2020届闵行区高考英语二模(完整版)
上海市闵行(松江)区2020年高考教学质量检测(二模)英语试题及答案(word版)
闵行、松江区2020-2020学年第二学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2020.4 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He will review 2 more lessons. B. He will study the other 20 lessons.C. He will go over the 13 lessons.D. He will study all the 15 lessons.2. A. His injury kept him at home. B. He didn’t think it necessary.C. He was too weak to see the doctor.D. He failed to make an appointment.3. A. The post office. B. Monroe Street.C. The courthouse.D. Fourth Avenue.4. A. Disappointed. B. Approving. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.5. A. He played his part quite well. B. He was not dramatic enough.C. He performed better than the secretary.D. He exaggerated his part.6. A. He wrote a book about great restaurants.B. He always makes reservations for dinner.C. He read a book while he was eating dinner.D. He always finds good places to eat.7. A. He is afraid he won’t be chosen for th e trip.B. The boss has not decided where to go.C. Such a trip is necessary for the company.D. It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.8. A. It’s too expensive to get the apartment furnished.B. The furniture he bought was very cheap.C. The apartment was provided with some old furniture.D. It’s hard to find proper furniture for his apartment.9. A. She is intended to work for the school newspaper.B. The man can spare some time reading school newspaper.C. The man has a very tight schedule.D. The man should have taken more than five classes.10. A. Whether the meeting is certainly to be held on Monday.B. What bad news will be talked about at the meeting.C. What they are going to discuss at the meeting.D. Where the meeting is to be held.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Appropriateness of the programs. B. The operation of national programs.C. The incomes of the corporation.D. The welfare of the staff.12. A. By donations from the public. B. By selling its programs.C. By selling broadcasting devices.D. By getting support from the royals.13. A. Its humorous styles. B. The richness of its programs.C. Famous news announcers.D. Its neutral views on news.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Social progress and individual development.B. Human behaviors and social changes.C. General concepts about psychology and sociology.D. Relationship between cultures and human behaviors.15. A. What is the role of religion or art in a society?B. What is the main reason for revolution in a society?C. What are the causes of antisocial behavior?D. Why does one society progress more rapidly than another?16. A. Both psychology and sociology study human behavior.B. Mental problems should be dealt with by a sociologist.C. Sociology is the study of group behavior.D. Psychology pays more attention to individuals than to groups.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It looks into opinions that people hold about old age.B. It is about how to keep healthy in old age.C. It investigates causes of old people’s unhappiness.D. It reveals the secret of living longer.18. A. Arise people’s awareness of caring for the old.B. Encourage people to be more responsible for the old.C. Help people change their feelings about old age.D. Ease people’s fear and anxiety about mental illness of the old.19. A. They are mostly among the 60-70 age group.B. They are mostly abandoned by their families.C. People do not become more lonely because of old age.D. People among any age group are not lonely at all.20. A. They are changing suddenly and completely at a particular age.B. It’s hard to recognize a person when he is turning old.C. Old people can’t deal with events and problems properly.D. People do not change in old age a lot more than in middle age.II. Grammar and VocabularySection AAunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to London to see (21)______ (late) foreign films. Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. “It isn’t the same,” she says. “For one thing, the screen’s too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!”However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)______ Aunt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recently—from Mother. “It may surprise you to learn that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young,”she told us. “She used to wait outside film studios all day, just (23)_______ (appear) in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they (24)______ (make). Therefore, she couldn’t go to see (25)______ in the film at the cinema!”“All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big chance came (26)______ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)______ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the sitting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)______ she could remember her words perfectly. And (29)______ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!”“Unfortunately, in the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film. But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasn’t in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)______ (go) to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day she has always gone alone!”Whether you’re trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo(班卓琴) song, you’re probably __31__ following the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, we’re taught using the “blocking” strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and again until we’ve mastered it, before __32__ to the next concept. But several n ew neurological(神经学的) __33__ show that an up and coming learning method called “interleaving” improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space out learning over a longer period of time, and it __34__ the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you __35__ it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to train your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple __36__ skills at once.Whether you’re trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(认知的) learning abilities, the key to __37__ how your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesn’t get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to __38__ focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memory instead.Interleaving doesn’t cut any corners, so your brain is always on __39__. Think of the difference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one __40__ over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It makes you faster and sharper.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ASince 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social __41__ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will __42__ in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to __43__ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly __44__ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?In the laboratory, chimps don’t __45__ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage wher e he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull __46__ --he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, __47__, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this __48__ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally __49__ in young children. One is that these __50__ appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave __51__. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence __52__ in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared withchimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the __53__ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can __54__ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) __55__ goal.41. A. structures B. policies C. behaviors D. responsibilities42. A. conflict B. cooperate C. offend D. negotiate43. A. trust B. contact C. isolate D. help44. A. decline B. manage C. attempt D. oblige45. A. curiously B. reluctantly C. naturally D. carelessly46. A. in turn B. at random C. with care D. in advance47. A. all in all B. as a result C. in no case D. on the other hand48. A. cooperativeness B. availability C. interrelationship D. attractiveness49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated50. A. attitudes B. instincts C. experiences D. coincidences51. A. creatively B. formally C. socially D. competitively52. A. develops B. decreases C. changes D. disappears53. A. abstract B. invisible C. imaginary D. physical54. A. infer B. adapt C. absorb D. balance55. A. realistic B. shared C. specific D. ambitiousSection B(A)If a driver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by thereduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubblesaccumulate(累积) in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thusthe name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, theconsequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer thisdecompression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, forexample. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.57. The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 ______.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it(B)How ever wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms ofmoney and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.60. According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ______.A. making more moneyB. taking more opportunitiesC. reducing missed opportunitiesD. weighing the choice of opportunities61. The “leftover money and time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ______.A. spared for watching the match at homeB. taken to have dinner with friendsC. spent on the way to and from the matchD. saved from not going to watch the match62. What are forgone opportunities?A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.D. Opportunities you make up for.(C)Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be lea st within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised(伪装的) shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream”, says Rosalind Cartwright, chai r of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, “If you don’t like it, change it”.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生) during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always thinkabout the emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at a ll unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake up in a panic”, Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that “dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat” in paragraph 1, the researchers mean that ______.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ______.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB. develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD. show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can learn to ______.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD. identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to ______.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeRhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat--and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodilyfunctions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it’s not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. __67__ Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.__68__ Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days” lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2℃to a pre-dawn low of 36.1℃, mental functions fall too. __69__The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts. __70__ Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.IV. Summary WritingQuiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damagedtheir relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. Success in creative professions like art or advertising calls for a balance between wild ideas and conscientiousness. Without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.V. Translation72. 请把这封信寄给负责售后服务的人。
【附20套高考模拟试题】上海市闵行区2020届高三下学期(二模)英语【文】试题含答案
上海市闵行区2020届高三下学期（二模）英语【文】试题第一部分（共20小题每，小题1.5分，满分30分）1．A teacher’s job is not to tell the students what to believe or value, but to ________ them to develop a worldview for themselves.A．urge B．equipC．persuade D．rank2．As is often the case, there are always some obstacles in the way，something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.A．to be got through B．got throughC．getting through D．having been got through3．—Peter has spent too much time on novels recently.—That may ____ his poor grade in the exam.A．account for B．answer forC．apply for D．stand for4．—Thank God I passed the interview yesterday. I was sweating heavily.—Me too. I ________ when I was sitting outside waiting.A．looked down my nose B．let my hair downC．had butterflies in my stomach D．chanced my arm5．---_____ should we look down upon the poor.---I’m with you on that.A．By all means B．By any means C．By means of D．By no means6．— There are no relative articles on the Internet.What shall we do?— My God！There are always not any useful articles when you want .A．one B．it C．that D．any7．Don’t throw away the old books．Give them to ____needs them．A．whoever B．anyone C．who D．whomever8．Various efforts ________ in the past decades to protect the environment.A．had made B．have madeC．were made D．have been made9．The art historians tried to figure out how the temple __________ when built around 15 B．C．A．might look B．might have looked C．must look D．must have looked10．He asked ______ for the computer.A．did I pay how muchB．I paid how muchC．how much did I payD．how much I paid11．The case shocked the public, a hot debate over human nature on the Intemet. A．causes B．caused C．causing D．to cause12．Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just ________sweet dreams.A．keep up with B．put up with C．end up with D．catch up with13．I wanted some more cold meat but there was _____ left.A．none B．no one C．any D．some14．There a slight decrease in his weight but he eats too much.A．was B．could have beenC．had been D．could be15．I’d never wondered before whether or not he was kid-friendly. With one glance, I quickly that he probably wasn’t.A．agreed B．reportedC．explained D．decided16．Professor Li ________ for his informative lecture, was warmly received by the students.A．known B．knowingC．having known D．to be known17．After he consulted with his professor，an idea was beginning to____________ in his mind.A．pay off B．take shapeC．work out D．make up18．It is not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony ______ really matters.A．which B．it C．what D．that19．The statement of One Foundation helps you ____ where your money is going．A．keep track of B．put up withC．come up with D．fit in with20．_______ many Chinese holidays are directed towards services remembering ancestors, the Ching Ming Festival is beyond doubt the largest.A．Unless B．SinceC．Once D．While第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2020年闵行第四中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案
2020年闵行第四中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AHubeiProvincehas long been a favorite Chinese tourist destination because of its natural scenery, historic cities, and beautiful mountains. Here are some of the best places to visit inHubeiProvince.YellowCraneTowerYellowCraneToweris known as one of the Three Famous Towers South of Yangtze River, together withYueyangTowerinHunanand Tengwang Pavilion inJiangxi. The history ofYellowCraneTowerdates back to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in Chinese history. The tower was used as a watchtower by the King of Wu's army in the beginning.Enshi Grand CanyonEnshi Grand Canyon can beChina's answer to the Grand Canyon inArizona, theUnited Statesin beauty. The canyon runs 108 kilometers and occupies a land area of 3,000 square kilometers. The region where Enshi Grand Canyon is located used to be a vast sea with many limestone deposits 230 million years ago.Shennongjia Scenic AreaIt is famous for its varied plant species as well as mountains. Regarded as the “Lungs of Central China", the forest coverage reaches over 90 percent of the area. Due to the special climate, it is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. Sometimes clouds stretch around mountains, rewarding tourists with unforgettable views. Besides, the area is home to some rare animals such as golden monkeys, white bears and antelope.The Three-Gorge Tribe scenic spotLocated in the area of the Xiling Gorge in the city ofYichang, it has the beauty of landscape paintings. The spot is a “ProtectedCenterof the Popular Culture and Art of the Three Gorges”. Since ancient times, a lot of famous scholars have produced a great number of excellent poems praising the beauty of this place, some of which are carved on the stones along theYangtze River.1. What is special aboutYellowCraneTower?A. It has a long history.B. It offers a scenic view.C. It once served war's purposes.D. It is the best-known tower inChina2. Why is the Grand Canyon inArizonamentioned ?A. To explain its popularity inChina.B. To help readers know more about it.C. To prove the beauty of the Chinese canyon.D. To show differences between the two canyons.3. Which place will a Chinese literature lover probably visit?A. Enshi Grand Canyon.B.YellowCraneTower.C. Shennongjia Scenic Area.D. TheThree-Gorge Tribe scenic spot.BSome years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl'sapproach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.4. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of lightB. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designersC. too much mathematical detail in the theoryD. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters5. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.A. the students who are major in mathematical geometryB. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systemsC. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designsD. those who are interested in physics6. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.A. indirect ways of learning mathematicsB. a fundamental power within the theoryC. the conceptual elegance of the theoryD. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems7. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.A. a review of a bookB. a chemistry textbookC. an optician's essayD. a general science textCIn the natural habitat, a binge-watcher is a strange sub-species of modern human beings. They are alone and are often found lying on their bed or sofa, still as a rock, looking searchingly into their laptop or at the TV. They rarely get up, only taking occasional breaks for those urgent calls of nature. Unlike so many others of their species, they don’t sleep at the end of every day. They stay up late and are often found to have red eyes.This, of course, is a little bit exaggerated, but for many of us, binge-watching a show is how we consume ourentertainment. With streaming services bringing seemingly endless content to the tips of our finger, creatorstailortheir shows to our needs and tastes, while their marketing team sells it to us as the next most bingeable show. I can’t help but wonder if this way of consuming television does us any good.We’re advised to get 7 to 8 hours of sleep per day, but staying up all night to finish shows like ‘Breaking Bad’ and ‘The Fall’, which Netflix says are binged the fastest, won’t result in 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep. Netflix’s CEO Richard Hastings told analysts at a conference, “Think about it… when you watch a show from Netflix and you get addicted to it, you stay up late at night. We’re competing with sleep.” And it isn’t only the amount of sleep we get; the quality matters too! A study published in the Journal for Clinical Sleep Medicine reported that those who binged television more often were found to have poorer sleep quality. The mental arousal we get from watching TV doesn’t lend itself to peaceful sleep.Besides, binging TV can cause weight gain. For every extra hour of TV watched, there was a 2% increase in the prevalence of obesity, according to a study conducted by Harvard that linked TV watching to obesity in children and adolescents.While it is true that there’s growing evidence that binging isn’t good for us, the results aren’t all hopeless. Binging, occasionally, might have some benefits. For many people, binging is a good way to socialize. It gives people something to talk about at parties and with their friends. Fans of popular shows often hold viewing parties where people can binge-watch shows together and then discuss what they just experienced! This interaction can create a sense of community for many.For others, binging might just be relaxing. After a long day, a few hours of Friends—still one of the most popular shows on any streaming platform—can ease the stress of a long day. A study followed 240 people through their binging and recorded their stress hormones. They noted for some people that their stress hormone levels decreased during their binging experience.With binging, there is not a “good” or “bad” answer. Like many things, the key is moderation. Watching TV can be relaxing, but only if it doesn’t stop you from exercising, taking care of your health, and fulfilling your social responsibilities.8. What does the underlined word “tailor” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Study.B. Sell.C. Adjust.D. Promote.9. What can we learn from the passage?A. The amount of sleep matters more than the quality.B. There’s no real harm in binge-watching a TV series.C. Binging may help keep stress hormone levels stable.D. Binge-watching may help increase social connections.10. What is the author’s attitude towards binge-watching?A. Supportive.B. Unconcerned.C. ObjectiveD. Doubtful.11. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Who Is to Blame for Binge-Watching?B. Is Binge-Watching Good or Bad for You?C. Is Binge-Watching Getting out of Control?D. HowDoes Binge-Watching Affect Your Life?DNewspapers in Great Britainvarygreatly in their ways of carrying the news. There are serious papers for those who want to know about important happenings everywhere, both at home and abroad. There are popular newspapers for those who prefer entertainment to information.The London newspaper that is best known outside Great Britain is probably the Times. It began in 1785, and has a high reputation for believable news and serious opinions on the news. It calls itself an independent paper, which means that it does not give its support to a particular political party. Its leading articles give the opinions of the editors, not those of the owners of the paper.Letters to the editor are printed in the newspaper. These parts of the Times are always interesting. Most of the letters are serious subjects. But from time to time there will be long letters on the subject which is not at all serious, perhaps on a new fashion of dress, or the bad manners of the young people, compared with manners of thirty years ago.12. If you want to get pleasure, please buy yourself _________.A. a serious newspaperB. foreign newspaperC. any independent paperD. a popular newspaper13. The Times has been famous to outside Great Britain for ________ years.A. 19B. 85C. 236D. 22914. The Times is an independent paper because ________.A. it supports no political partiesB. it is not controlled by the British GovernmentC. it gives special support to all the political parties.D. the editor’s opinions are not examined by the owners of the paper15. The underlined word “vary” in the passage probably means “_________”.A. improveB. compete with each otherC. are differentD. keep in touch with each other第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析
2020年上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AArtificial intelligence (Al) is practically everywhere today. There are so many products out there which use Al. Some are being developed, some are already in use, and some failed and are being improved, so it’s very difficult to name a few of them and regard them as the best.ViIt is an Al personal trainer which is mainly concerned with fitness and coaching. It, however, requires the use of bio-sensing earphones and other fitness tracking equipment! It can play your favourite music while you work out and all you have to worry about is the exercise you're doing.Deep TextDo you ever wonder how an ad appears suddenly just when you are looking for something similar? This is because of Deep Text. It uses real-time consumer information to produce data which in turn is used to target consumers. Thus, if you search online for flight tickets fromBangaloretoDelhi, it is very likely that an ad relating to hotels inDelhiwill soon follow.Hello EggIf you live alone and miss your mother because you always miss your breakfast or don’t know what to eat for dinner, then Hello Egg is exactly what you are looking for. A very healthy choice of the 2-minute noodles and oats, Hello Egg provides you with a detailed weekly meal plan about the needs of your body. It is truly a modern AI-powered home cooking tool for the young.WordsmithYou can put Mr. Smith into your Microsoft Excel using their free API, and let it write up detailed analysis of the stories behind your numbers. It can produce detailed reports on thousands of pages of spreadsheets in seconds.1. What can we learn about Vi from the text?A. It is an AI music player.B. It is a bio-sensing earphone.C. It doesn't work without bio-sensing earphones.D. It can make you more energetic while you work out.2. Which can help you improve cooking skill?A. Deep Text.B. Vi.C. Wordsmith.D. Hello Egg.3. What can Wordsmith do for us?A. Produce a detailed report.B. Provide us with a detailed meal plan.C. Book a ticket ahead of time.D. Offer us information on hotels for traveling.BMy sister Alice and I have been trying to get people tostop dropping cigarette（香烟）butts（烟头）for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）”written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups inAmerica.Now there even groups inEngland,Australia, andIndia! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.One day, it will be.4. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?A. They made the town smelly.B. They made the town unhealthy.C. They made the town dirty.D. They made the town poor.5. What does the writer do with the cigarette butts?A. Give ashtrays to the smokers.B. Stop people buying cigarettes.C. Pick up the cigarette butts.D. Win prizes for starting groups.6. From the passage we can know that _____.A. no companies wanted to give money to themB. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner placeC. There are only 45”No Butts About It”D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes27. Which is the best tittle for the passage?A. Save our Town From Cigarette Butts.B. Buy Yourself An Ashtray.C. Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries.D. No Butts Prize.CWho is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color1 or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published bySciencefound that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: ly not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”8. Whatdoes the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A. They're unfair.B. They're conservative.C. They're objective.D. They're strict.9. What can we infer about girls from the study inScience?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs10. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors' concepts.D. Changes in people's social positions.11. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many FormsC. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and LuckDSaroo Brierley, a 4-year-old boy, livedin ruralIndia. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up, he found himself alone. So he got on the train in front of him to search for his brother.That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage (孤儿院), where he was adopted by an Australian family and taken to Tasmania.Brierley is a famous writer now, and in his new book,A Long Way Home, he wrote he couldn’t help but wonder about his hometown back inIndia. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country seemed impossible.Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town’s central business district from a bird’s-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station”—and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain”—and there it was. Everything matched!Standing in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing at the entrance. It tookhim a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.In an interview Brierley says, “My mother came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, my eyes filled with tears and my brain blank. I just didn’t know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.”12. Why did Brierley get on the train when he was a little boy?A. To go back to his home.B. To look for his brother.C. To travel toTasmania.D. To follow a stranger.13. What made it difficult for Brierley to find his hometown?A. The vast area ofIndia.B. The fact that he was nobody then.C. His not remembering the town’s name.D. The distance betweenAustraliaand his hometown.14. How did Brierley find his hometown?A. By studying digital maps.B. By analyzing old pictures.C. By travelling all aroundIndia.D. By spreading his story via his book.15. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Love for MotherB. Union with BrotherC. Memory of HometownD. Long Way back Home第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试题及答案
2020届上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVail Marriott Mountain ResortVail Winter Weather GuideCovered in grand mountains，flashing lights and snowy pines, Vail is perfect for explorers and people who love adventures alike. Whether skiing down the slopes for the first time or the hundredth, this guide will ensure that you're ready for everything this city has to offer.Best Time to VacationDecember through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.Know Before You GoMake the necessary preparations and reservations in advance：• Ski and Snowboard Rentals（租赁）：Don't have your own equipment! Vail Sports rents out a variety of skis and snowboards for all ages and abilities, as well as snow shoes and helmets.• Clothing Rentals：For those not interested in purchasing hundreds of dollars of ski clothing for one vacation. Mountain Threads has a rental program just for you, where you can get mountain necessities like coats, pants and goggles（护目镜）.• Suncream：You might not think about getting sunburn, but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.• Difficulty levels：It's important to know what level you're at before jumping on a ski lift and heading up the mountain. Use a free trail map and plan the slopes you're going to ski down ahead of time based on the following levels you'll find up the mountain：• Green Circle：These are the easiest slopes.• Blue Square：These indicate average to medium levels.• Black Diamond：The most advanced slopes. Some mountains will feature double black diamonds, indicating even higher difficulty.While Vail is famous for snow sports, you'll find plenty of other fun things to do once the sun goes down or you are tired. Explore the rest of our website for more information!1. When is the best time to visit Vail if you like skiing?A. In March, April June and DecemberB. In December, February, April and MarchC. In January, February, March and DecemberD. In September, October, November and December2. Before you go to the Vail Marriott Mountain Resort, you will have to take ________with you.A. helmetsB. gogglesC. suncreamD. a trail map3. What will a skiing beginner who wants to enjoy himself prefer to choose?A. Blue SquareB. Black DiamondC Double Black Diamonds D. Green CircleBA team of engineers atHarvardUniversity in trying to create the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks."The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own’ said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings hasa number of interdependencies (相互依赖）on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it d connected to,” said Wood.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites，in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animal，but using these robots instead” he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”4. What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?A. It's automatic.B.It's very small.C. It's controllable.D. It's quite powerful.5. We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can____ .A. act as a spy planeB. help do farm workC.fly at a very high speedD. answer many scientific questions6. What is Wood's idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?A. It is highly questionable.B. It has wide practical applications.C. It gives scientists interest in flying machines.D. It points to a new direction in studying biology.7. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Harvand's Study in the Field of Insects.B. A Breakthrough in Engineering ScienceC. An Interesting Invention一Robotic FlyD. Robotic Fly一a Copy of Real Life InsectCAddiction to smartphones will result in poor sleep, according to a new study.The study, published Tuesday in Frontiers in Psychiatry, looked at smartphone use among 1,043 students between the ages of 18 and 30at King's College London. Researchers asked the students to complete two questionnaires on their sleep quality and smartphone use, in person and online.Using a 10-question scale that was developed to judge smartphone addiction in children, nearly 40% of the university students qualified as "addicted" to smartphones, the study found. “Our findings are in agreement with other reported studies in young adult populations globally, which are in the range of 30-45%,” lead author Sei Yon Sohn and her co-authors wrote in the study. "Later time of use was also significantly connected with smartphone addiction, with use after 1 a.m. increasing a 3- times risk," the authors wrote.Students who reported high use of smartphones also reported poor sleep quality, the study found. That foils in line with previous studies that have found overuse of smartphones at night to be associated with trouble falling asleep, reduced sleep duration (睡眠持续时间)and daytime tiredness. That's likely because use of smartphones close to bedtime has been shown to delay the body's normal sleep - and - wake clock.In fact, the No. 1 rule is "no computers, cell phones, and ipads in bed and at least one hour beforebed Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, who directs sleep basic research, said in a recent interview. That's because "any LED lightsource from electronics (电子设备)may further hold back melatonin (褪黑激素)levels," Polotsky said. Melatonin is often referred to as a "sleep hormone," because we sleep better during the night when levels reach the top.“This is a cross-sectional study, and it cannot lead to any firm conclusions about smartphone use as the cause of reduced sleep quality, said Bob Patton, a lecturer in clinical psychology at the University of Surrey, via email.8. How did Sei Yon Sohn's team begin their study?A. By publishing researching papers.B. By responding to others’ concern.C. By collecting firsthand data.D. By turning to related experts.9. What did the study find about sleep quality and smartphone use?A. 30-45% of the university students are addicted to smartphones.B. High use of smartphones is related to poor sleep quality.C. Overuse of smartphones leads to shorter sleep duration.D. Use after 1 a.m. will result in smartphone addiction.10. What is Polotsky's opinion on electronics ?A. We should stop using them an hour before going to sleep.B. LED light source from them will delay normal sleep- and- wake clock.C. Reduced sleep quality has nothingto do with them.D. No electronics should be used in bed at any time.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Say No to SmartphonesB. Sleep Quality Can Be ImprovedC. LED Light Source Causes Great HarmD. Smartphone Addiction Ruins SleepDWhat will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question，you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology（生物技术）. With the help of new medicine，the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents，murder and war. Today’s leading killers，such as heart disease，cancer，and aging itself，will become distant memories.In discussion of technological changes，the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells（细胞）are the basic units of all living things，and until recently，scientists were surethat the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells，such as those of brain cells，would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100，medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so，people will beable to take medicine to repair their organs（器官）. The medicine，made up of the basic building materials of life，will build new brain cells，heart cells，and so on－in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence，but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.12. According to the passage，human death is now mainly caused by ________.A. diseases and agingB. accidents and warC. accidents and agingD. heart disease and war13. In the author’s opinion，today’s most important advance in technology lies in（在于）________.A. the InternetB. medicineC. brain cellsD. human organs14. Humans may live longer in the future because ________.A. heart disease will be far away from usB. human brains can decide the final deathC. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine15. How long can humans live in the future according to the passage?A. Over 100 years.B. More than 120 years.C. About 150 years.D. The passage doesn’t tell us.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析
2020届上海市闵行中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AChildren under the age of 18 will be allowed up to three hours per week to play video games, according to a notice issued by China's National Press and Publication Administration. Online game companies are required to provide services to minors — from8 to 9 p. m. on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays — as a way to safeguard their physical and mental health. Children are playing more and more online games these days. Is it time to limit their online gaming time? What role do parents have? Readers share their opinions.RizlaredOnline games are addictive, but if children are taught how to manage in a sensible and responsible manner then it is no longer a threat(威胁).To achieve this, parents need to set examples for not being glued to their phones. Teaching is and always will be the best solution to such problems.AndrewGood policy. By limiting time spent on online games, kids can spend time doing more useful things to develop their potential. They can go outside and run, jump and swim instead of sitting on a couch at home and playing with a smart phone.AdamIt is often seen that parents argue with children over cellphones. Most parents can hardly set and enforce the time limit for its daily usage. Some forcibly take away their cellphones, but it will ruin trust and relationship. Even worse, it will make their kids hate them.PinkExcessive(过度的）gaming is purely a waste of time and energy for minors and has a negative effect on both physical and mental health. The gaming industry should not put profit- flaking interests as its priority (优先事项) . They should act in a socially responsible way toprovide an environment for children to ensure their well-being and development.LaurenThere would be a loophole(漏洞). Children could use their parents’ or other adults’ IDs to avoid real-name registration, thus making it impossible to put this policy in effect. Parents ly need to strengthen guidance andsupervision to keep their children from gaming addiction.1. What should kids do according to Andrew?A. Play online games.B. Play with a smart phone.C. Study all the time.D. Go in for outside activities.2. What does Pink advise the gaming industry to do?A. Pay attention to its profit.B. Focus on kids’ health.C. Be responsible for kids’ surroundings.D. Persuade kids lo play more games.3. What role do parents have according to the passage?A. They keep hold of their phones.B. They set examples for their kids.C. They limit their kids’ time.D. They blame kids for addiction.BConcrete is the world's most consumed material after water. Because it already surrounds us in the built environment, researchers have been exploring the idea of using concrete to store electricity—turning buildings into giant batteries. The idea has been gaining ground as we have come to increasingly rely on renewable energy from the wind and sun: rechargeable batteries are necessary when the breeze dies down or darkness falls.Experimental concrete batteries have only managed to hold a small part of what a traditional battery does. But one team now reports in Buildings that it has developed a rechargeable original model that could represent a more than 900 percent increase in stored charge, compared with earlier attempts.A live-in concrete battery might sound unlikely. Still, "you can make a battery out of a potato," notes Aimee Byrne. In a future where sustainability is key, she likes the idea of buildings that avoid waste by providing shelter and powering electronics.Although the new design stores more than 10 times as much power as earlier attempts, it still has a long way to go: 200 square meters of it "can provide about 8 percent of the daily electricity consumption" of a typical U.S. home, Zhang says.This is not enough to compete with today's rechargeable devices. "We're getting milliamps (毫安) out of concrete batteries—we're not getting amps (安培), "Byrne says." We're getting hours as opposed to days of charge." But she adds that" concrete batteries are completely in their childhood, compared to other battery designs." The earliest batteries were simple andbulky. Researchers experimented with new materials and designs for more than a century to develop today's small devices. Byrne suggests concrete-based energy storage could undergo a similar evolution. "The whole idea is that we're looking far into the future," she says. "We're playing thelong game with it."4. What can we learn about the concrete batteries?A. They become increasingly renewable.B. They are the most consumed batteries.C. They are being developed by researchers.D. They will replace energy from the wind and sun.5. Why does Byrne mention a battery out of a potato?A. To show it is easy to build concrete batteries.B. To argue it is possible to develop concrete batteries.C. To make her statement more interesting.D. To call on people to protect the environment.6. What does the underlined word "bulky" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. HeavyB. CheapC. EfficientD. Small.7. What doesByrne think of concrete batteries?A. They beat today's rechargeable devices.B. They are simple and bulky.C. They have a doubtful future.D. They have a long way to go.CIn the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact（影响）on the environment. After all, you were jumping into your car, driving across town, coughing out emissions（产生排放）and using gas all the way. But now that we're used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might get a littleproud. After all, we're just picking up our phones and maybe turning on the TV. You're welcome. Mother Nature.Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-based Shift Project. According to "Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video", digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Watching a half-hour show would cause 1. 6 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions. That's like driving 6. 28 kilometers. And in the European Union, the Eureca project found that data centers（where videos are stored）there used 25% more energy in 2017 compared to just three years earlier, reports the BBC.Streaming is only expected to increase as webecome more enamored ofour digital devices（设备）and the possibility of enjoying entertainment where and when we want it increases. Online video use is expected to increase by four times from 2017 to 2022 and account for 80% of all Internet traffic by 2022. By then, about 60% of the world's population will be online.You're probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there're things you can do to help lessenthe impact of your online use, experts say. For example, according to Lutz Stobbe, a researcher from the Fraunhofer Institute in Berlin, we have no need to upload 25 pictures of the same thing to the cloud because it consumes energy every time. If instead you delete a few things here and there, you can save energy. Moreover, it's also a good idea to stream over Wi-Fi, watch on the smallest screen you can, and turn off your Wi-Fi in your home if you're not using your devices.8. What topic is the first paragraph intended to lead in?A. The environmental effects of driving private cars.B. The improvements on environmental awareness.C. The change in the way people seek entertainment.D The environmental impacts of screaming services.9. What does the underlined phrase become more enamored of" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Get more skeptical of.B. Become more aware of.C. Feel much crazier about.D. Get more worried about.10. What can we infer about the use of streaming services?A. It is being reduced to protect the planet.B. Its environmental effects are worsening.C. It is easily available to almost everyone.D. Its side effects have drawn global attention.11. Which of the following is the most environmentally-friendly?A. Watching downloaded movies on a mobile phone.B. Downloading music on a personal computer.C. Uploading a lot of images of the same thing.D. Playing online games over mobile networks.DWe are in lack of enough sleep, according to Arianna Huffington, the co-founder and editor-in-chief of The Huffington Post. And thishas great consequences on our health, our job performance, our relationships and our happiness. What is needed, she ly declares, is nothing short of a sleep revolution. Only by renewing our relationship with sleep can we take back control of our lives.In her bestseller Thrive, Arianna wrote about our need to redefine success through wellbeing, wisdom, wonder, and giving. Her discussion of the importance of sleep as a gateway to this more fulfilling way of livingstruck such a powerful chord (弦) that she realized the mystery and transformative power of sleep called for a fuller investigation (调查).The result is a scientifically sweeping and personal exploration of sleep from all angles, from the history of sleep, to the role of dreams in our lives, to the consequences of sleep deprivation (剥夺), and the new golden age of sleep science that is showing the vital role sleep plays in our every waking moment and every aspect of our health — from weight gain, diabetes, and heart disease to cancer and Alzheimer’s.In The Sleep Revolution, Arianna shows how our cultural removal of sleep as time wasted damages our health and our decision-making and our work lives and shortens our personal lives. She explores all the latest science on what exactly is going on while we sleep and dream. She decides the dangerous sleeping pill industry, and all the ways of our addiction to technology disturb our sleep. She also offers a range of recommendations and tips from leading scientists on how we can get better and more restorative sleep.In today’s fast-paced, always-connected and sleep-deprived world, our need for a good night’s sleep is more important than ever. The Sleep Revolution both sounds the alarm on our worldwide sleep crisis and provides a detailed road map to the great sleep awakening that can help transform our lives, our communities, and our world.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The importance of sleep.B. The necessity of improving sleep.C. The way to improve our sleep.D. The effect of sleep on health.13. What can be inferred about Arianna’s attitude to success?A. She thinks good sleep is more important.B. She doesn’t think much of becoming successful.C. She thinks it wrong to sacrifice health to success.D. She is concerned about the nature of success.14. What can be said about Arianna’s investigation?A. It is really of great value.B. It is scientific and historical.C. It costs Arianna’s sleep in practice.D. It covers all necessary aspects scientifically,15. What influence does TheSleep Revolution have on society?A. It helps to slow down the pace of modern life.B. It warns people against taking sleeping pills.C. It warns the harm of inadequate sleep of people.D. It helps to stress the value of sleep to success.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届闵行区莘庄中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析
2020届闵行区莘庄中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhat are you waiting for? A new series of movies shown this year can’t be missed. Have you enjoyed them already?Frozen IIFrozen was the highest grossing (票房) animated film ever. In Frozen II Elsa, Anna, Olaf and Krist left off Arendelle to seek thesource of Elsa’s icy magic. Although the millions of children who loved the first film are older now, they might give it a reception.Last ChristmasA festive romantic comedy, Emilia Clarke stars in Last Christmas as Bridget Jonesy , a shop assistant, whose life in London is a mess, and Henry Golding as the eligible bachelor(黄金单身汉)who tidies it up. The film’s director, Paul Feig, and co-writer, Emma Thompson, promise that the film is worth expecting.A Beautiful Day in the NeighborhoodTom Hanks stars in A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood as the only American celebrity(名人) more famous than he is. As the host of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood for more than 30 years, Fred Rogers is a legend of pre-school children’s television, which appeals to a large audience.Charlie’s AngelsHollywoodaction movies starring women are rare. But have you seen a movie starred, written and directed by women, too? Charlie’s Angels is one of the first. A reboot (翻拍) of the 1970s TV series, not to mention the two films from 2000 and 2003, the new version is directed by Elizabeth Banks. She also plays Bosley, one of the female detectives who are employed by Charles Townsend to go on global adventures.1. Which moviebecame the most popular cartoon film this year?A. Frozen II.B. Last Christmas.C. A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood.D. Charlie’s Angels.2. Which character works on a TV station?A. Krist.B. Emilia Clarke.C. Fred Rogers.D. Bosley.3. Which action movie was directed and starred by a woman?A. Frozen II.B. Last Christmas.C. A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood.D. Charlie’s Angels.BChinese archaeologists（考古学家）announced on Saturday that some new major discoveries have been made at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Southwest China, helping uncover another start of the Chinese civilization.Archaeologists have found six new sacrificial pits（祭祀坑）and unearthed more than 500 treasures dating back 3,000 years at the Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province. So far, archaeologists have unearthed masses of important cultural items from four of the pits, including pieces of gold masks, gold foil, bronze（青铜）masks, bronze trees and large numbers of ivories. The rest of the newly discovered pits arc still being dug up.“Surprisingly, we have unearthed some never — heard — of — before bronze items," said Lei Yu, from the Sichuan Archaeology Research Institute. 'Tor instance, some large and well-made bronze items have strange-looking dragon or cow designs on them.”In another major discovery, relics of silk products were found for the first time at Sanxingdui, which shows “the ancient Shu Kingdom was one of the important starts of silk in ancient China" according to Tang Fei, head of the digging team.The new pits sit next to two sacrificial pits discovered in 1986, with areas ranging between 3o square meters and 19 square meters. Together they form an area in which people of the ancient Shu civilization held ceremonies to offer sacrifices to heaven, earth and their forefathers, and prayed for good luck and peace.The Sanxingdui Ruins is regarded as one of the greatest archaeological finds of mankind in the 20th century. The site was accidentally discovered by a farmer in the 1920s. The ruins are located in the city ofGuanghan, about 60 kilometers fromChengduand are believed to be the relics of theShuKingdom.4. What can we learn from the text?A. Totally there are 500 treasures unearthed.B. Six new sacrificial pits are under repair.C. The unearthed treasures date from 3000 years ago.D. There are six sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui.5. What does the discovery of the relics of silk products mean?A. Chinese civilization was widely influential.B.AncientShuKingdomwas also the home of silk.C. Chinese silk has a much longer history than known.D.ShuKingdombelonged toChinasince ancient times.6. What was the main function of the sacrificial pits?A. To celebrate festivals.B. To store valuable items.C. To bury important figures.D. To hold sacrifice ceremonies.7. Who first discovered the Sanxingdui Ruins?A. A farmer.B. Lei YuC. Tang Fei.D. Archaeologists.CYou’re in a crowd of people who are all asking for the same thing. How do you make your voice heard above the rest? Be different. Don’t shout. Lisa, 25, was waiting to board a plane flying fromLondontoAustriafor Christmaswhen the flight was cancelled.“There were about a hundred of us unable to leave,” she says. “Everyone else was shouting at the airport staff. Instead of joining in, I walked up to the man behind the ticket desk very quietly and said, ‘This must be so awful for you! I don’t know how you deal with these situations—it’s not even your fault. I could never handle it as well as you are.’ Without my even asking, he found me a seat on another airline with an upgrade to first class. He was happy to do a favor forsomeone who was appreciative instead of unfriendliness.”Flattery (恭维) is an essential element of the sweet-talk strategy. “It’s human psychology that stroking a person’s ego (自我) with a few well-directed praises makes them want to prove you right,” says apsychologist. “Tell someone they’re pretty and they’ll instantly fix their hair; praise their sense of humor and they’ll tell a joke.”You need help and there’s ly no reason that the person will want to lend a hand. Allison, 26. a lawyer, realized she’d made a huge mistake on a batch of documents. “The only way I could fix the problem was to get the help of a colleague who I knew didn’t like me,” she said.Allison then went to the woman’s office and explained her problem. “As I was saying to the boss the other day you’re the only person who would know how to handle a situation like this, what would you suggest I do?” “Feeling pumped up (鼓励), she set about helping me and we finished the job on time, and she was happy to help.” Allison said.8. Whatwould have happened at the airport according to paragraph 1?A. The departure hall was filled with noise.B. Someone screamed just lo be different.C. The passengers waited on board patiently.D. The airport stuff were rude to the passengers.9. Why did the man put Lisa on another airline?A. He admired Lisa’s beauty.B. He appreciated her attitude.C. He was ready to help others.D. He was blamed for the cancellation.10. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The potential benefits of ego.B. The strategy to start small talk.C. The great importance of flattery.D. The value of humor in daily life.11. What can we learn about Allison’s colleague?A. She was a popular lawyer.B. She was always ready to help others.C. She always got praise from Allison.D. She did a great favor for Allison eventually.D"Long time no see." is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend's e-mail, I laughed. I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish.Obviously, it is a word-by-word literal translation of the Chinese greeting with wrong English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too surprised to believe her. Her words were unbelievable at all. So I did research onGoogle. com. To my surprise, there are over 60 thousand web pages containing "Long time no see." Though it is sort of informal, it is part of the language that Americans use daily. Interestingly, if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan's movies. In the 1930s, Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective named "Charlie Chan" on wide screens. Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting Confucius. "Long time no see." was his symbol. Soon after Charlie Chan, "Long time no see." became a popular expression in America thanks to the popularity of these movies.Some scholars compare America to a hugemelting pot. All kinds of cultures are mixed in the pot together, and they change the colour and taste of each other. Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed pot.You can have some examples from other countries such as pizza from Italian, sushi from Japanese, and déjà vu from French etc. There is a long list! Since Americans admire Chinese culture more and more nowadays, I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future. In this way, the American's melting pot keeps adding richness and flavour.12. What did the writer himself feel surprised at?A. The Chinglish expression "Long time no see."B. So many literal translations of the expressions used in America.C. "Long time no see." is used as a standard American English greeting.D. Finding out Americans use the expression every day.13. What do the underlined words "melting pot" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Confucius's words.B. Culture mixture.C. A kind of cooked dish.D. American changing cultures.14. According to the passage, what can be inferred?A. Detectives translated the phrase "Long time no see."B. Cultures cannot be changed in the huge melting pot.C. The huge melting pot greatly affects all kinds of languages.D. Hollywood made "Long time no see." popular.15. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Some Chinese expressions are introduced into English.B. You'll not be surprised at a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant in America.C. Some American expressions can be used in China.D. American English keeps being enriched by different cultures.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
英语_2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷含答案
2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.A brief history of Chopsticks．We've discussed the story of knife and fork， but there's another set of utensils（器皿）used by billions of people around the world﹣and it has a truly ancient past． The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least 1200 B．C．， and by A．D． 500 chopsticks （1）________（sweep） the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan． From their humble beginnings（2）________cooking utensils to paper﹣wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter， there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye．Chopsticks（3）________（develop） about 5000 years ago in China． The（4）________（early） versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots． When resources became scare， around 400 B． C．，crafty chefs figured out（5）________to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel， and besides， it could be cooked more quickly． This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table﹣a practice that also matched the non﹣violent teachings of Confucius （孔子），（6）________ expressed in one of his numerous quotations："the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse （屠宰房） and the kitchen． And he allows no knives on his table．" As a vegetarian， he believed that knives' sharp points evoked（诱发） violence（7）________ （kill） the happy，contented mood that should reign during meals． Thanks in part to his teachings，chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia．Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles． Perhaps in a nod to Confucius，Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end． In Japan， chopsticks were 8 inches long for men and 7 inches long for women． In 1878 the Japanese became the first （8）________（create） the now﹣ubiquitous disposable set， typically made of bamboo or wood． Wealthy diners could eat with ivory， jade， coral， brass or agate versions，while the most privileged used silver sets． It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black（9）________it came into contact with poisoned food．Throughout history， chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another stapleof Asian cuisine： rice． At first glance， you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut， butin Asia most rice is of the short﹣ or medium﹣grain variety． The starches（淀粉质食品）in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy， unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long﹣ grain rice．（10）________chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice， it's a match made in heaven．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2.The "Penny Black"， the first postage stamp issued in Britain and， more importantly， the first postage stamp issued anywhere，（1）_______the image of Queen Victoria， but thefirst British postal service didn't originate in Victoria England． In 1860， William Dockwra started a public service that（2）_______the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London． His system was quickly（3）_______ with Dockwra in charge． It was far from a perfect system，（4）_______with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter． Worse still， recipients were expected to pay． As you might imagine， this（5）_______some problems﹣either people weren't home or flat﹣out refused to pay． The system just didn't work， but it remained in place for far too long．About 50 years later， to do better， Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny， which would be paidby the sender． When the post office ignored Hill's ideas， he self﹣published his essay and it quickly gained（6）_______among the public． Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and ，during their subsequent meetings，the two men conceived of a gluy（7）_______that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment． Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family， officials were still not convinced． Thankfully，Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform． He eventually earned enough supportfrom other like﹣minded individuals to convince Parliament to（8）_______his system．In 1839， Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility． The winning stamp（9）_______describing the young queen's profile came from one William Wyon， who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London．The "Penny Black" stamp went on sale on May 1， 1840． It was an immediate（10）_______． Suddenly， the country seemed a lot smaller． The penny black's design was sowell received that it remained in use for forty year．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3. The term "staycation" means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place． It is is closely connected with less pollution, saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas．The concept of staycation was born at the time of the 2008 market（1）_______in the United States．Because of it, many households were forced to（2）_______their expensesand consequently limit their vacation budget． The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to （re）discover their most（3）_______surroundings． At the same time, awareness of the（4）_______impacts of tourism, especially on whatconcerns the impacts of transportation, started to increase too． And so did the perception that some of the main cities （abroad） are increasingly overloaded with people﹣﹣ with places such as Barcelona, Venice, or the Seychelles planning on（5）_______a tourist cap．Staycation appears like a great solution for the（6）_______above mentioned． It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's（7）_______and the environment．（8）_______, staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport．Apart from the financial（9）_______gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap, staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful （10）_______in the ground． Cars, boats, and planes are not （or are less） used; （11）_______, other means of transport such as public transport, bicycles, electric scooters or just walking are favored．This allows people's carbon footprints not to（12）_______as much as they would if long distances had been traveled．A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend． Slow tourism invites you to live in the（13）_______moment． It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes, reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy． There are no fully﹣booked days, and there is no（14）_______to go from one activity to another just to stay busy all the time．Given the multiple（15）_______of local tourism, you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year．（1）A valueB sectorC crisisD shares（2）A restrictB bearC avoidD meet（3）A cheerfulB immediateC pollutedD attractive（4）A limitedB financialC culturalD environmental（5）A introducingB stoppingC postponingD raising（6）A challengesB assessmentC tasksD applications（7）A voyageB mindC pocketD hometown（8）A In additionB For exampleC In factD On the contrary（9）A servicesB adviceC resourcesD savings（10）A emissionsB exposureC vehiclesD strategies（11）A thereforeB insteadC howeverD moreover（12）A lastB fallC increaseD change（13）A historicB presentC criticalD climatic（14）A goodB harmC blameD rush（15）A advantagesB challengesC platformsD themesSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. Brooke Martin's golden retriever（金毛猎犬） Kayla hated being left alone or separated． She would howl, pace, and chew on things． Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets． She wondered: ﹣What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?Working with her father in their garage, the 16﹣year﹣old came up with several ideas． Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets! She calls the device iCPooch．﹣The dog doesn't have to answer the call, explains Brooke．﹣It comes up immediately on the screen on their end． It's a two﹣way audio and video﹣you can see and hear each other．With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle﹣school students． These finalists, selected based on their short video presentations, are working with ________ over the summer before heading to the final competition in St． Paul, Minn．After Martin's video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge, she was paired with Delony Langer﹣Anderson, a product developmentscientist in 3M's consumer health care division．﹣I just lead her down the product development path, Langer﹣Anderson told Live Science． This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product, which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog's end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate．"One thing I have thought about a lot is, what happens if while the device is on thefloor, what if your dog knocks it over, or scratches the screen? " Martin said． She and Langer﹣Anderson discussed this, and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws． The finalists create models they can test, with the guidance from a mentor． Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling． Langer﹣Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis, in a determined way, ﹣so the kids don't get buried in data． she said．（1）Which of the following would be the best title of the passage？________A "iCPooch" wins in a young scientist competition．B A 16﹣year﹣old girl invents a device for dog hunger．C A man﹣made device lets people chat with theirpets． D A kid﹣invented device calm dogs' separation anxiety．．（2）"iCPooch" calms pet dogs by________．A allowing video chatB making dogs sleepC answering the callD giving them food．（3）What is the probable meaning of the underlined word "mentor"________．A competitorsB assistantsC instructorsD companions．（4）What do the inventions of the finalists have in common？________A They are all new inventions dealing with pets．B They are possible solutions to everyday problems．C They cope with the problems related to computers．D They are all accomplished through individual work．（1）To promote the Sliver Eagles coin， what is stressed in the ad？________A The coin is of high quality and worth collecting．B The coin can be circulated as a currency．C Limited supplies guarantee a stable price of the coin．D Demand for the coin is bound to break records．．（2）If you buy six 2012 U． S． Mint Silver Eagles by post， you should pay at least________．A 230.7 B 233.7 C 240.7 D 243.7．（3）The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by________．A shopping onlineB making a phone callC lining up in front of thestores D writing to the company．6. The dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start﹣ups like Chinese EHANG and Uber are developing so﹣called "passenger drones（无人机）"﹣self﹣flying drones big enough to ferry individual commuters around town﹣which could shrink commute（上下班往返） times from hours to minutes．At first glance, human﹣carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars． Until recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles and aircraft in a practical way． Yet a few companies have kept at it: Woburn, for example, has since 2006 been developing Transition, a "roadable aircraft" that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and drive on roads． A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell, however, as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter totrain for a pilot's license and take to the skies．Passenger drones, by contrast, would operate autonomously and leave the "roadable" part behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist． Passenger drone designs favor "distributed electric propulsion（推进）, " meaning instead of one large rotor powered by a large engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own, smaller motor． This sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter weight﹣factors that could make them cheaper to operate． Quieter electric power would make the noise tolerable to city residents, although it remains to be seen how much weight such a vehicle could lift, and for how long．With any of these vehicles, safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft and the automated systems flying them． Advanced artificial intelligence is needed to fly large numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or, say, the local news channel's traffic helicopter． Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough, but even the best AI struggles with surprises: What, for example, would a drone do if a landing area suddenly became unavailable? asks Sanjiv Singh, a Carnegie Mellon University robotics researcher． Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones, he suggests first testing the necessary AI in unmanned cargo（货物）runs, and adopting a "mixed mode" approach in early passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co﹣pilots．Technical challenges aside, start﹣ups promoting the technology will have to find a way to convince the public to give their drones a whirl, something that requires a much bigger leap of faith than getting into the backseat of a self﹣driving car． Passenger drone makers are "obviously still in the incubation（孵化） stages of technology development and improving the basics, " says Mike Hirschberg, executive director of the American Helicopter Society International． "But 20 or 30 years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you take advantage of the third dimension and have much more mobility, especially in urban close quarters where ground transportation is gridlocked．"The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than verticalleap． Carnegie Mellon's Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots oftesting, analysis, regulation and efforts to win the public's trust before the technology becomes a viable transportation option． "There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets the industry back for some time, " he says．（1）Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because________．A people don't have the courage to take the cars to the air．B people are unwilling to train for a pilot's license．C people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely．D it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together．．（2）Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones？________A It can lift more weight．B It is lighter in weight．C It makes lessnoise． D It is simpler in mechanical design．．（3）What is Hirschberg's attitude towards passenger drones？________A disapprovingB neutralC skepticalD cautiously optimistic．（4）We can learn from the passage that________．A artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic．B human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers．C the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future．D the public's distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones．Section CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7. Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by． Newspapers，magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches． Professional boxers earn a lot of money， and successful boxers are treated as big heroes．It seems to me that people， especially men ，find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport． When they watch a boxing match， they can identify with the winning boxer， and this gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves． It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time， but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives．（1）_______However， there is a negative side to boxing．（2）_______Although boxers wear gloves during the fights， and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets， there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing， sometimes with dramatic consequences． Boxers have suffered from head injuries， and occasionally， fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring．（3）_______Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out， he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it．（4）_______I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV， and we welcomed more men and women from non﹣aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society． I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course，people like competitive sports， and so do I ， but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport．A．Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression．B．I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing．C．In my personal opinion， boxing can be so thrilling that many people dare not to have a try．D．Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts．E．Furthermore， studies have shown that there are often long﹣term effects of boxing．F．It is likely to threaten personal safety of people．Summary Writing8. Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year， according to a new study funded by the National Institutes ofHealth． Electronic cigarettes， or e﹣cigarettes， deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in．As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles， the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e ﹣ cigarettes， but not any other tobacco products， and 2，308 who had neither used e﹣cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade． The 2，530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow ﹣up assessments after six and 12 months． Students were asked about lifetime and past six ﹣month use of e﹣cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products．During the first six months after being surveyed， 30.7 percent of those who had used e﹣cigarettes started using tobacco products， such as cigarettes， and cigars， compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e﹣cigarettes． Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade， 25.2 percent of e﹣cigarette users had used tobacco products， compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers．"While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years， this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns，" said NIDA Director Nora D． Volkow，M．D． "Parents and teens should recognize that although e﹣cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes， they do carry a risk of addiction．" "Recreational e﹣cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco，" said Adam M． Leventhal， Ph．D．， the first author on the study． "While we cannot conclude that e﹣cigarette use directly leads to smoking， this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e﹣cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking﹣ related illness．"Translation第12页共15页Directions： Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the第13页共15页上海初高中英语整理微信公众号：Shanghai_Englishbrackets.9. 在线课程是否能满足不同层次学生的需求，尚不明朗．（it）________10. 在抗击病毒的斗争中，中国会给予受到感染的国家尽可能多的帮助．（offer）________11. 极目远眺，山外有山，令人赞叹不已．（view）________12. 从长远角度看，各国间需要加强沟通，完善全球医疗体系，防止类似疫情爆发，避免卫生危机演变为全球经济危机．（stop）________Guided Writing13. Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你是高三某班班长李华，7 月即将毕业，你正计划高考后在班级里开展一项离校公益活动﹣﹣﹣"绿色离校（Be a Green school﹣leaver）"旧书回收项目．请写一封倡议信给你们班级同学，信中必须包括：• 该活动的目的和意义；• 该活动的具体计划．2020年上海市闵行区高考英语二模试卷答案1. had swept,as,were developed,earliest,how,as,killing,to create,if/when,As2. B,F,J,C,G,K,A,E,I,H3. CACDAACCDABCBDA4. DACB5. ACB6. CADD7. A,F,E,B8. As indicated in a new study， early exposure to e﹣cigarettes may trigger tobacco smoking in teens．【高分句型一】（电子香烟对青少年的影响） Comparison of tobacco use initiation between students with e﹣cigarettes experiences and those nonusers has been made， the result of which reveals a significant increase of smoking tendency in the former．【高分句型二】（研究结果） With the prevalence of e﹣cigarettes， it's worth paying attention to teens' smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly exerted by e﹣cigarettes．（值得关注这个问题）9. It is not clear/remains unknown/ remains to be seen whether on﹣line classes can meetthe demands of students of different levels．10. Chinawillofferasmuchassistanceaspossibletothecountriesinfected（withthedisease）inthebattleagainstvirus11. If you look around in the distance， you will enjoy the fantastic view of mountains beyond mountains， with sincere/great/deep admiration．12. Fromalong﹣termperspective，allthecountriesshouldstrengthencommunication （betweeneachother），improvetheglobalmedical/healthcaresystem，andpreventtheoutbreakofsimilarepidemic，stoppingtheheathcrisisfromturningintoaglobaleconomycrisis13. Dear classmates，As you may know， we will be graduating from the school in July after the college entrance exam． In the past years， many used textbooks were left unattended and caused trouble for the school's cleaners．（话题）To avoid that situation again， I would like to ask all of you to join the "Be a Green school﹣leaver" event， which aims at recycling old textbooks．【高分句型一】The activity will be very meaningful， since it both reduces environmental problems and makes use of existing materials．【高分句型二】 It can also be considered as our final gift to the school．（该活动的目的和意义）The plans are roughly as follows． We will be divided into groups which are in charge of different tasks such as designing posters and making collection boxes． The role of each student will be assigned at a later date．（该活动的具体计划）Thank you for your attention and please let us know if you would like to participate in this activity．（感谢）Yours，Li Hua。
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闵行区2019学年度第二学期高三年级质量调研考试高三英语考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和考生号。
I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.A cook. B.A dentist. C.A surgeon. D.A technician.2.A.She’d like to have the windows open. B.She likes to have the air conditioner on.C.The air is heavily polluted.D.The windows are always open.3.A.Art attraction. B.Painting skills.C.Furniture quality.D.Room decoration.4.A.She appreciates the man’s effort. B.She does enjoy spicy food.C.She is annoyed with the man.D.She doesn’t like the food the man prepared.5.A.They can’t fit into the machine. B.They were sent to the wrong stress.C.They haven’t been delivered yet.D.They were found to be of the wrong type.6.A.The long waiting time. B.The broken down computer.C.The mistakes in her telephone bill.D.The bad telephone service.7.A.Its quality. B.Its price C.Its materials D.Its appearance.8.A.Walk in the countryside.B.Do some exercise.C.Go shopping.D.Wash some dresses.9.A.He is going to visit a photo studio. B.He has just had his picture taken.C.He is one the way to the theatre.D.He has just returned from a job interview.10.A.He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.B.He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.C.He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.D.He believes most college students are running wild.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Attend expert growers’lecture. B.Visit fruit-lovig families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard(果园).D.Taste many kinds of apples.12.A.It is a new variety. B.It is the best variety for eating quality.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It needs perfect soil to grow.13 A.To show how to grow apples. B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To attract more people to visit Britain Questions14through16are based on the following news.ck of sleep could lead to heath problem.ck of sleep affects adults more than children.C.Sleeping problems are one of the leading causes of obesity.D.The amount of sleep people need changes with age.15.A.Less sleep is needed when they enter adolescence.B.Ideally,they need8hours of sleep a night.C.They may have difficulty in falling asleep before11:00pm.D.They always wake up at midnight due to biological changes.16.A.The amount of sleep and academic performance.B.A comparison of different time to start school.C.Students’sleeping time and social behaviors.D.A beneficial change of school starting time.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Extreme sports. B.City life.C.Human’s potential.D.Danger and safety.18.A.They like to stay isolated. B.They prefer danger to safety.C.They want to know their potential.D.They are bored with the traditional ones.19.A.Objective. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Neutral.20.A.It is interesting and challenging. B.It is dangerous and needs no skills.C.It enables people to face fears.D.It only stimulate individualism.闵行区2019学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.A cook. B.A dentist. C.A surgeon. D.A technician.2. A.She’d like to have the windows open. B.She likes to have the air conditioner on.C.The air is heavily polluted.D.The windows are already open.3. A.Art attraction. B.Painting skills.C.Furniture quality.D.Room decoration.4. A.She appreciates the man’s effort. B.She does enjoy spicy food.C.She is annoyed with the man.D.She doesn’t like the food the man prepared.5. A.They can’t fit into the machine. B.They were sent to the wrong address.C.They have not been delivered yet.D.They were found to be of the wrong type.6. A.The long waiting time. B.The broken down computer.C.The mistakes in her telephone bill.D.The bad telephone service.7. A.Its quality. B.Its price. C.Its material. D.Its appearance.8. A.Walk in the countryside. B.Do some exercise.C.Go shopping.D.Wash some dresses.9. A.He’s going to visit a photo studio. B.He’s just had his picture taken.C.He’s on the way to the theater.D.He’s just returned from a job interview.10. A.He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.B.He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.C.He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.D.He believes most college students are running wild.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.Attend expert growers’lectures. B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard(果园).D.Taste many kinds of apples.12. A.It is a new variety. B.It is the best variety for eating quality.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It needs perfect soil to grow.13. A.To show how to grow apples. B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To attract more people to visit Britain. Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. ck of sleep could lead to health problems.ck of sleep affects adults more than children.C.Sleep problems are one of the leading causes of obesity.D.The amount of sleep people need changes with age.15. A.Less sleep is needed when they enter adolescent stage.B.Ideally,they need eight hours of sleep a night.C.They may have difficulty falling asleep before11:00pm.D.They often wake up at midnight due to biological changes.16. A.The amount of sleep and academic performance.B.A comparison of different time to start school.C.Students’sleeping time and social behavior.D.A beneficial change of school starting time.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.Extreme sports. B.City life.C.Human’s potential.D.Danger and safety.18. A.They like to stay isolated. B.They prefer danger to safety.C.They want to know their potential.D.They are bored with the traditional ones.19. A.Objective. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Neutral.20. A.It’s interesting and challenging. B.It is dangerous and needs no skills.C.It enables people to face fears.D.It only stimulates individualism.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.A brief history of Chopsticks.We’ve discussed the story of knife and fork,but there’s another set of utensils(器皿)used by billions of people around the world—and it has a truly ancient past.The Chinese have been wielding chopsticks since at least1200B.C.,and by A.D.500chopsticks____21____(sweep)the Asian continent from Vietnam to Japan.From their humble beginnings____22____cooking utensils to paper-wrapped bamboo sets at the sushi counter,there's more to chopsticks than meets the eye.Chopsticks____25____(develop)about5000years ago in China.The____24____(early) versions were probably twigs used to get food from cooking pots.When resources became scare, around400B.C.,crafty chefs figured out____25____to conserve fuel by chopping food into smaller pieces that required less cooking fuel,and besides,it could be cooked more quickly.This new method of cooking made it unnecessary to have knives at the dinner table—a practice that also matched the non-violent teachings of Confucius(孔子)，____26____expressed in one of his numerous quotations:“the honorable and upright man keeps well away from both the slaughterhouse(屠宰房)and the kitchen.And he allows no knives on his table.”As a vegetarian,he believed that knives’sharp points evoked(诱发)violence____27____(kill)the happy, contented mood that should reign during meals.Thanks in part to his teachings,chopstick use quickly became widespread throughout Asia.Different cultures adopted different chopstick styles.Perhaps in a nod to Confucius,Chinese chopsticks featured a blunt rather than pointed end.In Japan,chopsticks were8inches long for men and7inches long for women.In1878the Japanese became the first____28____(create)the now-ubiquitous disposable set,typically made of bamboo or wood.Wealthy diners could eat with ivory,jade,coral,brass or agate versions,while the most privileged used silver sets.It was believed that the silver would corrode and turn black____29____it came into contact with poisoned food.Throughout history,chopsticks have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with another staple of Asian cuisine:rice.At first glance,you'd think that rice wouldn't make the cut,but in Asia most rice is of the short-or medium-grain variety.The starches(淀粉质食品)in these rices create a cooked product that is gummy and clumpy,unlike the fluffy and distinct grains of Western long-grain rice.____30____chopsticks come together to lift steaming bundles of sticky rice,it's a match made in heaven.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.belB.bearsC.burdenedD.illustratesE.implementF.guaranteedG.presented H.hit I.entry J.nationalized K.groundThe“Penny Black”,the first postage stamp issued in Britain and,more importantly,the first postage stamp issued anywhere,____31____the image of Queen Victoria,but the first British postal service didn’t originate in Victoria England.In1860,William Dockwra started a public service that____32____the quick delivery of a letter anywhere in London.His system was quickly____33____with Dockwra in charge.It was far from a perfect system,____34____with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensive to send a letter.Worse still,recipients were expected to pay.As you might imagine,this____35____some problems—either people weren’t home or flat—out refused to pay.The system just didn’t work,but it remained in place for far too long.About50years later,to do better,Rolland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacing them with a single national rate of one penny,which would be paid by the sender. When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas,he self-published his essay and it quickly gained____36____among the public.Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and,during their subsequent meetings,the two men conceived of a gluy ____37____that could be applied to the envelops to indicate payment.Though it had gained support with the public who longed for a affordably way to connect with distant friends and family, officials were still not convinced.Thankfully,Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform.He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to ____38____his system.In1839,Hill held a competition to design all the postal facility.The winning stamp ____39____describing the young queen’s profile came from one William Wyon,who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate his first visit to London.The“Penny Black”stamp went on sale on May1,1840.It was an immediate____40____. Suddenly,the country seemed a lot smaller.The penny black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty year.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term“staycation”means vacations that you take at home or near your home rather than traveling to another place.It is is closely connected with less pollution,saving money and not contributing to the overwhelming disorder that takes place in some of the world's most touristic areas.The concept of staycation was born at the time of the2008market____41____in the UnitedStates.Because of it,many households were forced to____42____their expenses and consequently limit their vacation budget.The shortage of money to travel abroad is at the origin of why many people started to(re)discover their most____43____surroundingsAt the same time,awareness of the____44____impacts of tourism,especially on what concerns the impacts of transportation,started to increase too.And so did the perception that some of the main cities(abroad)are increasingly overloaded with people--with places such as Barcelona,Venice,or the Seychelles planning on____45____a tourist cap.Staycation appears like a great solution for the____46____above mentioned.It is a great way of spending joyful vacations while helping one's____47____and the environment. ____48____,staying close to home eliminates the budget for accommodation and transport. Apart from the financial____49____gained by leaving behind expensive plane tickets or by not booking hotel rooms that aren't cheap,staycation also has the benefit of keeping harmful ____50____in the ground.Cars,boats,and planes are not(or are less)used;____51____,other means of transport such as public transport,bicycles,electric scooters or just walking are favored. This allows people's carbon footprints not to____52____as much as they would if long distances had been traveled.A staycation is a form of alternative tourism that is fully in line with the slow tourism trend. Slow tourism invites you to live in the____53____moment.It encourages you to take your time, discover nearby landscapes,reconnect and spend more time outdoors in nature with the people you enjoy,There are no fully-booked days,and there is no____54____to go from oneactivity to another just to stay busy all the time.Given the multiple____55____of local tourism,you no longer have a reason to be embarrassed at the coffee machine at work when you are asked where you are going on vacation this year.41. A.value B.sector C.crisis D.shares42. A.restrict B.bear C.avoid D.meet43. A.cheerful B.immediate C.polluted D.attractive44. A.limited B.financial C.cultural D.environmental45. A.introducing B.stopping C.postponing D.raising46. A.challenges B.assessment C.tasks D.applications47. A.voyage B.mind C.pocket D.hometown48. A.In addition B.For example C.In fact D.On the contrary49. A.services B.advice C.resources D.savings50. A.emissions B.exposure C.vehicles D.strategies51. A.therefore B.instead C.however D.moreover52. st B.fall C.increase D.change53. A.historic B.present C.critical D.climatic54. A.good B.harm C.blame D.rush55. A.advantages B.challenges C.platforms D.themes Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛猎犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:―What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?Working with her father in their garage,the16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally, she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.―The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,explains Brooke.―It comes up immediately on the screen on their end.It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn.After Martin’s video put her among the10finalists in the Discovery Education3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product developmentscientist in3M’s consumer health care division.―I just lead her down the product development path,Langer-Anderson told Live Science.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.‘One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?’Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floors to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or nger-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method, testing their hypothesis,in a determined way,―so the kids don’t get buried in data.she said.56.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A.“iCPooch”wins in a young scientist competition.B.A16-year-old girl invents a device for dog hunger.C.A man-made device lets people chat with their pets.D.A kid-invented device calm dogs’separation anxiety.57.“iCPooch”calms pet dogs by____________.A.allowing video chatB.making dogs sleepC.answering the callD.giving them food58.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word“mentor”?petitorsB.assistantsC.instructorspanions59.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C.They cope with the problems related to computers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.(B)This Is What a Real Silver Dollar Looks LikeIf you trust in the ye,the euro,and the dollar...stop reading.Because this is a story about the silver coin EVERYBODY wants.You read the headlines.You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster(ride.But millions have found a smarter way to build long-term value with high-grade collectable silver.And right now,those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012U.S.Mint Silver Eagles,America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars.Today,you can graduate to the front of that line.Buy now and you can own these brilliantuncirculated Silver Dollars for only$38.95!You Can't Afford to LoseWhy are we 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A．shopping online B．making a phone callC．lining up in front of the stores D．writing to the company(C)The dream of the flying car could come down to earth soon as several start-ups like ChineseEHANG and Uber are developing so-called“passenger drones(无人机)”—self-flying drones big enough to ferry individual commuters around town—which could shrink commute(上下班往返) times from hours to minutes.At first glance,human-carrying drones sound no more realistic than flying cars.Until recently inventors had never been able to marry automobiles and aircraft in a practical way.Yet a few companies have kept at it:Woburn,for example,has since2006been developing Transition,a “roadable aircraft”that resembles a small airplane that can fold its wings and drive on roads.A personal flying car in every garage has proved to be a tough sell,however,as there are serious safety concerns about asking the average commuter to train for a pilot’s license and take to the skies.Passenger drones,by contrast,would operate autonomously and leave the“roadable”part behind in favor of larger versions of aircraft that already exist.Passenger drone designs favor “distributed electric propulsion(推进),”meaning instead of one large rotor powered by a large engine they have multiple propellers each powered by its own,smaller motor.This sacrifices lifting power and flight performance in exchange for mechanical simplicity and lighter weight—factors that could make them cheaper to operate.Quieter electric power would make the noise tolerable to city residents,although it remains to be seen how much weight such a vehicle could lift,and for how long.With any of these vehicles,safety is the biggest concern and extends to both the aircraft and the automated systems flying them.Advanced artificial intelligence is needed to fly large numbers of autonomous aircraft without crashing them into one another or,say,the local news channel’s traffic helicopter.Carrying people from points A to B seems simple enough,but even the best AI struggles with surprises:What,for example,would a drone do if a landing area suddenly became unavailable?asks Sanjiv Singh,a Carnegie Mellon University robotics researcher.Instead of leaping to fully automated passenger drones,he suggests first testing the necessary AI in unmanned cargo(货物)runs,and adopting a“mixed mode”approach in early passenger services where pilots are assisted by AI co-pilots.Technical challenges aside,start-ups promoting the technology will have to find a way to convince the public to give their drones a whirl,something that requires a much bigger leap of faith than getting into the backseat of a self-driving car.Passenger drone makers are“obviouslystill in the incubation(孵化)stages of technology development and improving the basics,”says Mike Hirschberg,executive director of the American Helicopter Society International.“But20or 30years from now life may be a little like The Jetsons where you take advantage of the third dimension and have much more mobility,especially in urban close quarters where ground transportation is gridlocked.”The passenger drone progress may follow a sloping takeoff rather than vertical leap. Carnegie Mellon’s Singh sees a long road ahead filled with lots of testing,analysis,regulation and efforts to win the public’s trust before the technology becomes a viable transportation option.“There is the danger of someone moving too fast and then having a problem that sets the industry back for some time,”he says.63.Personal flying cars have failed to gain popularity among households mainly because____________.A.people don’t have the courage to take the cars to the air.B.people are unwilling to train for a pilot’s license.C.people worry that they may not be qualified to fly the cars safely.D.it is practically impossible to combine cars and aircraft together.64.Which of the following is NOT an advantage of passenger drones?A.It can lift more weight.B.It is lighter in weight.C.It makes less noise.D.It is simpler in mechanical design.65.What is Hirschberg’s attitude towards passenger drones?A.disapprovingB.neutralC.skepticalD.cautiously optimistic66.We can learn from the passage that________________.A.artificial intelligence can easily tackle the problems occurring in air traffic.B.human pilots in autonomous aircraft will endanger the safety of passengers.C.the passenger drone industry will make major breakthroughs in the near future.D.the public’s distrust may hinder the development of passenger drones.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.B.I am personally not at all in favor of aggressive sports like boxing.C.In my personal opinion,boxing can be so thrilling that many people dare not to have a try.D.Professional boxers are much more at risk than their amateur counterparts.E.Furthermore,studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxingF.It is likely to threaten personal safety of people.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by.Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches.Professional boxers earn a lot of money,and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.It seems to me that people,especially men,find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match,they can identify with the winning boxer,and this gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves.It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time,but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives._________67_________However,there is a negative side to boxing._________68_________Although boxers wear gloves during the fights,and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets,there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing,sometimes with dramatic consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries,and occasionally,fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring._________69_________Sometimes even if a boxer has never been knocked out,he might have suffered severe brain damage without knowing it._________70_________I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV,and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society.I believe that the world is aggressive enough already!Of course,people like competitive sports,and so do I,but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.。