敏胶带）plastic foam （泡沫塑料）73. long 长high 高thick 厚74. top 顶bottom 底side 边75. fragile 易碎的hard 硬的sharp 锋利的76. packing soumd 包装良好no leakage 无渗漏的77. total net weight 总净重量pumpkin seeds 南瓜子garlic 大蒜78. bike 自行车rubber shoes 胶鞋game player 游戏机79. loud speaker扬声器citric acid 柠檬酸80. inspection Certificate 检验证书certify 证明81. GuangDong Native Product Import & export Corporation 广东土产进出口公司82. The goods were packed in gunny bags of 50kgs net each.货物用麻袋包装，每袋净重50公斤83. The quality of the above mentioned goods were in conformity with the requirement of the contract No.JBD-089. 上述货物的品质符合JBD-089合同号的品质要求。
国贸英语名词
顺差：surplus/favorable balance逆差：deficit/unfavorable balance过境贸易：transit trade转口贸易：entrepot trade定程租船：voyage charter整箱货FCL 拼箱货LCL无船承运人NVOCC托运人shipper/consignor收货人consignee正本提单original 过期提单stale B/L倒签提单Anti-dated B/L预借提单advanced B/L共同海损general average 单独海损particular averageDrawer drawee(付款人) payee(收款人)指示性抬头Demonstractive order来人抬头Bearer order 商业汇票traders bill跟单汇票Documentary Bill提示承兑presentation for acceptance背书endorsement 汇票的退票dishonor汇票的追索Recourse 背书人Endorser被背书人Endorsee 本票promissory note汇款remit 电报cable 电传telex支付委托书Payment order委托人principal 托收行remitting bank代收行collecting bank托收委托书collection order 付款交单D/P承兑交单D/A 信托收据Trust receipt T/R信用证Lertter of credit L/C开证担保书secured agreement for L/C开证行Issuing bank/Opening bank通知行Advising Bank 保兑行confirming议付行Negotiating bank偿付行Reimbursing bank可撤销信用证Revocable credit不可撤销信用证Irrevocable credit保兑信用证confirmed credit即期付款信用证Sight Payment Credit延期付款信用证Deferred Payment Credit承兑信用证（Acceptance Credit）议付信用证（Negotiation Credit）限制议付信用证（Restricted Negotiable Credit）不可议付信用证（Straight Credit预支信用证（Anticipatory Credit）循环信用证（Revolving Credit）不可积累循环信用证（Non-cumulative Revolving Credit）可积累循环信用证（Cumulative Revolving Credit）半自动循环信用证（Semi-automatic…）非自动式、被动循环信用证（Non-automatic…）可转让信用证（Transferable Credit）对背信用证（Back to Back Credit）对开信用证（Reciprocal Credit）。
国贸英语词汇
贸易方式词汇
stocks 存பைடு நூலகம்，库存量
cash sale 现货
purchase 购买，进货
bulk sale 整批销售，趸售
distribution channels 销售渠道
wholesale 批发
retail trade 零售业
hire-purchase 分期付款购买
对外贸易常用英语
They mainly trade with Japanese firms.
他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。
For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company.
在过去的五年中，我们与贵国进行了罅康拿骋住?/P>
foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸
import, importation 进口
importer 进口商
export, exportation 出口
exporter 出口商
import license 进口许口证
export license 出口许口证
to handle 经营某商品
to trade in 经营某商品
business scope/frame 经营范围
trading firm/house 贸易行，商行
Can we do a barter trade?
咱们能不能做一笔易货贸易呢？
Is it still a direct barter trade?
commercial transaction 买卖，交易
国贸英语
civil /`sivl/: a. 全民的，国民的 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利civil service examination 公务员考试aviation /eivi`eif3n/: aviate vi. 飞行（衍生的名词形式：飞行，航空）民用航空，简称民航promise = make a promise承诺，允诺 `promising：有前途的，有希望的aircraft：飞行器，航行器 craft 工艺，手艺 handicraft：手工艺品maintenance /`meintin3ns/：n. 维护，保持 maintain vt. 维持，维修the computer seat booking service system: 网上售票服务系统show：表现“秀”：天桥秀，服装表演 models show clothes on the stage, performance of models as a show of: 作为……的表现negotiation: 商议，谈判 negotiate v. （与某人）商议，谈判，磋商on its entry into: enter into 进入，参加，成为……一部分enter可作及物和不及物动词，即进入的意思。
enter into 是进入什么状态，着手做某事的意思e.g.: Let's not enter into details at this stage. 咱们不要在现阶段著手处理具体问题。
The country entered into a state of war. 这个国家进入战争状态。
WTO: World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织with regard to = with reference to adv. 关于常用的：regard A as B 把A视为Bregrards: Good wishes expressing such sentiment. 问候：表达这类感情的美好祝愿。
国贸英语 单词
capital goods资本货物consumer goods消费品Economies of scale 规模经济labor force劳动力tariff 关税Revenue 收入Import surtax 进出口关税Anti-dumping 反倾销税Countervailing 反补贴税Specific duty 从量税Ad valorem duty 从价税Mixed/compound duty 混合关税Non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒Quota 配额Import license 进口许可证Monopoly 垄断Government procurement 政府采购Customs entry 报关手续Repeat orders 续订单Incoterms 国际贸易术语解释通则CIF到岸价格、成本、保险费加运费Ex Woks 工厂交货费FCA货交承运人FAS 起运港船边交货FOB 离岸价CPT 运费付至CIP 运费和保险费付至DAF 目的地边境交货DES 目的港船边交货DEQ 目的港码头交货DDU 未完税交货DDP 完税交货Export formalities 出口手续Multimodal transport 多式联运Freight forwarder 货运代理人ISO 国际标准组织VAT 增值税Carrier 承运人Transportation terminal 运输终点站Freight rate 运费率Warehousing 仓储Stowage 配载Palletization 托盘化运输Containerization 集装箱化dunnage material 塑料Pilferage 偷盗Handling charges 装卸费用Insurance premium 保险费Dead weight 永久荷载Broken stowage 亏舱Shipping marks 唛头Carrying vessel 载货船只Origin of goods 商品原产地Consignee 收货人IATA 国际航空运输协会Sea-worthy 适合海洋运输的OBO（运载矿石、散装货和油料的轮船）Refrigerated ship 冷藏船Oil tanker 油轮Container vessel 集装箱货运船Roll On-Roll Off ship 滚装滚卸船LASH 载驳货船Tramp 不定期货船Voyage charter 航次租船合同Round voyage charter 往返程租合同Consecutive voyage charter 连续程租合同Affreightment 租船合同Shipper 发货人FIFO船方不负担装货和卸货费用Laytime 装卸货时间Despatch 速遣费Shipping note 船货清单Consignment note 承运人发货通知书Shipping and forwarding agents 货运代理Deviation surcharge 偏航附加费Shipped/On Board B/L 已运船提单Received for shipment B/L 已收货提单Straight B/L 记名提单Open/Bearer/Blank B/L不记名提单Endorsement 背书Order B/L 凭指示提单Direct B/L 直达提单Transhipment B/L 可转船提单Through B/L 联运提单Combined transport document CTD 联运单据Long Form B/L 详式提单Short Form B/L 简式提单On Deck B/L 甲板货提单Stale B/L 过期提单Groupage B/L and House B/L并装提单集合提单Ante-dated B/L 倒签的提单Advanced B/L 预签提单Freight Prepaid B/L 运费预付提单Freight at Destination B/L 运费到付提单Minimum B/L 最低运费提单Combined/Omnibus B/L 统括提单Partial shipment 分批装运Time of shipment 装运时间Advice of shipment 装船通知More or less clause 溢短装条款Air waybill 航空提单Master Air Waybill 航空公司中提单House Air Waybill 航空托运单General Cargo Rates 普通货运费率Specific Commodity Rate特定商品货运费率Classification Rates 分类货运费率Transport International Routier国际公路运输CFS(container freight station)集装箱货物集散站CY (container yard)集装箱货物堆场Detention charge 滞留费用LCL less than container load 零担货物Notary public 公证人Foreign exchange rate 外汇汇率Direct quotation 直接标价（间接）Floating exchange rate 浮动汇率Hedge 对冲买卖套头交易Offerer 发盘人offeree 受盘人Definite offer 实盘IN- 虚盘Sales literature 销售材料Inquiry 询盘counter-offer 还盘acceptance接盘Terms of transaction 交易条件Credit standing 资信状况Pro-forma invoice 形式发票Bid rate 投标Promissory notes 本票Money orders 汇票单Drawer 出票人Drawee 售票人Payer 付款人Payee 收款人Commercial draft 商业汇票Banker's draft 银行汇票Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Clean draft 光票汇票Documentary draft 跟单汇票Banker's demand draft 银行即期汇票Cash in advance 预付现金TT（telegraph transfer）电汇Beneficiary 受益人Issuing bank 开证行Advising bank 通知行Confirming bank 付款行Paying bank 付款行Accepting bank 承兑行Negotiating bank 议付行Remitting bank 汇款行Revocable L/C 可撤销信用证IRUCP 跟单信用证统一惯例Unconfirmed L/C 未保兑信用证Stamp duty 印花税Working capital 营运资本Face amount 面额Deferred payment 延期付款Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Back-to-back L/C 背对背信用证Revolving L/C 循环信用证Red clause L/C 红条信用证Standby L/C 备用信用证Exchange control 外汇管制Prime bank （资信一流的）大银行Charter party 租船合同Consular invoice 领事发票Insurance policy 保险单Bill of exchange 汇票Principal 委托人Creditor 债权人Payer 付款人debtor 债务人Collecting bank 托收行D/P sight 即期付款交单D/P After Sight 远期付款交单Customs clearance 通关Down payment 订金Open account 记账（结算）Willful default 故意违约The assured 被保险人Natural calamities 自然灾害Insurable interest 可保利益Material circumstance 重大情况FPA(free from particular average)平安险Particular average 单独海损General average 共同海损WA /WPA with particular average 水渍险All risks 一切险Underwriter 承保人Clean receipts 清洁收据Weight notes 重量单Business premises 经营场址Force majeure 不可抗力Chamber of commerce 商会OECD 经济合作与发展组织Balance of payments 国际收支Commercial consulate 商务领事Clear the customs 结关Preferential duties 优惠关税Certificate of health 健康证明Commercial invoice 商业发票Pro forma invoice 形式发票Packing list 装箱单Weight memo 重量单。
国贸专业英语
出口补贴 反倾销 保税区 保税仓库 出口加工区 最惠国待遇 国民待遇
Export subsidy Anti-dumping Bonded area Bonded warehouse Export processing zone Most-favored-nation treatment National treatment
bjfzxybasicwords?国际贸易?对外贸易?进口?出口?发达国家?发展中国家?最不发达国家?internationaltrade?foreigntrade?import?export?developedcountry?developingcountry?leastdevelopedcountryldcbasicwords?初级产品?工业制成品?资本?耐用消费品?工业革命?国际分工?专业化?primaryproducts?manufacturedgoods?capital?durableconsumergoods?industrialrevolution?internationaldivisionoflabor?specializationbasicwords?双边贸易?多边贸易?贸易差额?贸易顺差?贸易逆差?比较优势?要素禀赋?bilateraltrade?multilateraltrade?balanceoftrade?tradesurplus?tradedeficit?comparativeadvantage?factorendowmentbasicwords?垄断?拍卖?招标?参考价格?保护主义?贸易自由化?禁运?monopoly?auction?tender?referenceprice?protectionism?tradeliberalization?embargobasicwords?出口补贴?反倾销?保税区?保税仓库?出口加工区?最惠国待遇?国民待遇?exportsubsidy?antidumping?bondedarea?bondedwarehouse?exportprocessingzone?mostfavorednationtreatment?nationaltreatmentbasicwords?边境?海关?关税?非关税壁垒?配额?许可证?外汇?frontier?customs?tariffcustomsduty?nontariffbarrier?quota?license?foreignexchangebasicwords?世界贸易组织?关贸总协定?贸易谈判?可持续发展?公平竞争?市场准入?原产地规则?worldtradeorganizationwto?generalagreementontariffandtradegatt?tradenegotiation?sustainab
国贸班基础英语试题-推荐下载
08国际贸易班英语试题2008——2009学年注意：答案写在答题纸上，否则不得分。
一、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）(1)Of all the problems facing modern astronomers, perhaps the most fascinating is: “Can intelligent life exist elsewhere?” Since the earth is an unimportant planet moving round an unimportant star, it would be a pride on our part to suppose that we are the only intelligent beings in the universe. But to obtain proof is difficult.The main trouble is that our neighbor worlds, the bodies in the Solar System appear to be unsuitable for advanced life-forms. The Moon may be ruled out at once; it has hardly any atmosphere. Venus is little better; the surface temperature is extremely high and the atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. Mars with a very thin atmosphere and a severe shortage of water, may well support simple plant life but there seems no hope of finding animals, while the attractive Martians of the story-tellers have long since been given up.Of course this has not stopped the flow of bright ideas for communicating with the supposed people on Mars. In the early nineteenth century the great mathematician Gauss suggested planting tree-patterns in Siberia, so that the Martians would see them and reply suitably. Following up this idea, the Austrian scientist Karl Littrow proposed digging very wide ditches in the Sahara, triangular in pattern, and then filling them with petrol or some such substance so that, when lit, the ditches would present Martian observers with a "flaming triangle" which would show the existence here of intelligent minds. Even better were the plans of Charles Cros, a French writer of the eighteen- seventies, who wanted to build a large mirror to reflect the sun's rays and concentrate them on the surface of Mars, thereby making a vast burning- glass. By swinging the mirror around, Cros explained it would be practicable to write words in the Martian deserts simply by burning the sand. For many years he bombarded the French government with literature about this plan and was very disappointed when no official interest was shown.1.The opinion of the writer is thatA.there may be other intelligent beings in the universeB.there are other intelligent beings in the universeC.people living on the earth are almost certainly the only intelligent beings inthe universeD.people living on the earth are definitely the only intelligent beings in theuniverse2.There is unlikely any life on Venus becauseA.the surface temperature is too hotB.the weather is too coldC.it is severely short of waterD.it has a very thin atmosphere3.It seems that MarsA.may be inhabited by attractive MartiansB.may have some vegetable lifeC.can have no life at allD.may have both vegetable and animal life.4.Gauss wanted to establish contact with the Martians by ______A.planting trees in triangular shapeB.filling wide ditches with oilC.building a large mirrorD.making patterns with trees5.Charles Cros felt _______A.angry when the government paid little attention to his ideasB.pleased when the government did take notice of his planC.surprised that the officials were interested in his suggestionD.disappointed at the lack of interest shown in his plan(2)Most of us have an image of such a normal or standard English in pronunciation, and very commonly in Great Britain this is "Received Pronunciation", often associated with the public schools, Oxford, and the BBC. Indeed, a pronunciation within this range has great prestige throughout the world, and for English taught as a foreign language it is more usually the ideal than any other pronunciation. At the same time, it must be remembered that, so far as the English- speaking countries are concerned, this "Received Pronunciation" approaches the status of a "standard" almost only in England: educated Scots, Irishmen, Americans, Australians, and others have their own different images of a standard form of English.Even in England it is difficult to speak of a standard in pronunciation. Pronunciation is infinitely variable, so that even given the will to adopt a single pronunciation, it would be difficult to achieve. The word dance may be pronounced in a dozen ways even by people who do not think of themselves as dialect speakers: there is no sure way of any two people saying the same word with precisely the same sound. In this respect, pronunciation much more closely resembles handwriting than spelling. In spelling, there are absolute distinctions which can be learnt and imitated with complete precision: one can know at once whether a word is spelt in a "standard" way or not. But two persons' handwriting and pronunciation may both be perfectly intelligible, yet have obvious differences without our being able to say which is "better" or more "standard".6.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.English pronunciation, spelling and handwriting.B.The status of Received Pronunciation in the English-speaking countries.C.The difficulty of achieving a standard in English pronunciation.D.Variations in the pronunciation of the word "dance7.What can we learn about "Received Pronunciation" from the passage?A.It is a sub-standard form of the English language.B.It is an ideal form of English pronunciation in English-speaking countries.C.It is a standard form of English pronunciation among intellectuals everywherein the world.D.It is a somewhat standard form of English pronunciation in England.8.In what way is pronunciation more like handwriting than spelling according tothe passage?A.They can both be learnt with complete precision.B.They vary from individual to individual.C.Neither of them is essential to the acquisition of the English language.D.They can hardly be imitated.9.Why is it so difficult to achieve a single standard pronunciation even in England?A.Because most people do not go to public schools.B.Because there is a lot of controversy over the pronunciation of "dance".C.Because no two people can be said to pronounce words in exactly the sameway.D.Because dialect speakers do not want to change their pronunciation.10.What can be inferred from the passage?A.There is no such thing as a single standard English in pronunciation in theEnglish-speaking world.B.It is necessary for people to agree on a single English pronunciation in orderto avoid misunderstanding.C.The American model of pronunciation is gaining higher prestige in theEnglish-speaking countries.D.Received pronunciation will disappear soon.二、选择填空（每题1分，共20分）1.You will soon get used to ________ tea.A. drinkB. drinking2. We suggest _________ again.A.him to do itB. that he do it3. Please ________ us as soon as you arrive.A. contact withB.contact4.The workers ________ the bad working conditions.A. complained aboutB. complained5. The exam was so difficult that ________ students passed itA. fewB. a few6. Are you _________ in literature?A.interestingB. interested7. That moive is worth ________.A. to seeB.seeing8.John was born ________ a rich family.A. intoB. at9. ________ happens, don’t be afraid.A. AnythingB.Whatever10.We ________ go to the moives quite frequently.A. used toB. are used to11. Only hotel guests have the ________ of using the private beach.A. occasionB. possibilityC. privilegeD. habit12. The driver was driving the car at a high ________.A. quicknessB. accelerationC. rapidityD. speed13. Although he was neat and well-dressed, he was slightly unattractive in________.A. outlookB. appearanceC. lookD. expression14. Nobody can explain the ________of this commonly-used expression .A. beginningB. starting-pointC.causeD. origin15. We don’t like the story. It’s very ________ .A.irritableB. annoyingC. boringD.weary16. The ________ cat found on the street has become a member of my familyA. savageB. cruelC. fierceD.wild17. The music aroused an ________ feeling of homesickness in him.A. intenseB. intentionalC. intendingD. intended18. She felt ______ because of the cold grey weather and the after-effects of flu.A. depressedB. deprivedC. disgustedD.bored19. Your usual teacher ahs lost his voice and ________ I am taking his place today.A. besidesB. neverthelessC. howeverD. therefore20. Income tax rates are ______ to one’s annual income.A.relatedB. dependentC.associatedD. based三、判断正误，T为正确，F为错误（每题2分，共10分）Today, synthetic materials are so widely used that we can no longer say the world around us is completely natural. Engineers and manufacturers often prefer plastics to natural materials. Wherever we look, in planes, ships and trains as well as in houses, labs and factories, we see plastics. In fact, perhaps the only thing wse can’t do with plastics today is to eat them – and before long we shall not be very much surprised to find plastic food on our plates.(1). Today, synthetic materials are so widely used that world around us is completelyunnatural.(2). Engineers and manufacturers often prefer plastics to natural materials.(3). Plastics are not natural materials.(4). Wherever we look, we can see houses, labs and factories made of plastics.(5). Sometime in the future we shall be very much surprised to find plastic food onour plates.四、选词填空（每题1分，共10分）A. ramblingB.amateur C temporary D. vision E. costF. benefitG. frustratingH. environmentalI. scientificJ. shortage1.I am sorry for this ________ letter.2.The old scientist took a ________ approach to the problem.3.His excitement was ________ and he calmed down.4.The ________ of skilled workers is our main difficulty.5.John has a ________ of the future.6.He is an ________ in tennis.7.The bookstore keeper reduced the ________ of each book by 10%.8.The program has been endorsed by ten ________ groups.9.Learing is not always fun. It can usually be quite ________.10.These changes are to our ________.五、完成句子（每题1分，共10分）1. She wears a swimming cap ________ she goes swimming.2. He’d smoked 20 cigars ________ it was his turn to speak.3. They gave us the results ________ we’d been waitng for 2 hours.4. The survivors waited for 24 hours ________ they were rescued.5. I try to do plenty of revision ________ I take an exam.6. They waited in silence ________ the police had gone past.7. He took his coat and hat off ________ he came into the house.8. You shouldn’t have called to her ________ she was crossing the road.9. I haven’t laughed so much ________ Jim died.10. I stayed awake ________ the clock struck 12.六、短语翻译（每题1分，共10分）1. free port2. comparative advantage3. foreign trade4. transportation operations5. advertising media6. insurance company7. the accumulation of capital8. investment demand 9. the differentiation of the product 10. economic growth七、句子翻译（每题1分，共10分）1．他们已经通知我们谈判的结果。
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中国与东盟旅游服务贸易国际竞争力比较分析摘要中国—东盟自由贸易区的建立，极大地推动了中国和东盟各国经济的共同发展，尤其是双方服务贸易的发展。
本文在比较各种旅游服务贸易竞争力指数优劣势的基础上采用显性比较优势指数来对中国和东盟各国的旅游服务贸易国际竞争力进行了比较和分析，认为中国的旅游服务贸易国际竞争力处于比较劣势地位。
分析了中国与东盟国家旅游服务贸易竞争力的主要影响因素，即各国的法规结构、企业环境与基础设施以及人力、文化与自然资源三大因素，同时还对中国旅游服务贸易国际竞争力比较劣势的成因进行了分析，提出了相应的对策建议。
中国必须从各方面来大力改善国内的旅游环境，提高自身的国际竞争力。
【关键词】中国—东盟旅游服务贸易国际竞争力引言随着2007年1月14日中国东盟自由贸易区《服务贸易协议》正式签署与2010年1月1日中国－东盟自由贸易区正式建成，中国与东盟各国的贸易往来日益密切。
中国-东盟自贸区是一个拥有19亿人口、国内生产总值接近６万亿美元、贸易总额达4.5万亿美元、由11个国家组成的自由贸易区，是世界上人口最多的自由贸易区，也是发展中国家间最大的自贸区，拥有广阔的发展前景。
而作为当今世界发展最快，前景最广阔的新兴产业，旅游服务贸易在中国与东盟的贸易往来中占据着重要的地位。
中国东盟旅游服务贸易的的迅速发展对区域内各国国民经济的发展起到了积极的推动作用，因此对于中国东盟旅游服务贸易国际竞争力的比较分析具有重要的现实意义。
一、中国与东盟旅游服务贸易的发展现状国际旅游服务贸易是国际服务贸易的一个重要组成部分，是指一个国家或地区旅游从业人员运用可控制的旅游资源向其他国家或地区的旅游服务消费者提供旅游服务并获得报酬的活动 [1]。
随着世界经济的发展，世界旅游业不断增长，中国—东盟旅游服务产业也迅猛发展。
中国与东盟各国之间具有水陆相连的区位优势，按照国际旅游距离衰减规律，距离与旅游者的出游率成反比，中国与东盟各国之间水陆相连的区位优势为促进中国—东盟之间的旅游服务贸易奠定了重要的基础[2]。
2010年中国旅游业实现总收入1.57万亿元，增长21.8%；其中国内旅游收入1.26亿万元，增长23.5%，国际旅游收入0.31亿万元，增长15.5%；入境旅游人数达1.34亿人次，增长5.8%，出境旅游人数达0.57亿人次，增长20.4%。
其中在国外入境游客中接待新加坡游客100.3万人次，增长12.8%，接待泰国游客63.55万人次，增长17.3%，接待马来西亚游客124.52万人次，增长17.6%，接待菲律宾游客82.83万人次，增长10.6%，接待印度尼西亚游客57.34万人次，增长22.3%①。
而中国2010年赴东盟国家的旅游人数达542.6万人次，增长28.9%，占东盟外国入境旅游人数的7.3%②,是东盟旅游服务贸易最大的客源国，其中赴新加坡游客数量达117万人次，赴泰游客达112.78万人次。
①中华人民共和国国家统计局：中国统计年鉴-2011。
②ASEAN Secretariat，Tourist Arrivals in ASEAN 2010.目前中国已跃居全球第四大入境旅游接待国和亚洲第一大出境旅游客源国，中国虽是一个旅游大国，却不是一个旅游强国。
面对世界以及东盟各国旅游业的不断发展，中国旅游服务贸易发展的比较劣势日益明显，且处于逆差状态，因此对于中国东盟旅游服务贸易国际竞争力的比较分析有利于中国旅游服务业从中发现问题，从而解决问题，提高自身的国际竞争力。
二、中国与东盟旅游服务贸易国际竞争力分析（一）旅游服务贸易国际竞争力指数的选取关于各国旅游服务贸易的竞争力，可以用出口市场占有率指数，贸易竞争指数，显性比较优势指数来分析，除了这三个指数，还可以采用世界经济论坛（WEF）公布的世界各国旅游竞争力指数来对中国与东盟国家旅游竞争力的结构与影响因素进行分析。
1.出口市场占有率指数出口市场占有率指数是指一国出口总额占世界出口总额的比例，反映一国出口的整体竞争力或竞争地位的变化。
一国特定产业的出口总额与世界同类产业的出口总额的比值，可以反映一国某一产业的国际竞争力或国际地位。
但出口市场占有率只反映一国旅游贸易的规模和变化趋势，从总量的角度显示竞争力，并没有排除国家大小等因素[3]，因此所得结果缺乏说服力。
2.贸易竞争优势指数贸易竞争优势指数（Trade Competitive Index,简称TC指数）表示一国进出口贸易的差额占进出口总额的比重，用公式表示为：TC=（Xit-Mit）/（Xit+Mit）（1）在公式中，X、M分别表示出口额和进口额，i表示某一国家或某一产业、某一产品。
它是行业国际竞争力分析的一种有力工具，能够反映本国生产的一种产品相对世界市场上供应的他国同种产品来说是否具有竞争优势。
TC指数综合考虑了进口与出口两个因素，能够反映一国某一产业部门在国际市场竞争中是否具有竞争优势。
如果TC>0，表示该国该种产品的生产效率高于国际水平，具有贸易竞争优势，数值越大，优势越大。
反之，如果TC<0，则表示该国是该产品的净进口国，该种产品的生产效率低于国际水平，处于竞争劣势。
贸易竞争优势指数虽然克服了出口市场占有率的缺陷，但它是基于进出口贸易差额和总额分析的，当进出口基本相等而进出口的规模又都很大时，分析结果就会出现扭曲现象，因此不能够很好的阐明各国的国际竞争力。
3.显性比较优势指数显示性比较优势指数（Revealed Comparative Advantage Index,简称RCA指数）是指一个国家某种商品出口额占其出口总值的份额与世界出口总额中该类商品出口额所占份额的比率，用公式表示：RCAij =（Xij / Xtj）÷(XiW / XtW ) （2）其中，Xij表示国家j出口产品i的出口值,Xtj表示国家j的总出口值；XiW表示世界出口产品i的出口值，XtW表示世界总出口值。
RCA指数是衡量一国产品或产业的国际市场竞争力最具说服力的指标。
它旨在定量地描述一个国家内各个产业（产品组）相对出口的表现。
通过RCA指数可以判定一国的哪些产业更具出口竞争力，从而揭示一国在国际贸易中的比较优势。
RCA指数也有它的局限性，当一个产业的产业内贸易盛行时，以显示性比较优势指数所衡量的该经济体和产业的比较优势不具有客观性，更不能用来预测一个贸易发展的模式。
另外，RCA指数忽视了进口的作用。
但它克服了出口市场占有率指数和贸易竞争优势指数的局限，在经验分析中可以摆脱苛刻的各种理论假设的制约，因而较适合于现实的国际贸易结构分析。
4.世界各国旅游竞争力指数世界各国旅游竞争力指数是世界经济论坛于2007年首次公布，之后分别于2008、2009、2011年各公布一次。
该竞争力指数由法规结构，企业环境与基础设施，以及人力、文化与自然资源三大指数系统和14个子指标系统组成，涵盖了世界上139个国家和地区，其中包括硬指标和软指标两类，硬指标来源于国际、国家或地区的机构和非官方机构统计数据，软指标均来源于高级管理人员的问卷调查结果[4]。
所以用该指数来比较分析中国与东盟国家旅游服务贸易竞争力也具有一定的参考性。
综上，通过对各种指数的比较，决定采用显性比较优势指数来对中国与东盟国家的旅游服务贸易国际竞争力进行比较分析。
（二） 中国与东盟旅游服务贸易国际竞争力的显性比较优势指数分析显示性比较优势指数可以反映一个国家的服务贸易在世界服务贸易中的竞争地位。
如果RCA ﹥2.5，则表明该国服务具有极强的竞争力，如果1.25≦RCA ≦2.5，则表明该国服务具有较强的国际竞争力，如果0.8≦RCA ≦1.25，则表明该国服务具有中度的国际竞争力，如果RCA ﹤0.8，则表明该国服务竞争力弱。
用中国与东盟各国的旅游服务贸易进出口数据计算RCA 指数，结果如表1所示。
1．老挝和柬埔寨的旅游服务贸易竞争力最强由表1 中的数据显示，柬埔寨的旅游服务贸易竞争力在东盟国家中最强，老挝次之。
从2002至2010年，柬埔寨的RCA 指数除了2003年小于2.5之外，其他每年都大于2.5，最高是在2007年，达到3.8077,2008年 和2009年有所下滑，2010年较2009年又有所提升。
老挝的RCA 指数除了2003年和2006年小于2.5之外，其他每年也都大于2.5，其中2004年RCA 指数最高为3.3204，之后有所下滑，到2008年又有很大幅度的提升，之后又有所下滑。
总的来说，光从RCA 指数这一个方面来看，柬埔寨和老挝在东盟国家中的旅游服务贸易竞争力最强，造成这种现象的原因是柬埔寨和老挝的商品贸易不发达，出口也很少，其他商业出口和运输出口也均很少，所以柬埔寨和老挝的RCA 指数偏高。
表1 中国与东盟各国旅游服务贸易显性比较指数数据来源：根据世界银行WDI 数据库数据计算得出。
注：表中“—”表示本年该国没有数据。
2．泰国和马来西亚的旅游服务贸易竞争力较强由表1可知，泰国和马来西亚的旅游服务贸易竞争力较强。
从2002年到2010年，泰国的RCA 指数一直处于1.25与2.5之间，属于旅游服务贸易竞争力较强的国家之列，其在2007年达到最高值1.9010,2008年与2009年有所下降，2010年又有所回升。
2002年至2006年，马来西亚的RCA 指数一直处于0.8与1.25之间，表明该国旅游服务具有中度的国际竞争力，但其RCA 指数从2007年上升至1.4585开始，此后几年一直处于1.25与2.5之间，表明其旅游服务贸易的国际竞争力在中国东盟自由贸易区《服务贸易协议》正式签署以后有所提升。
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 中国 0.8147 0.5602 0.6244 0.5934 0.5792 0.5121 0.4824 0.4933 0.4911 文莱 0.3741 0.3706 0.4758 0.4344 0.4431 0.4579 0.3618 0.4846 — 柬埔寨 2.9355 2.4311 2.9258 3.5969 3.5853 3.8077 3.8050 3.4775 3.5187 印度尼西亚 1.2057 0.9336 0.9311 0.7951 0.7039 0.7468 0.9101 0.7034 0.7478 老挝 3.1587 2.4163 3.3204 2.9451 2.3970 2.6445 3.2417 2.8838 2.9272 马来西亚 1.0223 0.8328 0.9414 1.0040 1.1138 1.4585 1.3945 1.4261 1.3566 缅甸 0.6540 0.3436 0.4499 0.3276 0.2021 0.2478 0.1867 0.1649 0.1926 菲律宾 0.7303 0.6830 0.8232 0.9594 1.2566 1.5564 0.9020 0.9053 0.8510 新加坡 0.3559 0.2799 0.3175 0.3358 0.3666 0.3907 0.4177 0.3937 0.5170 泰国 1.7463 1.6177 1.6892 1.4603 1.8043 1.9010 1.8680 1.6565 1.7627 越南—0.86820.82640.97951.05061.14810.97510.7486—3.菲律宾的旅游服务贸易竞争力适中，其他国家较弱从表1可以看出，菲律宾具有中度的旅游服务贸易国际竞争力，而其他国家包括中国和较发达的新加坡，旅游服务贸易国际竞争力都较弱。