GMAT语法总结 (1)

第一章：句子结构(一划句子结构)

一、名词性从句：

一）主语从句：it may (well) be that + 主从; it be +adj./ed/n. + that + 主从; it seem/happen/appear + that + 主从

二） 宾语从句：动词型：that 不能省略/ 介词型：介词后只能接疑问词引导的宾语从句(除in that, except that, but that)

三）表语从句：主语+be+that 从句/疑问词型从句

二、特殊结构：

一）强调：it is…that …; it is not until…that…;many n…..,if not most, do sth; n. is as…as…, if not more so.

二）倒装：

三）as 结构：

Prep.: accept/ classify/ define/ describe/ know/ name/ refer to/ regard/ speak of/ state/ think/ think of/ view as n. Conj.: (just) as …, 主句; (just) as …, so 主句; (just) as …, so too 主句(部分倒装);

Pron.: 代替单主句 (e.g. indirect socialization also occurs, as when television shows reinforce stereotyped images)

四）同位结构：同位语，主语…（一定要一致）

● 解释：n.,n.; a n., n.; n., a n.; the n., n.;

● 内容具体化：抽象n.(theory/ evidence/ belief/ principle/hypothesis) + that 从句 (that 不能省略);of 表示所属关

系，强调部分概念。

● 概括：a n. (program/ information/ effort/ practice) that

● 修饰：n., n. that 从句

● 代词：n., one/ones + that 从句

五）独立主格：(with/each) + n./ ed/ ing/ adj.phrase/ prep.phrase （注意each 后接单数its 非their ）

六）省略结构：V .+that

两个句子并列，第一个含有be 作为助动词或become ，第二个句子中的be 或become 必须省略。

七）否定结构：

Is not A, but B; not A, but rather B; is A, rather than B; is A, not B.

八）时态

练习：

1. Ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight.

2. Quasars are believed to be the cores of galaxies in an early stage of development.

3. while some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change people’s

attitudes toward pirating, others suggest reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others are calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.

4. South Korea’s church membership is expanding by 6.6.% a year, fully two -thirds of the growth coming from conversions rather than increases in the population.

5. Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost 51 million dollars.

6. Many writers of modern English have acquired careless habits that damage the clarity of their prose, but they can break these habits if they are willing to take the necessary trouble.

7. Dozens of New York’s small museums are devoted to either local history or various ethnic groups, and there are also many one-of-a-kind museums from Manhattan to the Bronx that are open for exploration on summer weekends. 8. The administration, worried over the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exports to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness. 9. In terms of physics, the characteristic feature of the roller coaster is that the potential energy of the cars, gained as a Often visible as smog, Conj. Two major pollutants emitted by automobiles

Conj.

Conversions 与 increases 形势对称，increases 强调增加本身，increasing 强调动作

Hope: ,it is hoped, 作插入语；it is hoped that+从句

They 优先代指从句主语

独立主格: (with/each)+ n./ ed/ ing/ adj.phrase/ prep.phrase

Worry+about/over Cars ’ potential energy 错