自考英语二--语法
全国英语二自考知识点总结
全国英语二自考知识点总结一、单元一：Unit 11.词汇知识首先学习了有关家庭和亲属关系的词汇。
根据不同的年龄和性别，家庭成员有爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈、姐姐、弟弟、儿子、女儿等。
亲属关系包括父母、子女、兄弟姐妹等。
2. 语法知识The use of the verb "to be"主要通过学习“be动词”的用法及其扩展，掌握了be动词的不同形式——am、is、are，以及其用法和基本句型。
英语中的复数形式了解了英语中名词的复数形式的构成规则，掌握了常见名词复数形式的变化规则。
3. 阅读技能通过描述和介绍家庭生活等内容的基础英语对话，学会了正确地理解阅读中的词语和句子，提高了阅读理解能力。
4. 写作技能掌握日常生活中描述家庭成员、自己爱好以及介绍自己的能力。
同时，学习了一般现在时的句子结构及常见问句的构成和用法，提高了日常生活中口语交际的能力。
5. 听力技能掌握了通过听力材料听懂日常生活中的一些简单对话，提高了日常生活中的交际能力。
二、单元二：Unit 21. 词汇知识学习了身体部位的名称，如head，shoulder，arm，hand，finger，leg，foot等。
2. 语法知识The use of the Simple Present Tense学习了一般现在时的基本构成和常见句型，提高了一般现在时的使用能力。
动词的否定句和疑问句掌握了动词的否定形式和疑问形式的基本构成和用法，提高了相关问句句型的灵活运用。
3. 阅读技能阅读理解内容主要涉及描述人体部位的基础知识，通过阅读加深了对这些知识的掌握和理解。
4. 写作技能学习了用英语如何正确描述自己的身体部位和健康状况，提高了描述自己和他人的能力，了解了一般现在时句型的使用。
5. 听力技能掌握了通过听力材料了解日常对话中关于身体部位和健康状况的内容，提高了日常交际和应对紧急情况的能力。
三、单元三：Unit 31. 词汇知识学习了有关学校生活的词汇，包括学校设施、课程安排、学习用品等。
自考英语二重点语法知识讲解
重点语法知识讲解1．动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态一览表时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动被动 do are done did were done will do will be done现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done现在完成进行时主动被动 have been doing1．1 现在完成时发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响.现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years, since 1995， in the past two decades1。
2 过去完成时过去的过去.1）said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。
He missed the train。
He said he had missed the train.2）hardly…when, no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作No sooner had he got up than he received the call.3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中If I had tried harder， I would have won。
I wish I had done better in the exam.1。
3 完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在,没有间断。
汉语提示语:一直The water has been running the whole night。
1.4 过去时过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。
自考英语(二)考试重点语法,课文重点讲义
虚拟语态、倒装句、主谓一致、介词、连词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)并列句、复合句(主从,宾从,表从,定从,状从,同位从)1. 简单句和并列句主谓, 主谓状 I study hard.情态动词+ 实意动词构成谓语. I shall go.主谓宾, 主谓介宾 I study English.I look at the blackboard.主系表 I am a student. The leaves turn red.主谓双宾 I give him a present.主谓宾宾补 I let you do it.I ask you to do it.定状语 A red book.Work hard.并列句 I worked and studied(x)I worked and he studied.2. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句I study English. I think (that)… I think that she is a good student.I made it clear that he objected to the plan.I asked whether/if he was a good student.I don’t know whether it is raining.I asked what he had studied. He gave me what I need.You are wrong in that you took effect for cause.(2) 主语从句That the sun moves around the earth is the truth.( it is the truth that..)Whether it is raining is not known.It is not known--computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A.whetherB. ifC. thatD. howIt goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society. Who will come to the meeting remains unknown.翻译题: In a sense, what he said amounts to threat.(3) 表语从句Your greatest fault is that you are careless.The problem is what we should do to help him.(4) 形容词补语从句We feel proud that our team has won every match this year.He wasn’t sure whether he should stay or leave.Are you certain who he is?(5) 同位语从句(fact, news, idea, opinion, concern, hope, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, report,order, question, problem, belief, truth, answer, statement, promise, possibility.)The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.(6) 状语从句时间状语从句When I studied, the bell rang.She was going upstairs when suddenly the light went out.He had no sooner died than/ he had hardly died when the family arguments began.地点状语从句He live where he liked.原因状语从句He was late because he missed the bus.Now that you mention it, I do remember.I’m in a slightly awkward posit ion, in that my secretary is on holiday at that moment.目的状语从句We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.Bring it closer so that I may see it better.结果状语从句He brought a big house so( that) he had more space to paint in.He made such a good speech that he won warm applause.翻译题:The brothers looks so alike that it is difficult to tell them each other条件状语从句If I make a promise, I keep it.I’ll lend you the money , as/so long as you take my advice.These messages will become rubbish unless some measures have been taken. 让步状语从句Although/ though he was Spanish, he spent most of his life in Germany. Whatever/ No matter what happens, you must be calm and quiet.However/no matter how loudly you shout, you won’t be heard.方式状语从句I have changed the plan as you suggested.As if ( as though)比较状语从句(重点)She is as tall as Tom( is) I arrived as early as you (did)Mary was older/more careful than Tom( was)Mary works harder /more carefully than Tom( does)Bill speaks French ----( badly) than he writes it.The –( far)away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes. further进(8) 定语从句在从句中成份+连词She is a beautiful girl. I like the girl who is beautiful.( who主语) This is the film that I see.This is the boy who (whom)(--) you met yesterday. (主语)Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working / (whom) I shall be working for.I read the book whose cover is red.You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.I never heard such stories as he told.This is the day when( on which) I joined the league.This is the house where( in which) I live./ This is the house I live in. 非限定性定语从句:He met Mary, who invited him to dinner.I gave the book to Tom, whom/ who I found after the meeting.Her doctor, whose office was newly decorated, started to charge higherfee.His latest play, which was well reviewed by the critics, has been a great success.I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.Prof. Emery, about whom everyone is taking these days.There are only four areas ____ very many diamonds have been found.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichWhere用在定语从句和状语从句的区别I’ll go to the place (where I live)I’ll go wherever work conditions are difficult.定语从句和同位语从句的区别The news (that our team had won)was known to all.This is the film that (I see).考题: Such people – you describe are rare nowadays.a. asb. thatc. whod.whichAnyone ---( want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT . [who want]Who wants Many of us visited the industrial exhibition,---,to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products.a. whereb. whichc. asd. that3. 并列复合句He said that he would give up smoking, but nobody believe it.I never saw a busier person than she seemed to be; yet it was difficult to say what he she did.重点语法——动词的时态和语态时态的呼应I thought the experiment was going on now.She said this apparatus would be available next week.Am/is/are/+ done. This room is cleaned every day.Was/were +done This room was cleaned yesterday.Will be+ done This room will be cleaned.Am/is/are being done This room is being cleaned at the moment. Was/were being done This room was being cleaned when I arrived. Have/has been done My car has been repaired.Had been done The room looks much better. It had been cleaned. No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the film began. Hardly….. whenSome people think that the relations between people have deteriorated-( deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened (happen) to her.非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式做主语 To see is to believe.What to do next has not been decideIt is not easy to remember all these words.表语 To know everything is to know nothing.定语 This is a book to be written.宾语 I want to study.He found it impossible to keep silent any longer.宾补 They warned me not to be late.I let you do it(make, have, see, watch, notice, look at, observe, smell, listen to, hear,perceive)状语 Yesterday he came to see me.独立成份 To be frank, she is not my girlfriend.形容词补语 I am glad to hear the news.不定式的逻辑主语 For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 不定式的时态和语态 to do(be) , to be+p.p.to have done, to have been done动名词主,表语 Seeing is believingTom’s going there won’t do any harm.My hobby is collecting stamps.定语 This is a swimming poor. ( a poor for swimming)This is a hiding place ( a place for hiding )宾语 I enjoy studying (mind, keep, appreciate, can’t help, consider, postpone,suggest,admit etc.)Do you mind my smoking here?介词+ 宾语I used to doing. (confess to, look forward to, object to doing sth.) be involve in, consist of, be fond of, etc.动名词的时态和语态基本形同分词的时态和语态分词状语 When I saw the film, I felt sad = Seeing the film, I felt sad. Because it is Sunday today, we have no school.It being Sunday, we have no school.When the job was finished, we went home straight away.The job finished, we went home straight away.定语 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.The used car. A broken cup the question involved.表语 The film is exciting. All the windows are broken.宾补 I found them watering flowers.( I found that they were watering flowers.I found the flowers watered. ( I found the flowers watered)分词的时态和语态.( 形同动名词)doing (being) being donehaving done having been done______nothing to say, the boy shield way form the crowd.A. HavingB. Have C Had. D. Having beingWhat developed was a music readily taking ( take) on various forms.Not having got (not get) enough hands, she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task.非谓语动词答题要点1. Anyone wanting (want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.2．A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted (convict)of murder.3. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used( use) in experiments may decrease.Not have got (not, get)enough hands she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task．It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control ( control) his direction.As I’ll be away for a year，I’d appreciate hearing (hear)from you now and then．Object to , confess to , look forward to + doing.介词+ doing.If I had remembered --- the window, the thief would not have got in.a. to closeb. closingc. to have closed. having closed. Begin, start, intend, continue to do, doing 的区别不大The baby began crying. The baby began to cry.Try to do. 努力去做 Try doing 尝试去做.I was very tired. I tired to keep my eyes open, but I couldn’t.I can’t find anywhere to live.______, they began to get down to business. A. The holidays being over B. The holidays are over C. The holidays were over D. The holidays had been overV+ing及从句的固定用法It’s no use doing sth.It’s no use worrying about it. There’s nothing you can do.It’s (not) worth doing sth.Have difficulty doing sth.Spend time (in) doing sth.There is no doubt that.强调句1. 强调主语 It is I that/who am to blame2. 强调直接宾语 It was a glass that Mary broke.3. 强调间接宾语 It was him that I gave the pen to.4. 强调介词宾语 It is this room that I am living in.5. 强调状语1) 时间状语 It was last year that Tom graduated from high school.2) 地点状语 It was under the bridge that we found him.3) 原因状语 It was for his arrogance that I dislike him.4) 目的状语 It was for pleasure that I read it.不仅可以是陈述句, 还可以是疑问句和感叹句.Was it you that/who lost a watch yesterday? What great progress it was that you made.强调句可以是一个从句, 被强调的部分也可以是从句.I was told that it was because he hadn’t received the invitation that he didn’t comeIt was there, the police believe,she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.A. thatB.untilC. whichD. when虚拟语气第一类型: 见词就填:A. (should ) do(should) beB. (should) be +过去分词第一类型虚拟语气 A第一类型虚拟语气 B见某些形容词要虚拟Urgent, necessary, important, possible, essential, incredible, natural, ridiculous, vital, imperative, crucial, critical, proper, compulsory, etc.形容词带的从句: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.主语从句: It is decided that the meeting (should) be postponed.宾语从句: He insisted that his daughter (should) come.表语从句: The doctor’s advice is that the patient (should) be kept quiet. 同位语从句: He gave order that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.考题: They demanded that the right to vote----(give) to every adult person. [(should) be given]For a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one, it requires that the child ____ psychologically ready for the new idea.A.isB.beC.wereD.would be第二类型: if 的非真实条件句( 可能性小或没有可能)注意: if 可以引导真实条件句,多是条件状语从句.第二类型虚拟语气 (时态到推的概念)第二类型虚拟语气举例省略if 的倒装were, had , should.If the doctor had been available, the child would have been saved.Had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.考题:_____for your help, I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions.A. Had it not beenB. not beenC. Without beingD. not having been 特殊虚拟?Even if 形式上与if 相同Wish形式上大体与if 从句相同从句谓语与Wish同时 Wish+主语+V.ed/wereI wish I were as young as you.从句谓语发生Wish之前多用Wish+主语+had done(been)I wish that he had not made so much trouble.从句谓语发生Wish之后用Wish+主语+would(could) + v.I wish you would stay with me far a whileI wish I could fly.It is (about. High..) time that + 从句 (V.ed)It is high time that we began to work.In case, lest, for fear that (should)+ V.The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he ---himself.A. injureB. had injured c. injured d. would injure.Would rather =had rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer 多加过去式表示尚未发生的动作.倒装句全部倒装 In came Jack. Now comes your turn.Among them were two girls.部分倒装Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain.No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.Not only did he win the championship in the race, but he also broke the world record.Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.Never, nowhere, no longer, little, feww, not…( not a single word) no. (at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, under/in no circumstances) Only here can you buy fresh eggs.主谓一致要点To become actresses is their ambition.Nodding often means you say” yes.”What I did was to give her a book. Neither she nor I am wet.Many a student doesn’t like having to do their homework.连词连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, which ever 连接副词 when, how, why, where, whenever, wherever并列连词 and, but, or, so , therefore, yet, however, nevertheless, for, hence, as well as, both..and, not only..but also, either..or, neither..nor, 从属连词 after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, although, though, if , even if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, in case, now that, so..that, such..that, as .as.When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, --- we should not play it.A. otherwiseB. insteadC. neverthelessD. either不定代词Any,one,none,nothing, neither, either, both, all, anyone, any one, some, any, much, manyAre you sure there are not--- sharks here? A.any B. some C. many D. much.Used to , be used to doingFrank lives alone,. He doesn’t mind this because has lived alone for 15years. So he is used to it. He is used to living alone.These days I usually stay in bed until late. But when I had a job, I used to get up early.词汇题常考动词搭配Come, carry, take, go,get,cut, make, put ,turn, bring.完型填空题型分析考察重点主谓一致,动词时态和语态,名词的数,代词,形容词副词的比较级,介词和连词.常用词语搭配.70%考连词,代词,介词以及承上启下的其他词和词组.方法: 先跳空通读全文,然后根据语法结构, 语义连贯,词与词的搭配填空, 最后在通读全文. 注意顾全大局.选的是最佳答案.词型填空题大部分为动词.阅读理解题型分析考察(1)词和短语的意义(2)句子表达的各个内容之间的关系(3)文章的主题思想和大意(4)文章或某句的内在含义及推理(5)文章作者的态度.答题方法:先看题—阅读的难点不是考试的重点，不要死扣一句，第一段和最后一段, 段首和段尾句，多数题目可以在文章中找到相应的段落,句子或短语.翻译题评分原则为：(1) 主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣1分。
自考英语二(课堂笔记_语法部分)
综合英语二（课堂笔记_语法部分）一、谓语动词It is + adj. + to do /for to do主语+ 系动词+ to doabout to dogoing to doI have nothing to do but read the novel.but——但是，可以＋不定式，前有“do”后无“to”抽象名词/chance/way/power/ability/opportunity/promise/capacity/occasionTo match up with others, we must study harder.We should study harder to catch up with others.句首有逗号，译为“为了”，句末无逗号，译为“以便”The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible.Only 25 percent of all diamonds mined are good enough for cutting into gems.Work together to control the amount of violent programs watched and the number of violent toys found in the home.First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved.1、动词不定式、现在分词、动名词、过去分词作表语的区别。
We are to study current science.He is to do the experiment in physics.不定式作表语表示将来的行为。
自考英语二语法知识点
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自考英语二课文语法讲解
如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生 了．
２．省略句
在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到 句首，变为倒装句式． If I were at school again, I would study harder.
与将来 相反的 假设
1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形
主语＋should, would might, could＋动词
原形
meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. MIforIe wpraecrtiece:to go abroad ,I would
New words
sink in
下陷；被吸收，被了解； Wood does not sink in water. 木头不会沉入水中。 It took a long time for the bad news to sink in. 人们花了很长时间才弄明白这个坏 消息。 It's a signal to them that'll sink in. 这对他们是个信号，这个信号是会起作用的。
Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
自考英语二知识点大纲
自考英语二知识点大纲一、词汇和短语（300词左右）1.常用的基础词汇和常见的短语：例如人称代词、不规则动词、介词短语、时间状语、方位词等。
2.专业词汇和短语：例如法律、经济、医学、环境保护、教育等领域常用的词汇和短语。
3.同义词和反义词：例如常用的同义词和反义词对，帮助理解英语文章中的词汇。
4.习语和俚语：例如常用的习语和俚语，帮助理解英语口语和非正式文章。
二、语法（400词左右）1.动词时态和语态：例如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、被动语态等。
2.名词和代词：例如可数名词和不可数名词的用法，名词所有格，反身代词，相互代词等。
3.形容词和副词：例如形容词的比较等级，副词的位置和用法。
4. 介词和介词短语：例如常用的介词，如in, on, at, by等的用法，介词短语在句子中的作用。
5. 并列连词和从属连词：例如常用的并列连词and, but, or等的用法，从属连词because, although, if等的用法。
三、阅读理解（300词左右）1.短文的主要内容：例如通过阅读文章，理解文章的中心思想和主题。
2.理解关键信息：例如通过阅读文章，理解重点信息或细节。
4.掌握上下文逻辑关系：例如通过阅读文章，理解上下文之间的逻辑关系，如因果关系，转折关系等。
四、写作（200词左右）1.书面表达：例如写一篇文章，描述一个地方、一个人、一个经历等。
2.书信写作：例如写一封信，邀请朋友参加活动、询问关于一些问题的信息等。
3.日记写作：例如写一篇日记，描述一天的活动、感受和思考。
4.故事写作：例如写一篇故事，包含起始、发展和结局。
五、听力（100词左右）。
00015英语二（自考）
00015英语二（自考）00015英语二重点语法（结合考题讲解）综合英语（二）常考的语法为：名词单数变复数，定语从句，虚拟语气，反意疑问句，非谓语动词，时态，名词性从句，形容词副词的比较级，主谓一致，倒装等等。
下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解。
名词1. 大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如：army ，audience ，class ，committee ，crew ( 全体船员，乘务员) ，crowd ，faculty ，family ，government ，group ，orchestra ，team ，union 等。
强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体时谓语动词用复数。
如：The government is paying close attention to economic development.The government are having a heated discussion on this matter.2.有些名词形式为复数，却用作单数，如:electronics( 电子学) ，mathematics( 数学) ，optics( 光学) ，politics ，statistics( 统计学), economics （经济学）, physics 等。
例如:Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.3. 名词作定语时，除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外，其它修饰词不能变成复数。
例如a woman teacher ---- two women teachersa man doctor ---- two men doctorsa girl student ---- five girl studentsa boy student ----six boy students4. 复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数。
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资料范本本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载自考英语二--语法地点：__________________时间：__________________说明：本资料适用于约定双方经过谈判，协商而共同承认，共同遵守的责任与义务，仅供参考，文档可直接下载或修改，不需要的部分可直接删除，使用时请详细阅读内容全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）主讲人：胥国红北京航空航天大学主要内容试卷分析和最新出题思路重点语法备考要诀及学习方法最新英语（二）试卷主观题统计数据考题满分平均分单词拼写10 2.48词形填空10 2.17汉译英15 5.53英译汉15 10.75总分50 20.93最新出题思路（1）与课文的关系往年与课文有关的大题：第一、第四、第五和第六大题近年与课文有关的大题：第四和第六大题建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇，特别留意课文中体现重点语法和经典句型的句子。
(2) 与课文无关的大题：第二、第三、第七大题。
文章选材：主要涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。
建议：广泛阅读此类题材的文章，最好是中英文对照版本。
推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《大学英语》，《英语学习》。
每道题的考点：第一题：词汇语法题主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常用句型。
近年来词汇题比重增加。
建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配。
历年试题举例：1. At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measuresto help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.[A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect Ａ2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over Ｂ3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a soundcomes.[A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which Ｂ第二题：完型填空题主要考点：除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法。
近年来词汇题比例有所增加。
建议：“上看下看，左看右看”，即充分利用上下文提供的信息答题。
历年试题举例：… Colter was excited, so he told 17 about the place. 18 , the other people did not believe him.[A] the other [B] others Ｂ[C] another [D] each other18. [A] Then [B] However Ｂ[C] Therefore [D] Consequently第三题：阅读理解题主要特点：文章体裁多为论述文，偶有记叙文，主要涉及文化、教育、风俗、历史、人物故事、社会问题、科普常识等内容，不涉及太专业的内容。
文章平均长度为300-350词/篇，总阅读量为1500-2000词。
问题以细节题为主，其次是总结题，偶尔有一两道词汇题和推理题。
题目的顺序和文章的顺序大体对应。
第四题：单词拼写题往年考题：多选用考纲词表中的常用词，包括中学词汇，平均词长为6个字母。
最新特点：最近一次考题中单词拼写几乎全部出自下册课文，以A课文为主, 单词长度显著增加，平均词长为9个字母，有5个单词词长超过10个字母，出现了两个超纲词，无一中学词汇。
最新考题举例36. accompany (1A) 37. boundary (2A)38. capture (14A) 39. decline (10A)40. employee (4A) 41. feasible (8A)42. heartbreaking (14A) 43. grateful44. increasingly (6A) 45. junction (15A)46. loyalty (10A) 47. moderate (8B)48. overwhelming (10A) 49. nominate (10B)50. participant (5A) 51. persistently (14A)52. queue (14A) 53. spontaneous (5A)54. reinforce (12B) 55. undertake (13A)第五题：词形填空题主要考点：谓语动词（时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致），非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词），形容词比较级，词性转换。
建议：掌握扎实的语法知识，通过大量做题来消化这些语法知识，力求做到举一反三，触类旁通。
历年试题举例1. Cancer research ___ (make) all over the world in the past twenty years. (has been made)2. The more stress you are under, the ___ (likely) you are to catcha cold. ( more likely)3. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms. (being)4. These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is ____ (specialize) in its function. (special)第六题：汉译英主要考点：全面考察词汇、语法和句型的运用能力，多考虚拟语气、比较级、疑问句、强调句和一些固定表达方式。
最新考题中有三道题直接出自下册课文。
阅卷要求：主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或重要用词错误扣1分；非基本语法错误（如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误）每两处扣1分；拼写错误每两处扣1分，本大题总扣分不超过3分。
最新试题举例68．一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。
选自下册第9单元A课文后Word Study中appreciation的一个例句。
主要考查定语从句和be qualified for 的用法。
69．随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。
选自下册第11单元A课文最后一段的第一句话。
主要考查as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。
70．那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。
根据下册第14单元A课文后的翻译练习中的第6题有所改动。
原话为“他相信某些植物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。
”第七题：英译汉主要特点：综合考查词汇和语法，注意定语从句、状语从句、比较级、倒装句的理解。
阅卷要求：根据总体印象打分，分为15-13分，12-10分，9-7分，6-4分，3-1分五个档次。
只要译文大体准确通顺即可得分，不要求译得非常漂亮。
结语知己知彼，百战不殆！II. 重点语法复习动词时态和语态非谓语动词虚拟语气定语从句和名词性从句1. 动词主要时态和语态表一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动: do didwill do被动: are done were donewill be done现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动: are doing were doingwill be doing被动: are being done were being done 现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动: have done had donewill have done被动: have been done had been done现在完成进行时主动: have been doing动词主要时态的意义及运用现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995 汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.现在完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。
汉语提示语：一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.过去完成时said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。
e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.2) hardly…when, no sooner… thane.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.3) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中e.g If I had tried harder, I would have won.I wish I had done better in the exam.历年考题中的动词时态和语态1.So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years. (has been lived)2.The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there. (had been sent)3.The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. (witnessed)2. 非谓语动词动词主要时态和语态一览表非谓语动词形式意义现在分词一般式doing主动, 正在进行被动式being done被动, 正在进行完成主动式having done主动, 已经完成完成被动式having been done 被动, 已经完成过去分词done被动, 已经完成动词不定式一般式to do主动,将要进行被动式to be done被动, 将要进行完成主动式to have done主动, 已经完成进行主动式to be doing 主动, 正在进行非谓语动词作状语•动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）•分词：1) 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. （时间）Being very tired, my father didn’t go out with us. （原因）Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件）非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语) After having done their homework, the children began to play. （连词+分词）After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （状语从句）With homework done, the children began to play. （独立结构）非谓语动词作定语If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made) Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing) The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)动名词和动词不定式作主语和表语动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。