英语语法之虚拟语态
虚拟语气的常见用法和形式
虚拟语气的常见用法和形式虚拟语气是用来表达非真实、未实现或假设情况的一种语法形式。
在中文和英语中都存在虚拟语气，但在两种语言中的使用方式和形式略有不同。
本文将介绍虚拟语气在英语中的常见用法和形式。
一、陈述虚拟语气1. 表达过去的虚拟虚拟语气的过去形式常用于表示与现实情况相反的假设或可能性，常用动词包括"be"、"have"、"were"等。
例如：- If I were you, I would apologize to her.- I wish I had studied harder for the exam.2. 表达现在的虚拟现在虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不确定的假设，常用动词包括"be"、"suggest"、"recommend"等。
例如：- It's about time she got a promotion.- I suggest that he be more careful next time.3. 表达将来的虚拟将来虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不可能实现的假设，常用动词包括"should"、"were to"等。
例如：- If I should win the lottery, I would buy a big house.- If it were to rain, the event would be canceled.二、命令虚拟语气当表示一种命令、建议或要求时，常使用虚拟语气来显得客气或委婉。
例如：- I suggest that you arrive on time for the meeting.- It's important that he be there for the ceremony.三、愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用于表达对过去、现在或将来的愿望、期望或希望。
虚拟语态的知识点总结
虚拟语态的知识点总结一、虚拟语态的用法1. 条件句中的虚拟语态虚拟语态常常出现在条件句中，表示对于一个假设或非真实情况的假设结果。
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly to the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我就可以飞到天空了。
）2. 表示愿望的虚拟语态虚拟语态还可以用来表示愿望，表示对于现在或过去不真实的愿望。
例如：I wish I could speak fluent English.（我希望自己能说一口流利的英语。
）3. 建议和要求的虚拟语态在表达建议和要求时，虚拟语态也经常被使用。
例如：I suggest that he should take a vacation.（我建议他应该去度假。
）4. 感情和态度的虚拟语态有时候，虚拟语态也用来表示说话人的情感和态度。
例如：I would be happy if he could come to my birthday party.（如果他能来我生日派对，我会很高兴的。
）二、虚拟语态的语法结构1. 主句中的虚拟语态在虚拟语态中，主句通常由助动词“would”、“could”、“should”、“might”等情态动词的过去式形式加上动词的原形来构成。
例如：If I were you, I would apologize to her.（如果我是你，我会向她道歉。
）2. 从句中的虚拟语态在从句中，虚拟语态通常使用“were”作为动词“to be”的过去式形式，不管主语是单数还是复数，第一人称还是第三人称都使用“were”。
例如：If he were here, he would help us.（如果他在这里，他会帮助我们。
）3. 虚拟语态的特殊形式在虚拟语态的使用中，有一些特殊的形式需要特别注意，例如“as if”和“as though”引导的从句中也要使用虚拟语态。
例如：He acts as if he were the king.（他行为就像他是国王一样。
虚拟语气的三种时态表格
虚拟语气的三种时态表格虚拟语气是表达虚拟条件、虚拟愿望、虚拟假设等意义的语气。
在英语中，虚拟语气主要有三种时态形式，包括过去时的虚拟语气、过去完成时的虚拟语气和将来时的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气的使用对语言的表达能力起着重要的作用，能够使语言更为丰富和精确。
本文将就虚拟语气的三种时态形式进行详细的讲解，希望能给读者带来一定的帮助。
一、过去时的虚拟语气1.过去时的虚拟语气用于表示与现在事实相反的假设和虚拟条件。
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly high in the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我就能飞到天空中）。
2.虚拟条件从句中动词be用were代替was，其他动词形式保持不变。
例如：If I were you, I would not do that.（如果我是你，我就不会那样做）。
3.过去时的虚拟语气还可用于表达对现在的愿望。
例如：I wishI were a millionaire.（我希望我是个百万富翁）。
4.过去时的虚拟语气还可用于表达对过去事实的否定。
例如：If she had tried harder, she would have passed the exam.（如果她努力一点，她就能通过考试）。
二、过去完成时的虚拟语气1.过去完成时的虚拟语气用于表示对过去情况的假设和虚拟条件。
例如：If I had known it, I would have helped you.（如果我知道了，我就会帮助你）。
2.过去完成时的虚拟语气常与if引导的条件从句连用，表示过去的假设情况。
例如：If you had asked me, I would have told you.（如果你问我，我就告诉你）。
3.过去完成时的虚拟语气还可用于表达对过去情况的遗憾或后悔。
例如：I wish I had studied harder when I was in school.（我希望我在学校时更努力地学习）。
虚拟语态知识点总结
虚拟语态知识点总结一、虚拟语态的基本概念虚拟语态是指用来表达一种虚拟的、非真实的情况或假设的语态。
它通常用于表达与现实相反的情况，或者表达一种假设、愿望、建议或命令等。
虚拟语态的使用需根据上下文进行判断，以便正确表达说话人的意图。
二、虚拟语态的时态和语气1. 虚拟语态的时态虚拟语态的时态通常为“should + 动词原形”，例如：- If I were you, I should go to see a doctor.（如果我是你，我会去看医生。
）2. 虚拟语态的语气虚拟语态的语气可以是虚拟式的、命令式的、建议式的或者主谓一致式的。
根据句子的具体情况，虚拟语态可以表达不同的情感和语气。
三、虚拟语态的使用规则1. 条件句中的虚拟语态当条件句表达与现实相反的假设时，常用虚拟语态。
虚拟语态的条件句通常由“if + 主语 + 动词过去式”构成，而主句则用“should + 动词原形”表示结果或建议。
例如：- If I were you, I should go to see a doctor.（如果我是你，我会去看医生。
）2. 建议句中的虚拟语态当表达建议或者愿望时，常常使用虚拟语态。
虚拟语态的建议句通常由“it isadvisable/suggested/recommended that + 主语 + should + 动词原形”构成。
例如：- It is suggested that he should stay at home and rest.（建议他呆在家休息。
）3. 命令句中的虚拟语态当表达命令或者要求时，也可以使用虚拟语态。
虚拟语态的命令句通常由“it is necessary/important/vital/essential/imperative that + 主语 + should + 动词原形”构成。
例如：- It is necessary that she should be there on time.（她必须准时到场。
初三英语虚拟语句知识点归纳
初三英语虚拟语句知识点归纳初三英语虚拟语句知识点归纳虚拟语句是一种特殊的动词形式，是各类英语考试的考试重点之一。
下面是店铺为大家整理的初三英语虚拟语句知识点归纳的相关内容，希望大家喜欢。
初三英语虚拟语句知识点归纳(一)虚拟语气:用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
初中阶段主要学习在条件句中的虚拟语气。
例句：① If I were rich, I would travel around the world.② If I won a million dollars, I would give it to charities.③ If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed.④ If I had known that earlier, I wouldn’t hav e done it.⑤ If he should go to Tsinghua University, he would make full use of his time.⑥ If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.虚拟语气误区:1.混合条件句的主从句时态不会灵活变化;2.省略if时，句子调整不正确;3.不会去找意思中的“应该”含义;4.陷在虚拟中出不来，把真实条件句当成虚拟条件句。
省略虚拟条件:1.省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即把从句中的were,should,had 等提到句首：Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。
Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要，我会去的。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
英语中的虚拟语态
虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。
虚拟语态详解
2. --- Do you think the thief entered through the garage door? --- No, if he had, I don’t believe ___ broken the living room window. A. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he has
If 的省略
如果条件从句中有were, had 或 should, 可以把 if 省略, 把这几个词放到主语之前, 构成主谓倒 装, 如:
If I were you, I would not do it. Were I you, … If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, … If I had time, I would go. Had I time, …
II. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
谓动 词形式
所指时间
从 句
were 型
主
句
现 过 将
在 去 来
had been 型 should be 型 或 were 型或 were to + be型
should/would/ could/might be型 should / would / might / could/ have been 型 should /would / could /might be型
5. It is necessary that the customs of all nations (should) be respected (respect). ___________________
英语虚拟语态
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气⒈用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
①虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.②虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.③大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
⒉除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。
一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题）⒊有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语语法之虚拟语态一、条件句中的虚拟语气1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not e here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。
如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
had等词置于句首。
如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about puters, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from .yygrammar.)。
(4)有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。
如：I would have e to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
(5)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。
②省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。
二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。
并且should 不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should e in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
(2)在so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。
如(from .yygrammar.)：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
2.让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。
如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should e here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
(2)在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：①may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。
如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should e. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
4.原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。
其虚拟语气的结构为：①should + 原形动词(指现在或将来)。
如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。
例如：I wish she were not married.我真希望她没结婚。
I wish the bus went to the university.我希望公共汽车能通到大学。
I wish I hadn’t wasted so much money.但愿我没浪费这么多钱。
注意，从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关。
比较：I wish I were rich.要是我现在有钱就好了。
I wish I had been rich.要是那时我有钱就好了。
I wished I were rich.当时我后悔自己没有钱。
I wished I had been rich.当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。
4.英语中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不例如：I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。
四、主语从句中的虚拟语气在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为：should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。
句型：(1)It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural...that...(2)It is a pity / a shame / no wonder...that...(3)It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /...that...(4)It worries me that...如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。
It is strange that he should not e. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。
It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。
It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。
五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, remendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。
其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+ 动词原形。
如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助(from .yygrammar.)。