会计硕士联考英语二模拟题及答案2018年

合集下载

考研2018英语(二)真题及答案

2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)①Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?②Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.③The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.①In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an eﬀrt to satisfy curiosity.②For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.③The twist?④Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.①Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electriﬁd;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electriﬁd.②7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.③Subsequent experiments reproduced this eﬀct with other stimuli,9the sound ofﬁgernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.①The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.②Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can12new scientiﬁadvances,for instance—but sometimes such13can backﬁe.③The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.①Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.②In aﬁal experiment,participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17 to see such an image.③These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.④“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative eﬀcts of curiosity,”Hsee says.⑤In other words,don’t read online comments.1.[A]ignore[B]protect[C]resolve[D]discuss2.[A]seek[B]refuse[C]wait[D]regret3.[A]rise[B]hurt[C]last[D]mislead4.[A]expose[B]alert[C]tie[D]treat5.[A]concept[B]message[C]review[D]trial6.[A]deliver[B]remove[C]weaken[D]interrupt7.[A]Unless[B]When[C]If[D]Though8.[A]change[B]continue[C]happen[D]disappear9.[A]owing to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D]such as10.[A]disagree[B]discover[C]forgive[D]forget11.[A]food[B]pay[C]marriage[D]schooling12.[A]begin with[B]lead to[C]rest on[D]learn from13.[A]diligence[B]withdrawal[C]persistence[D]inquiry14.[A]self-deceptive[B]self-reliant[C]self-destructive[D]self-evident15.[A]trace[B]deﬁe[C]resist[D]replace16.[A]conceal[B]overlook[C]predict[D]design17.[A]pretend[B]remember[C]promise[D]choose18.[A]outcome[B]relief[C]plan[D]duty19.[A]where[B]why[C]whether[D]how20.[A]limitations[B]consequences[C]investments[D]strategiesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1①It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his eﬀrts to give his studentsa better future.①Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?①As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.②Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.③They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.①But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.②Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.③Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.①On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.②Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.③The job security that the US economy once oﬀred to high school graduates has largely evaporated.④More education is the new principle.⑤We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.①But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.②Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.③But even now,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.④But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.①In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once deﬁed America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.②There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.③Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying toﬁl that gap.①Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.②When education becomes one-size-ﬁs-all,it risks overlookinga nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of______.[A]practical ability[B]academic training[C]pioneering spirit[D]mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.[A]have a stereotyped mind[B]have no career motivation[C]are not academically successful[D]areﬁancially disadvantaged23.We can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates______.[A]used to have bigﬁancial concerns[B]used to have more job opportunities[C]are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D]are entitled to more educational privileges24.The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all______.[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A]supportive[B]tolerant[C]disappointed[D]cautiousText2①While fossil fuels—coal,oil,gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.②The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.①Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.②But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.③The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.②In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.③While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.④In March,for theﬁst time,wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.①President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.②In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.③But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot theﬁlds and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.①The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provideda quick put-down for skeptics.②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep powerﬂwing around the clock more likely.①The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.②Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.①While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.③What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less ata time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Para.2)is closest in meaning to______.[A]rising[B]falling[C]changing[D]stabilizing27.According to Paragraph3,the use of renewable energy in America_____.[A]is as extensive as in Europe[B]is progressing notably[C]has proved to be impractical[D]faces many challenges28.It can be learned that in Iowa,____.[A]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[B]there is a shortage of clean energy supply[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy[D]wind is a widely used energy source29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain diﬃult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A]is not really encouraged by the US government[B]is not competitive enough with regard to its cost[C]will bring the US closer to other countries[D]will accelerate global environmental changeText3①The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service,which doesn’t have any physical product at all.②What WhatsApp oﬀred Facebook was an intricate andﬁely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.①Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.②Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.③What political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?④It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.①Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.②For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.③By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.④But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.⑤Competition law as presently interpreted deals withﬁancial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.⑥The users of their services are not their customers.⑦That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.①The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the beneﬁof the digital giants.②Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.③It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both sides beneﬁ.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.[A]digital products[B]quality service[C]physical assets[D]user information32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may______.[A]pose a risk to Facebook users[B]mislead the European commission[C]worsen political disputes[D]mess up customer records33.According to the author,competition law______.[A]should serve the new market powers[B]may worsen the economic imbalance[C]cannot keep pace with the changing market[D]should not provide just one legal solutionpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______.[A]they are notﬁancially reliable[B]they are not deﬁed as customers[C]the services are generally digital[D]the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate______.[A]a typical competition pattern among digital giants[B]a win-win business model between digital giants[C]the beneﬁs provided for digital giants’customers[D]the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated toa specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.②Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.①Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.②“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.③Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,”he writes.①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.②Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail, day by day.①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most eﬀctive when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineﬀctive,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.①In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”①“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.①Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more eﬃient.①“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,”says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.[A]list your immediate tasks[B]make speciﬁdaily plans[C]keep to your focus time[D]seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that____.[A]daily schedules are indispensable to studying[B]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[C]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected[D]distractions may actually increase eﬃiency38.According to Newport,idleness is____.[A]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.[B]an eﬀctive way to save time and energy[C]a major contributor to physical health[D]a desirable mental state for busy people39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused______.[A]can result in psychological well-being[B]can bring about greater eﬃiency[C]is aimed at better balance in work[D]is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about______.[A]the key to eliminating distractions[B]the cause of the lack of focus time[C]ways to relieve the tension of busy life[D]approaches to getting more done in less timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Skip the small talkD.Ask for an opinionE.Find the“me too”s,places,thingsG.Pay a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.___________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—theﬁst word—but it just won’t come out,it feels like it is stuck somewhere.I know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get thatﬁst word out everything else will justﬂw.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________________It’s a problem all of us face;you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and“what’s going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for theﬁst time,make an eﬀrt toﬁd the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’llﬁd all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens.When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation where youﬁst met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn’t that awkward!So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to,the places they want to go,the things they like,the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to scienceﬁtion novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from scienceﬁtion and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least50nonﬁtion books a year.Gates chooses nonﬁtion titles because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation,and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2018年英语（二）试题参考答案Section I Use of English1.C.resolve2.A.seek3.B.hurt4.A.expose5.D.trial6.A.deliver7.B.When8.C.happen9.D.such as10.B.discover11.A.food12.B.lead to13.D.inquiry14. C. self-destructive15.C.resist16.C.predict17.D.choose18.A.outcome19.C.whether20. B. consequencesSectionⅡReading Comprehension Part AText121.A.practical ability22.C.are not academically successfuled to have more job opportunities24.D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.A.supportiveText226.B.falling27.B.is progressing notably28.D.wind is a widely used energy source29.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.30.A.is not really encouraged by the US governmentText3er information32.A.pose a risk to Facebook users33.C.cannot keep pace with the changing market34.B.they are not deﬁed as customers35.D.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText436.C.keep to your focus time37.C.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38.A.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39.B.can bring about greater eﬃiency40.D.approaches to getting more done in less timePart B41.A.Just say it42.C.Skip the small talk43.E.Find the“me too”s44.B.Be present,places,thingsSectionⅢTranslation46.一个五年级学生拿到一份家庭作业，要求从一份职业列表中选择将来的职业道路。

(完整版)2018考研英语二模拟试卷2及答案

英语（二）模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data.The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America.The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week.Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 .The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y.The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years.There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate.1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise10. [A] despite [B] given [C] although [D] hence11. [A] unveiled [B] discovered [C] exposed [D] revealed12. [A] violated [B] assaulted [C] resisted [D] betrayed13. [A] informed [B] entrust [C] imparted [D] confided14. [A] available [B] retrievable [C] reversible [D] inaccessible15. [A] constitute [B] correspond [C] confirm [D] conceive16. [A] involves [B] strikes [C] embarrasses [D] attacks17. [A] turn down [B] cut down [C] play down [D] bring down18. [A] overshadowing [B] overlooking [C] overtaking [D] overthrowing19. [A] expert [B] external [C] formal [D] automatic20. [A] and [B] but [C] thus [D] despiteSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections :Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)Text 1Most American movies are produced in Hollywood, California. Hollywood, which is actually not a separate city but a part of Los Angeles, is an ideal spot for the movie industry. The sun shines most of the time, and the climate is mild. Almost every kind of natural scenery is within a few hours’ drive.Hollywood becomes the center of national attention one evening a year－Academy Award night. At the Academy Award presentation held each spring, statuettes called Oscars are given to film industry winners in dozens of categories, including best actor, best actress, and best picture. The winners are chosen by members of the industry before the ceremony, but their names are kept secret until presentation night, when they are announced in a long, nationally televised program.Motion pictures were extremely popular in the United States after World War II, when television captured much of the movie audience. Geared to the masses, Hollywood movies offered much the same type of entertainment as television does. With free entertainment in their homes, many Americans simply stopped going to movies. Between 1946 and 1956, movie attendance was cut in half. At the same time, production costs zoomed. The movie industry was in trouble.The industry adjusted itself in a number of ways. Movie companies rented sound stages to TV companies and sold old movies to TV. To cut costs, Hollywood produced fewer movies and filmed many of them overseas. To lure audiences, the industry invested in new lenses, wider screens, and stereophonic sound. Studios also began producing kinds of entertainment that could not be offered by TV-films with controversial or shocking themes, films with huge casts and lavish settings. As a result of these changes, today the American motion picture industry is thriving.21.What makes Hollywood a great place for American movie industry according to the passage?[A] A famous part of Los Angeles[B] Favorable natural and traffic conditions[C] Natural scenery with mild climate and the shining sun[D] A great industrial base of American22.Which one about Oscars is correct according to the passage?[A] It is the name of a great film figure[B] It is given to World Academy Award in America each year[C] It is a yearly honor to winners in movie industry[D] It doesn’t produce until Academy Award night in each spring23.Why did many Americans like entertaining in homes instead of going to cinema after World War II?[A] Because the quality of film was becoming worse and worse[B] Because Hollywood movies couldn’t offer entertainment similar to television[C] Because the movie industry was in trouble for expensive production cost[D] Because TV’s popularity made them enjoy without paying24.What does the word “zoomed” (in the last sentence of the third paragraph) mean?[A] Moved along very quickly[B] Rose upward into the air[C] Increased high in price[D] Moved with a low humming noise25.The movie industry tried many methods to lure audiences except__________.[A] building commercial relationship with TV companies[B] improving its basic equipment[C] producing films with famous stars in low cost[D] offering types of entertainment different from TVText2The Arctic Ocean has given up tens of thousands more square kilometers of ice in a relentless summer of melt, with scientists watching through satellite eyes for a possible record low polar ice cap.From the barren Arctic shore of a village in Canada’s far northwest, veteran observer Eddie Gruben has seen the summer ice retreating more each decade as the world has warmed. By this weekend the ice edge lay 128 kilometers at sea, but forty years ago, it was 64 kilometers out. Global average temperatures rose 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, but Arctic temperatures rose twice as much or even faster, almost certainly in large part because of manmade greenhouse gases, researchers say. In late July the mercury soared to almost 86 degrees Fahrenheit in this settlement of 900 Arctic Eskimos.As of Thursday, the U.S. National Snow and Ice Date Center reported, the polar ice cap extended over 6.75 million square kilometers after having shrunk an average 106,000 square kilometers a day in July—equivalent to one Indiana or three Belgiums daily. The rate of melt was similar to that of July 2007, the year when the ice cap dwindled to a record minimum extent of 4.3 million square kilometers in September. In its latest analysis, NSIDC said Arctic atmospheric conditions this summer have been similar to those of the summer of 2007, including a high-pressure ridge that produced clear skies and strong melt in the Beaufort Sea, the arm of the Arctic Ocean off northern Alaska and northwestern Canada.Scientists say the makeup of the frozen polar sea has shifted significantly the past few years,as thick multiyear ice has given way as the Arctic’s dominant form to thin ice that comes and goes with each winter and summer. The past few years have “signaled a fundamental change in the character of the ice and the Arctic climate,” Meier said. Ironically, the summer melts since 2007 appear to have allowed disintegrating but still thick multiyear ice to drift this year into the relatively narrow channels of the Northwest Passage. Usually, impassable channels had been relatively ice-free the past two summers.Observation satellites’remote sensors will tell researchers in September whether the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record. Then the sun will begin to slip below the horizon for several months, and temperatures plunging in the polar darkness will freeze the surface of the sea again, leaving this and other Arctic coastlines in the grip of ice. Most of the sea ice will be new, thinner and weaker annual formations, however.At a global conference last March in Copenhagen, scientists declared that climate change is occurring faster than had been anticipated, citing the fast-dying Arctic cap as one example. A month later, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted Arctic summers could be almost ice-free within 30 years, not at the century’s end earlier predicted.26.The word “retreating” (Line2, Paragraph2) most probably means________.[A] withdrawing [B] moving back[C] melting [D] treating again27.We may infer from Paragraph 2 and 3 that____________.[A] rising Arctic temperatures result completely from manmade greenhouse gases[B] the summer ice edge was 192 kilometers at sea 40 years ago[C] the polar ice cap was over 6.87million square kilometers in July[D] the ice cap reduced to a record low minimum extent in July28.We may know that summer melts made____________.[A] some impassable channels covered by ice[B] no contribution to the makeup change of polar ice[C] thin ice become multiyear ice[D] the world climate change its character29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that____________.[A] scientists predicted future climate changes accurately[B] the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record[C] the future ice may be annually formed thinness[D] Arctic summers couldn’t be ice-free until next century30.Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] Arctic ice lowers to its smallest size[B] Arctic ice disappears under summer sun[C] Why Arctic ice disappears soon[D] Arctic ice closely relates to climate changesText3The classic American identity theft scam works like this: the thief convinces some bank or credit card company he’s actually you and borrows God knows how many dollars in your name. Once you discover and report this, you’re not liable for money the bank lost, but neither are you entitled to compensation for the time and effort you spend straightening the matter out. Bear inmind that when I say “the thief convinces the bank he’s you”, I’m not talking about a brilliant actor and master of disguise who imitates your voice and mannerisms well enough to fool your own mother. No, all that’s necessary to fool a bank is your birth date and US social security number, or just discarded credit card offer taken from your bin.Why are lenders so careless with their money? The snarky answer is: because they know taxpayers will bail them out. But identity theft was a problem in America long before phrases like “too big to fail” entered our vocabulary. I became an identity-theft statistic nine years ago, when I opened my mail to find a bill for a maxed- out credit card I never knew I had. I spent over two weeks cleaning the mess: filing police reports, calling the company, sitting on hold, getting disconnected and calling back to sit on hold again. Considering my salary back then, I spent over a thousand dollars’ worth of my time and wasn't entitled to a penny in damages.It all could easily have been avoided, had the company made a minimal effort to ensure they were loaning money to me rather than my dishonest doppelganger. So why didn't they? Because that would take time -at least a day or two. And if people had to wait a day between applying for and receiving credit, on-the-spot loans would be impossible. Every major retail chain in America pushes these offers: “Apply for a store credit card and receive 15% off your first purchase!” From the lenders’ perspective, writing off a few bad ID-theft debts is cheaper than losing the lucrative “impulse buyer” market.But that would change if companies had to pay damages to identity theft victims. Should they have to? The supreme court of the state of Maine is currently pondering that question. In March 2008 the Hannaford supermarket chain announced that hackers broke into their database and stole the credit card information of over 4 million customers, some of whom sued Hannaford for damages. None of the customers lost money, of course, but they felt-as I did-that their time and effort are worth something too.It’s too early to know how the court will rule, but I’ll make a prediction anyway: nothing will ch ange from the consumers’ perspective, and protecting lenders from their own bad habits will continue to be our unpaid job. When the worldwide economic meltdown started, I naively thought the subsequent tightening of credit lines would at least make identity theft less of a problem than before. But I was just being silly.31.After suffering from identity theft, you_____________.[A] should pay for money the bank lost[B] are required to report to your bank immediately[C] have to assume the cost of getting your identity back[D] won’t have to take any loss caused by it32.What’s the real meaning of “too big to fail” in para. 2?[A] Leaders are so big that they couldn’t fail at all.[B] Leaders won’t pay for their loaning carelessness.[C] Leaders are big enough to pay for any large loans.[D] America is big enough to solve any problems.33. The 3rd paragraph mainly talks about___________.[A] Why companies take efforts to avoid identity theft[B] The reason of companies’ effortlessness to help avoid identity theft[C] The reason of taking time to solve the problem of identity theft[D] The cause of companies offering on-the-spot loans34. The example in the 4th paragraph is cited to show that________.[A] Companies have paid for damages to identity theft victims[B] Customers often suffer from identity theft in America[C]Companies should be responsible for identity theft[D]Companies often suffer from identity theft in America35. What’s the author’s attitude to current solutions to identity theft?[A] Disappointed [B] Confident[C] Complicated [D] OptimisticText4Death is a difficult subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a constant threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the elderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world.That does not mean that Americans are getting the world's best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice have been compiling the “Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care”, using Medicare data to compare health-spending patterns in different regions and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regions can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result.Ira Byock is the director of palliative medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be treated more like individuals and less like medical cases on which all available technology must be let loose. With two decades' experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want.That does not include assisted suicide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, having enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where possible—and not officiously keeping them alive when there is no hope.But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someone's life and allow them to die gently. The book quotes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $1m. He came close to death many times, but eventually pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is very rare.Dr Byock's writing style is not everybody's cup of tea, but he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so will the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the threshold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford to spend to keep them going on and on.36. According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from[A] Americans' failure to admit death as part of their life[B] doctors' inclination to overtreat the patient[C] a culture that is obsessed with youth and health[D] a legal system which has a bias in favor of patients37. The author cited the findings of Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical practice to illustrate that[A] the medical care quality differs widely from region to region[B] there is little that hospitals can do in saving people's lives[C] a lot of medical resources are wasted[D] the American medical system is notorious for its low cost-effectiveness38. The central idea of Ira Byock's book is to appeal to the hospital to[A] save every life with every possible means[B] help people to die if that is his/her will[C] make people feel comfortable in their remaining hours[D] consider whether the cure is worthwhile before conducting it39. In the author's opinion the example of the HIV-positive young man in Paragraph 5[A] eliminates the possibility of applying gentle dying process in medicare[B] is merely an extreme case that should not be taken as a standard[C] emphasizes the importance of aggressive treatment even with slim hope[D] is used as an irony of the current state of American medical system40. According to the author, the American government will the proposal of gentle dying[A] disapprove of [B] divide at[C] hesitate at [D] side withPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Convincing evidence: US is losing its appeal in the eyes of multinationals[B] Biggest hindrance: US divided political system[C] American future: stuck in the middle[D] Overstated statement: US overall competitiveness is declining[E] V oice of experts: pessimism pervades academic world[F] Economic outlook: bad but not desperate[G] Undisputed fact: US is losing its economic edge41.Is America fading? America has been gripped by worries about decline before, notably in the 1970s, only to roar back. But this time it may be serious. There is little doubt that other countries are catching up. Between 1999 and 2009 America’s share of world exports fell in almost every industry: by 36 percentage points in aerospace, nine in information technology, eight in communications equipment and three in cars. Private-sector job growth has slowed dramatically,and come to a halt in industries that are exposed to global competition. Median annual income grew by an anemic 2% between 1990 and 2010.42.The March issue of the Harvard Business Review is devoted to “American competitiveness”. The Review reports that declinism is prevalent among HBS alumni: in a survey, 71% said that American competitiveness would decline in the coming years.43.America is losing out in the race to attract good jobs. Matthew Slaughter of Dartmouth’s Tuck School of Business points out that multinational firms increased employment in America by 24% in the 1990s. But since then they have been cutting back on jobs in America. They have moved dull repetitive tasks abroad, and even some sophisticated ones, too. The proportion of the employees of American multinationals who work for subsidiaries abroad rose from 21.4% in 1989 to 32.3% in 2009. The share of research-and-development spending going to foreign subsidiaries rose from 9% in 1989 to 15.6% in 2009; that of capital investment rose from 21.8% in 1999 to 29.6% in 2009.44.America’s politic al system comes in for particularly harsh criticism: 60% of HBS alumni said that it was worse than those in other advanced countries. David Moss of HBS argues that such complaints are nothing new: American politicians have been squabbling about the role of government ever since Thomas Jefferson butted heads with Alexander Hamilton. But in the past this often led to fruitful compromises. But such compromises are rarer these days. Republicans and Democrats are more ideologically divided, and less inclined to make pragmatic concessions.45.For all this gloom, the Review’s gurus argue that, as Bill Clinton said in his first inaugural address, there is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. The country has huge strengths, from its world-beating universities to its tolerance of risk-taking. It has a highly diverse market: firms that seek cheap labour can move to Mississippi, where wages are a third lower than those in Massachusetts. Rosabeth Moss Kanter of HBS points to the extraordinary amount of innovation that is going on not just in Silicon Valley but across the country.Yet it is difficult to read this collection of essays without a sense of foreboding. The one thing that worries the HBS alumni more than anything else—the state of American politics—is the most difficult to fix. The political pendulum swings unpredictably, making it hard to plan for the future. Should companies assume that they will have to abide by Mr Obama’s health-care law when it comes into effect in 2014, or will the Republicans have repealed it by then? No one knows.Section III Translation46. Direction:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is senior citizen discount.Anyone who has reached a certain age is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Practically unheard of a generation ago, thediscounts have become a routine part of many businesses- as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy. Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. Perhaps the practice once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population.To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:John, one of your friends, failed in the last CET-6 and is upset. Write a letter to him to1) express your pity, point out the reason for his failure,2) encourage him, and suggest a better way to prepare the exam.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEETDo not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:In this section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following table,in which you should1)describe the table,2)state your opinions drawn from it.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Section I Use of English1 - 5 BDBAB 6 - 10 CCBCD11-15 AACDA 16-20 CCABBSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25 B C D C C 26-30 C B A C B31-35 C B B C A 36-40 A C C B DPart B41-45 GEABFSection III Translation在美国，年龄就是特权，其中比较突出的一项就是老年折扣。

2018年考研英语二真题与答案

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔二〕与答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word<s> for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.<10 points>Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12 ___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17____ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18_ _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___ 19____ it is worth the endeavor. "Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity," Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C.regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11.A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13.A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15.A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16.A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17.A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18.A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19.A. how B. why C. where D. whetherB. investmentsC. consequencesD. strategiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or[ D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. <40 points>Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education "have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically," he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorizetion22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels -coal, oil, gas – still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels – especially coal – as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation – and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question "what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t s shine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word "plummeting" <Line 3, Para.2> is closest in meaning to______.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.A. wind is a widely used energy source.B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for itsA.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law ______.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.A.a win- win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of "deep work",—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends " deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such a list canreap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, " be lazy."" Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, "he argues.Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient."What people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain", says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that____.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused______.A. can result in .Psychological will-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC. is aimed at a better balance in workD. is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. <10 points>A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the "me too"sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.__________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says "I want to talk with this person"- this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: "Hi", "Hey" or "Hello"—— do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say "Hi".42.____________________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of "hi", "hello", "how are you" "and what's going on?" you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation, from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward, you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response "I can Multitask".So when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing they hate - whatever you talk aboutWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship goingThat's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!A. be present41. B. just say it42. C. ask for an opinion43. D. name, places, things44. E. find the "me too"s45. F. pay a unique complimentG.skip the small talkSection Ⅱ TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. <15 points>A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks "astronaut" but quickly adds "scientist" to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads——everything from encyclopaedias to science fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a "no reading policy" at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet——not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world woks."Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,"——Gates say.Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to1> apologize and explain the situation;2> suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead.Don’t write your address. <10 points>Part BDirections:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. <15 points>答案解析1、[答案][B] resolve[解析]此处考察词义辨析.首段首句以问句形式提出文章中心：人们浏览网络负面评论信息以与做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因.第二句给出原因：因为人们内心里有一种____〔生活中的〕不确定因素或不安的需求,空格处所需的动词需要和后面的宾语uncertainty构成语义搭配.B选项resolve 〔解决、消除〕符合语义要求；A选项protect〔保护〕,C选项discuss 〔讨论〕,D选项ignore〔忽略〕带入空格后,语义不通顺,均排除.故正确答案为B选项resolve.2、[答案][D] seek[解析]此处考察词义辨析.空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明,这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_____〔答案〕来满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_____.空格处所填入的词需要和后面隐含的宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配,只有D选项seek〔试图、设法、寻找〕符合要求；A选项refuse〔拒绝〕,B选wait〔等待〕,C选项regret〔遗憾〕带入后,语义不通顺.故正确答案为[D]seek.3、[答案][A] hurt[解析]此处考察词义辨析.空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明,这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案来满足他们的好奇心即使答案明显_____. 本句中的even when〔即使〕构成了前后的对立关系,因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情色彩词"strong"与语义构成对立,只有A选项hurt〔令人痛苦〕符合要求；另外此处的it is clear that the answer will hurt 也和第一句中的that will obviously be painful 构成了近义复现.故A选项为正确答案.4、[答案][D] expose[解析]此处考察固定短语.空格所在处,构成了___oneself to sth结构,只有D选项expose符合要求〔使某人暴露在……中〕,故D选项expose为正确答案.5、[答案][C] trail[解析]此处考察词义辨析.本段段首提到"a series of four experiments",空格所在句给出其中一个实验的信息,只有C选项trail与experiment语义相近,故正确答案为C选项trail.6、[答案][D]deliver[解析]此处考察上下文信息对应以与动宾搭配问题.上文指出：For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. 在一个试验中,研究人员给每位受试者一堆笔并声称其源于先前的实验.这是实验的背景.下文具体实验展开,Half of the pens would… an electric shock when clicked. 有一半的比在按下的时候会使使人触电.所以比对选项,要选择deliver ,发出,递送.因此选择D. deliver7、[答案][A]when[解析]此处考察上下文句间的逻辑关系.空前空后是状语的关系.上文讲的是Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another 27 were told only…研究人员告知了27名受试学生哪些笔是内有玄机,而另外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的.下文就是具体的发生的实验状态了.当他们独自在房里时, … 而不是条件if, unless或者转折关系.因此选择A.8、[答案][B]happen[解析]此处考察上下语境下的句内动词关系.根据上文的实验背景,试验中27个人知道哪些笔是内有玄机,而另外27名学生只知道有些笔是带电的.下面的告知了实验的结论：当他们独自在房里时,那些不知哪些笔带电的学生按下了更多的笔头,比这些受试者多,后面是定语,显然这些受试者是只上文被告知的人,所以这些人知道the students who knew what would happen,强调结果性.所以选择B. happen9、[答案][D]such as[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系.上文在之后其他刺激因素的实验中, 后文讲到具体的实验：指甲刮黑板的声音和令人生厌的昆虫图片显然这里需要例证关系,故选择D.such as10、[答案][A]discover[解析]此处考察上下文的信息对应和句内信息对应.这是个中心复现词,文章开篇提出：The human drive to resolve uncertainty is so strong…人们对于寻找答案以消除不确定因素总是乐此不疲.再根据上文的实验,都表示这是一种discover的需求,越是不确定的,越好奇.故选择A. discover11、[答案][D] food[解析]此处考察同义复现.这个空出现在卡内基梅隆大学<Carnegie Mellon University>的观点中,前后观点没有任何转折连词,所以前后句应该一脉相承.前文中the drive is deeply rooted in human,指的是人类根深蒂固的本性,而且后文也说到curiosity is a good instinct〔本能〕,探索的动力在人类中根深蒂固,与食物或避难所的基本动力相当.因此此处应该选food.A选项pay 支付；B选项marriage 婚姻；C选项schooling 学习教育,皆不符合文意.12、[答案][A] lead to[解析]此处考察成分搭配.原文表达：好奇心通常被认为是一种很好的本能——它会________新的科学进步,此处选择A选项lead to 符合文意.B选项rest on 取决于；C选项learn from 向…学习；D选项begin with 以…开始,皆不符合文意.13、[答案][C] inquiry[解析]此处考察反义复现.原文表达：but sometimes such _________can backfire. but一词的出现就说明前后两句话是转折句义,前文说好奇心会带来新的科学进步；后文的一个指示代词such一出现,就证明和前句的主语是一致的,在此只能选择curiosity 的近义词,为C inquiry.A选项withdrawal 撤回；B选项persistence 坚持；D选项diligence 勤奋,皆不符合文意. 14、[答案][B] self-destructive[解析]此处考察成分搭配.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do______ things is a profound one.因为前文有所提示,but sometimes such _________can backfire,有时候好奇心会适得其反,这句话也是对于上文的承接,因此这里需要填入的是好奇心带来的副作用的表达,因此选[B] self-destructive 自我毁灭的.A 选项self-reliant自力更生的；C选项self-evident 显而易见的；D选项self-deceptive自欺欺人的,皆不符合文意.15、[答案][B] resist[解析]此处考察同义复现.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to __________, however. 这句话之后出现了论据,用以支撑前文的论点：In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image,在最后的实验中,那些积极预测自己目睹不太悦目图片感受的受试者,他们选择此类图片的可能性较小.此处picture were less likely to choose to see such an image=resist,是对于本段论点句的同义复现,因为选择B 选项resist.A 选项define定义；C选项replace 替代；D选项trace追踪,皆不符合文意.16、[答案][B]predict[解析]此处考察句间逻辑关系,属于句子内部的显性线索.本段首句是本段的中心：然而,抵制病态的好奇心理是并非不可能.所以可以预测出这一段会围绕抵制病态的好奇心会有什么好的影响.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.16题所在句子是participants的后置定语,用来修饰受测者,他们积极地去如何,与后面定语从句中目睹不太愉悦的照片后他们将〔would〕会有什么样的感觉,可以得出是提前想象出来的,故选择B predict,预测.17、[答案][C]choose[解析]此处考察句间逻辑关系,属于句子内部的显性线索.此题所在句子结构化简后是participants were less likely to 17 to see such an image.这里面的such image指的是上面提到的an unpleasant picture,所以既然已经知道图片会带来不愉悦的感觉,就不可能去选择了,故选择C ,choose选择.18、[答案][D] outcome[解析] 此处考察句间逻辑关系,属于句子内部的显性线索.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. 18题所在位置是the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time此短语是imagining同位语,用来解释imagining：为利用好奇心可提前想象的结果.所以此题选择是的imagining的同义词.19、[答案][B] whether[解析]此处考察句间的逻辑关系.imagining can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.这种结果可以帮助人们决定它们...值得一试.根据句间逻辑关系,这些研究结果表明,利用好奇心可提前想象事件的结果,从而帮助人们决定它们是否值得一试.故B whether为正确选项.20、[答案][A] consequences[解析]此处考察词义辨析."Thinking about long-term 20 is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity," 思考长期....才是减轻好奇心负面消极影响的关键所在.负面消极影响是好奇心带来的,所以要考虑这种长期的影响,B选项investment投资C选项strategies 策略D 选项limitations限制,都不符合语境,故A选项为正确选项.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、[答案][A] practical ability[解析]根据题干可知这是一道典型的例证题.根据题干关键词"a broken bike chain"定位到第二段第二句,向前找其论点句"He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. 由该句可知,在他〔Mr. Koziaek〕任教的这个学校里,学习不是书本、测试和机械记忆这些事情,而是实践.所以。

2018年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析

2018年考研英语（⼆）真题及答案解析2018年考研英语⼆真题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to_1_uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will_2_to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will_3_.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested Student’s willingness to_4_themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one _5_,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist? Half of the pens would_6_an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified,another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified._7_left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would_8_subsequent experiments reproduced,this effect with other stimuli_9_the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to_10_is deeply rooted in humans.Much the same as the basic drives for_11_or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can_12_New Scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such_13_can backfire,the insight that curiosity can drive you to do _14_things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to_15_,however.in a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to_16_ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to_17_to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the_18_of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth theendeavor.Thinking about long-term_20_is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.Hsee says.“in other words,don’t read online comments”.1.[A]protect[B]resolve[C]discuss[D]ignore2.[A]refuse[B]wait[C]regret[D]seek3.[A]hurt[B]last[C]mislead[D]rise4.[A]alert[B]tie[C]treat[D]expose5.[A]message[B]review[C]trial[D]concept6.[A]remove[B]weaken[C]interrupt[D]deliver7.[A]When[B]If[C]Though[D]Unless8.[A]continue[B]happen[C]disappear[D]change9.[A]rather than[B]regardless of[C]such as[D]owing to10.[A]discover[B]forgive[C]forget[D]disagree11.[A]pay[B]marriage[C]schooling[D]food12.[A]lead to[B]rest on[C]learn from[D]begin with13.[A]withdrawal[B]persistence[C]inquiry[D]diligence14.[A]self-reliant[B]self-deceptive[C]self-evident[D]self-destructive15.[A]define[B]resist[C]replace[D]trace16.[A]overlook[B]predict[C]design[D]conceal17.[A]remember[B]promise[C]choose[D]pretend18.[A]relief[B]plan[C]duty[D]outcome19.[A]why[B]whether[C]where[D]how20.[A]consequences[B]investments[C]strategies[D]limitationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek know,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But evennow,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.Butonly44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.[A]practical ability[B]academic training[C]pioneering spirit[D]mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.[A]have a stereotyped mind[B]have no career motivation[C]are not academically successful[D]are financially disadvantaged23.we can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates.[A]used to have big financial concerns[B]used to have more job opportunities[C]are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D]are entitled to more educational privileges24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.[A]supportive[B]tolerant[C]disappointed[D]cautiousWhile fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many inIowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quickput-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.[A]stabilizing[B]changing[C]falling[D]rising27.According to Paragraph3，the use of renewable energy in America.[A]is progressing notably[B]is as extensive as in Europe[C]faces many challenges[D]has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,.[A]wind is a widely used energy source[B]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy[D]there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.[A]will bring the US closer to other countries[B]will accelerate global environmental change[C]is not really encouraged by the US government[D]is not competitive enough with regard to its costThe power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,/doc/8bbe5eae4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028905f8535.html petition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.[A]digital products[B]user information[C]physical assets[D]quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.[A]worsen political disputes[B]mess up customer records[C]pose a risk to Facebook users[D]mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.[A]should serve the new market powers[B]may worsen the economic imbalance[C]should not provide just one legal solution[D]cannot keep pace with the changing market/doc/8bbe5eae4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028905f8535.html petition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.[A]they are not defined as customers[B]they are not financially reliable[C]the services are generally digital[D]the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.[A]a win-win business model between digital giants[B]a typical competition pattern among digital giants[C]the benefits provided for digital giants’customers[D]the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specifictask;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy.we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body... [idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”.says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________.[A]keep to your focus time[B]list your immediate tasks[C]make specific daily plans[D]seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that________.[A]distractions may actually increase efficiency[B]daily schedules are indispensable to studying[C]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[D]detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport,idleness is________.[A]a desirable mental state for busy people[B]a major contributor to physical health[C]an effective way to save time and energy[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused_______.[A]can result in psychological well-being[B]can bring about greater efficiency[C]is aimed at better balance in work[D]is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about_______.[A]ways to relieve the tension of busy life[B]approaches to getting more done in less time[C]the key to eliminating distractions[D]the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment/doc/8bbe5eae4531b90d6c85ec3a87c24028905f8535.html ,places,thingsE.Find the“me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at thedoor.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out.It feels like it is stuck somewhere,I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think:that is the worst that could happen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”。

2018年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案解析[完整版]

范文范例指导学习2018 考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）来源：文都教育Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text . Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviouslybe painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicago andthe Wisconsin school of Business testedstudents ’ willingness to4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one5 , each participantwas shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven wer e told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernail s on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct — itcan 12 new scientific advances, forinstance —butsometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity i possible to 15 ,however.In a final participantss experiment,who were encouraged to 16how theywould feel afterviewinganunpleasantpicturewereless likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggestthatimaginingthe 18of following throughon one’scuriosity ahead of timecanhelp determine 19 it isworththe endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possiblenegativeeffects of curiosity, ”Hsee says. In other words,don’t read onlinecomments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve 2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interru pt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.ratherthanC.regardlessofD.owingto10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriageD.schooling12.A.beginwith B.rest on C.lead to D.learn fromword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evidentD.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequencesD.strategiesSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B],[C]or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his effortsto give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, butpractical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13thpresident of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarilygained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generationsof discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he ’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seenas almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it ’s for kids who can ’t make it academically, ” he says .On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution.Manufacturingis not the economic engine that it once was.The job security thatthe US economy once offeredto high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.Wewant more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s d egrees for all —and the subtle devaluing ofanything less —misses an important point:That ’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor ’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but theworkerswho need those jobs most aren ’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School ofTechnology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’s school is a wake-up call. Wheneducation becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nation ’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students ’ lack of .A.academic trainingB.practical abilityword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习C.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who. A.have a stereotyped mind B.have no career motivation C.are financially disadvantaged D.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates. ed to have more job opportunities ed to have big financial concerns C.are entitled to more educational privileges D.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all. A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs C.indicates the overvaluing of higher education D.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce 25.The author ’s attitude toward Koziatek ’s school can bedescribed as . A.tolerant B.cautious C.supportive D.disappointedText 2 While fossil fuels —coal ， oil ， gas —stillgenerat e roughly 85percent of the world ’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources suchas wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking upmomentumaround the world ： Theynow account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fundcleaner energy sources. But increasing ly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables ， especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80 percentand the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland ， for example ， wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent ofhomes.Whilethe rest of the world takesthelead ，notablyChina and Europe ， the UnitedStatesis alsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，for the firsttime ，wind andsolarpoweraccountedfo r morethan10percent ofthepowergeneratedin theUS，reportedthe US EnergyInformationAdministrati on.Presiden t Trump hasunderlined fossil fuels—especiallycoal — asthe pathtoeconomicgrowth. In a recent speech in Iowa ，hedismissedwind power as anunreliable energy source.Butthat message did not play well with many in Iowa ， where wind turbines dot the fields andprovide 36 percent of thestate ’s electricitygeneration— and where tech giants likeMicrosoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir datacenters.The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteriesis making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers ， who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still ararity on roads now,this massive investment could change thepicture rapidly in coming years.While there ’ s a long way to go ， the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The paceof change in energy sources appears to be speeding up — perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What W ashington does—or doesn’t do— to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word “plummeting ”（L ine 3 ， Para.2 ） is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3 ， the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power andambition of thegiantsofthedigitaleconomyis astonishing— Amazonhasjust announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain WholeFoods for$13.5bn ， but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsAppmessaging service ，which doesn ’t have any physical ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook wasproduct at a anintricate and finely detailed web of itsusers’friendships and sociallives ．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbersto Facebookidentities，but it broke thepromisealmostas soon as thedealwentthrough ．Evenwithout knowing what was in the messages ， the knowledge of who sent them and towhom wasenormouslyrevealing and still couldbe． Whatpolitical journalist， whatpartywhip ，wouldnot want to know the makeup of the Whats App groups in which TheresaMay ’ s enemies arecurrentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazonisnot so much the460shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchasedwhat.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances ofpower ． Butit is clumsy. For onething, itis veryslowcomparedto the pace ofchangewithin the digitalword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习economy. By the time a problem has beenaddressed and remedied it may have vanished in themarketplace, to bereplacedby new abuses of power． Butthere isa deeperconceptual problem,too. Competitionlaw as presentlyinterpreted deals with financial disadvantage toconsumers and thisis not obviouswhen theusers of theseservicesdon’t pay forthem． Theusers of their services are not theircustomers ． That would bethepeople who buyadvertisingfrom them — and Facebook and Google ， the two virtualgiants， dominate digitaladvertisingto the disadvantage of all other media and entertainmentcompanies ．Theproduct they ’re selling is data ， and we， the users ，convertourlives to data forthe benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor thehoneydew they producewhen theyfeed,so Google farms usfor the data that ourdigital livesyield ． Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps thespammers out of ourinboxes. It doesn ’t feel like a human or democraticrelationship ，even if both sidesbenefit ．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquiredWhatsApp for its. A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants ’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and theirusersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deepwork”— the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic ”approach to seizing m oments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling ” to c ombat constant interruptions and getword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习more done in less time. “At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for ro ughlythe next m onth.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor ’s appointmentor important meeting ”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritizeyour day— in particular how we craft our to-do l ists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Powerof Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be mosteffective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions oftenrender the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room forimprovisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We a lso need to embrace downtime,oras Newport suggests, “be lazy. ”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable tobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believesthis counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focusedand unfocused on a task,theytend to be more efficient.“What people d on’t realise is that in order to complete t hese tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain ”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________. A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that________. A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable tostudying C. students are hardlymotivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport, idleness is________. A.a desirable mental state forbusy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains ’ shift between being focusedand unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done inless timeword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习C.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in theleft column to its corresponding information in the right column. Thereare two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too ”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new persona link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting aconversation with them will form alink.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start aconversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know andsomething within you says“Iwant to talk with this person ”— this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something — the first word —but it justwon ’t come out. I t feels like itisstuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, theyare not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple: “Hi ”, “Hey”or “Hello ”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi ”.42.______F______It ’s a problem all of us face : you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi ”, “hello ” , “how are you? ”and“what’s going on? ”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that ’s can make itso memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you ’ll be surprised tosee how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which youand that person have in commonso that you can build the conversation f rom that point. Whenyou start conversation from there a nd then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden thatthe conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习Imagine you are pouring y our heart o ut to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask ”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in thatcommunication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some timeyou may have met a gain and have forgotten their name. Isn ’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps theplaces they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing thehate —whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically becomeinvestor in their wellbeing.So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’s it . Five amazing ways that you can make conversationwith almost anyone. Everyperson is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Tra nslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future careerpath from a listof occupations. He ticks “astronaut ” but quickly adds “scientist ” to the list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads —everything from encyclopedias to science fictionnovels. He reads so passionately t hat his parents h ave to institute a “no reading p olicy ”atthe dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn ’t stopped reading yet —not even after becomingone of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he readsat least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explainhow the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge, ”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

2018硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题和答案解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题英语二Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ wi llingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11. A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12. A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13. A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15. A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16. A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17. A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19. A. how B. why C. where D. whether20. A. limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skillmanufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bac helor’s degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belong s to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of t he state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quic k put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“ plummeting ”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the What’s App messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our in boxes. It doesn’t fe el likea human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deeps cheduling” to combat const ant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be dueto the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circui ts in their brain”. says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A. keep to your focus timeB. list your immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A. distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A. can result in psychological well-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Just say itB. Be presentC. Pay a unique complimentD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the “me too”sF. Skip the small talkG. Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: th at is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and “what’s going on?” you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask f or their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped r eading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up ne w avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) Apologize and explain the situation, and2) Suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)其他4.7%价格8.4%特色36.3%环境23.8%服务26.8%2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素一、完形填空：1. A. resolveresolve 解决 protect 保护 discuss 讨论 ignore忽视联系上下文“the need to know”，显然是人类有解决未知(resolve uncertainty)的内在需要。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)参考答案

【只有答案！】2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题参考答案英语二参考答案一.完型1.D(resolve)2.B(seek)3.C(hurt)4.B(expose)5.A(trial)6.B(deliver)7. C(When)8.D(happen)9. A(suchas) 10.C(discover)11. B(food) 12.C(lead to) 13.A(inquiry) 14. D(self-destructive) 15. D(resist)16. D(predict) 17. A(choose) 18. B(outcome) 19.D(whether) 20.C(consequences)二.阅读21.B (practical ability)22.D (are not academically successful)23.A (used to have more job opportunities)24.C (indicates the overvaluing of higherdeucation)25.C (supportive)26.C (falling)27.A (is progressing notably)28.A (wind is a widely used energy source)29.C (Its continuous supply is becoming a reality) 30.C (is not really encouraged by the US government )31.B (user information) 32.C (pose a risk to Facebookusers) 33.D (cannot keep pace with the changing market)34.A (they are not defined as customers)35.D (the relationship between digital giants and their users )36.A (keep to your focus time)37.D (t detailed plans many not be as fruitful asexpected) 38.D(an essential factor in accomplishing anywork) 39.B (can bring about greater efficiency) 40.B (approaches to getting more done in less time)41.A(Just say it) 42.F(Skip the small talk) 43.E(Find the “me too” s) 44.B( Be present ) 45.D(Name, places, things)三.翻译一个五年级学生得到一个家庭作业，要求他从一个职业列表中选出他的未来职业，他在“宇航员”上打勾，然后迅速添加了“科学家”到这个列表。

2018考研英语（二）真题附参考详细标准答案

2018考研英语（⼆）真题附参考详细标准答案2018考研英语（⼆）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)b5E2RGbCAPWhy do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .p1EanqFDPwIn a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willin gness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.DXDiTa9E3dTwenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.RTCrpUDGiTThe drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.5PCzVD7HxA Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.jLBHrnAILg1.A.ignoreB.protectC.discussD.resolve2.A.refuseB.seekC.waitD.regret/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html stC.hurtD.mislead4.A.alertB.exposeC.tieD.treat5.A.trialB.messageC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.deliverC.weakenD.interrupt7.A.UnlessB.IfC.WhenD.Though8.A.changeB.continueC.disappearD.happen9.A.such asB.rather thanC.regardless ofD.owing to10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.discoverD.forget11.A.payB.foodC.marriageD.schooling12.A.begin withB.rest onC.lead toD.learn from13.A.inquiryB.withdrawalC.persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-deceptiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-destructive xHAQX74J0X15.A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist16.A.concealB.overlookC.designD.predict17.A.chooseB.rememberC.promiseD.pretend18.A.reliefB.outcomeC.planD.duty19.A.howB.whyC.whereD.whether20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.consequencesD.strategies LDAYtRyKfESection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Zzz6ZB2LtkText 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a betterfuture.dvzfvkwMI1Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain? rqyn14ZNXIAs Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.EmxvxOtOcoBut he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” hesays.SixE2yXPq5On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not t he economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.6ewMyirQFLBut the headlong push into bac helor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.kavU42VRUsIn other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that g ap.y6v3ALoS89Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.M2ub6vSTnP21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.0YujCfmUCwA.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.eUts8ZQVRdA.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.sQsAEJkW5T/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html ed to have more job opportunities/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html ed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.GMsIasNXkAA.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.TIrRGchYzgA.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.7EqZcWLZNXSome growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables，especially windand solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.lzq7IGf02EIn many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.zvpgeqJ1hk President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech inIowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many inIowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.NrpoJac3v1The quest ion“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.1nowfTG4KIThe advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.fjnFLDa5ZoWhile th ere’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.tfnNhnE6e526.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.HbmVN777sLA.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.V7l4jRB8HsA.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?83lcPA59W9A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.mZkklkzaaP30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.AVktR43bpwA.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost ORjBnOwcEdText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．2MiJTy0dTTFacebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.gIiSpiue7ACompetition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the peoplewho buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．uEh0U1YfmhThe product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．IAg9qLsgBX31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.WwghWvVhPEA.digital products/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html er informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.asfpsfpi4kA.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing market/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html petition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.ooeyYZTjj1A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giants BkeGuInkxIC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customers PgdO0sRlMoD.the relationship between digital giants and their users3cdXwckm15Text 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.h8c52WOngMThere are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specifictask;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.v4bdyGiousNewport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any givenpoint,Ishould have deep work scheduled for ro ughly the next month.Once on the c alendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.J0bm4qMpJ9Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.XVauA9grYPWhile the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.bR9C6TJscwIn order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport sugg ests,“be lazy.”pN9LBDdtrd“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D isto the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.DJ8T7nHuGTSrini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.QF81D7bvUA“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.4B7a9QFw9h36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.ix6iFA8xoXA.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.wt6qbkCyDEA.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected Kp5zH46zRk38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.Yl4HdOAA61A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)ch4PJx4BlIA.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment/doc/9991d13868eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be4c.html , places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.qd3YfhxCzoYou meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.E836L11DO5Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.S42ehLvE3M41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.501nNvZFisJust think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!jW1viftGw9 I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.xS0DOYWHLP42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.LOZMkIqI0wHonestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.ZKZUQsUJedSo don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.dGY2mcoKtT43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a loteasier.rCYbSWRLIA44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.FyXjoFlMWhSo when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.TuWrUpPObX45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!7qWAq9jPqESo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talkabout.llVIWTNQFkWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.yhUQsDgRT1That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is areally good book to read, or to have a conversation with!MdUZYnKS8ISection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)09T7t6eTnoA fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.e5TfZQIUB5That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they ex plain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.s1SovAcVQM【参考译⽂】⼀个五年级地学⽣需要完成⼀份作业，作业地内容是要从⼯作清单中选出⾃⼰未来地职业.他在“宇航员”那⾥画了线，但是⼜很快加上了“科学家”.他相信，如果他读地书够多，就可以任意选择他所喜欢地职业.所以他读了从百科全书到科幻⼩说⾮常多地书.他对于读书太过于痴迷以⾄于他地⽗母不得不制定了在餐桌上“禁⽌读书政策”.GXRw1kFW5s这个男孩就是⽐尔盖茨，他⾄今都没有停⽌过阅读，即使已经成为世上最成功地⼈⼠之⼀.如今，他不仅阅读科幻作品和百科丛书：他最近透漏⾃⼰⼀年⾄少阅读50本⾮⼩说书籍，因为这些书揭秘了世界地运转⽅式.⽐尔盖茨说：“每⼀本书都开辟了探索知识地新路径”.UTREx49Xj9Section ⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an emailto8PQN3NDYyP1）apologize and explain the situation, and2）suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.mLPVzx7ZNwDo not use your own name. Use“Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.（10 points）【参考译⽂】Dear Prof. Smith,I am writing this letter in order to apologize to you for I have to cancel my travelling plan in your local city, and I will fail to visit you as I promised. AHP35hB02dI really have kept our appointment in my mind all these days. However, when I was set out for the airport, I suddenly had a severe stomachache , so I have to go to the hospital to see a doctor. It’s unexpected and urgent and I must go.I am extremely sorry that I cannot keep my promise, but I wonder whether I couldhave another appointment with you on next weekend if you are available.NDOcB141gTI am looking forward to your early reply. I apologize to you more than I can say. Please forgive me.1zOk7Ly2vAYours sincerely,Li MingPart B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing you should fuNsDv23Kh1）interpret the chart and2）give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.（15 points）tqMB9ew4YX【参考范⽂】As is depicted by the pie chart, the author is trying to show factors why consumers choose a restaurant in a certain city. According to the data reflected by the chart, it is not hard to see that speciality can be the most important factor to choose a canteen for consumers, which takes up 36.38%. however, other factors including service, environment and price account for 26.8%, 23.8% and 8.4% respectively. Thesestatistics reflect an thought-provoking phenomenon. HmMJFY05dEThere are two reasons accounting for this situation reflected by the chart above. The most important factor we should take into consideration is the rapid economic development and the growth of purchasing power, which can explain the reason why the price takes up the smallest proportion in these factors when consumers choose canteen. Moreover, there is no deny in saying that an increasing number of people are paying closer attention to the new taste and fresh feeling which lead to the result that a large group of people choose restaurants according to the level of speciality. ViLRaIt6skBased on the analysis made above, it is safe to say that there is a tendency for people to choose a canteen largely depend on the speciality in the coming years. On the contrary, people will continue to pay increasingly less attention on the price.9eK0GsX7H1版权申明本⽂部分内容，包括⽂字、图⽚、以及设计等在⽹上搜集整理.版权为个⼈所有This article includes some parts, including text, pictures, anddesign. Copyright is personal ownership.naK8ccr8VI⽤户可将本⽂地内容或服务⽤于个⼈学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他⾮商业性或⾮盈利性⽤途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定，不得侵犯本⽹站及相关权利⼈地合法权利.除此以外，将本⽂任何内容或服务⽤于其他⽤途时，须征得本⼈及相关权利⼈地书⾯许可，并⽀付报酬.B6JgIVV9aoUsers may use the contents or services of this article for personal study, research or appreciation, and other non-commercial or non-profit purposes, but at the same time, they shall abide by the provisions of copyright law and other relevant laws, and shall not infringe upon the legitimate rights of this website and its relevant obligees. In addition, when any content or service of this article is used for other purposes, written permission and remuneration shall be obtained from the person concerned and the relevant obligee.P2IpeFpap5转载或引⽤本⽂内容必须是以新闻性或资料性公共免费信息为使⽤⽬地地合理、善意引⽤，不得对本⽂内容原意进⾏曲解、修改，并⾃负版权等法律责任.3YIxKpScDMReproduction or quotation of the content of this article must be reasonable and good-faith citation for the use of news or informative public free information. It shall not misinterpret or modify the original intention of the content of this article, and shall bear legal liability such as copyright.gUHFg9mdSs。

2018考研模考试卷(英语二)

绝密★启用前2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一模拟考试英语（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

2.答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。

3.答案必须按要求涂写或填写在指定的答题卡上。

（1）英语知识运用和阅读理解A节、B节的答案用2B铅笔涂写在答题卡1上。

如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。

（2）阅读理解C节（英译汉）的答案和作文必须用蓝（黑）色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上。

字迹要清楚。

4.考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。

SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)What will the future of social networking look like?Imagine this:your digital video recorder automatically copies a television show that several of your friends were talking about on a social network before the show went1air.Or this:you get into your car,switch on its navigation system and ask it to2you to a friend’s house.As you3out of the driveway,the network to which you both belong automatically alert her that you are on your way.And this:as you are buying a pair of running shoes that you think one of your friends might be interested in, you can send a picture to their network page with a couple of4on a keypad next to the checkout5.Networking types like to talk about the idea that there is a6social element in all of the things people interact with.7them long enough and you come away with the impression that your teapot will soon be twittering about what you had for breakfast.Some of the ideas outlined8may sound far-fetched,but a service such as Facebook Connect,which already lets people export their social graph of online relationships to other web-enabled gizmos, suggests they are not completely outlandish.Everything from cars to cookers could ultimately have social connectivity9in it.But when it comes to helping social networks achieve ubiquity,10of these things will be remotely as important as the mobile phone.11a web-enabled phone to post status updates and send messages is still a niche activity in many countries,but it will rapidly become a mainstream one as mobile-broadband services12fixed-line ones in a few years’time.One estimate by eMarketer suggests that just over600m people will use their phones to13into social networks by2013,a more-than-fourfold increase on last year’s140m.This14has big implications.For a start,mobile phones in15markets—or devices such as cheap netbooks linked to the internet via mobile networks—will open up a brand new audience whose use of social sites has so16been hampered by a frustrating lack of fast,PC-based internet panies such as Sembuse in Kenya,17bills itself as east Africa’s first mobile social network,and South Africa’s Mxit are already gearing up to connect millions more people to one another through their mobile phones,18a big fillip to the amount of information-sharing going on around the world.The rise of mobile-phone-based networking will have an impact on rich-world markets too. Thanks to fast and relatively cheap mobile broadband services,phones have already become the device of choice for accessing some sites in Asia.Shigeya Kawagishi,an executive at Mixi,one of Japan’s largest social networks with18m members,says the vast majority of its19now comes from phone-toting customers who check in to get updates four or five times a day. Facebook,which has2065m mobile users,says they are almost half as active again on the site as other folk.1.[A]off the[B]into[C]up in the[D]on2.[A]take[B]guide[C]drive[D]assist3.[A]pull[B]push[C]storm[D]walk4.[A]knocks[B]strikes[C]pats[D]clicks5.[A]table[B]desk[C]counter[D]post6.[A]perverted[B]pervasive[C]prevenient[D]perverse7.[A]Work with[B]Listen to[C]Learn from[D]Teach8.[A]over[B]below[C]above[D]under9.[A]embedded[B]embed[C]embedding[D]to embed10.[A]neither[B]all[C]some[D]none11.[A]Using[B]To be use[C]Use[D]To be using12.[A]merge[B]combine[C]weaken[D]overtake13.[A]link[B]land[C]tap[D]hack14.[A]conversion[B]transformation[C]shift[D]alteration15.[A]traditional[B]emerging[C]developed[D]developing16.[A]long[B]far[C]much[D]little17.[A]which[B]that[C]one[D]where18.[A]to provide[B]provide[C]provided[D]providing19.[A]problems[B]transportation[C]traffic[D]jam20.[A]all[B]many[C]few[D]someSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1(40points)Text1Ronald Reagan would not be pleased by what is happening in Congress today.Over the past century many other presidents tried to expand health-care coverage to all Americans.But as far back as1961Reagan argued that this would lead to socialised medicine,from which“will come other government programmes that will invade every area of freedom as we have known it in this country until one day…we have socialism.”Undaunted by such conservative fears of rationing and“death panels”,Barack Obama has pushed his party’s congressional leaders to draft a sweeping health-reform law.The Democrats passed a version of reform through the House of Representatives in November by a vote of220to 215.The fight was bloodier and the pay-offs more brazen in the Senate,but on Christmas Eve the upper chamber passed a health-reform bill on a party-line vote of60to39(60being the minimum number required to overcome Republican procedural obstacles).Democrats are savouring this victory over the holiday recess,but when they return in January the joy will fade.That is because coming up with a final law that Mr Obama can sign before his first state-of-the-union message(usually delivered by the end of January)will require merging the efforts of the two chambers.A casual glance might suggest that not much separates the two bills:both would dramaticallyexpand health coverage by forcing insurers to end discrimination based on health,introducing a requirement for everyone to buy insurance along with subsidies to help those who have trouble finding the money to do so,and creating heavily regulated insurance exchanges.And some of the differences will be easy to reconcile.Each bill has timid efforts at cost control(the House has lots of pilot programmes on payment reform,while the Senate calls for an independent commission to propose future payment reforms)which,if combined,will improve the final product.Alas,there are also several big differences between the bills that will not be easy to reconcile. The most controversial involves the creation of a government-run insurer(or“public option”),a shibboleth of the political left.The House bill has a weak version of a public option,but the Senate bill lacks one altogether.Howard Dean,a former presidential candidate and leading leftist, argues that the whole reform effort is thus a sham and should be scrapped.Yet all conservatives and many moderates,especially in the Senate,say they will not vote for any final bill that contains a public option.Another big difference is in how the two bills pay for the expansion of coverage.The likely final cost is around$900billion over the next decade,a limit imposed by Mr Obama.The House version soaks the rich with a5.4%income surtax on individuals making more than$500,000.That proposal was deeply unpopular in the Senate,which chose instead to impose a40%tax on the most generous health-insurance plans.The most difficult rift may be over abortion.The House bill contains a severe clause that makes it impossible for insurers that accept federal subsidies to offer abortion cover at all.The Senate bill allows insurers to do this,but forces patients receiving subsidies to write separate cheques for abortion cover.21.From the first paragraph,which of the following about Ronald Reagan is true?[A]Ronald Reagan is one of the presidents who tried to expand health-care coverage to all Americans.[B]Ronald Reagan believed that the socialised medicine is a bad idea for American people.[C]Ronald Reagan argued that expanding the health-care coverage will threat the base of the freedom in American society.[D]Ronald Reagan holds the idea that government shouldn’t care too much about the health-care.22.Which of the following cannot be inferred?[A]The health-reform law was killed by the Senate.[B]The Democrats successfully overcome Republican procedural obstacles.[C]Both chambers separately passed the law before the holiday.[D]Obama hoped to sign the law before the state-of-union message.23.Which is not the common feature shared by the two bills?[A]The insurers must provide the insurance for the people in the bad health condition.[B]Government will offer subsidies for the poor people to buy insurance.[C]Severely regulated insurance exchanges should be set up.[D]Both need a third party to carry out the payment reform.24.Who is the firm supporter of the public option?[A]The White House[B]The Senate[C]Conservatives and moderates[D]The political left25.Which of the following about the regulation to abortion is correct from the last paragraph?[A]The insurers receiving subsidies from government can insure the abortion for the insured receiving subsidies from government according to the House bill.[B]The insurers receiving subsidies may cover the abortion bill for the insured not receiving subsidies from government according to the House bill.[C]The insurers receiving subsidies from government can insure the abortion for the insured receiving subsidies from government according to the Senate bill.[D]The insurers receiving subsidies from government may not cover the abortion bill for the insured receiving subsidies from government according to the senate bill.Text2Humans are unlikely to win the animal kingdom’s prize for fastest,strongest or largest,but we are world champions at understanding one another.This interpersonal prowess is fueled,at least in part,by empathy:our tendency to care about and share other people’s emotional experiences.Empathy is a cornerstone of human behavior and has long been considered innate.A forthcoming study,however,challenges this assumption by demonstrating that empathy levels have been declining over the past30years.The research,led by Sara H.Konrath of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and published online in August in Personality and Social Psychology Review,found that college students’self-reported empathy has declined since1980,with an especially steep drop in the past 10years.To make matters worse,during this same period students’self-reported narcissism has reached new heights,according to research by Jean M.Twenge,a psychologist at San Diego State University.An individual’s empathy can be assessed in many ways,but one of the most popular is simply asking people what they think of themselves.The Interpersonal Reactivity Index,a well-known questionnaire,taps empathy by asking whether responders agree to statements such as “I often have tender,concerned feelings for people less fortunate than me”and“I try to look at everybody’s side of a disagreement before I make a decision.”People vary a great deal in how empathic they consider themselves.Moreover,research confirms that the people who say they are empathic actually demonstrate empathy in discernible ways,ranging from mimicking others’postures to helping people in need(for example,offering to take notes for a sick fellow student).Since the creation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in1979,tens of thousands of students have filled out this questionnaire while participating in studies examining everything from neural responses to others’pain to levels of social conservatism.Konrath and her colleagues took advantage of this wealth of data by collating self-reported empathy scores of nearly14,000 students.She then used a technique known as cross-temporal meta-analysis to measure whether scores have changed over the years.The results were startling:almost75percent of students today rate themselves as less empathic than the average student30years ago.This information seems to conflict with studies suggesting that empathy is a trait people are born with.For example,in a2007study Yale University developmental psychologists found that six-month-old infants demonstrate an affinity for empathic behavior,preferring simple dolls they have seen helping others over visually similar bullies.And investigators at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig have shown that even when given no incentive, toddlers help experimenters and share rewards with others.Empathic behavior is not confined to humans or even to primates.In a recent study mice reacted more strongly to painful stimuli when they saw another mouse suffering,suggesting that they“share”the pain of their cage mates.But the new finding that empathy is on the decline indicates that even when a trait is hardwired,social context can exert a profound effect,changing even our most basic emotional responses.Precisely what is sapping young people of their natural impulse to feel for others remains mysterious,however,because scientists cannot design a study to evaluate changes that occurred in the past.As Twenge puts it,“you can’t randomly assign people to a generation.”26.Which of the following sentence is right according to the first two paragraphs?[A]Empathy is the only advantage human beings have competing with other animals.[B]Having empathy is the biggest difference between human beings and other animals.[C]College students of1980s reported higher empathy levels than college students today.[D]Narcissism is one reason for students’lower level of empathy today.27.Which is the measure used to assess an individual’s empathy?[A]To answer a questionnaire.[B]To do the psychological quiz.[C]To chat freely with an individual.[D]To ask an individual whether he would like to take notes for his classmates.28.What can be inferred from the paragraph5?[A]Six-month-old infants love simpler dolls to complicated ones.[B]Reward is the reason for toddlers to help experimenters.[C]Though empathy may not confine to humans,not all primates have empathy.[D]Mice have empathy as well as human beings.29.What can be indicated from the new finding?[A]Social context plays a positive role in changing our emotional responses.[B]The main element decreasing young people’s empathy is the social environment.[C]The changes happened in the past do exert profound effect to the people’s level of empathy.[D]The reason for the declining empathy level of young people is still unclear.30.What is the main idea of the passage?[A]A recent study finds a decline in empathy among young people[B]Young people are becoming more and more indifferent to each other during the last30years.[C]Empathy is the cornerstone of human behavior.[D]The changing society is the cause of the declining empathy among young people.Text3If you are looking for a way out,don’t forget the way you came in.For private-equity firms that want to sell portfolio companies,there are three big exit routes:an initial public offering (IPO),a sale to a trade buyer,or a sale to another private-equity firm(also known as a“secondary buy-out”).Market volatility has led private-equity firms to cancel several IPOs this year,among them New Look and Matalan,two British retailers,and Travelport,an American travel company. Sales to trade buyers continue to tick over.But the real activity has been in the secondary market.According to Preqin,a research firm,there have been$3.9billion-worth of secondary buy-outs so far in2010,compared with$5.9billion in all of2009.To date,the biggest deal of 2010is a secondary buy-out,Bridgepoint’s sale of Pets at Home,a British pet-shop chain,to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts for£955m($1.5billion).On February23rd3i added to the list by agreeing to sell Ambea,a Scandinavian health-care firm,to Triton for€850m($1.2billion).Secondary buy-outs are a neat solution to two of the industry’s big headaches.Sellers need to demonstrate decent returns to investors,especially if they are planning new fund-raising rounds. Buyers are under pressure to invest their capital after lacklustre activity over the past two years. Earlier this month,for example,BC Partners fought off Lion Capital and Bridgepoint to buy Spotless,a French household-products company,from AXA Private Equity.A year ago its€5.9 billion,2005vintage fund was said to be only50%invested.At least two-thirds of its capital typically needs to be invested in the first five years of a fund’s life.The Spotless deal allowed BC Partners to invest nearly€300m in equity.A private-equity house with lots of capital left in its fund runs the risk of losing out on future commitments,as investors doubt its ability to put their money to good use.Any capital not invested is returned to the fund investors and the buy-out house forgoes management fees on the uninvested capital.This pressure to invest is particularly great for megafunds that are sitting on billions of dollars raised before the financial crisis.These may explain why European secondary buy-outs have pulled in more than four times as much as trade sales in the past month,and why their average price-tags are higher.According to mergermarket,a research firm,the average value of European secondary buy-outs over the past six months has been€167m,compared with an average value of€114m for trade deals.Raising finance for secondary deals is easier,too,since companies have already been pored over by lenders.“There is arguably less risk involved if the banks are already familiar with the asset;they are more willing to keep lending if there has been no bad news,”says Sylvain Berger-Duquene of Montagu Private Equity.How well investors are being served by secondary buy-outs is less clear.“Fund investors are not always impressed if their money is reinvested in the same asset through a different one of their funds,”points out Chris Masek,managing partner of IK Investment Partners.Far from coercing private-equity houses to sell rashly and make modest returns,some fund investors have even been trying to negotiate longer holding periods.Buyers are just as vulnerable to getting the price wrong. True,Providence Equity Partners opted on February23rd for an IPO of Kabel Deutschland,a German cable-television firm,after bids from private-equity suitors disappointed.But the risk of overpayment in a secondary buy-out is great.Once a business has been spruced up by one owner,there should be less value to be created by the next.31.What does the line1paragraph1mean?[A]Having a good memory is critical in finding the way out.[B]The former owner is the best buyer.[C]You can sell your company to your competitors for a high price.[D]Sell portfolio companies to the buyer like yourself.32.What does the word“lacklustre”mean in line3paragraph3?[A]dull[B]colorful[C]dramatic[D]successful33.Which is not the reason that a private-equity house has the pressure to invest?[A]It has the risk of losing out on future commitment.[B]The capital not invested will be returned to the fund investors.[C]It raised too huge a sum of the funds.[D]The average price tag of secondary buy-outs is becoming higher.34.Which is correct according to the passage?[A]Bank prefers lending money to the familiar private-equity firms.[B]Secondary buy-out may not be good news for the investors.[C]Fund investors tend to sell the asset at a modest price.[D]The potential buyers are disappointed by the bid from the owner of Kabel Deutschland.35.Which is the best title for the passage?[A]Private-equity Companies Look to Each Other to Solve Their Problems.[B]The New Trend of Secondary Buy-out.[C]A Win-Win Solution to Private-equity Companies and Investors.[D]Who Will Buy the Bill?Text4On a narrow street of modest bungalows in south-western Atlanta,Walter L.Parks Middle School stands out:a broad,white building of unmistakably institutional appearance in a district of wood-panelled and redbrick domesticity.Parks stands out for another,sadder reason,too.A statewide review of standardised tests taken by pupils in Georgia’s state schools in the spring of 2009found that widespread cheating may have occurred in191elementary and middle schools in Georgia—including69%of such schools in Atlanta.The review,which looked for unusually high numbers of wrong-to-right erasure marks,pointed the finger at nearly90%of Parks’s classrooms—more than in any other school in the state.By themselves,of course,the numbers prove nothing,but the number of changed answers isstriking.The average number of wrong-to-right changes per test was around two.Some classrooms showed tests with13times as many.The company that carried out the analysis flagged all classrooms that showed a number of wrong-to-right erasures exceeding three standard deviations from the mean.The probability of that happening without manipulation is one-tenth of one per cent.All this comes after years of solid improvement in Georgia’s public schools.In2005,83%, 80%and68%of the state’s eighth-grade(roughly,13-year-old)pupils passed reading, language-arts and maths tests;by2009,those numbers had risen to93%,92%and70%.In Atlanta, students’scores improved in all grades and subjects for eight years continuously to2008.Kathy Cox and Beverly Hall,the school superintendents of Georgia and Atlanta,have won praise for improving test scores and graduation rates.But in200913teachers in Georgia were punished for cheating,including the principal and assistant principal at one elementary school.They changed answers on completed tests for fear that otherwise their school would not make“adequate yearly progress”,as required by the federal No Child Left Behind(NCLB)law.A school that fails to do so for two years running must offer pupils the opportunity to transfer to better schools.Teachers and administrators can be fired,and the school can be taken over by the state.And therein,say many education specialists,lies the problem:the immense weight that NCLB places on a single test.Teachers spend an increasing amount of time“teaching to the test”, because they know the results may determine their futures.A study of the Chicago school system conducted for Harvard’s Kennedy School found that the more weight given to tests,the more likely alteration becomes.Verdaillia Turner,who heads Georgia’s and Atlanta’s teachers’unions, complains that the tests have turned teachers into“little robots.The best and brightest do not go into teaching any more.”This may change:Barack Obama and Arne Duncan,the education secretary,have long been frowning upon NCLB.This week Mr Obama noted that11states had lowered their standards to give an illusion of students’progress.A consortium of48states(Texas and Alaska sat out)has been drafting a set of common standards in maths and reading,and Mr Obama has announced that states will have to adopt higher ones if they want more federal funds.Money is a great motivator.36.Why does the author describe the scene of a street in south-western Atlanta?[A]To introduce the event.[B]To emphasis the place where the event happened.[C]To create the mysterious air.[D]It is the requirement of the style.37.What does the word“flagged”in line3paragraph2mean?[A]Punished[B]Shut down[C]Marked[D]Detected38.Which is the main reason for the widespread cheating?[A]Cheating is popular among the students.[B]The scores of the students determine the future of the teachers and administrators.[C]Talents do not go into teaching.[D]The No Child Left behind law.39.What is the attitude of Barack Obama to the NCLB?[A]Supportive[B]Critical[C]Indifferent[D]Skeptical40.Where does the passage probably come from?[A]Fiction[B]Biography[C]Commercial[D]NewspaperReading Part BDirection:You are going to read a list of subheading and a text.Choose the most suitable subheading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.(10points)[A]Mark the headway[B]Celebrate the little wins[C]Exercise is like an investment[D]Make good choices[E]Cut down your choices[F]Allow yourself occasional luxuries[G]Use visual reminders to stay on focusPersonal Finance Advice Applied to Fitness and HealthWith the New Year upon us and the resolutions starting to fly around,I’m planning my annual fitness goals.As I review my plans for last year,I am also looking at my personal finance goals and I see some potential to apply personal finance principles to my fitness and health goals. Here are some personal finance principles which can be used in your fitness and health goals.41.I often use a“progress bar”to keep tabs on my progress towards various goals.As I save a certain amount,I fill in a bit of progress bar;after I lose a pound,I fill in a bit of another bar.This tool really helps me to see how every little bit contributes to a bigger goal.A progress sheetprovides you with a good opportunity to celebrate the little wins along the way to meet your fitness goal.Achieving and celebrating the little goals will help keep you motivated to reach the big goal.42.With personal finance,I often use images of specific goals to motivate myself—for a long time,I use a picture of a house to keep on track.With dieting,I used a photograph taken of me at my heaviest—every time I see it,I feel sad and it builds my resolve to stay on task with my dieting choices.Such indications are a key part to any goal:something you can focus on to help you reach your goal.43.When you’re focused on improving your personal finance,all of the little decisions you make each day contribute to good personal financial health.If you decide to skip that mocha at Starbucks and drink a bottle of water,you’re making a solid choice towards good financial health. In fitness,you can apply this same principle.This usually means thinking about and researching the moves you make.I’ve started investigating the nutritional content of food more carefully, entering into a new healthy relationship with food.I’m also learning to cut down a bit on the excesses.Sounds like good financial planning,doesn’t it?44.My real weaknesses for food are twofold:big,monstrous,juicy hamburgers and Ben and Jerry’s American Dream ice cream.I allow myself one or the other once a week now and avoid the temptation for the rest,knowing that I will either have a grilled burger on Saturday evening or some delicious ice cream on Sunday.This is very similar to how I plan and prepare for frivolous purchases—I plan ahead for them and am thus much more able to behave well knowing that I’m doing it the right way.45.Not only do you get the immediate benefit of dropped calories,but you get the“interest”of being in better condition when you need it.What you devote to exercise doesn’t always pay off immediately,but if you’re thinking long term on your investment you will see the return in weight loss,better sleep,and a more robust life.46.Translation(15points)There is no better time than today to go outside and enjoy nature.We don’t live near the mountains,but it doesn’t mean we can’t find places to hike.One of the major benefits of hiking is that it delivers almost immediate rewards.Hiking is a great way to start exercising.Start with easy hikes and work up to harder hikes that work your legs more.Additionally,it’s pretty cheap.According to the American Hiking Society,hiking delivers a remarkable range of health benefit with comparatively few risks.By using hiking as a way to stay physically active,you can lower your risk of heart disease and a stroke,improve your blood pressure and blood sugar levels, control your weight,and even lighten your mood.47.Directions:。

2018年考研英语二真题与解答

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17____ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18_ _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___ 19____ it is worth the endeavor. ―Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C.regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11.A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13.A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15.A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16.A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17.A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18.A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19.A. how B. why C. where D. whether20.A.limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or[ D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education―have that stereotype ...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,‖ he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluinghe only thing the Americanof anything less –misses an important point: That’s not teconomy needs. Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek'sManchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorizetion22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of theclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable world’s energy supply, it’ssources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources goingon line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses t o fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message d id not play well with many in Iowa,electricity where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s generation –and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question ―what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t s has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage shine?‖　capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does –or doesn’t do –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word ―plummeting‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to______.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.A. wind is a widely used energy source.B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physicalproduct at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’　friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the dealwent through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, t he knowledge ofwho sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records ofwhich customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of changewithin the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for itsA. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law ______.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.A. a win- win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of ―deep work‖,—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or journalistic‖ approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can taking a ―throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.constant interruptions Newport also recommends ― deep scheduling‖ to combatand get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, authorof Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such alist canreap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, ― be lazy.‖― Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable toparadoxically, necessary tobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is,getting any work done, ‖he argues.Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused a nd unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.―What people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain‖, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that____.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.and unfocused______.39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focusedA. can result in .Psychological will-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC. is aimed at a better balance in workD. is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the ―me too‖ｓF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new peopleat work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with themwill form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start aconversation with strangers.41.__________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within- this is something the mostly happens withyou says ―I want to talk with this person‖all of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. Itfeels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get itout.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.do the best you can to gather all of theSo keep it simple: ―Hi‖, ―Hey‖ or ―Hello‖——enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say ―Hi‖．42.____________________the person that you want It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time withto talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of ―hi‖, ―hello‖, ―how are you‖going on?‖ you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surpris to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the thingswhich you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation,from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward,you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy ontheir phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response ―I can MuSo when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after sometime you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like,the thing they hate - whatever you talk aboutWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship goingThat's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Writeyour translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks ―astronaut ‖　but quickly adds ―scientist ‖　to the list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore asmany career paths as he likes. And so he reads ——everything from encyclopaedias toscience fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a―no reading policy ‖ at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn ’t stopped reading yet ——not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading A. be present41. B. just say it42. C. ask for an opinion43. D. name, places, things44. E. find the "me too"s45. F. pay a unique complimentG.skip the small talkmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world woks.Gates say.―Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,‖——Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation;2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name,use ―Li Ming‖ instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)答案解析1、【答案】[B] resolve【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2018年会计硕士（MPAcc）联考英语二模拟题附答案PartⅠClose testDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. （10points）An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality 1 our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are 2 .Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, 3 being seen. There is a type of authority which can be 4 from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. 5 there is movement and action, the true leaders is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend;the 6 for anecdotes, whether true or 7 character. One of the simplest devices is to be absent 8 the occasion when the leader might be 9 to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital business 10 has detained him. To 11 up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display 12 things which other folks might 13 as trivial. With this gift for 14 curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is 15 in other people he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all 16 is relevant. He never leaves a party 17 he has mentally field a minimum dossier(档案) on 18 present， ensuring that he knows 19 to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen 20 talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.1. A. in B. beyond C.under D. of2. A. united B. dragged C.drawn D. hauled3. A. at B. in C.about D. on4. A. looked B. recognized C.exercised D. respected5. A. Where B. Though C. Because D. When6. A. minor role B. subject C. joke D. supplement7. A. incorrect B. wrong C.false D. bad8. A. in B. on C.at D. under9. A. refused B. suspected C.expelled D. expected10. A. which B. when C.what D. where11. A. take B. make C.come D. give12. A. on B. in C.about D. at13. A. look B. think C.view D. deal14. A. decreasing B. possessing C.inspiring D. urging15. A. directly B. obscurely C.scarcely D. plainly16. A. which B. that C.what D. one17. A. after B. when C.until D. before18. A. someone B. everyone C. men D. one19. A. when B. where C. which D. what20. A. and B. or C.than D. butPartⅡReading ComprehensionSectionADirections: There are 4 passages in this part .Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Passage OneAs any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children’s IQscores,” Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is. ”The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings. Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and theyoungest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,” says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are that it’s the middle child. ” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,”Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event. ”21. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to .A. show the relationship between parents and childrenB. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC. report on the findings of a studyD. give information about family problems22. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because .A. they are busy serving food to their childrenB. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC. they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family23. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children .A. have to help their parents to serve dinnerB. get the least attention from the familyC. are often kept away from the dinner tableD. find it hard to keep up with other children24. Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question .A. why TV is important in family lifeB. why parents should keep good orderC. why children in small families seem to be quieterD. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life25. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?A. It is important to have the right food for children.B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinnerPassage TwoTaiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat (诈骗). Either way, it could be the perfect crime (犯罪), because the criminals are birds-horning pigeons!The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: if you want the car back, pay up then. The car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off.There have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind-one that avoids (避免)not only collecting money but going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has played a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car-owner to place an ad (启事) in the newspaper asking for help.The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanesedollars-seems too little for a car worth many times more.Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal. “We have more important things to do,” he said.26. After the car owner received a phone call, he .A. went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carriedB. gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a parkC. sent some money to the thief by mailD. told the press about it27. The “lazier and more inventive” criminal refers to . A. the car thief who stays at homeB. one of those who put the ads in the paperC. one of the policemen in ChangwaD. the owner of the pigeons28. The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned” to show . A. how easily people get fooled by criminals B. what Chen thinks might be correct C. the thief is extremely clever D. the money paid is too little29. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to . A. criminals B. pigeonsC. the stolen carsD. demands for money30. We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because . A. he reads the ads in the newspaper B. he lives in the sameneighborhood C. he has seen the car owners in the park D. he has trained the pigeons to follow them Passage ThreeLast August, Joe and Mary Mahoney began looking at colleges for their 17-year-old daughter,Maureen. With a checklist of criteria in hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half a dozen schools. They sought a university that offered the teenager’s intended major, one located near a large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe.“The safety issue is a big one,” says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn’t alone in his worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: what about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer-“That’s not a problem here,” Mahoney began to feel uneasy.“No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “I just don’t buy it. ” Nor should he: in 1999 the U. S. Department of Education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. “Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college,” says David Nichols, author of Creating a Safe Campus. “Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation. ”But getting accurate information isn’t easy. Colleges must report crime statistics by law, but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones looking dangerous. “The truth may not always be obvious,” warns S. Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc, the nation’s leading campus safety watchdog group.To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country to find out major crime issues and effective solutions.31. The Mahoneys visited quite a few colleges last August .A. to express the opinions of many parentsB. to choose a right one for their daughterC. to check the cost of college educationD. to find a right one near a large city32. It is often difficult to get correct information on campus crime because some colleges .A. receive too many visitorsB. mirror the rest of the nationC. hide the truth of campus crimeD. have too many watchdog groups33. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means .A. mindB. admitC. believeD. expect34. We learn from the text that “the honest ones” in the fourth paragraph most probably refers to colleges .A. that are protected by campus securityB. that report campus crime by lawC. that are free from campus crimeD. that enjoy very good publicity35. What is the text mainly about?A. Exact campus crime statistics.B. Crimes on or around campuses.C. Effective solutions to campus crime.D. Concerns about kids’ campus safety.Passage FourOne of Britain’s bravest women told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected (可疑的) police killer David Bieber—and was thanked with flowers by the police. It was also said that she could be in line for a share of up to the ￡30,000 reward money.Vicki Brown, 30, played a very important role in ending the nationwide manhunt. Vicki, who has worked at the Royal Hotel for four years, told of her terrible experience when she had to steal into Biebe’s bedroom and to watch him secretly. Then she waited alone for three hours while armed police prepared to storm the building.She said: “I was very nervous. But when I opened the hotel door and saw 20 armed policemen lined up in the car park I was so glad they were there. ”The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious (怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year’s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face. She said: “He didn’t seem to want to talk too much and make any eye contact (接触). ” Vicki, the only employee on duty, called her boss Margaret, 64, and husband Stan McKale, 65, who phoned the police at 11 pm. Officers from Northumbria Police called Vicki at the hotel in Dunston, Gateshead, at about 11:30 pm to make sure that this was the wanted man. Then they kept in touch by phoning Vicki every 15 minutes.“It was about ten past two in the morning when the phone went again and a policeman said ’Would you go and make yourself known to the armed officers outside?’ My heart missed a beat. ”Vicki quietly showed eight armed officers through passages and staircases to the top floor room and handed over the key.“I realized that my bedroom window overlooks that part of the hotel, so I went to watch. I could not see into the man’s room, but I could see the passage. The police kept shouting at the man to come out with his hands showing. Then suddenlyhe must have come out because they shouted for him to lie down while he was handcuffed (带上手铐). ”36. The underlined phrase “be in line for” (paragraph 1) means .A. getB. be paidC. ask forD. own37. Vicki became suspicious of David Bieber because .A. the police called herB. he looked very strangeC. he came to the hotel with little luggageD. he came to the hotel the day before New Year’s Eve38. Vicki’s heart missed a beat because .A. the phone went againB. she would be famousC. the policemen had already arrivedD. she saw 20 policemen in the car park39. David Bieber was most probably handcuffed in .A. the passageB. the man’s roomC. Vicki’s bedroomD. the top floor room40. The whole event probably lasted about hours from the moment Bieber came to the hotel to the arrival of some armed officers.A. 6B. 8C. 11D. 14SectionBDirections：In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.（10points）Researchers have found that drugs used to treat human seizures can delay aging in worms by as much as 50 percent. The roundworms used for the study are similar to humans in their molecular makeup, raising thepossibility that the drugs could also extend the life span of humans.41“By finding a class of drugs that delays aging we have found a relationship between the function of the nervous system and aging that was not well understood, ”said Kerry Komfeld, a geneticist at the WashingtonUniversity School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Science.The discovery came out of the thesis work by one of Komfeld’s graduate students, Kimberley Evason. About four years ago, Evason began exposing groups of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to commercially available drugs to see if the drugs would delay aging or promote longevity.42Over eight months the scientists tested 20 drugs, all with negative results. Finally they tested the anticonvulsant drug ethosuzimide. Researchers found that the drug extended the life span of roundworms from 16. 7 days to 19. 6 days, a 17 percent increase.43The discovery that the drugs extend the life span of roundworms could have importantimplications fox human aging as well. There are strong similarities on the molecular level between the proteins and genes that constitute the worm and those that make up other animals, including humans.“Many basic processes are highly related, including neural function, insulin signaling, and probably important aspects of the aging process, ” Komfeld said. “There’s every reason to think that these animals an a good model for higher animals, such as people. ”44Ethosuzimide, which was developed in the 1950s, is commonly used to treat epilepsy, though it is no known precisely how the drug controls convulsions. There is no anecdotal evidence that it has had an anti-aglng effect in people. The next step, Komfeld says, is to test if the drugs have an anti-aging effect on animal like flies and mice.Very little is known about the aging process. From genetic analysis, researchers have found that an in sulin-like signaling system regulates aging and longevity.A good diet can delay aging and extend a person life span. But scientists know virtually nothing about the effect of drugs on aging. “It’s a big void, ” Konfeld said.In addition to delaying age-related degenerative changes, the drugs also increased neuromuscular activty, suggesting a link between the neuromuscular system and the aging process.45There may also be other targets not yet explored that affect aging and neuromuscular function. Said Kornfeld: “The process of aging remains mysterious. ”A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said.B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long.D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging.F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced.G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”PartⅢ TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.（15points）Last Sunday，China’s central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said if necessary，the nation will consider widening the yuan’s trading band.But any change in the yuan’s floating band will depend on the global economic situation and it’s not the only tool the country would use to make its currency more flexible，Zhou said at the Group of 20 meeting in Cape Town，South Africa.China widened the yuan’s daily trading band against the U.S. dollar from plus or minus 0. 3 percent to 0. 5 percent in May.However，market observers said some commercial banks are ordered by the central bank to hand in reserve requirements in foreign currencies next week，which will translate into demand for the U.S. dollar. This will somehow help slow down RMB’S appreciation against the greenback in the coming few days.PartⅣ WritingSection ADirections: Write a letter of application for the position an Director of a Computer-Aided Learning Center. Try to make the letter interesting and show that you have enthusiasm for the job.Also state the qualifications you have for the job and your work experience. （10points）Section BDirections：Study the following pie chart carefully and write an essay based on the tips:(1) Describe the picture.(2) Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.(3) Give your opinions or advice.You should write at least 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET. （15points）PartⅠClose test1. ［答案］B［解析］本题测试词义搭配。