1986至1993年翻译解析
历年专八汉英翻译
1997C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。
我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。
1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.1998年C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
1993考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1993 Text 1Paragraph 11、Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?语言是否像食物一样，是人类的基本需要呢?没有语言，在生命的关键时刻孩子是否会挨饿呢?孩子的身体是否受损呢?1.1 basic英/'beɪsɪk/ 美/'beɪsɪk/n. 基础；要素adj. 基本的；基础的1.2 starved英/stɑːvd/ 美/stɑ:vd/adj. （等于starving）饥饿的饥饿1.3 starve英/stɑːv/ 美/stɑrv/vi. 饿死；挨饿；渴望vt. 使饿死；使挨饿2、Judging from the drastic experiment of FrederickⅠin the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.从13世纪弗里德里克一世所做的大量实验中得出判断，情况也许就是如此。
为了发现婴儿在听不到母语的情况下会讲什么语言，他要求保育员保持沉默。
2.1 drastic英/'dræstɪk; 'drɑː-/ 美/'dræstɪk/n. 烈性泻药adj. 激烈的；猛烈的(大量的)2.2 tongue英/tʌŋ/ 美/tʌŋ/n. 舌头；语言vt. 舔；斥责；用舌吹vi. 说话；吹管乐器Paragraph 21、All the infant s died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. 所有婴儿在一年之内都死了。
1993年考研翻译真题
1993年考研翻译真题精解71．The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. 结构分析：分号相当于汉语的句号，因此整个句子分为两个分句，第一个句子的主语是the method of scientific investigation，谓语是is，nothing but 是个短语，意思为“只不过，仅仅”，the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind是个固定名词短语，其核心成分是expression_r_r，它后面接了很长的介词短语做其后置定语，翻译时由后面往前面翻译，第二个句子的主语是it （指代前面的the method），by which引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的名词mode，定语从句里的主语是all phenomena，从句的谓语用了两个并列的被动语态。
参考译文：科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动必要的表达方式，这一科学方法也仅仅是对一切现象进行推理并给以精确而严谨解释的那种方式。
测试点：后置定语和定语从句；固定短语；名词短语；举一反三：“名词+介词+名词+介词”是个翻译必考的短语，这个短语的核心成分是最先出现的名词或并列名词，翻译时要求由后面往前面翻，希望广大考生特别注意。
72．There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult andcomplex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. It is not that the scales in the one case，and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.结构分析：逗号相当于句号。
1993年考研英语真题及解析
1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be ___1___in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 2 when we realize how much time we __3_ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be _ 4 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 5 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 6 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 7 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 8 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 9 is the function of the particular 10 . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 11 few entries and exits will not work for 12 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 13 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 14 _. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 15 _addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised2. [A] obscure [B] attractive [C] appropriate [D] evident3. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain4. [A] so [B] as [C] thus [D] such5. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D] each6. [A] amused [B] interested [C] shocked [D] frightened7. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into8. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D] suitable9. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention10. [A] circumstance [B] environment [C] surroundings [D] space11. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D] far12. [A] their [B] its [C] those [D] that13. [A] painted [B] covered [C] ornamented [D] decorated14. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations15. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] with文章大意首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。
考研英语翻译真题及译文归纳(1986-2011)000
(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not
robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.
46. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成 方程式。
47. 在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了有力的理由，因为如果全人类有共同的起源，那么假设文化差异也能够追溯到 更有限的源头好像就是合理的了。
48. 把差异性和独特性从共性中过滤出来也许能让我们理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，是什么从进化或认知领 域指导着它。
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.
考研英语翻译真题及译文 2012 (46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal..This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (
历年翻译真题原文及参考译文（2）
3.1992年英译汉试题及参考译⽂ Intellingenceat best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear.（71）There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily，make distinctions，reason logically，and make ue of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning the kinds of things required in school.It does not measure character，social adjustment，physical endurance，manual skills，or artistic abilities.It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes.（72）To criticise it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair. （73）Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides avalidorfaircomparison.It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin.Any test performed involves at least three factors:the intention to do one’s best，the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do，and the intellectual ability to do it.（74）The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable，and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly.Its value lies，of course，in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction.No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test;what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think requiregeneral intelligence.（75）On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 1992年英译汉试题参考译⽂ 智⼒充其量只是⼀个假设性的概念，因为智⼒的含义从来就是模糊的。
1986-1990英语真题解析
1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and［D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. ⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,”and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.”⑦A pound a week... 8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?”⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .⑩“Oh, well, no,”she said. “I was just looking.”○11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left ○the shop hurriedly. [276 words]1. ［A］so ［B］more ［C］else ［D］another2. ［A］taking ［B］making ［C］fixing ［D］keeping3. ［A］buy ［B］bought ［C］buying ［D］to have bought4. ［A］in a way ［B］by the way ［C］in the way ［D］on the way5. ［A］behind ［B］round ［C］back ［D］on6. ［A］doubted ［B］wondered ［C］puzzled ［D］delighted7. ［A］at ［B］for ［C］with ［D］in8. ［A］Why ［B］When ［C］How ［D］What9. ［A］jump ［B］leap ［C］laugh ［D］wonder10.［A］place ［B］back ［C］side ［D］front一、文章结构分析本文记叙了一位女士一次购物的经历。
1993年考研英语真题及解析
1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be ___1___in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 2 when we realize how much time we __3_ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be _ 4 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 5 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 6 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 7 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 8 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 9 is the function of the particular 10 . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 11 few entries and exits will not work for 12 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 13 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 14 _. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 15 _addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised2. [A] obscure [B] attractive [C] appropriate [D] evident3. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain4. [A] so [B] as [C] thus [D] such5. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D] each6. [A] amused [B] interested [C] shocked [D] frightened7. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into8. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D] suitable9. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention10. [A] circumstance [B] environment [C] surroundings [D] space11. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D] far12. [A] their [B] its [C] those [D] that13. [A] painted [B] covered [C] ornamented [D] decorated14. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations15. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] with文章大意首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。
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1986一、文章结构分析本文强调了要为大学生提供更多课程方面的信息，从而使他们在对各门不同学科进行钻研之后，选择符合自己兴趣和能力的学科。
二、试题具体解析21. 本题考核的知识点是：主从复合句、形式主语。
【句子结构】该句为主从复合句。
句首为if引导的条件从句，主句为it is not hard to see …，可以采用顺译法，保留句子原来的顺序。
主句中it为形式主语，不定式结构to see …为真正的主语。
how difficult it is … abilities为see的宾语从句。
从句的主干结构为how difficult it is for a student to …，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to select the course，过去分词短语most suited to his interests and abilities做后置定语，修饰先行词the course。
翻译该从句时应将真正的主语内容译出。
【词义确定】variety (of sth)意为“不同种类，多种式样”；suited to sth意为“合适，适当”。
【翻译】如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。
22. 本题考核的知识点是：主从复合句、不定式结构。
【句子结构】该句为主从复合句。
句首为if引导的条件从句，主句为he will undoubtedly benefit。
条件句的主干为If a student goes to university，三个并列的不定式结构做目的状语：to acquire … to enlarge … and to learn …。
【词义确定】acquire意为“获得，取得，学到”；perspective意为“看法，观点”。
【翻译】如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。
23.本题考核的知识点是：固定结构、不定式结构、状语。
【句子结构】该句的主干为Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere to …。
注意，too … to …结构除了用于“too + 形容词或副词+ to do sth”外，也可用于“too + 形容词+ a / an + 单数可数名词+ to do sth”。
句末为较长的不定式结构to allow …做结果状语。
Atmosphere和不定式之间插入的介词短语with its time tables and disciplines做状语，根据语义，可以译为汉语的原因状语。
【词义确定】restricting意为“限制的”；atmosphere意为“气氛”；allow (sb sth)意为“给予……”；assessment意为“估价，评估”。
【翻译】学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解。
24. 本题考核的知识点是：插入语，方式状语，主语补语【句子结构】该句的插入语部分I believe可放在句子最前面，从而看成“主谓句+宾语从句”的句型，译为：我认为……。
宾语从句的主干是Most students would profit by …，介词短语by a year of …studies做方式状语，修饰profit，译为“通过/经过……”。
句末especially those …是从句主语的补语，翻译时可提前跟在主语后。
【词义确定】exploration意为“探测，探索”，这里根据与academic studies的搭配，译为“钻研”。
all rounder意为“多面手”，根据上下文译为“全面发展的学生”。
【翻译】我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。
25. 本题考核的知识点是：there be句型、后置定语【句子结构】该句的主干结构为there be句型，即There is another side，介词短语to the question …做后置定语，修饰名词side。
其中question后跟有介词短语of how to make the best use of one’s time at university做后置定语，说明其具体内容。
【词义确定】side意为“方面”；介词to意为“属于，关于，对于”；make the best use of意为“充分地利用”。
【翻译】当然，关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。
26. 本题考核的知识点是：定语从句【句子结构】该句的主干是This is the case of the student，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词student。
【词义确定】case意为“情形，情况”。
excel in意为“在……方面出类拔萃”；branch of learning 意为“知识的一门分科”。
【翻译】某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。
27. 本题考核的知识点是：分词结构、名词转译为动词【句子结构】该句的主干为He is immediately accepted by … , and spends his three or four years becoming … , 其中谓语部分为and连接的两个动词短语，前一个是被动语态is accepted by，后一个是spend time doing sth的结构。
分词结构emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of …做结果状语，由于该部分较长，可单独译成一句。
句末名词从句what the rest of the world is all about做介词of的宾语。
【词义确定】the University of his choice和little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about中choice和knowledge都有动作含义，应译为“选择大学”和“了解外界”。
emerge意为“露头，出现”。
【翻译】他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受，再花三、四年时间成为一名专家。
结果他以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位，但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。
28. 本题考核的知识点是：主语从句、条件状语从句【句子结构】该句的主干是It therefore becomes more and more important that …，其中it为形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
主语从句中嵌套了if条件句，主语从句的主干为there will have to be much more detailed information。
由于主语从句较长，可以先单独译成一句话。
【翻译】因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的的建议。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
1987一、试题结构分析本文先论述城市对于人类生活的重要性，接着提到城市带来的问题。
最后介绍有关目前这样的城市是否应该保存下去而产生的不同意见。
二、试题具体解析26. 本题考核的知识点是：并列分句。
【句子结构】该句是but连接的两个并列分句，前一分句的主干为Life may seem inconceivable，其中主语后介词短语without urban areas做定语；后一分句的主干是cities are relatively recent development。
【词义确定】inconceivable意为“不可思议的”。
【翻译】对我们来说，生活要是没有广大的城市地区似乎是不可想象的，但实际上城市还是比较按期才发展起来的。
27. 本题考核的知识点是：定语从句。
【句子结构】该句主干是city life has always been among the elements，which引导定语从句修饰elements。
【词义确定】element意为“要素”。
【翻译】从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。
28. 本题考核的知识点是：形式主语，宾语从句。
【句子结构】该句的主干为It is virtually impossible to imagine …，其中it为形式主语，不定式结构to imagine …是真正的主语。
that引导的从句做imagine的宾语。
【词义确定】come into being意为“出现，存在，形成”。
【翻译】如果没有城市的支持，简直难以想象会有大学，医院，大企业，甚至连科学技术也不会有。
29. 本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句、定语从句。
【句子结构】however一词表明本句与上文之间的转折关系。
该句的主干为people have begun to become aware that …，that引导宾语从句。
从句的主干是cities are also areas，where引导的定语从句修饰areas。
【词义确定】aware意为“意识到的”；concentration意为“集中”。
【翻译】可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题集中的地方。
30. 本题考核的知识点是：后置定语、宾语从句。
【句子结构】该句的主干为But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question，of引导的介词短语做后置定语，修饰question，说明是什么样的问题。
whether or not引导的宾语从句做介词of的宾语。
【词义确定】concern意为“涉及，与...有关”；preserve意为“保存，保持”。
【翻译】但是，一个最主要的分歧意见是，像目前这样的城市是否还要保存下去。
31. 本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句、定语从句。
【句子结构】该句的主干为And there is also the objection，that引导同位语从句，说明objection 的具体内容。
从句的主干为the city has always been the core，from which引导的定语从句，做后置定语，修饰the core。
【词义确定】objection意为“反对，异议”；core意为“核心”；advancement意为“前进,进步”；radiate意为“散发，辐射”。
【翻译】同时也有人反对说，文化方面的进步，始终是以城市为中心而向外辐射的。