物理化学概念与术语

物理化学概念与术语

BET公式BET formula

DLVO理论DLVO theory

HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method

pVT性质pVT property

ζ电势zeta potential

阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro'number

阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law

阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory

阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation

阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy

阿马格定律Amagat law

艾林方程Erying equation

爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence

爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation

安托万常数Antoine constant

安托万方程Antoine equation

盎萨格电导理论Onsager's theory of conductance

半电池half cell

半衰期half time period

饱和液体saturated liquids

饱和蒸气saturated vapor

饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption

饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure

爆炸界限explosion limits

比表面功specific surface work

比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function

比浓粘度reduced viscosity

标准电动势standard electromotive force

标准电极电势standard electrode potential

标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy

标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction

标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy

标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function

标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy

标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy

标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy

标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function

标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant

标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode

标准态standard state

标准熵standard entropy

标准压力standard pressure

标准状况standard condition

表观活化能apparent activation energy

表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight

表观迁移数apparent transference number

表面surfaces

表面过程控制surface process control

表面活性剂surfactants

表面吸附量surface excess

表面张力surface tension

表面质量作用定律surface mass action law

波义尔定律Boyle law

波义尔温度Boyle temperature

波义尔点Boyle point

玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant

玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution

玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula

玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem

玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics

泊Poise

不可逆过程irreversible process

不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change

布朗运动brownian movement

查理定律Charle's law

产率yield

敞开系统open system

超电势over potential

沉降sedimentation

沉降电势sedimentation potential

沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium

触变thixotropy

粗分散系统thick disperse system

催化剂catalyst

单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption

单分子反应unimolecular reaction

单链反应straight chain reactions

弹式量热计bomb calorimeter

道尔顿定律Dalton law

道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law

德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect

德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula

德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel's limiting equation

等焓过程isenthalpic process

等焓线isenthalpic line

等几率定理theorem of equal probability

等温等容位Helmholtz free energy

等温等压位Gibbs free energy

等温方程equation at constant temperature

低共熔点eutectic point

低共熔混合物eutectic mixture

低会溶点lower consolute point

低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric

第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind

第三定律熵third-law entropy

第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind

缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption

电池常数cell constant

电池电动势electromotive force of cells

电池反应cell reaction

电导conductance

电导率conductivity

电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential

电动现象electrokinetic phenomena

电功electric work

电化学electrochemistry

电化学极化electrochemical polarization

电极电势electrode potential

电极反应reactions on the electrode

电极种类type of electrodes

电解池electrolytic cell

电量计coulometer

电流效率current efficiency

电迁移electro migration

电迁移率electromobility

电渗electroosmosis

电渗析electrodialysis

电泳electrophoresis

丁达尔效应Dyndall effect

定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume

定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer

定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure

定压温度计constant pressure thermometer

定域子系统localized particle system

动力学方程kinetic equations

动力学控制kinetics control

独立子系统independent particle system

对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume

对比体积reduced volume

对比温度reduced temperature

对比压力reduced pressure

对称数symmetry number

对行反应reversible reactions

对应状态原理principle of corresponding state

多方过程polytropic process

多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction

二级相变second order phase change

法拉第常数faraday constant

法拉第定律Faraday's law

法扬思-帕尼思规则Fajans- Pancth's rule

反电动势back E.M.F.

反渗透reverse osmosis

反应分子数molecularity

反应级数reaction orders

反应进度extent of reaction

反应热heat of reaction

反应速率rate of reaction

反应速率常数constant of reaction rate

范德华常数van der Waals constant

范德华方程van der Waals equation

范德华力van der Waals force

范德华气体van der Waals gases

范特霍夫方程van't Hoff equation

范特霍夫规则van't Hoff rule

范特霍夫渗透压公式van't Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions

非体积功non-volume work

非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick's first law of diffusion

沸点boiling point

沸点升高elevation of boiling point

费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics

分布distribution

分布数distribution numbers

分解电压decomposition voltage

分配定律distribution law

分散系统disperse system

分散相dispersion phase

分体积partial volume

分体积定律partial volume law

分压partial pressure

分压定律partial pressure law

分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions

分子间力intermolecular force

分子蒸馏molecular distillation

封闭系统closed system

附加压力excess pressure

弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole

负吸附negative adsorption

复合反应composite reaction

盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law

盖斯定律Hess law

甘汞电极calomel electrode

感胶离子序lyotropic series

杠杆规则lever rule

高分子溶液macromolecular solution

高会溶点upper consolute point

隔离法the isolation method

格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer's law

隔离系统isolated system

根均方速率root-mean-square speed

功work

功函work content

共轭溶液conjugate solution

共沸温度azeotropic temperature

构型熵configurational entropy

孤立系统isolated system

固溶胶solid sol

固态混合物solid solution

固相线solid phase line

光反应photoreaction

光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry

光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry

光敏反应photosensitized reactions

光谱熵spectrum entropy

广度性质extensive property

广延量extensive quantity

广延性质extensive property

规定熵stipulated entropy

过饱和溶液oversaturated solution

过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor

过程process

过渡状态理论transition state theory

过冷水super-cooled water

过冷液体overcooled liquid

过热液体overheated liquid

亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function

亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion

亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy

亥氏函数Helmholtz function

焓enthalpy

亨利常数Henry constant

亨利定律Henry law

恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture

恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume

恒容热heat at constant volume

恒外压constant external pressure

恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure

恒压热heat at constant pressure

化学动力学chemical kinetics

化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction

化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction

化学亲合势chemical affinity

化学热力学chemical thermodynamics

化学势chemical potential

化学势判据chemical potential criterion

化学吸附chemisorptions

环境environment

环境熵变entropy change in environment

挥发度volatility

混合熵entropy of mixing

混合物mixture

活度activity

活化控制activation control

活化络合物理论activated complex theory

活化能activation energy

霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart

基态能级energy level at ground state

基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula

基元反应elementary reactions

积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution

吉布斯－杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation

吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation

吉布斯函数Gibbs function

吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion

吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula

吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy

吉氏函数Gibbs function

极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves

极化作用polarization

极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity

几率因子steric factor

计量式stoichiometric equation

计量系数stoichiometric coefficient

价数规则rule of valence

简并度degeneracy

键焓bond enthalpy

胶冻broth jelly

胶核colloidal nucleus

胶凝作用demulsification

胶束micelle

胶体colloid

胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid

胶体化学collochemistry

胶体粒子colloidal particles

胶团micelle

焦耳Joule

焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment

焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient

焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect

焦耳定律Joule's law

接触电势contact potential

接触角contact angle

节流过程throttling process

节流膨胀throttling expansion

节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line

结晶热heat of crystallization

解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption 界面interfaces

界面张力surface tension

浸湿immersion wetting

浸湿功immersion wetting work

精馏rectify

聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte

聚沉coagulation

聚沉值coagulation value

绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy

绝对温标absolute temperature scale

绝热过程adiabatic process

绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter

绝热指数adiabatic index

卡诺定理Carnot theorem

卡诺循环Carnot cycle

开尔文公式Kelvin formula

柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law

科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch's Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte

可逆电池reversible cell

可逆过程reversible process

可逆过程方程reversible process equation

可逆体积功reversible volume work

可逆相变reversible phase change

克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation

克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality

克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation

控制步骤control step

库仑计coulometer

扩散控制diffusion controlled

拉普拉斯方程Laplace's equation

拉乌尔定律Raoult law

兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism

兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula

雷利公式Rayleigh equation

冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration

冷却曲线cooling curve

离解热heat of dissociation

离解压力dissociation pressure

离域子系统non-localized particle systems

离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion

离子的电迁移率mobility of ions

离子的迁移数transport number of ions

离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions

离子氛ionic atmosphere

离子强度ionic strength

理想混合物perfect mixture

理想气体ideal gas

理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases

理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas

理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions

理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas

理想溶液ideal solutions

理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution

理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture

粒子particles

粒子的配分函数partition function of particles

连串反应consecutive reactions

链的传递物chain carrier

链反应chain reactions

量热熵calorimetric entropy

量子统计quantum statistics

量子效率quantum yield

临界参数critical parameter

临界常数critical constant

临界点critical point

临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration

临界摩尔体积critical molar volume

临界温度critical temperature

临界压力critical pressure

临界状态critical state

零级反应zero order reaction

流动电势streaming potential

流动功flow work

笼罩效应cage effect

路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point

露点线dew point line

麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations

麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds

麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy

毛细管凝结condensation in capillary

毛细现象capillary phenomena

米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant

摩尔电导率molar conductivity

摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy

摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing

摩尔气体常数molar gas constant

摩尔热容molar heat capacity

摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy

摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy

内扩散控制internal diffusions control

内能internal energy

内压力internal pressure

能级energy levels

能级分布energy level distribution

能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy

能斯特方程Nernst equation

能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem

凝固点freezing point

凝固点降低lowering of freezing point

凝固点曲线freezing point curve

凝胶gelatin

凝聚态condensed state

凝聚相condensed phase

浓差超电势concentration over-potential

浓差极化concentration polarization

浓差电池concentration cells

帕斯卡pascal

泡点bubble point

泡点线bubble point line

配分函数partition function

配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state

碰撞截面collision cross section

碰撞数the number of collisions

偏摩尔量partial mole quantities

平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases

平动配分函数partition function of translation

平衡分布equilibrium distribution

平衡态equilibrium state

平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation

平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram

平均活度mean activity

平均活度系统mean activity coefficient

平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity

平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity

平均自由程mean free path

平行反应parallel reactions

破乳demulsification

铺展spreading

普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation

其它功the other work

气化热heat of vaporization

气溶胶aerosol

气体常数gas constant

气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases

气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases

气溶胶aerosol

气相线vapor line

迁移数transport number

潜热latent heat

强度量intensive quantity

强度性质intensive property

亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol

氢电极hydrogen electrodes

区域熔化zone melting

热heat

热爆炸heat explosion

热泵heat pump

热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat

热函heat content

热化学thermochemistry

热化学方程thermochemical equation

热机heat engine

热机效率efficiency of heat engine

热力学thermodynamics

热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics

热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics

热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics

热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率thermodynamic probability

热力学能thermodynamic energy

热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function

热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature

热力学温度thermodynamic temperature

热熵thermal entropy

热效应heat effect

熔点曲线melting point curve

熔化热heat of fusion

溶胶colloidal sol

溶解焓dissolution enthalpy

溶液solution

溶胀swelling

乳化剂emulsifier

乳状液emulsion

润湿wetting

润湿角wetting angle

萨克尔－泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation

三相点triple point

三相平衡线triple-phase line

熵entropy

熵判据entropy criterion

熵增原理principle of entropy increase

渗透压osmotic pressure

渗析法dialytic process

生成反应formation reaction

升华热heat of sublimation

实际气体real gas

舒尔采－哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule

松驰力relaxation force

松驰时间time of relaxation

速度常数reaction rate constant

速率方程rate equations

速率控制步骤rate determining step

塔费尔公式Tafel equation

态－态反应state-state reactions

唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium

淌度mobility

特鲁顿规则Trouton rule

特性粘度intrinsic viscosity

体积功volume work

统计权重statistical weight

统计热力学statistic thermodynamics

统计熵statistic entropy

途径path

途径函数path function

外扩散控制external diffusion control

完美晶体perfect crystalline

完全气体perfect gas

微观状态microstate

微态microstate

韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery

维恩效应Wien effect

维里方程virial equation

维里系数virial coefficient

稳流过程steady flow process

稳态近似法stationary state approximation

无热溶液athermal solution

无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学Physical Chemistry

物理吸附physisorptions

吸附adsorption

吸附等量线adsorption isostere

吸附等温线adsorption isotherm

吸附等压线adsorption isobar

吸附剂adsorbent

吸附量extent of adsorption

吸附热heat of adsorption

吸附质adsorbate

析出电势evolution or deposition potential

析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state

稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions

稀释焓dilution enthalpy

系统system

系统点system point

系统的环境environment of system

相phase

相变phase change

相变焓enthalpy of phase change

相变化phase change

相变热heat of phase change

相点phase point

相对挥发度relative volatility

相对粘度relative viscosity

相律phase rule

相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium

相图phase diagram

相倚子系统system of dependent particles

悬浮液suspension

循环过程cyclic process

压力商pressure quotient

压缩因子compressibility factor

压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor

亚稳状态metastable state

盐桥salt bridge

盐析salting out

阳极anode

杨氏方程Young's equation

液体接界电势liquid junction potential

液相线liquid phase lines

一级反应first order reaction

一级相变first order phase change

依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions

逸度fugacity

逸度系数coefficient of fugacity

阴极cathode

荧光fluorescence

永动机perpetual motion machine

永久气体Permanent gas

有效能available energy

原电池primary cell

原盐效应salt effect

增比粘度specific viscosity

憎液溶胶lyophobic sol

沾湿adhesional wetting

沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting

折射率index of refraction

真溶液true solution

真实电解质real electrolyte

真实气体real gas

真实迁移数true transference number

振动配分函数partition function of vibration

振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure

正常沸点normal point

正吸附positive adsorption

支链反应branched chain reactions

直链反应straight chain reactions

指前因子pre-exponential factor

质量作用定律mass action law

制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration

中和热heat of neutralization

轴功shaft work

转动配分函数partition function of rotation

转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率convert ratio

转化温度conversion temperature

状态state

状态方程state equation

状态分布state distribution

状态函数state function

准静态过程quasi-static process

准一级反应pseudo first order reaction

自动催化作用auto-catalysis

自发过程spontaneous process

自由度degree of freedom

自由度数number of degree of freedom

自由焓free enthalpy

自由能free energy

自由膨胀free expansion

组分数component number

最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point

最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point

最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature

最可几分布most probable distribution

最可几速率most propable speed