英语专有名词翻译
专有名词的翻译
专有名词（proper names),主要包括人名, 地名,组织机构,作品名,商标品名,地名最主要的一种方 法。 • 直译或意译法：报纸,杂志,机关,团体等 含有明显意义的名称易用意译法。 • 半音半译法：既含有英文的音又含有中 文的意。
翻译的原则
英美主要报纸
• • • • • • •
Times 美 时代周刊 The Times 英 泰晤士报 The Daily Mail 每日邮报 The Daily Express 每日快报 New York Post 纽约邮报 New Weekly 新闻周刊 Reader’s Digest 读者文摘
半音半译译法
约定俗成（名字名称）
• 英美人姓名的汉译应尊重他们的传统习 俗，先名后姓。选字时应该用“洋名 ” 避免“汉化” • Eden艾登不译伊登 • Shelly 雪莱不译谢利
约定俗成（名字名称）
• 中国人姓名的英译一般应遵守先姓后名 的原则。 • 如：外交部长唐家璇译写为 • Tang Jiaxuan ,Minister of Foreign Affairs. • 已为国内外译者和学者所认可和接受的 译名，应尊重历史加以沿用。 • 如：孔子-Confucius； • 孙中山-Sun Yat-sen
• 名从主人：专有名词的音译和转写按照 专有名词指称对象所属国家或民族的读 音和写法。 • 约定俗成：使用范围较广的专有名词应 使用人民已经普遍接受的译名。 • 按实求名：根据专有名词指称对象的具 体内容来确定名称。
音译
• 在保持原发音的同时，具有某种含义， 与产品发生联系。 • 1.名从主人：Johnson 强生 • 2.标准读音：Portland 波特兰 ； Shakespeare 莎士比亚； Washington华盛顿；Nike耐克
英语专有名词翻译
全国人民代表大会 National People's Congress (NPC)主席团 Presidium常务委员会 Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution2、中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China3、中央军事委员会 Central Military Commission4、最高人民法院 Supreme People's Court5、最高人民检察院 Supreme People's Procuratorate6、国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁道部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People's Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾事物办公室Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office10、新闻出版 News media总编辑 Editor-in-chief高级编辑 Full Senior Editor主任编辑 Associate Senior Editor编辑 Editor助理编辑 Assistant Editor高级记者 Full Senior Reporter主任记者 Associate Senior Reporter记者 Reporter助理记者 Assistant Reporter编审 Professor of Editorship编辑 Editor助理编辑 Assistant Editor技术编辑 Technical Editor技术设计员 Technical Designer校对 Proofreader11、翻译 Translation译审 Professor of Translation翻译 Translator/Interpreter助理翻译 Assistant Translator/Interpreter 电台/电视台台长 Radio/TV Station Controller 播音指导 Director of Announcing主任播音员 Chief Announcer播音员 Announcer电视主持人 TV Presenter电台节目主持人 Disk Jockey12、工艺、美术、电影 Arts,crafts and movies导演 Director演员 Actor画师 Painter指挥 Conductor编导 Scenarist录音师 Sound Engineer舞蹈编剧 Choreographer美术师 Artist制片人 Producer剪辑导演 Montage Director配音演员 Dabber摄影师 Cameraman化装师 Make-up Artist出品：Presented by联合出品：Co-presented联合摄制：Co-produced出品人：Executive Producers总策划：Planning Directors总监制：Production Supervisors行政监制：Administrative Supervisor 制片人：Producers执行制片人：Associate Producer艺术总监：Art Supervisor领衔主演：Starring特别出演：Special Starring编剧：Screenwriter导演：Director最佳男/女配角：best supporting actor/actress最佳创作短片：best short film最佳美术设计：best art direction最佳剪辑：best film editing最佳音效：best sound effects最佳纪录片：best documentary最佳视觉效果：best visual effects最佳摄影：best cinematography最佳新演员：best new performer最佳改编剧本：best adapted screenplay最佳原著剧本：best original screenplay最佳原创电影音乐：best original film score最佳原创电影歌曲：best original film song最佳导演：best director最佳男主角：best leading actor最佳女主角：best leading actress最佳剧情片：best feature film。
专有名词的翻译
Sound and Fury: 《声音与愤怒》、 《喧哗 与骚动》
3. 文化内涵的传达
Bridges Of Madison County: 《麦迪逊县的 桥》、《廊桥遗梦》
中国意念词
上火 excessive internal heat 姻缘 prefixed fate of marriage 宣纸 rice paper 三纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son， husband guides wife
新闻周刊
每日电讯报 每日邮报
读者文摘
好管家
三、 商标的翻译
商标的翻译既要保留原文的精华，又要符 合消费者的商标心理。这就需要运用语 言，营销以及美学方面的综合知识。 在翻译的过程中可通过音译与意译相结合 的方法，注意选择音色与意义都与原文 较为贴近的字词以达到满意的效果。
NIKE：英文原意指希腊胜利女神。NIKE是 全球著名的体育用品品牌，中文译为耐克。 但若按音译为“奈姬”或是“娜基’’之 类，就会产生误解。 Sprite(饮料) ：音译 “斯必莱特”(拗口) 直译“妖精”(不吉利)，译成“雪碧”，用 意如出一辙。 Colgate：高露洁(牙膏)
英，美 主要报纸
Times The Times The Daily Mail The Daily Express The Daily Telegraph New York Post News Weekly 英 泰晤士报
美 时代周刊
纽约邮报
每日快报
Reader’s Digest Good Manager
凯迪拉克
Rolls-Royce劳斯莱斯
会计 专有名词 英语翻译
一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents1001现金Cash1002 银行存款Cash in bank1009 其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents'100901 外埠存款Other city Cash in bank'100902 银行本票Cashier's cheque'100903 银行汇票Bank draft'100904 信用卡Credit card'100905 信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits'100906 存出投资款Refundable deposits1101 短期投资Short-term investments'110101 股票Short-term investments - stock'110102 债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds'110103 基金Short-term investments - corporate funds'110110 其他Short-term investments - other1102 短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves应收款Account receivable1111 应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance1121 应收股利Dividend receivable1122 应收利息Interest receivable1131 应收账款Account receivable1133 其他应收款Other notes receivable1141 坏账准备Bad debt reserves1151 预付账款Advance money1161 应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories1201 物资采购Supplies purchasing1211 原材料Raw materials1221 包装物Wrappage1231 低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods1232 材料成本差异Materials cost variance1241 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods1243 库存商品Finished goods1244 商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price1251 委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced1261 委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis 1271 受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 1281 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves1291 分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages 1301 待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资Long-term investment1401 长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks'140101 股票投资Investment on stocks'140102 其他股权投资Other investment on stocks1402 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds'140201 债券投资Investment on bonds'140202 其他债权投资Other investment on bonds1421 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves1431 委托贷款Entrust loans'143101 本金Principal'143102 利息Interest'143103 减值准备Depreciation reserves1501 固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement1502 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation1505 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves1601 工程物资Project goods and material'160101 专用材料Special-purpose material'160102 专用设备Special-purpose equipment'160103 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment'160104 为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 1603 在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程Technical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project1605 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves1701 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets1801 无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill1805 无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves1815 未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income1901 长期待摊费用Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses1911 待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income191101待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income 191102待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability2101 短期借款Short-term borrowing2111 应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance2121 应付账款Account payable2131 预收账款Deposit received2141 代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue2151 应付工资Accrued wages2153 应付福利费Accrued welfarism2161 应付股利Dividends payable2171 应交税金Tax payable'217101 应交增值税value added tax payable'21710101 进项税额Withholdings on VAT'21710102 已交税金Paying tax'21710103 转出未交增值税Unpaid VAT changeover'21710104 减免税款Tax deduction'21710105 销项税额Substituted money on VAT'21710106 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export'21710107 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT'21710108 出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax '21710109 转出多交增值税Overpaid VAT changeover'21710110 未交增值税Unpaid VAT'217102 应交营业税Business tax payable'217103 应交消费税Consumption tax payable'217104 应交资源税Resources tax payable'217105 应交所得税Income tax payable'217106 应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable'217107 应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable '217108 应交房产税Housing property tax payable'217109 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable'217110 应交车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable '217111 应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable2176 其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying2181 其他应付款Other payables2191 预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities2201 待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value2211 预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities2301 长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year2311 应付债券Bonds payable'231101 债券面值Face value, Par value'231102 债券溢价Premium on bonds'231103 债券折价Discount on bonds'231104 应计利息Accrued interest2321 长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year2331 专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year2341 递延税款Deferral taxes三、所有者权益类OWNERS' EQUITY资本Capital3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock3103 已归还投资Investment Returned公积3111 资本公积Capital reserve'311101 资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium'311102 接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve'311103 股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves'311105 拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in'311106 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital'311107 其他资本公积Other capital reserve3121 盈余公积Surplus reserves'312101 法定盈余公积Legal surplus'312102 任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves'312103 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund'312104 储备基金Reserve fund'312105 企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund'312106 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment利润Profits3131 本年利润Current year profits3141 利润分配Profit distribution'314101 其他转入Other chengeover in'314102 提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus'314103 提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds'314104 提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund'314105 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion'314106 提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers' bonus and welfare fund'314107 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment'314108 应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable'314109 提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund'314110 应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable'314111 转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to assets(or stock) '314115 未分配利润Undistributed profit四、成本类Cost4101 生产成本Cost of manufacture'410101 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture'410102 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture4105 制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance油料费Vehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation4107 劳务成本Service costs五、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERATING INCOME5101 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue产品销售收入Sales revenue服务收入Service revenue5102 其他业务收入Other operating revenue材料销售Sales materials代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax其他收入Other revenue5201 投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 5203 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue5301 营业外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME非货币XXX收益Non-cash deal income现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit罚款净收入Net amercement income支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges5401 主营业务成本Operating costs产品销售成本Cost of goods sold服务成本Cost of service5402 主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value5405 其他业务支出Other business expense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge费用Expenses5501 营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees5502 管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax5503 财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost5601 营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure捐赠支出Donation outlay减值准备金Depreciation reserves非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay5701 所得税Income tax以前年度损益调整Prior year income adjustment现金Cash in hand银行存款Cash in bank其他货币资金-外埠存款Other monetary assets - cash in other cities其他货币资金-银行本票Other monetary assets - cashier‘s check其他货币资金-银行汇票Other monetary assets - bank draft其他货币资金-信用卡Other monetary assets - credit cards其他货币资金-信用证保证金Other monetary assets - L/C deposit其他货币资金-存出投资款Other monetary assets - cash for investment 短期投资-股票投资Investments - Short term - stocks短期投资-债券投资Investments - Short term - bonds短期投资-基金投资Investments - Short term - funds短期投资-其他投资Investments - Short term - others短期投资跌价准备Provision for short-term investment长期股权投资-股票投资Long term equity investment - stocks长期股权投资-其他股权投资Long term equity investment - others长期债券投资-债券投资Long term securities investemnt - bonds长期债券投资-其他债权投资Long term securities investment - others长期投资减值准备Provision for long-term investment应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividends receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收帐款Trade debtors坏帐准备- 应收帐款Provision for doubtful debts - trade debtors预付帐款Prepayment应收补贴款Allowance receivable其他应收款Other debtors坏帐准备- 其他应收款Provision for doubtful debts - other debtors其他流动资产Other current assets物资采购Purchase原材料Raw materials包装物Packing materials低值易耗品Low value consumbles材料成本差异Material cost difference自制半成品Self-manufactured goods库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Difference between purchase & sales of commodities委托加工物资Consigned processiong material委托代销商品Consignment-out受托代销商品Consignment-in分期收款发出商品Goods on instalment sales存货跌价准备Provision for obsolete stocks待摊费用Prepaid expenses待处理流动资产损益Unsettled G/L on current assets待处理固定资产损益Unsettled G/L on fixed assets委托贷款-本金Consignment loan - principle委托贷款-利息Consignment loan - interest委托贷款-减值准备Consignment loan - provision固定资产-房屋建筑物Fixed assets - Buildings固定资产-机器设备Fixed assets - Plant and machinery固定资产-电子设备、器具及家具Fixed assets - Electronic Equipment, furniture and fixtures 固定资产-运输设备Fixed assets - Automobiles累计折旧Accumulated depreciation固定资产减值准备Impairment of fixed assets工程物资-专用材料Project material - specific materials工程物资-专用设备Project material - specific equipment工程物资-预付大型设备款Project material - prepaid for equipment工程物资-为生产准备的工具及器具Project material - tools and facilities for production在建工程Construction in progress在建工程减值准备Impairment of construction in progress固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets无形资产-专利权Intangible assets - patent无形资产-非专利技术Intangible assets - industrial property and know-how 无形资产-商标权Intangible assets - trademark rights无形资产-土地使用权Intangible assets - land use rights无形资产-商誉Intangible assets - goodwill无形资产减值准备Impairment of intangible assets长期待摊费用Deferred assets未确认融资费用Unrecognized finance fees其他长期资产Other long term assets递延税款借项Deferred assets debits应付票据Notes payable应付帐款Trade creditors预收帐款Adanvances from customers代销商品款Consignment-in payables其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors应付股利Proposed dividends待转资产价值Donated assets预计负债Accrued liabilities应付短期债券Short-term debentures payable其他流动负债Other current liabilities预提费用Accrued expenses应付工资Payroll payable应付福利费Welfare payable短期借款-抵押借款Bank loans - Short term - pledged短期借款-信用借款Bank loans - Short term - credit短期借款-担保借款Bank loans - Short term - guaranteed一年内到期长期借款Long term loans due within one year一年内到期长期应付款Long term payable due within one year长期借款Bank loans - Long term应付债券-债券面值Bond payable - Par value应付债券-债券溢价Bond payable - Excess应付债券-债券折价Bond payable - Discount应付债券-应计利息Bond payable - Accrued interest长期应付款Long term payable专项应付款Specific payable其他长期负债Other long term liabilities应交税金-所得税Tax payable - income tax应交税金-增值税Tax payable - VAT应交税金-营业税Tax payable - business tax应交税金-消费税Tax payable - consumable tax应交税金-其他Tax payable - others递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit股本Share capital已归还投资Investment returned利润分配-其他转入Profit appropriation - other transfer in利润分配-提取法定盈余公积Profit appropriation - statutory surplus reserve利润分配-提取法定公益金Profit appropriation - statutory welfare reserve利润分配-提取储备基金Profit appropriation - reserve fund利润分配-提取企业发展基金Profit appropriation - enterprise development fund利润分配-提取职工奖励及福利基金Profit appropriation - staff bonus and welfare fund利润分配-利润归还投资Profit appropriation - return investment by profit利润分配-应付优先股股利Profit appropriation - preference shares dividends利润分配-提取任意盈余公积Profit appropriation - other surplus reserve利润分配-应付普通股股利Profit appropriation - ordinary shares dividends利润分配-转作股本的普通股股利Profit appropriation - ordinary shares dividends converted to shares 期初未分配利润Retained earnings, beginning of the year资本公积-股本溢价Capital surplus - share premium资本公积-接受捐赠非现金资产准备Capital surplus - donation reserve资本公积-接受现金捐赠Capital surplus - cash donation资本公积-股权投资准备Capital surplus - investment reserve资本公积-拨款转入Capital surplus - subsidiary资本公积-外币资本折算差额Capital surplus - foreign currency translation资本公积-其他Capital surplus - others盈余公积-法定盈余公积金Surplus reserve - statutory surplus reserve盈余公积-任意盈余公积金Surplus reserve - other surplus reserve盈余公积-法定公益金Surplus reserve - statutory welfare reserve盈余公积-储备基金Surplus reserve - reserve fund盈余公积-企业发展基金Surplus reserve - enterprise development fund盈余公积-利润归还投资Surplus reserve - return investment by investment主营业务收入Sales主营业务成本Cost of sales主营业务税金及附加Sales tax营业费用Operating expenses管理费用General and administrative expenses财务费用Financial expenses投资收益Investment income其他业务收入Other operating income营业外收入Non-operating income补贴收入Subsidy income其他业务支出Other operating expenses营业外支出Non-operating expenses所得税Income tax。
中国专有名词的翻译
中国专有名词的翻译中国专有名词的英语翻译1. 素质教育：Quality Education2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient3. 保险业：the insurance industry4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas9. 城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers11. 出口信贷：export credit12. 贷款质量：loan quality54. 社会治安情况：law-and-order situation 55. 民族国家：nation state56. “台独”："independence of Taiwan" 57. 台湾当局：Taiwan authorities58. 台湾同胞：Taiwan compatriots59. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 60. 西部大开发：Development of the West Regions61. 可持续性发展：sustainable development 62. 风险投资：risk investment63. 通货紧缩：deflation 64. 扩大内需：to expand domestic demand65. 计算机辅助教学：computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )66. 网络空间：cyberspace 67. 虚拟现实：virtual reality 68. 网民：netizen ( net citizen ) 69. 电脑犯罪：computer crime 70. 电子商务：the e-business71. 网上购物：shopping online 72. 应试教育：exam-oriented education73. 学生减负：to reduce study load 74. “厄尔尼诺”：（EL Nino）75. “拉尼娜”：（La Nina）76. “智商”：（IQ）77. “情商”：（EQ）78. “第三产业”：（third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises）79．“第四产业”：（quaternary/inFORMation industry）79. “军嫂”：（military spouse）80. “峰会”（香港译“极峰会议”）”：summit(conference)81. “克隆”：clone 82. “冰毒”：ice83. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach84. “传销”：multi level marketing85. “（计算机）2000年问题”：Y2K problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)86. “白皮书”：white paper(不是white cover book)87. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic(商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)；88. “白条”：IOU note（IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来）89. “巡回招聘”：milk round（一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈）。
专有名词翻译
大学英语四六级翻译之专有名词翻译1.元宵节：Lantern Festival2.刺绣：embroidery3.重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4.清明节：Tomb sweeping day5.剪纸：Paper Cutting6.书法：Calligraphy7.对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8.象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9.人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国：Warring States12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14.函授部：The Correspondence Department15.集体舞：Group Dance16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture21.附属学校：Affiliated school22.古装片：Costume Drama23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26.火锅：Hot Pot27.四人帮：Gang of Four28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34.针灸：Acupuncture35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37.偏旁：radical38.孟子：Mencius39.亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41.火药：gunpowder42.农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46.秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47.太极拳：Tai Chi48.独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49.天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50.小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51.红双喜：Double Happiness52.政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53.春卷：Spring Roll(s)54.莲藕：Lotus Root55.追星族：Star Struck56.故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57.相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58.下岗：Lay off/Laid off59.北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60.高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62.敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63.电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64.香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65.文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66.长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67.门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68.《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69.中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone北海公园Beihai Park天安门广场Tian'anmen Square毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall午门the Meridian Gate御花园Imperial Garden人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People民族文化宫the Cultural Palace for Nationalities北京工人体育馆Beijing Worker's Stadium•黄果树瀑布Huangguoshu Falls•龙门石窟Longmen Stone Cave•苏州园林Suzhou Gardens•庐山Lushan Mountain•天池Heaven Pool•大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda•石林Stone Forest•大运河Grand Canal•西湖West Lake•滇池Dianchi Lake•杜甫草堂Du Fu Cottage•都江堰Dujiang Dam•鼓浪屿Gulangyu Islet•观音阁Goddess of Mercy Pavilion•华清池Huaqing Hot Spring•昭君墓Zhaojun's Tomb•毛泽东故居Mao Zedong's former Residence •岳阳楼Yueyang Tower•武侯祠Temple of Marquis•漓江Lijiang River•寒山寺Hanshan Temple•黄鹤楼Yellow Crane Tower•天下第一关the First Pass Under Heaven•桂林山水Guilin Scenery with Hills and Waters•丝绸之路the Silk Road•河西走廊Hexi Corridor•三峡Three Gorges•佛教四大名山Four famous Buddhist Mountains •刺绣embroidery•剪纸paper cutting•书法calligraphy•对联(Spring Festival) couplets•象形文字Pictograms/Pictographic Characters •四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle•风水Fengshui/Geomantic Omen•亭/阁Pavilion/ Attic•儒家文化Confucian Culture•一国两制One Country, Two Systems•火锅Hot Pot•针灸Acupuncture•偏旁radical•火药gunpowder•农历Lunar Calendar•印/玺Seal/Stamp•京剧Beijing Opera/Peking Opera•秦腔Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera•太极拳Tai Chi•相声Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue•文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）"The Four Treasure of the Study""Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone•集体舞Group Dance•古装片Costume Drama•武打片Chinese Swordplay Movie•电视小品TV Sketch•铁饭碗Iron Bowl•红白喜事Weddings and Funerals•素质教育Essential-qualities-oriented Education•唐三彩Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty•门当户对Perfect Match/Exact Match•小吃摊Snack Bar/Snack Stand•中国特色的社会主义Socialist with Chinese characteristics•物质精神文明建设The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization•长江中下游地区The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze Rive •《诗经》The Book of Songs•《史记》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian•《西游记》The Journey to the West•《水浒传》The Outlaws of the Marsh•《红楼梦》The Dream of Red Mansion•《三国演义》Romance of The Three Kingdoms。
英语语法中的专业术语的翻译
感叹词 interjection 缩写 int.
代词pronoun 缩写pron.
名词 noun 缩写n.
☆普通名词 common noun (集体名词 collective noun/个体名词 individual noun
物质名词 material noun/ 抽象名词 abstract noun ) ☆专有名词 proper noun
☆可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun
关联词 connective
从句 clause
从属句 subordinate clause
并列句 coordinate clause
☆名词从句 nominal clause
主语从句 subject clause
宾语从句 objective clause
表语从句 predicative clause
同位语从句 oppositive clause
定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article
☆数词 numeral 缩写num.
基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral
连词 conjunction 缩写 conj.
☆并列连词 coordinating conjunction 从属连词 subordinating conjunction
☆定语从句 attributive clause
专有名词翻译
1、月份（month）一月January (Jan.) ；二月February(Feb.) ；三月March(Mar.)四月April(Apr.) ；五月May ；六月June(Jun.)七月July(Jul.) ；八月August(Aug.) ；九月September(Sept.) 十月October(Oct.) ；十一月November(Nov.) ；十二月December(Dec.)2、季节[Season]春天spring；夏天summer；秋天autumn; fall；冬天winter3. 星期[Week]星期日Sunday；星期一Monday；星期二Tuesday；星期三Wednesday 星期四Thursday；星期五Friday；星期六Saturday4、七大洲（Seven greatest continent）、四大洋（Four oceans）亚洲Asia；欧洲Europe；非洲Africa；北美洲North America；南美洲South America；大洋洲Oceania；南极洲Antarctica ；北极Arctic 太平洋Pacific；大西洋Atlantic；印度洋the Indian Ocean；北冰洋the Arctic Ocean5、数字（figure）1.one ；2.two ；3.three ；4.four ；5.five ；6.six ；7.seven ；8.eight ；9.nine ；10.ten ；11.eleven ；12.twelve ；13.thirteen ；20.twenty ；21.twenty-one ；30.thirty；31.thirty-one一百one hundred；一千one thousand；一万ten thousand；十万one hundred thousand；百万million；千万millions and millions；亿a hundred million；十亿one billion6、学科（subject）社会学sociology；历史学history；哲学Philosophy；逻辑学Logic；伦理学Ethics；美学Aesthetics；宗教学Science of Religion；经济学Economics；法学Law / Science of Law/ Legal Science；政治学Political Science；政治制度Political Institution；外交学Diplomacy；人口学Demography；人类学Anthropology；海洋科学Marine Sciences；教育学Education/ Education Science；心理学Psychology；文学Literature；管理学Management Science；数学Mathematics；声学Acoustics；光学Optics；化学Chemistry；天文学Astronomy；气象学Meteorology；地质学Geology；生物学Biology；生理学Physiology；生态学Ecology；医学Medicine；通用前缀：比较－comparative ；应用－applied；临床－clinic；后－post相关：广义general 狭义restricted/ special辩证法/辩证法的，辩证的dialectic悖论paradox 谬论fallacy边缘学科/交叉学科interdisciplinary 跨学科cross-disciplinary实地研究/现场研究field study 理论研究theoretical study文献研究literary study/research评论criticism方法论methodology女权主义feminism现代主义modernism 后现代主义post-modernism现实主义realism 唯物主义materialism 唯心主义idealism （有时为理想主义）内涵connotation(文化内蕴)/ intension 外延denotation（字面意义）/extension归纳induction 演绎deductionhumanism 人本主义，人文主义humanitarianism 人道主义，博爱主义relativism 相对主义(注意不等于物理学中的“相对论”！) 这学名词A theory that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.相对主义：认为真理的概念及道德价值不是绝对的而是相对于持有它们的人或集团的理论relativity 相对论（物理学名词）Encyclopedia 百科全书Renaissance 文艺复兴（时期的）。
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全国人民代表大会 National People's Congress (NPC)
主席团 Presidium
常务委员会 Standing Committee
办公厅General Office
秘书处Secretariat
代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee
提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee
民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee
法律委员会Law Committee
财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee
外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee
教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee
内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs
华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee
法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs
特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions
宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution
2、中华人民共和国主席 President of the People's Republic of China
3、中央军事委员会 Central Military Commission
4、最高人民法院 Supreme People's Court
5、最高人民检察院 Supreme People's Procuratorate
6、国务院State Council
(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council
外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
国防部Ministry of National Defence
国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission
国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission
教育部Ministry of Education
科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology
国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence
国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission
公安部Ministry of Public Security
国家安全部Ministry of State Security
监察部Ministry of Supervision
民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs
司法部Ministry of Justice
财政部Ministry of Finance
人事部Ministry of Personnel
劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security
国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources
建设部Ministry of Construction
铁道部Ministry of Railways
交通部Ministry of Communications
信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry
水利部Ministry of Water Resources
农业部Ministry of Agriculture
对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
文化部Ministry of Culture
卫生部Ministry of Public Health
国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission
中国人民银行People's Bank of China
国家审计署State Auditing Administration
(2)国务院办事机构Offices under the State Council
国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council
侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs
港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office
台湾事物办公室Taiwan Affairs Office
法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs
经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring
国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council
新闻办公室Information Office
10、新闻出版 News media
总编辑 Editor-in-chief
高级编辑 Full Senior Editor
主任编辑 Associate Senior Editor
编辑 Editor
助理编辑 Assistant Editor
高级记者 Full Senior Reporter
主任记者 Associate Senior Reporter
记者 Reporter
助理记者 Assistant Reporter
编审 Professor of Editorship
编辑 Editor
助理编辑 Assistant Editor
技术编辑 Technical Editor
技术设计员 Technical Designer
校对 Proofreader
11、翻译 Translation
译审 Professor of Translation
翻译 Translator/Interpreter
助理翻译 Assistant Translator/Interpreter 电台/电视台台长 Radio/TV Station Controller 播音指导 Director of Announcing
主任播音员 Chief Announcer
播音员 Announcer
电视主持人 TV Presenter
电台节目主持人 Disk Jockey
12、工艺、美术、电影 Arts,crafts and movies
导演 Director
演员 Actor
画师 Painter
指挥 Conductor
编导 Scenarist
录音师 Sound Engineer
舞蹈编剧 Choreographer
美术师 Artist
制片人 Producer
剪辑导演 Montage Director
配音演员 Dabber
摄影师 Cameraman
化装师 Make-up Artist
出品：Presented by
联合出品：Co-presented
联合摄制：Co-produced
出品人：Executive Producers
总策划：Planning Directors
总监制：Production Supervisors
行政监制：Administrative Supervisor 制片人：Producers
执行制片人：Associate Producer
艺术总监：Art Supervisor
领衔主演：Starring
特别出演：Special Starring
编剧：Screenwriter
导演：Director
最佳男/女配角：best supporting actor/actress
最佳创作短片：best short film
最佳美术设计：best art direction
最佳剪辑：best film editing
最佳音效：best sound effects
最佳纪录片：best documentary
最佳视觉效果：best visual effects
最佳摄影：best cinematography
最佳新演员：best new performer
最佳改编剧本：best adapted screenplay
最佳原著剧本：best original screenplay
最佳原创电影音乐：best original film score
最佳原创电影歌曲：best original film song
最佳导演：best director
最佳男主角：best leading actor
最佳女主角：best leading actress
最佳剧情片：best feature film。