电路原理及电工学常用专业英文词汇

电路原理专业词汇表Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits”Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits 电路electrical circuit电流current电荷electric charge电压voltage电位potential电位差potential difference电动势electromotive force功率power能量energy电阻resistor / resistance电导conductor / conductance电感inductor / inductance电容capacitor / capacitance欧姆定律Ohm’s Law广义欧姆定律generalized Ohm’s Law参考方向reference direction电压极性voltage polarity正极positive polarity负极negative polarity理想独立电压源ideal independent voltage source理想独立电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)压控电流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS)流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS)流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS)节点node支路branch回路loop基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’s Law基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)闭合面closed boundary集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件lumped element分布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element无源器件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistorcircuits串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻equivalent resistanceY-Δ变换Wye-Delta transformation入端电阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路电流法method of branch current节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method网孔电流法mesh current method外网孔outer mesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵matrix行row列column参考节点reference node平面电路planar circuit方程equation消去法elimination technique克莱姆法则Cr amer’s rule代入法substitution method运算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向输入端noninverting input反向输入端inverting input输出端output等效电路模型equivalent circuit model开环放大倍数open-loop gain闭环放大倍数closed-loop gain入端电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance线性工作区linear region正向饱和区positive saturation反向饱和区negative saturation同向放大noninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-sustained oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems叠加原理superposition principle输入/激励input / excitation输出/响应output / response线性电路linear circuit代数和algebraic sum替代定理substitution principle戴维南定理Thevenin’s Theorem诺顿定理Norton’s Theorem二端网络two-terminal circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem功率平衡定理Power-balancing Theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem对偶原理principle of duality对偶元件dual element对偶图dual graphChapter 5 Nonlinear Circuit非线性电路nonlinear circuit非线性元件nonlinear element压控电阻voltage-controlled resistor流控电阻current-controlled resistor静态电阻static resistance动态电阻dynamic resistance小信号分析small-signal analysis小信号模型small-signal modal分段线性化法piece-wise linear mthod数值解法numerical analysisChapter 6 First-order Circuit一阶电路first-order circuit一阶微分方程first-order differential equation 过渡过程transient process线性时不变电路linear time-invariable circuit 单位阶跃函数unit step function单位脉冲函数unit pulse function单位斜坡函数unit ramp function起始条件initial condition起始值initial value零输入响应zero-input response零状态响应zero-state response稳态响应steady-state response暂态响应transient response时间常数time constant指数函数exponential function阶跃响应step response冲激响应impulse response自由响应natural response强迫响应forced response全响应complete response稳态值final value卷积积分convolution integration时域延迟time delay换路switching跳变现象jump phenomenon脉冲持续时间pulse duration脉冲重复周期repeating period of pulseChapter 7 Second-order Circuit二阶电路second-order circuit齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系数微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然频率natural frequency衰减系数damping factor谐振角频率resonant frequency / undamped natural frequency 过阻尼情况overdamped case欠阻尼情况underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固有振荡角频率damping frequency / damped natural frequency 衰减振荡damped oscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform实数real复数complex衰减attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis幅值amplitude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角频率angular frequency周期period频率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initial phase angle瞬时值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effective valueroot-mean-square valueu 领先i φu leads i by φu 落后i φu lags i by φ同相in phase反相opposite in phase实部real part虚部imaginary part直角坐标形式rectangular form极坐标形式polar form指数形式exponential form相量phasor参考相量reference phasor电压三角形voltage triangle瞬时功率instantaneous power平均功率average power阻抗impedance导纳admittance电抗reactance电纳susceptance感性inductive容性capacitive正弦稳态响应sinusoidal steady-state response时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor (pf)复功率complex power功率三角形power triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功功率active power无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配impedance matching共轭匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9 Magnetically Coupled Circuits 耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux互感电压mutual / induced voltage线圈coil铁心线圈coil with iron core匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transformer空心变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想变压器ideal transformer全耦合变压器unity-coupled transformer 变比turns ratio / transformation ratio自耦合变压器auto-transformer多绕组变压器multiple-winding transformer 右螺旋定则right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity 漏感leakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality factor频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristic Chapter 11 Frequency Response复频率complex frequency网络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数logarithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截止频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwidth无源滤波器passive filter有源滤波器active filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filter Chapter 12 Three-phase Circuits对称三相电源balanced three-phase sources 对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wire system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line currentChapter 13 Steady-State Response of PeriodicExcitation周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里叶级数trigonometric Fourier series指数形式的付里叶级数exponential Fourier series付里叶系数Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamental frequency谐波harmonic wave高次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线spectrum line线状频谱line spectrum奇次odd偶次even奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦尔定理Parseval’s theoremChapter 14 Fourier Transformation andLaplace Transformation付里叶变换Fourier transformation拉普拉斯变换Laplace transformation原函数original function象函数transform function积分变换integral transformation频域frequency domain幅度谱amplitude spectrum相位谱phase spectrum矩形脉冲rectangular pulse线性性质linearity时域微分time differentiation时域积分time integration时域平移time shift频域平移frequency shift拉普拉斯反变换inverse Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换对Laplace pairsChapter 15 Two-port Networks端口port二端口网络two-port network四端网络four-terminal network / quadripole Z参数impedance parametersY参数admittance parametersH参数Hybrid parametersT参数Transmission parameters策动点driving point(二端口)级联cascade connection传播常数transmission constantChapter 16 Basis of Network Graph Theory 图graph拓扑图topological graph子图subgraph连通图connected graph有向图oriented graph树tree树支tree branch连支link割集cut set降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix增广矩阵augmented matrix秩rank基本回路矩阵fundamental loop matrix基本割集矩阵fundamental cut set matrix单位阵unit matrix转置阵transposed matrix正定矩阵positive definite matrix非奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix逆矩阵inverse matrix方阵square matrix零矩阵zero matrix行列式determinantChapter 17 State Variables Approach状态变量state variable状态方程state equation状态空间state space列向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristic vector特征方程characteristic equation相似矩阵similar matrixChapter 18 Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits非线性时变电路nonlinear time-varying circuit自治电路非自治电路前向欧拉法forward Eular’s method后向欧拉法backward Eular’s method相平面状态平面state planar相轨线中心点焦点节点鞍点平衡点稳定性stability渐近稳定asymptotic stabilityChapter 19 Distributed Circuits分布参数电路distributed circuit传输线transmission line均匀传输线uniform transmission line 反射reflection透射transmission波长wave length波速wave speed行波traveling wave驻波standing wave正向行波direct wave反向行波returning wave波阻抗wave impedance波前wave front传播常数propagation constant Appendix Magnetic Circuit磁路magnetic circuit铁磁物质ferromagnetic substance磁导率magnetic permeability磁感应强度magnetic induction磁通magnetic flux磁链magnetic linkage磁通势magnetomotive force磁通密度magnetic flux density磁通连续性定理principle of continuity of magnetic flux 磁场强度magnetic flux intensity磁阻reluctance磁导permeance安培环路定理principle of Ampere loop circuit磁化曲线magnetization curve磁滞回线hysteresis loop磁滞hysteresis涡流eddy current涡流损失eddy current loss集肤效应skin effect漏磁通leakage flux磁饱和magnetic saturation电磁感应定律law of electromagnetic induction励磁电流exciting current《电工学上》中英名词对照表一阶电路first-order circuitV形曲线V curve三相电路three-phase circuit三相功率three-phase power三相三线制three-phase three-wire system三相四线制three-phase four-wire system三相变压器three-phase transformer三角形联接trianular connection三角波triangular wave三相异步电动机three-phase induction motor 支路branch支路电流法branch current method中性点neutral point中性线neutral conductor中央处理器centre processing unit（CPU）互感mutual inductance介电常数permittivity of the dielectric瓦特Watt功率表powermeter无功功率reactive power韦伯Weber反电动势counter emf反相opposite in phase反馈控制feedback control方框图block diagram开路open circuit开关switch水轮发电机water-wheel generator功work功率power功率因数power factor功率三角形power triangle功率角power angle电能electric energy 电荷electric charge电场electric field电场强度electric field intensity电位electric potential电位差electric potential difference 电位升potential rise电位降potential drop电位计potentiometer电压voltage电压三角形voltage triangle电动势electromotive force（emf）电源source电压源voltage source电流源current source电路circuit电路分析circuit analysis电路元件circuit element电路模型circuit model电流current电流密度current density电流互感器current transformer电阻resistance电阻器resistor电阻性电路resistive circuit电阻率resistivity电导conductance电导率conductivity电容capacitance电容器capacitor电容性电路capacitive circuit电感inductance电感器inductor电感性电路inductive circuit电桥bridge电机electric machine电磁转矩electromagnetic torque电角度electrical degree电枢armature电枢反应armature reaction电工测量electrical measurement电磁式仪表electromagnetic instrument电动式仪表electrodynamic instrument平均值average value平均功率average power正极positive pole正方向positive direction正弦量sinusoid正弦电流sinusoidal current结点node结点电压法node voltage method对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit 主磁通main flux外特性external characteristic发送机transmitter他励发电机separately excited generator可编程控制器programmable controller（PLC）安培Ampere电流表currenter安匝ampere-turns伏特V olt电压表valeage伏安特性曲线volt-ampere characteristic有效值effective value有功功率active power交流电路alternating current circuit (a-ccircuit) 交流电机alternating-current machine自感self-inductance自感电动势self-induced emf自耦变压器autotransformer自励发电机self-excited generator自整角机selsyns 自动控制automatic control自动调节automatic regulation自锁self-locking负极negative pole负载load负载线load line负反馈negative feedback动态电阻dynamic resistance并联parallel connection并联谐振parallel resonance并励发电机shunt d-c generator并励电动机shunt d-c motor并励绕组shunt field vending同步发电机synchronous generator同步电动机synchronous motor同步转速synchronous speed同相in phase机械特性torque-speed characteristic过励overexcitation执行元件servo-unit传递函数transfer function传感器transducer闭环控制closed loop control回路loop网络network导体conductor导纳admittance阶跃电压step voltage全电流定律law of total current全响应complete response麦克斯韦Maxwell基尔霍失电流定律Kirchhof f’s current law （KCL）基尔霍失电压定律Kirchhof’s voltage law（KVL）库仑Coulomb亨利Henry角频率angular frequency串联series connection串联谐振series resonance串励绕组series field winding阻抗impedance阻抗三角形impedance triangle阻转矩counter torque初相位initial phase时间常数time constant时域分析time domain analysis时间继电器time-delay relay励磁电流exciting current励磁机exciter励磁绕组field winding励磁电流exciting current励磁变阻器field rheostat两相异步电动机two-phase induction motor 两功率表法two-powermeter method伺服电动机servomotor步进电动机stepping motor步距角stepangle汽轮发电机turboalternator直流电路direct current circuit (d-c cir-cuit) 直流电机direct-current machine法拉Farad空载no-load空载特性open-circuit characteristic空气隙air gap非线性电阻nonlinear resistance非正弦周期电流nonsinusoidal periodic受控电源controlled source变压器transformer变比ration of transformation变阻器rheostat线电压line voltage线电流line current线圈coil线性电阻linear resistance 周期period参考电位reference potential参数parameter视在功率apparent power定子stator转子rotor转子电流rotor current转差率slip转速speed转矩torque组合开关switchgroup制动braking单相异步电动机single-phase induction motor 相phase相电压phase voltage相电流phase current相位差phase difference相位角phase angle相序phase sequence相量phasor相量图phasor diagram响应response星形联接star connection复数complex number阻抗impedance导纳admittance复励发电机compound d-c generator欧姆Ohm欧姆定律Ohm's law等效电路equivalent circuit品质因数quality factor绝缘insulation绝缘体insulator显极转子salient poles rotor测速发电机tachometer generator绕组winding绕线式转子wound rotor起动starting起动电流starting current起动转矩starting torque起动按钮start button容抗capacitive reactance容纳capacitive susceptance诺顿定理Norton's theorem高斯Gauss原动机prime mover原绕组primary winding铁心core铁损core loss矩形波rectangular wave特征方程characteristic equation积分电路integrating circuit效率efficiency振荡放电oscill tory discharge继电器relay热继电器thermal overload relay（OLR）换向器commutator调节特性regulating characteristic调速speed regulation继电接触器控制relay-contactor control 副绕组secondary winding铜损copper loss基波fundamental harmonic谐波harmonic谐振频率resonant frequency通频带bandwidth理想电压源ideal voltage source理想电流源ideal current source减幅振荡attenuated oscillation常开触点normally open contact常闭触点normally closed contact停止stopping停止按钮stop button接收机receiver 接触器contactor控制电动机control motor控制电路control circuit旋转磁场rotating magnetic field隐极转子nonsalient poles rotor涡流eddy current涡流损耗eddy-current loss焦耳Joule奥斯特Oersted短路short circuit锯齿波sawtooth wave幅值amplitude最大值maximum value最大转矩maximum（breakdown）torque 滞后lag超前lead傅里叶级数Fourier series暂态transient state暂态分量transient component等幅振荡unattenuated oscillation联锁interlocking感抗inductive reactance感纳inductive susceptance感应电动势induced emf楞次定则Lenz's law频率frequency频域分析frequency domain analysis频谱spectrum输入input输出output微法microfarad微分电路differentiating circuit叠加原理superposition theorem零状态响应zero-state response零输入响应zero-input response罩极式电动机shaded-pole motor滑环slip ring鼠笼式转子squirrel-cage rotor截止角频率cutoff angular frequency 滤波器filters磁场magnetic field磁场强度magnetizing farce磁路magnetic circuit磁通flux磁感应强度flux density磁通势magnetomotive force（mmf）磁阻reluctance磁导率permeability磁化magnetization磁化曲线magnetization curve磁滞hysteresis磁滞回线hysteresis loop磁滞损耗hysteresis loss磁极pol磁电式仪表magnetoelectric instrument 漏磁通leakage flux漏磁电感leakage inductance漏磁电动势leakage emf赫兹Hertz稳态steady state稳态分量steady state component静态电阻static resistance碳刷carbon brush额定值rated value额定rated voltage额定功率rated power额定转矩tated torque瞬时值instantaneous value戴维宁定理Thevenin's theorem激励excitation满载full load槽fuse熔断器fuse《电工学下》中英名词对照表二画PN结PN junctionP型半导体P-type semiconductorJK触发器JK flip-flopD触发器 D flip-flop二极管diode二进制binary system二进制计数器binary counter十进制decimal system十进制计数器decimal counter二—十进制binary coded decimal system（BCD）三画RC选频网络RC selection frequency networkRS触发器RS flip-flopN型半导体N-type semiconductorN沟道N-channel门电路gate circuit三态逻辑门tri-state logic gate三相整流器three-phase rectifier工作点operating point干扰interference上升沿rise edge下降沿fall edge四画方框图block diagram双稳态触发器bistable flip-flop无稳态触发器astable flip-flop无输出变压器功率放大器output transformerless（OTL）power amplifier 无输出电容器功率放大器output capacitorless（OCL）power amplifier反向电阻backward resistance反向偏置backward bias反向击穿reverse breakdown反相器inverter反馈feedback反馈系数feedback coefficient互补对称功率放大器complementary symmetry power amplifier少数载流子minority carrier 分立电路discrete circuit分贝decibel（DB）分频frequency division分辨率resolution开启电压threshold voltage开关型直流电源switching mode direct power supply计数器counter与门AND gate与非门NAND gate与或非门and-or-invert（AOI）gate卡诺图Karnaugh map五画电感滤波器inductance filter电容滤波器capacitor filter电流放大系数current amplification coefficient电压放大器voltage amplifier电压放大倍数voltage gain电压比较器voltage comparator主从型触发器master-slave flip-flop失真distortion只读存储器read only memory（ROM）可编程逻辑器件programmable logic device（PLD）可关断晶闸管gate turn-off thyristor （GTO）功率放大器power amplifier功率晶体管giant transistor（GTR）正向电阻forward resistance正向偏置forward bias正反馈positive feedback正弦波振荡器sinusoidal oscillator正逻辑positive logic击穿breakdown占空比duty ratio加法器adder发射极emitter发光二极管light- emitting diode（LED）布尔代数Boolean algebra半波可控整流half -wave controlled rectifier半波整流器half -wave rectifier半加器half-adder半导体semiconductor本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor失调电压offset voltage失调电流offset current平均延迟时间average delay time六画共模信号common-mode signal共模输入common-mode input共模抑制比common-mode rejection ratio （CMRR）共发射极接法common-emitter configuration共价键covalent bond动态dynamics杂质impurity伏安特性volt-ampere characteristics扩散diffusion全波整流器biphase（full –wave）rectifier 全波可控整流biphase controlled rectifier 全加器full adder全局布线区global routing pool（GRP）负反馈negative feedback负载电阻load resistance负载线load line负电阻negative resistance负逻辑negative logic夹断电压pinch-off voltage多级放大器multistage amplifier多数载流子majority carrier多谐振荡器astable multivibrator自由电子free electron自激振荡器self-excited oscillator自偏压self-bias导通on导电沟道conductive在系统可编程in system programmable （ISP）异或门exclusive-OR gate异步二进制计数器asynchronous binary counter同步二进制计数器synchronous binary counter同或门exclusive-NOR gate发光二极管light- emitting diode（LED）场效晶体管field-effect transistor（FET）光敏电阻photo-sensitive resistor光电二极管photodiode光电晶体管phototransistor 光电藕合器photocoupler传输门transmission gate（TG）传输特性transfer characteristics七画运算放大器operational amplifier低频放大器low-frequency amplifier时钟脉冲clock pulse时序逻辑电路sequential logic circuit谷点valley point译码器decipherer阻容—耦合放大器resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier阻断interception阻挡层barrier采样保持sample and hold串联型稳压电源series voltage rgulator八画空穴hole空间电荷区space-charge layer固定偏置fixed-bias直接耦合放大器direct- coupled amplifier 单稳态触发器monostable flip-flop单结晶体管unijuction transistor（UJT）金属—氧化物—半导体metal-oxide-semiconductor（MOS）非门NOT gate非线性失真nonlinear diatortion或门OR gate或非门NOR gate饱和saturation转移特性transfer characteristic定时器timer参数parameter参考电压reference voltage组合逻辑电路combinational logic circuit九画穿透电流penetration current复合recombination复合晶体管Darlington复位reset差放放大器differential amplifier差模信号differential-mode signal差模输人differential-mode input绝缘栅双极型晶体管insulated gate bipolar transistor（IGBT）绝缘栅场效晶体管isolated-gatefield-effect transistor（IGFET）栅极gate，grid恒流源constant current source通用逻辑块generic logic block（GLB）通用阵列逻辑generic array logic（GAL）脉冲pulse脉冲宽度pulse width脉冲幅度pulse amplitude脉冲周期pulse period脉冲前沿pulse leading edge脉冲后沿pulse trailing edge十画桥式整流器bridge rectifier旁路电容bypass capacitor射极输出器emitter follower振荡器oscillator振荡频率oscillation frequency耗尽层depletion layer耗尽型MOS场效晶体管depletion mode MOSFET载流子carrier硅silicon硅稳压二极管Zener diode峰点peak point热敏电阻thermistor十一画逻辑门1ogic gates逻辑电路1ogic circuit基极base控制极control grid偏流current bias偏置电路biasing circuit接地ground，grounding；earth，earthing 虚地imaginary ground维持电流holding current基本RS触发器basic RS flip-flop随机存取存储器random access memory （RAM）寄存器register移位寄存器shift register清零clear掺杂半导体doped semiconductor十二画晶体crstal晶体管transistor晶体管—晶体管逻辑电路transistor- transistor logic （TTL）circuit编码coding晶闸管thyristor集成电路integrated circuit（IC）集电极collector幅频特性amplitude frequency-response characteristic编码器encoder最小项miniterm十三画源极sourse滤波器filter数字电路digital circuit数字集成电路digital integrated circuit数码显示digital display数—模转换器digital-analog converter （DAC）数据选择器multiplexer数据分配器demultiplexer锗germanium输入输出单元input output cell（IOC）输入电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance输出布线区output routing pool（ORP）输出逻辑宏单元output logic macro cell （OLMC）零点漂移zero drift跨导transconductance触发器flip-flop十四画截止cut-off漂移drift静态statics静态工作点quiescent point漏极drain模—数转换器analog - digital converter （ADC）模拟电路analog circuit稳压二极管Zener diode十五画整流电路rectifier circuit增强型MOS场效晶体管enhancement mode MOSFET。