Teaching Grammar 语法教学
Chapter 5_Teaching grammar解析
Principles of teaching and learning grammarTeaching Grammer
3. Teaching grammar as skill • Help learners make the leap from the careful control of grammar as product to the effective use of grammar as process. • For example, learners may work in groups reflecting on the quality of a language they have just used in a process task. Or, they may be working on a reading task which requires attention to grammar in order to properly interpret the text. It means striking a balance between product teaching and process teaching.
Teaching Grammer
Principles of teaching and learning grammar
2. Teaching grammar as process • Engage learners in language use. The study of grammar as process is the study of grammar as it is used in communication, and communication is concerned in part with the exchange and sharing of knowledge through grammar. It is sometimes referred to as “task-based”.
Teaching Grammar 语法教学-文档资料
3.If students get enough chance to practice using a foreign language, they do not need to learn grammar.
using a foreign language?
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I. The importance of grammar
English grammar is the core of English language. Without grammar English language cannot be well constructed.
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4.Making students aware of grammatical information is one of the teaching objectives, allowing students opportunities for using the language is just as important.
grammar as the following three steps:
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Two extremes in grammar teaching over emphasize the roles of grammar overlook the roles of grammar
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The answer to whether grammar should be taught and to what extent grammar should be taught depends on some variables in the language teaching/learning context, such as learner variables and instructional variables.
英语教学法教程 teaching grammar
Beer Water Fruit Cigarett es Alcohol Milk
Using prompts for practice
picture mime or gestures information sheet key phrase or key words created situations.
Summary of Unit 7
Some suggestions about teaching grammar
1. useful and important grammar points. 2. Teach grammar in context. 3. Use visible instruments such as charts, tables, diagrams, maps, drawings to aid understanding; 4. Avoid difficult grammatical terminologies as much as possible. 5. Allow enough opportunities for practice.
Teacher: What about you? Tell your neighbour.
Using created situations: for simulative communication
• There was a robbery yesterday in the neighbourhood. A policeman is asking some questions to three of the neighbours, the following sentences into the past tense. Use the adverbs given in the brackets. • Now he lives in London. (last year, Paris) • We have English and maths today. (yesterday, music and P. E.) • He usually gets up at seven. (this morning, eight)
王蔷 英语教学法教程 第二版 Unit7
第7章Teaching grammar语法练习的活动会表述、设计一、The importance、value of grammar in language learningIt is generally believed that grammar teaching is less important for children than for adults. Grammar teaching is less important in listening and reading than in writing, and can be seen in most formal classroom language teaching. But the importance of grammar cannot be denied. Grammatical competence is essential for communication and there is often an inadequate treatment of grammar in most communicative syllabuses resulting in lower level of accuracy than the cases under formal instruction. English grammar is the core of English language. Without grammar English language cannot be well constructed. However, it should be noted that learning grammar itself is not the ultimate goal of learning English. It is natural that Chinese grammar in the minds of Chinese students, and it's not easy to take in the grammar of a foreign language. But this difficulty must be overcome. If you cannot solve this difficulty, the foreign language you write, though it may be understandable, will be Chinese style English.二、Grammar presentation 如何教语法3+41. The deductive method:The deductive method relies on reasoning, analysing and comparing. First, the teacher writes an example on the board. Then the teacher explains the underlying rules. The explanations are often done in the student’s native language. Finally, the students practise applying the rule to produce sentences with given prompts.(1) Advantages: good for selected and motivate students; save time to explain complex rules; increase students’ confidence in examination(2) Disadvantages: grammar is taught isolatedly; little attention is paid to meaning; the practice is often mechanical2. The inductive method: 能自己说出步骤书上The teacher provides learners with authentic language data and induces the learners to realize grammar rules without any form of explicit explanation.(1) Advantages: students will become evident to the grammar rules if they are given enough appropriate examples. This is especially true with grammatical regularities which are easily understood and applied. Inspire students’ thinking activities; motivate students’ learning interests; grammar is taught in context.(2) Disadvantages: the presentation of grammar is more complex and time consumption is huge; grammar is not taught directly; some rules can’t be induced easily.3. The guided discovery method: 能自己说出步骤书上It is similar to the inductive method in that the students are induced to discover rules by themselves but different in that the process of the discovery is carefully guided and assisted by the teacher and the rules are then elicited and taught explicitly.4. Some new approaches to teaching grammar:①Collocational: It means that the grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.②Constructive: It means that one’s knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit, which closely models the way language is learned and used.③Contextual: It means that elements and structures are taught in relation to their context. Syntactic and lexical choices are explicitly related to pragmatic ones, and to social and cultural contexts.④Contrastive: It means that grammar involves drawing the learner’s attention to contrast the differences between the target language and other language.三、Factors contribute to successful practice 6个因素(因素，准则，原则可作为措施的要点答题)①Pre-learning:②V olume and repetition:③Success-orientation:④Heterogeneity:⑤Teacher assistance:⑥Interest:四、评述语法教学方法P115。
Teaching Grammar 语法教学 ppt课件
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8.Knowing grammar is not enough for real communication.
9.An inadequate knowledge of grammar would severely constrain the capacity for communication.
using a foreign language?
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I. The importance of grammar
English grammar is the core of English language. Without grammar English language cannot be well constructed.
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1. How grammar is currently taught
• Task 1
•Read the following statements about grammar in English learning and decide if you agree with them or not.When you have finished, compare your results with your partner. Try to give reasons for your decisions.
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The Assumptions about grammar in language learning
1.Students need to be given detailed grammar rules if they want to learn a foreign language successfully.
中学英语学法Unit 6 Teaching Grammar
• What are the advantages and disadvantage of mechanical practice?
学到很多东西的诀窍，就是一下子
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不要学很多。 ------ 洛 克
Meaningful practice
more effective in that(=because) students
discover the grammar rules themselves
while engage学d到i很不n多要东学la西很n的多诀g。窍u--，--a-就-g洛是e克一下u子se.
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• In practice, the distinction between the deductive method and the inductive method is not always apparent.
学到很多东西的诀窍，就是一下子
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不要学很多。 ------ 洛 克
Ur predicts that the following 6 factors contribute to successful practice:
Pre-learning. Learners benefit from clear perception and short-term memory of the new language.
学到很多东西的诀窍，就是一下子
13
不要学很多。 ------ 洛 克
Heterogeneity. Practice should be able to elicit different sentences and generate different levels of answers from different learners.
Teaching Grammar
The presentation of meaning and use should take place in some contexts. For example, when teaching the modal verb can, you can invent a story like this: A group of students went on an outing. Unfortunately, their car crashed. Most of them were injured. Thus Jane can`t walk. Lucy can`t play tennis, etc. But Tom is lucky. He was not injured. So he can do what he wants as usual.
Example 2: T: A male chauvinist doesn`t help with the washing-up. What else doesn`t he do? S1: He doesn`t approve of women going out to work.
S2: He doesn`t … e. Teacher assistance: The teacher has to give students extra time to reread or think; simply or repeat a text to facilitate comprehension; encourage students to produce the whole message; provide suggestions, hints or prompts… f. Interest: topic; visual aids; open-endedness; information gap; personalization; pleasurable tension; entertainment; play- acting…
UNIT 7 teaching grammar
Substitution drills :
• The students substitute a part in a structure so that they get to know how that part functions in a sentence. Substitution drills that involve changes in forms are more effective than those in which students simply replace the target part with another word. Give an example to show this. p109
The presentation should not take longer than five minutes.---Ur 1996
• • • • • A synthesis approach: four demands Collocational (relations) Constructive (bit by bit) Contextual contrastive
True or False (Task 1)
•
1. Students need to be given detailed grammar rules if they want to learn a foreign language successfully 2. Children do not learn grammar rules when they acquire their L1, so they don’t need them either when learning a foreign language. (environment or input) 3. If students get enough chance to practice using a foreign language, they do not need to learn grammar. (accuracy)
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The inductive method
•In the inductive method, the teacher induces the learners to realize grammar rules without any form of explicit (clear) explanation. Students will become evident to the grammar rules if they are given enough appropriate examples.
Teaching procedures
•Advantages • inspire students’ thinking activities • motivate students’ learning interests • grammar is taught in context. •Disadvantages
4.Making students aware of grammatical information is one of the teaching objectives, allowing students opportunities for using the language is just as important. 5.Grammar should be taught to help students to analyze difficult structures in texts. 6.Teaching and learning grammar should focus on practice rather than the study of grammar itself. 7.Grammar should be taught and practiced in context.
II. The role of Grammar in ELT
• The value of grammar in foreign language teaching has been a focus of debate for decades, and no conclusion is in sight.
•Generally speaking, Chinese learners of English as a foreign language need a certain degree of mastery of English grammar.
•However, it should be noted that learning grammar itself is not the ultimate goal of learning English.
8.Knowing grammar is not enough for real communication. 9.An inadequate knowledge of grammar would severely constrain the capacity for communication. 10.Grammar will always be “the boring bit” of language learning.
2.Children do not learn grammar rules when they acquire their first language, so they do not need them either when learning a foreign language.
3.If students get enough chance to practice using a foreign language, they do not need to learn grammar.
Write down the first ideas that come into your head.
I. The importance of grammar
English grammar is the core of English language. Without grammar English language cannot be well constructed. There is naturally Chinese grammar in the minds of Chinese students, and it's not easy to take in the grammar of a foreign language. If you cannot solve this difficulty, the foreign language you write, though it may be understandable, will be Chinese style English.
Task
Suppose you are going to teach the structure"used to do" in a deductive method. How would you do it? 10 minutes preparation and then demonstrate)
The deductive method
The deductive method relies on reasoning, analysing and comparing.
1. Deductive method: The deductive method relies reasoning, analyzing and comparing. Teaching procedure
over emphasize the roles of grammar
overlook the roles of grammar
The answer to whether grammar should be taught and to what extent grammar should be taught depends on some variables in the language teaching/learning context, such as learner variables and instructional variables.
on
Deductive method:
Advantages: • good for selected and motivate students • save time to explain complex rules • increase students’ confidence in examination Disadvantages: • grammar is taught isolatedly • little attention is paid to meaning • the practice is often mechanical
It is generally believed that • Grammar teaching is less important for children than for adults; • Grammar teaching is less important in listening and reading than in writing.
1. How grammar is currently taught • Task 1 •Read the following statements about grammar in English learning and decide if you agree with them or not.When you have finished, compare your results with your partner. Try to give reasons for your decisions.
The Assumptions about grammar in language learning
1.Students need to be given detailed grammar rules if they want to learn a foreign language successfully.
For many years Chinese teachers of English have followed the traditional way of teaching grammar as the following three steps:
Two extremes in grammar teaching
2.Place of Grammar in English teaching? • Grammar is not a separate `subject', nor is it even a separate division of English work. • Language teaching theory has tended to emphasize the rapid development of automatic speech habits, and the need to discourage students from thinking consciously about the underlying grammatical rules.
Teaching Grammar
Aims of this Unit
Activity Grammar is….
What do you think and feel about grammar? ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ Must a learner learn grammar when using a foreign language?