英语复习思考题答案
西南大学《英语阅读二》复习思考题及答案
（（0065）《英语阅读二》复习思考题I Sentence comprehension1. My discovery of Tillie Olsen was a gift from a friend; years ago she gave me her copy of Tell Me a Riddle because she liked the stories and wanted to share the experience.What do we know about Tillie Olsen?A. She is a friend.B. She likes stories.C. She gives gifts.D. She is an author.2. What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living that make Mrs. Richards anything but common.According to this statement, what kind of person is Mrs. Richards?A. She is very obvious.B. She is an unusual person.C. She is anything she wants to be.D. She is quite ordinary.3. The Green Tiger Press believes that the relatively unknown works of great children‘s illustrators are sources of vast beauty and power, and is attempting to make these treasures more easily available.What is the goal of this printing company?A. to publish more children‘s booksB. to develop powerful storiesC. to make children‘s illustrations more e asily availableD. to encourage artists to become children‘s illustrators4. Any thought that this new custom will remain unchanged--or in Europe will remain uniquely English--is ridiculous.What does the author believe about the new custom?A. It will remain limited.B. The custom will change.C. Acceptance of the custom is ridiculous.D. The custom will remain in Europe.5. The student revolt is not only a thorn in the side of the president‘s newly established government, but it has international implications as well.Whom or what does this revolt affect?A. the studentsB. the side of the president‘s bodyC. only the national governmentD. national and international affairs6.The medical journal reported that heart attack victims who recover are approximately five times as likely to die within the next five years as those people without a history of heart disease.What did this article say about people who have had a heart attack?A. They are more likely to die in the near future than others.B. They will die in five years.C. They are less likely to die than people without a history of heart disease.D. They are likely to recover.7.Young people need to develop the values, attitude, and problem-solving skills essential to their participation in a political system that was designed, and is still based, on the assumption that all citizens would be so prepared.What is a basic assumption of this political system?A. All people will be capable of participation.B. All people participate in the system.C. All people should have the same values and attitudes.D. Most people cannot develop the skills to participate in the system.8. While we may be interested in the possibilities of social harmony and individual fulfillment to be achieved through nontraditional education, one cannot help being cautious about accepting any sort of one-sided educational program as a cure for the world‘s ills.How does the author feel about nontraditional education?A. He believes that it has no possibility of success.B. He doubts that it can cure the world‘s ills.C. He feels that it is a cure for the world‘s ills.D. He believes it will bring social harmony.9. The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.What is necessary to correct the problems of society?A. basic changes in its structureB. fewer political speechesC. honest politiciansD. basic changes in political methods10. Since industry and commerce are the largest users of electrical energy, using less electricity would mean a reduced industrial capacity and fewer jobs in the affected industries and therefore an unfavorable change in our economic structure. According to this sentence, decreasing the use of electricityA. Must begin immediately.B. Isn‘t important.C. Will cause difficulties.D. Won‘t affect industry.11.The student revolt is not only a thorn in the side of the president‘s newly established government, but it has international implications as well.Whom or what does this revolt affect?A. the studentsB. the side of the president‘s bodyC. only the national governmentD. national and international affairs12.Just before his birthday John received a horse from his father; this was the first of a series of expensive gifts intended to create the impression of a loving parent.Why did John receive the horse?A. because he was tenB. because his father loved himC. because his father wanted to seem lovingD. because his father wouldn‘t be able to give him expensive gifts in the future13.Heavy smokers and drinkers run a fifteen-times greater risk of developing cancer of the mouth and throat than nonsmokers and nondrinkers.Which of the following sentences best reflects the meaning of the above one?A. Cancer of the mouth and throat is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers than in nonsmokers and nondrinkers.B. People who never drink and smoke will not get mouth or throat cancer.C. Heavy drinkers who run have a greater risk of developing cancer than nondrinkers.D. People would probably be healthier if they did not drink and smoke too much.14.This is not just a sad-but-true story; the boy‘s experience is horrible and damaging, yet a sense of love shines through every word.How does the author of this sentence feel about the story?A. It transmits a sense of love.B. It is not true.C. It is just sad.D. It is horrible and damaging.15.The financial si tuation isn‘t bad yet, but we believe that we have some vital information and, if it is correct, unemployment will soon become a serious problem.What do we know about the financial situation?A. It won‘t change.B. It is not bad now.C. It will become a serious problem.D. It will improve.16. The general then added, ―The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems caused by the current unstable political situation is one of diplomacy and economic measures and not the use of military force.‖What type of solution does the general support?A. economic and diplomatic actionB. diplomatic and economic action if military force failsC. only diplomatic actionD. military actions in response to political problems17. Because the supply of natural gas was plentiful in comparison to other choices like coal and fuel oil, and because it burns cleaner, many people changed their eating systems to natural gas, thereby creating shortages.Why did people prefer gas?A. It was natural.B. There were no other choices.C. The other fuels were dirtier and less plentiful.D. There is, even today, a plentiful supply of it.18. Few phenomena in history are more puzzling than this one: that men and women with goals so vague, with knowledge so uncertain, with hopes so foggy, still would have risked dangers so certain and tasks so great.What historical fact is puzzling?A. that people had such vague goalsB. that people took such great risksC. that people had foggy hopes and uncertain knowledgeD. that people completed such great tasks19. Alexis, ruler of a city where politics was a fine art, concealed his fears, received the noblemen with extravagant ceremonies, impressed them with his riches, praised them, entertained them, bribed them, made them promise he had no intention of keeping—and thus succeed in keeping their troops outside his city walls.Why did Alexis give money and attention to the noblemen?A. because they praised himB. in order to prevent their armies from entering the cityC. in order to impress them with his richesD. because they were his friendsII Reading comprehensionPassage 1Joe Templer should have known better. After all, he works for a large auto-insurance company. It won‘t hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, he thought, as he fille d his gas tank at a self-service gas station. But moments later, as he was paying the money, he saw the truck being driven away.In 1987, 1.6 million motor vehicles were stolen in the United States? One every 20 seconds. If current trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could exceed two million by the end of the decade.Vehicle theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year. The cost is astonishing.Many police officials blame professional thieves for the high volume of the thefts. It is amajor money-maker for organized crime. Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200000 cars are smuggled out of the country every year. Most go to Latin America, the Middle East and Europe.Only about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, because few police departments routinely conduct in depth auto-investigations. When thieves are arrested, judges will often sentence them to probation, not immediately put them in prison because the prisons are overcrowded with violent criminals.One exception is a Michigan program that assigns 92 police officers to work full-time on the state‘s 65000 car theft cases a year. Since 1986, when the effort began,the state‘s auto-theft rate has fallen from second in the nation to ninth.How can you protect your car? If you live in a high-theft area or drive an expensive model, consider a security system. It may cost anywhere from $25 to$1,000. Some systems engage automatically? Simply removing the key disables the fuel pump and the starter. When cars are equipped with such systems, thefts may drop by one-third. In some states, you may be able to use a device that transmits radio signals, allowing stolen cars to be tracked by police.1. What does the author think Joe Templer should be blamed for?A. He should have equipped his car with a security system.B. He should not have his car refilled at the gas station.C. He should not have been so sure of himself.D. He should have shut down the engine of his car.2. What is NOT a reason for the increase of car theft as mentioned in the passage?A. Police don‘t give enough attention to car theft cases.B. More people park their cars and left the keys inside.C. Measures and laws against car thieves are not effective enough.D. Car theft brings car thieves much money.3. It is obvious that the Michigan program _____ .A. has no effect on the overall picture of the whole state.B. involves much work but proves to be quite effective.C. involves the construction of larger prisonsD. involves the development of a new security system4. What type(s) of security system can help the police find a stole car back?A. The device that sends out radio signalsB. The device that disables the fuel pump.C. The device that disables the starter.D. All of the above.Passage 2After a three-year survey of the social and behavioral sciences, a committee of the NRC has concluded that these sciences are losing out in the race for federal science funds. Between 1972 and 1978, federal support for the social and behavioral sciences fell 25 percent, while support for other areas of science rose 36 percent.Psychological, social and cultural studies pertaining to virtually everything that people treat as a problem in our civilization, the committee writes, play a large role. Paradoxically, one would think these would be times when social science research would be riding high. Yet eve though governments are more that alarmed about a variety of social problems, they are inclined to deal with them by trial and (often) error. The abuse of drugs is a widespread concern, but governments seem to with the qualifications of teachers and their salaries.If we lack an adequate understanding of drug abuse and educational processes, are we flying blind attempting to deal with these behaviors? What domains of your life could benefit from social and behavioral science research? For instance, are we concerned about crime? Consider that recent sociological research reveals that nearly half of all urban-dwelling American males can expect to be arrested for some non-traffic offense during their lives. However, a very small group of career predators are responsible for a grossly disproportionate share of all crimes committed. What does this insight suggest to you about American criminal Justice and prison policies. Sociological work also shows that most criminals halt their careers by age 25 to 30. Does this finding have policy implication? If a 29-year-old-burglar whose criminal career is nearly over is imprisoned for ten years, may many years of that imprisonment be wasted on expensive and unnecessary confinement?5. According to the author, social and behavioral sciences are losing federal financial support chiefly because some people _____ .A. don‘t see the seriousness of the present situationB. don‘t quite see the use for these sciencesC. only consider natural sciences as true sciencesD. are unable to solve social problems with them6. In the second paragraph, the author gives two examples of social problems to show that _____ .A. social problems are on the rise currentlyB. the government does not try hard to solve such problemsC. some attacks on such problems are often blindD. such problems often go unsolved7. In the third paragraph, the author uses some findings to illustrate _____ .A. some achievements made in social and behavioral sciencesB. the demand for social and behavioral studiesC. the current trend in the increase of crimesD. the inefficiency of criminal justice and prison policies8. In the last sentence of the passage, the word confinement is closest in meaning to the word_____ .A. fundsB. solutionC. researchD. imprisonmentPassage 3Writing to learn makes it possible to show learning in writing. Much of the writing you will do in college and at work will ask you to demonstrate what you have learned. The success of that demonstration will depend on, among other things, revising your writing to show your knowledge to best advantage. When you have begun to see what you want to say (frequently this becomes clear at the very end of a first draft), it is time to start thinking about how to present your ideas to others. It is time to start thinking about revising.Revising can be described as the most important (and frequently most neglecteD. part of writing. Novelists Doris Lessing has said that many novels miss greatness because authors are unwilling or unable to revise them. James Michener explains the importance of revision this way: I have never thought of myself as a good writer. Anyone who wants reassurance of that should read one of my first drafts. But I‘m one of the world‘s great revisers.Revising takes many forms. It means thinking about the audience for your writing. Who will read your work and why? It also means developing an overall plan for the writing that will make your ideas clear. Often the organization of a first draft will reflect your process of discovery, but that may not be the best way to present your ideas to someone else. Revising also gives attention to the style of language, to the structure of a paragraph, and to the shape of sentences and other forms that show learning to its best advantage.Writing to learn and writing to show learning are never, of course, entirely separate processes. Writers frequently consider issues of demonstrating learning while writing to learn, and writing to show learning often leads to new understandings. In drafting, for example, you may start thinking about what an audience will need to know in order to understand your point and change a word or a phrase to make your meaning clearer. But understanding the differences between writing to learn and writing to show learning is central to seeing writing as a process.9. The author thinks that revising starts when _____ .A. you want to show what you knowB. you think about your audienceC. you have discovered your ideaD. you have developed an overall writing plan10. The chief purpose in revising your writing is for you to _____ .A. learn in the course of writingB. add new ideas to your writingC. show your learning to its best advantageD. use an appropriate style of language11. What Doris Lessing said helps to support the idea that _____ .A. he is one of the wo rld‘s great revisersB. he is not a good writerC. revising is very importantD. many writers are unwilling to revise their works12. The passage is mainly about _____ .A. the importance of revisingB. the importance of writingC. how to compose good writingD. how to revise your writingPassage 4That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems obvious. But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people‘s relationship with their natural environment and, provide food, clothing, and shelter. Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural habitat. Some societal variation derives from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.We confront a habitat and evolve a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops, as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural traits. Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. Likewise, technology—the application of knowledge for practical weds—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest sense, technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, solar, and so on). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our cultures to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.13. The author points out that differences in people‘s ways of life come from _____ .A. their cultural traditionsB. their adaptations to the environmentC. their demands for natural resourcesD. their notions about the environment14. Different ways of life exist among different peoples because of _____ .A. their adaptive valueB. their distinctive valueC. lack of better technologyD. mutual isolation15. Social organizations and technology develop as a result o f people‘s _____ .A. adaptation to the environmentB. attempt to change natureC. efforts to create peaceful societiesD. desire to create bigger societies16. The ultimate goal in developing technology is for people to _____ .A. get practical skills and artsB. obtain greater amounts of energyC. effect social changesD. create new culturesPassage 5The subject of my study is women who are initiating social change in a small region in Texas. The women are Mexican Americans who are, or were, migrant agricultural workers. There is more than one kind of innovation at work in the region, of course, but I have chosen to focus on three related patterns of family behavior.The pattern I life style represents how migrant farm workers of all nationalities lived in the past and how many continue to live. I treat this pattern as a baseline with which to compare the changes represented by pattern II and III. Families in pattern I work and travel in extended kin units, with the eldest male occupying the position of authority. Families are large eight or none children are not unusual and all members are economic contributors in this strategy of family migration. Families in pattern II manifest some differences in behavior while still maintaining aspects of pattern I. They continue to migrate but on a reduced scale, often modifying their schedules of migration to allow children to finish the school year. Parents in this pattern often find temporary local jobs as checkers to make up for lost farming income. Pattern II families usually have fewer children than do pattern I families.The greatest amount of change from pattern I, however, is in pattern III families, who no longer migrate at all. Both parents work full time in the area and have an average of three children. Children attend school for the entire year. In pattern III, the women in particular create new roles for themselves for which no local models exist. They no only work full time but may, in addition, return to school. They also assume a greater responsibility in family decisions than do women in the other patterns. Although these women are in the minority among residents of the region, they serve as role models for others, causing moderate changes to spread in their communities.Now opportunities have continued to be determined by pre-existing values. When federal jobs became available in the region, most involved working under the direction of female professionals such as teachers or nurses. Such positions were unaccepted to many men in the areabecause they were not accustomed to being subordinate to women. Women therefore took the jobs, at first, because the income was desperately needed. But some of the women decided to stay at their jobs, at first, after the family‘s distress was over. These w omen enjoyed their work, its responsibility, and the companionship of fellow women workers. The steady, relatively high income allowed their families to stop migrating. And, as the benefits to these women became increasingly apparent, they and their families became even more willing to consider changes in their lives that they would not have considered before.17. Which of the following titles best reflects the main focus of the passage?A. A Survey of Three Mexican-American Families at Work in Texas.B. Innovative Career Women: Effects on Family Unity.C. Changes in the Life-styles of Migrant Mexican-American Families.D. Farming of Family: The Unavoidable Choice for Migrant Farm Workers.18. All of the following statements about pattern II children express differences EXCEPT _____ .A. they migrate for part of each yearB. they spend less time contributing to family incomeC. they spend more months on schoolD. their parents sometimes work at jobs other than farming19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of women in pattern III families?A. They earn a reliable and comparatively high income.B. They continue to work solely to meet the urgent needs of their family.C. They enjoy the fellowship involved in working with other womenD. They serve as models of behavior for others in the region.20. The author‘s attitude towards the three patterns of behavior mentioned in the passage is best described as one of _____ .A. great admirationB. unbiased objectivityC. dissatisfactionD. indifferencePassage 6If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second incommand. The post of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm‘s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do),the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can‘t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.21. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?A. They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.B. They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.C. They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.D. They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.22. What is the position of the head of human resource management in an American firm?A. He is one of the most important executives in the firm.B. His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.C. He is directly under the chief financial executive.D. He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm.23. The money most American firms spend in training mainly goes to----.A. workers who can operate new equipmentB. technological and managerial staffC. workers who lack basic background skillsD. top executives.24. What is the main idea of the passage?A. American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.B. Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource management.C. The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firm‘s hierarchy.D. The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.Passage 7Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world‘s businesses, institutions, and individuals. The Internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks. These networks transmit huge amounts of information in the form of words, images, and sounds.The Internet was information on virtually every topic. Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic ―bulletin boards ,‖where users form discussion groups around common interests. Much of the Internet‘s traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to another. These messages are called electronic mail or email. Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive email. Other uses of the network include obtaining news, joining electronic debates, and playing electronic games. One feature of the Internet, known as the World Wide Web, provides graphics, audio, and video to enhance the information in its documents. These documents cover a vast number of topics.People usually access the Internet with a device called a modem. Modems connect computers to the network through telephone lines. Much of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiber-optic cables. These cables contain hair-thin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of light. They can transmit thousands of times more data than local phone lines, most of which consist of copper wires.The history of the Internet began in the 1960s.At that time, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA. of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPA net. Originally, ARPA net connected only military and government computer systems. Its purpose was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster or was. Soon after the creation of ARPA net, universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks. These networks eventually were merged with ARPA net to form the Internet. By the 1990s,anyone with a computer, modem, and Internet software could link up to the Internet.In the future, the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerful. Many experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger network called the information superhighway. This network, still under development, would link computers with telephone companies, cable television stations, and other communication systems. People could bank, shop, watch TV, and perform many other activities through the network.25 .This passage is about the------of the Internet.A future.B general introductionC use.D history.26 .Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?A. ARPA was the first net used by American universities and institutions.B. The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty years ago.C. The purpose of the Internet is to protect the world in the event of war.D. ARPA net formed the foundation of the Internet nowadays...。
西南大学《中学英语教学法》复习思考题及答案
（0161）《中学英语教学法》复习思考题一、判断正误题（8分）The following statements are about the facts presented in the textbook, please indicate in the brackets before the statements whether they are true( T ) or ( F ).( ) 1. Role play and improvisation are social interaction activities.( ) 2. Discovering missing information and discovering differences and following directions are all functional communicative activities.( ) 3. Stress in pronunciation is sometimes as important as grammar.( ) 4. Students need to be able to write phonetic transcripts of words.( ) 5. Adult learners need to focus on pronunciation, but young learners don‟t.( ) 6. Students need to know phonetics in order to learn English.( ) 7. Students need to be given detailed grammar rules if they are to learn a foreign language successfully.( ) 8. If the students get enough chance to practise using a foreign language, they do not need to learn grammar.( ) 9. Teaching and learning grammar should focus on practice rather than the study of grammar itself.( ) 10. Grammar should be taught an practised in context.( ) 11. The best way to explain vocabulary is to translate.( ) 12. Words must be learned in language contexts.( ) 13. Knowing a word means that you know the pronunciation and meaning of it.( ) 14. Students‟ errors are a very useful way of showing what they have and have not lear nt. So instead of seeing errors negatively, as a sign of failure, we see them positively as an indication of what we still need toteach.( ) 15. Testing implies evaluation based on a collection of information about what students know and can do.( ) 16. Classroom climate is strongly affected by the teachers‟ attitude and behaviour.( ) 17. In the Communicative Approach, a teacher is described as an “instructor” and students as “listeners” in class.( ) 18. The students‟ native language has no particular role in the Communicative Approach. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to thestudents or in assigning homework.( ) 19. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need to use themselves. We call this passive vocabulary.( ) 20. Students‟ errors are a sign of failure, so we must correct every mistake they make.( ) 21. Culture is received greater attention in the Communicative Approach.( ) 22. Spoken language is generally produced in informal, simple or commonvocabulary.() 23. All new words in a lesson are equally important.( ) 24.Classroom climate is strongly affected by both the teachers‟ attitude and the students‟ behavior.( ) 25. V ocabulary can be divided into productive and receptive.( ) 26. Communicative competence refers to knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of the language.( ) 27. Post-reading work usually contributes to the development of all the language skills and may involve using other skills than just reading.( ) 28. Written language is generally produced in fairly simple sentence structures.( ) 29. In the Communicative Approach, both teachers and students have multiple roles.( ) 30. Spoken language is sometimes produced in incomplete sentences.( )31. The skill practised in the pre-reading stage is anticipation.( ) 32. Communicative activities can be divided into functional communicative activities and social interaction activities.( ) 33. One way to teach reading is following the framework: presentation, practice and production. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies.( ) 34. Students are given the structure in context and are asked to work out the rule for themselves. They are given guidance from the teacher in using evidence from the context to work out the usage of the structure. This is called the inductive method.( ) 35. Reading is an active process, during which the reader tries to understand the meaning of a given text. ( )36. If the aim of activity is to check that students can use the verbs correctly, you have to correct any major errors, especially those involving the verbs you have taught, or the activity will lose its point.( ) 37. The skill practised in the pre-reading stage is inference.( ) 38. Words which we want students to understand, but which they will not need to use themselves. We call this active vocabulary.( ) 39. The typical example of functional communication activities is role play.( ) 40. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also in explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework.( ) 41. Y ou glance quickly through a text in order to find a specific piece of information, this skill is called scanning.( ) 42. Types of mistakes are slips, errors and attempts.( ) 43. The language you are learning is called target language.( ) 44. There is an important difference between assessment and testing.( ) 45. In many cases the term “materials” is used in place of “textbooks”, which refers to anything that is used by teachers or students to facilitate the learning of a language.( ) 46. It‟s unnecessary for teachers to know how to evaluate, select and adapt textbooks.( ) 47. It is clearly whether someone can become a good language teacher solely depends on his/her command of the language.( ) 48. Foreign Language Teaching Methodology is a science which studies the processes and patterns of foreign language teaching, aiming at revealing the nature and laws of foreign language teaching.( ) 49. According to the Grammar Translation Methods, the spoken form of language is the most important aspect of language.( ) 50. Interactional view sees language as a linguistic system but also as a means for doing things.( ) 51. Functional view considers language as a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.( ) 52. Students are given the opportunities to use the newly presented language items in a controlled framework.This may be done by drills, or by repeating parts of the dialogue presented in the first stage. This stage isintended to develop accuracy skills. This describes the presentation stage.( ) 53. When reading a text, I start by predicting the probable meaning, then I get to read and understand the words and phrases in the text to check whether that is really what the writer means. Sometimes I go theother way round. That‟s to say, I combine the above 2 ways in my reading. This is the interactive model. ( ) 54. Learners have the opportunity to integrate the new language items with the old through activities that give free and extensive expression aimed at developing fluency skills. This refers to the production stage. ( ) 55. I usually start reading a text by recognising words, word connections, and phrase patterns as well as sentence patterns, then I can rapidly and automatically get meaning from the text. This is the top-downmodel.( ) 56. When reading a text, I first identify the topic, purpose and structure of the text, then I make guesses, predictions during reading. In this way, I create meaning from the text as a whole. This is the bottom-upmodel.( ) 57. Structural view sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems. To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language.( ) 58. 语言技能包括听、说、读、写四个方面的技能以及四种技能的综合运用能力。
(0187)《英语阅读三》复习思考题答案.
（0187）英语阅读三复习思考题答案Part I Translation (15)1．每个人看到的景致是相同的，但每个人察觉出的东西却不同。
2．如果房间里充满了浓烟，除非是被下面或隔壁房间的烟阻止了，那就把身子伸出窗外。
3．我试着想挤进去，但是要突破那一大群吓呆了人不可能。
4．要取下你的隐形眼镜，首先要彻底清洗你的手。
5．一般来说马是最先的牺牲品，它们死了或者干渴难耐的时候就不得不被扔掉。
6．户外广告给广告者提供了最大、最丰富的展示他们产品、包装、商标以及宣传口号的机会。
7．冬天狩猎这穿上滑雪鞋将野牛追逐到雪地深处，在那里野牛更容易被捕杀。
8．少数“旧时代”的牛崽留了下来，而很多牛崽的儿子们都成为了某所大学或州农业学院的学生。
9．不管你是否会得到工作，一次成功的面试应该像与你在飞机上的邻座进行的一次另人兴奋的交谈。
10．记住你无法控制雇主对你的看法，正如她也无法控制你对她的看法。
11．一次当她看见一帮坏人的头儿抢劫她的叔叔，她与他们打成了平手。
12．我们很自然地会受到那些与我们观点、信念和兴趣相投的人的吸引。
13．在开始上学的几个星期里她不得不多次告诫自己教育是使自己成为重要人物的一种办法。
14．如果你不想与在电话上推销产品或服务的人谈话，你只需要说“不，谢谢。
”然后挂断电话。
15．在冬天阳光明媚的日子坐在公共汽车靠窗的位子上，你会觉得很温暖。
16．一个外国人可能不敢确定什么时候该握手或拥抱，什么时候该加入别人的谈话，或者怎么接近陌生人。
17．我写此信是为了表达我的强烈不满，因为上周星期五晚上我的客人、同事和我在你的饭店就餐时受到了不礼貌的接待。
18．经过多年全身心的耐心教导，医生终于使那个男孩学会了自己穿衣吃饭，认识并讲出一些单词，以及写字母和组词。
19．看起来很难相信有长生不死的动物。
20．一项政府的研究总结说雅典是世界上最吵闹的城市。
21．穿过几千英里的野地和沼泽开挖一条运河看起来与通过地心钻一个孔到中国一样不大可能。
(0063)《综合英语六》复习思考题及答案
（0063）《综合英语六》复习思考题I. Paraphrase the following sentences from the textbook. (20)1.I have often wondered at the savagery and thoughtlessness with which our early settlersapproached this rich continent.2.This tendency towards irresponsibility persists in very many of us today.3.The colonists farmed meager lands close to their communities and to safety.4.It is little wonder that they went land-mad.5.Mental depression is a recurring nightmare.6.I often go the supermarket for the pure fun of it.7.Such signs are unmistakable forms of body language.8.People with a more dominant attitude will use more expansive gestures.9.What if a woman decides that she isn’t interested in a man’s overtures?10.In such settings, “hands off” is the best policy because a well-intentioned touch can be badlymisconstrued.11.God had not struck Westley dead for taking his name in vane.12.At first thought, it seems a trivial pursuit to examine the ways in which we address oneanother.13.Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages.plications arise when relative age and relative rank are not both the same.15.There would be widespread agreement that there is linguistic deficiency.16.Let me touch upon one other way in which we are equipped somewhat less than ideally tosay what we want to say.17.Can we not begin to imagine how near to despair these people must come who can almostnever find the word they are hunting for?18.There are thousands of ideas that it is impossible to translate into popular language.19.The man rattled of f an account of the killer’s second attack.20.What are some other universal nonverbal signals?(Consult your book and the relevant online material for the answers)II. Please identify the figures of speech in the following sentences.(15)1.It is ages since I saw you last time.2.He has a heart like stone.3.More haste, less speed.4.If winter comes, can spring be still far behind?5.There is a garden on her face where white lilies and red roses grow.6.He lives in his dream, by his dream and for his dream.7.Stay away from him; the man is a snake in the grass.8.Spring blew its trumpet of color; her green sang in my mind.9.She has been raised on the bottle since her mother died at the time of her birth.10.I enjoyed a happy time yesterday.11.Give me liberty, or give me death.12.My love is like the melody that’s played in tune.13.There is a garden on her face where white lilies and red roses grow.14.The man was in a sea of trouble.15.She has a heart like gold.16.He lives in his illusion, by his illusion and for his illusion.17.Spring returned and everything awoke from its dream.18.He had a miserable childhood.19.Look! The kettle is boiling..20.We are in need of a hand.(Consult your book)III. Answer the following questions according to the texts you have learned. (15)1.What is the story “Salvation” mainly about? (Lesson one)2.Why was Langston Hughes crying that night? (Lesson one)3.What are those factors we must consider when addressing a person in a formal situation?(Lesson two)4.Is it easy to choose words to express our ideas and feelings? Why? (Lesson three)5.Why did the 38 people fail to call the police when the lady was in danger? (Lesson four)6.What is body language? (Lesson five)7.According to Steinbeck, what is the attitude of the Americans towards the land? (Lesson six)8.What is mental depression? (Lesson seven)9.Why do most people go to the supermarket when they have no intention to buy anything?(Lesson eight)10.Can you explain why the author prefers wanting instead of having in terms of food and otherwonderful things? (Lesson nine)11.Who does the sec ond person “you” refer to in Lesson ten—“What Is It Like to Be Poor”?12.Is it a record of George Orwell’s own life experience? (Lesson ten)13.Why does Lawrence say London is “dull”? (Lesson twelve)14.Were the animals warmly received by the Indians? (Lesson thirteen)15.What does the musicians refer to in Lesson fourteen, men or animals?(Consult your book)IV. Reading comprehension. Read the following poem and interpret (understand and explain) it in your own words. (20)What happens to a dream deferred?What happens to a dream deferred?Does it dry uplike a raisin in the sun?Or fester like a sore--And then run?Does it stink like rotten meat?Or crust and sugar over--like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sagsLike a heavy load.Or does it explode(Consult your book and the relevant online material for the answers)LamentListen, children:Your father is dead.From his old coatsI'll make you little jackets;I'll make you little trousersFrom his old pants.There'll be in his pocketsThings he used to put there,Keys and penniesCovered with tobacco;Dan shall have the penniesTo save in his bank;Anne shall have the keysTo make a pretty noise with.Life must go on,And the dead be forgotten;Life must go on,Though good men die;Anne, eat your breakfast;Dan, take your medicine;Life must go on;I forget just why.(Consult your book and the relevant online material for the answers)（0063）《综合英语六》复习思考题答案I. Paraphrase the following sentences from the textbook. (20)21.I have often wondered at the savagery and thoughtlessness with which our early settlersapproached this rich continent. (I cannot understand why the early settlers were so savage and thoughtless in their attitude towards the American land.)22.This tendency towards irresponsibility persists in very many of us today. (Many of us todayare as irresponsible as our ancestors in treating the land.)23.The colonists farmed meager lands close to their communities and to safety. (They ploughedthose pieces of land that were poor and close to their living places where they were safe.) 24.It is little wonder that they went land-mad. (It is not strange that they were foolishlyenthusiastic about land.)25.Mental depression is a recurring nightmare. (Mental depression is a terrible thing that occursagain and again.)26.I often go the supermarket for the pure fun of it. (I often go there without the intent to buyanything but just for fun.)27.Such signs are unmistakable forms of body language. (These signs are forms of non-verbalcommunication understood by everyone.)28.People with a more dominant attitude will use more expansive gestures. (More aggressivepeople will employ more dominating forms of body language.)29.What if a woman decides that she isn’t interested in a man’s overtures? (What would happenif a woman were not interested in a man’s preliminary attention?)30.In such settings, “hands off” is the best policy because a well-intentioned touch can be badlymisconstrued. (When this happens, “no touching” is the best thing to do because a touch can be seriously misunderstood even if you have a good intention.)31.God had not struck Westley dead for taking his name in vane. (God had not killed him thoughhe cheated.)32.At first thought, it seems a trivial pursuit to examine the ways in which we address oneanother. (In the beginning, it seems unimportant to study how we greet each other.)33.Our initial decision about the appropriate address form is based on relative ages. (The firstthing about the proper form of address that we must consider is how old or how young the addressee is.)plications arise when relative age and relative rank are not both the same. (Difficultsituations would occur if the addressee’s age and rank do not agree.)35.There would be widespread agreement that there is linguistic deficiency. (All people agreethat language is not everything and cannot do everything we want it to do.)36.Let me touch upon one other way in which we are equipped somewhat less than ideally tosay what we want to say. (I will treat briefly another way in which we cannot say want we have to say in mind.)37.Can we not begin to imagine how near to despair these people must come who can almostnever find the word they are hunting for? (Can’t we say that people are sometimes in a desperate situation in looking for the words wanted?)38.There are thousands of ideas that it is impossible to translate into popular language. (Manyideas are abstract and cannot be conveyed by language.)39.The man rattled off an account of the killer’s second attack.(The man described in detail howthe man attacked the girl for the second time.)40.What are some other universal nonverbal signals? (Are there more forms of non-verbalcommunication recognized all over the world? And what are they?)II. Please identify the figures of speech in the following sentences.(15)21.It is ages since I saw you last time. Hyperbole or exaggeration or overstatement22.He has a heart like stone. Simile23.More haste, less speed. Antithesis24.If winter comes, can spring be still far behind? Rhetorical question25.There is a garden on her face where white lilies and red roses grow. Metaphor26.He lives in his dream, by his dream and for his dream. Parallelism27.Stay away from him; the man is a snake in the grass. Metaphor28.Spring blew its trumpet of color; her green sang in my mind. Personification29.She has been raised on the bottle since her mother died at the time of her birth. Metonymy30.I enjoyed a happy time yesterday. Transferred epithet or hypallage31.Give me liberty, or give me death. Antithesis32.My love is like the melody that’s played in tune. Simile33.He has a stone heart. Metaphor34.The man was in a sea of trouble. Hyperbole or exaggeration or overstatement35.She has a heart like gold. Simile36.He lives in his illusion, by his illusion and for his illusion. Parallelism37.Spring returned and everything awoke from its dream. Personification38.He had a miserable childhood. Transferred epithet39.Look! The kettle is boiling. Metonymy40.We are in need of a hand. SynecdocheIII. Answer the following questions according to the texts you have learned. (15)16.What is the story “Salvation”mainly about? (Lesson one) (The author’s first religiousexperience and his disillusionment)17.Why was Langston Hughes crying that night? (Lesson one) (For he was cheated and he liedfor the first time in life)18.What are those factors we must consider when addressing a person in a formal situation?(Lesson two) (Relative age and rank)19.Is it easy to choose words to express our ideas and feelings? Why? (Lesson three) (No.Linguistic insufficiency)20.Why did the 38 people fail to call the police when the lady was in danger? (Lesson four)(They were afraid and indifferent.)21.What is body language? (Lesson five) (Non-verbal communication)22.According to Steinbeck, what is the attitude of the Americans towards the land? (Lesson six)(Irresponsible, savage and thoughtless)23.What is mental depression? (Lesson seven) (The state of being in low spirits)24.Why do most people go to the supermarket when they have no intention to buy anything?(Lesson eight) (For fun; to be a part of the public life; not to be forgotten by others)25.Can you explain why the author prefers wanting instead of having in terms of food and otherwonderful things? (Lesson nine) (Once you get it, you will not value it. It’s the death of desire.)26.Who does the second person “you”refer to in Lesson ten—“What Is It Like to Be Poor”?(The author himself and people in similar situations)27.Is it a record of George Orwell’s own life experience? (Lesson ten) (Yes, it is)28.Why does Lawrence say London is “dull”? (Lesson twelve) (He did not like it and was notpopular among people there.)29.Were the animals warmly received by the Indians? (Lesson thirteen) (Yes)30.What does the musicians refer to in Lesson fourteen, men or animals? (Animals)IV. Reading comprehension. Read the following poem and interpret (understand and explain) it in your own words. (20)What happens to a dream deferred?What happens to a dream deferred?Does it dry uplike a raisin in the sun?Or fester like a sore--And then run?Does it stink like rotten meat?Or crust and sugar over--like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sagsLike a heavy load.Or does it explode(The poem was written by Langston Hughes. It is about dream and what would happen if a dream has no chance of being realized. More specifically, the poem is about the dream of the American blacks for equality, freedom, and other human rights. The poet encourages the blacks to hold their dreams, for it is what gives meaning and generates hope to a life of misery and suffering. The poem also sounds a warning: if nothing is done to help the blacks, and if the blacks cannot fulfill their dream, then it would be “fire”next time. Their dream is going to “explode,”destroying everything in the American society. The poem is in the convention of free verse. It contains a number of questions, which is very unique. And simile is the most conspicuous figure of speech in it.)LamentListen, children:Your father is dead.From his old coatsI'll make you little jackets;I'll make you little trousersFrom his old pants.There'll be in his pocketsThings he used to put there,Keys and penniesCovered with tobacco;Dan shall have the penniesTo save in his bank;Anne shall have the keysTo make a pretty noise with.Life must go on,And the dead be forgotten;Life must go on,Though good men die;Anne, eat your breakfast;Dan, take your medicine;Life must go on;I forget just why.(This poem is a lament over the death of the father, the bread-winner of the family. As can be seen from the poem, the family has been poverty-stricken in the past years. And the untimely death of the father has plunged it into deeper misery. The mother, though grief-stricken, is a strong-minded woman. She assumes the whole responsibility of looking after the children. Life must go on, though it is difficult. The poem is written in the tradition of free verse. Parallelism is the major figure of speech.)。
(0086)《综合英语二》复习思考题
（0086）《综合英语二》复习思考题I. V ocabulary, Structure and GrammarDirections:There are some incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You must choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. The _________ time you waste, the __________ it is to go on wasting time.A. more, easierB. most, easierC. more, easiestD. most, easiest2. The specialist was the person _________.A. whom state dinner was given in honorB. for whom the state dinner was given honorC. in whose honor the state dinner was givenD. whose honor the state dinner was given3. It is ______ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A. a so unusualB. such an unusualC. so unusualD. such unusual4. Scarcely ______ the door shut behind me when I realized I had forgotten to take the key withme.A. I had pulledB. had I pulledC. did I pullD. I pulled5. The old lady who saw the bus ___________ into the river phoned the police instantly.A. plungedB. to plungeC. was plungingD. plunge6. Y ou may come with us to Florida for the winter _________ you don‟t mind the cost.A. unlessB. on conditionC. exceptD. if7. If you don‟t put the cheese in the refrigerator, it may _____.A. go outB. go offC. go wrongD. go over8. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _______.A. hurtB. spoiledC. damagedD. harmed9. The delay of the flight is due to _________ beyond our control.A. conditionsB. causesC. circumstancesD. in convenience10. The teacher was using too many new words, and the children could not take ______ what he was teaching.A. inB. awayC. toD. about11. Please don‟t leave without _______ the lights.A. you turnB. turning offC. turn off D you‟ll turn off12. It‟s none of your business. Y ou have no right to ______.A. disturbB. interruptC. interfereD. break in13. _______ a nice thing that you succeeded.A. What‟sB. It‟sC. That‟sD. There‟s14. __________ did Arthur realize that there was danger.A. Upon entering the storeB. No sooner had he entered the storeC. Scarcely had he entered the storeD. Only after entering the store15. Each teacher and student _______ responsible for learning the material assigned.A. isB. areC. wereD. has16. I ______ play tennis than golf.A. would ratherB. like better toC. had betterD. prefer to17. The students went to their _______ rooms.A. respectableB. respectfulC. respectiveD. respected18. Practically all jobs in new China, _____ those harmful to their health, are open to womenwithout discrimination.A. except forB. besidesC. exceptingD. with the exception of19. This exercise is certainly not so difficult as it _____.A. soundsB. appearsC. isD. happens to be20. ______ my expectation, I quite enjoyed my self at the party.A. In terms ofB. Counter againstC. Consistent withD. Contrary to21. Don‟t e late, _______?A. will youB. do youC. don‟t youD. shan‟t we22. The reference book ________ can‟t be found anywhere.A. that I need itB. I need itC. which I need itD. I need23. So urgent ______ that the doctor rode away without delay.A. the case wasB. was the caseC. it was the caseD. the case being24. He has been singled out as representative. _______ surprises us all.A. whichB. whereC. thisD. it25. _____, he would feel exhausted after a whole day‟s work.A. As strong is heB. Ashe is strongC. Strong if he isD. Strong as he is26. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _______.A. hurtB. spoiledC. damagedD. harmed27. He‟ll be very glad if you agree to ______ this matter.A. book upB. look forC. look atD. look into28. The boat drifted along on the sea for a good hour ___________ it was safely anchored at the dock.A. beforeB. whenC. afterD. while29. Everything I‟ve described went wrong. ______ the whole affair was a disaster.A. In smallB. SummarilyC. In brief wordsD. In short30. Caves and hollow tress are not the only places ___________.A. where do bats liveB. where bats liveC. bats live thereD. there bats live31. It was because the applicant was too proud _________ he failed in the interview.A. thereforeB. thatC. so thatD. so32. I came so early for supper today because I thought the bell ______.A. had already rangB. has already rungC. already had rungD. had already rung33. There was so much noise that the speaker couldn‟t make himself _________.A. heardB. to hearC. hearingD. being heard34. Not until many years later, _________ known.A. was the whole truth becomeB. did the whole truth becomeC. the whole truth becameD. the whole truth had become35. If you don‟t _______ smoking you will never get recovered.A. give offB. give inC. give outD. give up36. Here are some toys. Y ou can _______ one or two for your little son as a birthday present.A. single outB. pick outC. work outD. find out37. It ____ me _____ the village where I spent my summer vacation last year.A. calls … back toB. reminds …ofC. recalls …toD. takes … to38. The United States _________ an enormous wealth of resources.A. persuadesB. performsC. possessesD. permits39. Her display of bad temper completely ________ the party.A. harmedB. damagedC. hurtD. spoilt40. We are all indignant _______ the injustice done to him.A. aboutB. forC. withD. at41. Writing stories and articles ______ what I enjoy most.A. isB. have beenC. areD. were42. He asked ______ for a while.A. not to have been disturbedB. to have not been disturbed.C. not to be disturbedD. to be disturbed43. Since the mountain is white, it_____ last night.A. must be snowedB. must snowC. must have snowedD. must have been snowed44. John, as well as his brothers, ______ wounded in the battle.A. wereB. areC. isD. was45. Without the help of radar, a plane _______ unable to fly.A. isB. will have beenC. would beD. would have been46. Walking into the room ________.A. our footsteps echoed through the corridorsB. our footsteps could be heard through the corridorsC. our footsteps were heard by ourselvesD. we heard the echoes of our footsteps through the corridors47. ___________ car we take, we‟ll have to get gas for it.A. WhateverB. WhereverC. HoweverD. Whichever48. It‟s impossible to avoid ______ by the strong weather.A. being much affectedB. to be much affectedC. having much affectedD. to have been much affected49. The platform would collapse if all of you _________ on it.A. standB. stoodC. would standD. had stood50. This factory _______ a thousand cars a day.A. turns intoB. turns outC. turns againstD. turns toII. CorrectionDirections: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeledA, B, C, and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect.1. I have read the article on socialist realism appeared in yesterday‟s paper.A B C D2. Shanghai is larger than any city in China.A B C D3. Some of us have to study their lessons more carefully if we expect to pass this examination.A B C D4. Nobody besides little children thinks that a trip by bus is exciting.A B C D5. Man has used metals for centuries in gradual increasing quantities, but it was notA Buntil the Industrial Revolution that they came to be employed in real vast quantities.C D6. They asked us, Henry and I, whether we thought that the statistics had been presentedA B Cfairly and accurately.D7. The teacher, along with a committee of bright students, have compiled a reading list.A B C D8. My hat was blown off by the wind while walking down a narrow street.A B C D9. Just outside the ruins are a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.A B C D10. The judge was hearing a case when a time bomb exploded and shaking the wholeA B C Dbuilding.11. I didn‟t mind their coming late to the lecture, but I objected their making so much noise.A B C D12. A man cannot be really happy if that he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of noA B C Dvalue or importance.13. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutionsA B Care correct.D14. Of the various plans submitted for our consideration, Mr. Baker‟s seemed betterA B Cfrom all points of view.D15. The ice was so slipper that even show tires were helpless.A B C D16. We don‟t get there in time if we hurry up.A B C D17. I hope you will act as a man when difficulties confront you.A B C D18. If you want to write a report or to find the answer of a question, where do you look forA B C Dfacts?19. Because of the approaching storm, the wind began to blow hard and the sky became darkA B Cas evening.D20. Harvey seldom pays his bills on time, and his brother does either.A B C D21. On entering the hotel, we immediately realized the reason for being so popular with tourists.A B C D22. It is extremely important for an engineer to know to use a computer.A B C D23. It‟s a good idea to bite your tongue for ten minutes before to say what‟s on your mind.A B C D24. Fertilizers are used primarily to enrich the soil and increasing yield.A B C D25. Most people rely on television because of the main news and read newspapers toA B Cbe entertained.D26. The teacher told the students that everyone must do their best to pass the examination.A B C D27. There is hardly any reason for you to feel badly and, blame yourself for this misfortune.A B C D28. The teacher asked them who had completed their tests to leave the room as quietly asA B C Dpossible.29. The more the relative humidity reading rises, the worst the heat affects us.A B C D30. Rain clouds and smoke caused by pollution look so much alike that one cannot hardlyA B Ctell the difference between them.D31. The opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is the main attraction of a bookshop.A B C D32. Ambassadors spoke of the political situation in that area with a dismay.A B C D33. The traditional Beijing opera appeals very much for the public.A B C D34. I persuaded him into accepting the offer, but he just wouldn‟t listen to me.A B C D35. It is important that every citizen who expects to cast his vote takes time to evaluate the issueA B C Dclearly.36. When she entered into the room in that fancy dress, everyone looked at her in surprise.A B C D37. It is interesting to compare the early stylized art forms of ancient civilizations to the modernA B C Dabstract forms of today.38. A good artist like a good engineer learns as much from their mistakes as from successes.A B C D39. Upon reading Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain, one begins to understand the value of yourA B C D common sense.40. All of us thanked our hostess once more for the delighted dinner.A B C D41. They like strong-flavored dish and hot seasonings such as onions and mustard.A B C D42. When I was at college I studied this subject with great interests.A B C D43. Not until we reached the top of the hill did we find Xiao Wu missed.A B C D44. He freely confessed that there was some measure of truth in it.A B C D45. Y ou didn‟t need tell him the news; it just made him sad.A B C D46. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it was before the westA B Cwas settled.D47. Those of us who smoke should have their lungs X-rayed regularlyA B C D48. It seems that flow is a “floating action” which the individual is aware of his actions but notA B C Daware of his awareness.49. Natural foods also include animals which have allowed to feed and move freely in healthyA B C Dpastures.50. The music in the film is lightly, gay and catchy and remains in everyone‟s memory.A B C DI I I. ClozeDirections:There are 10 blanks in each of the following passages. For each blank there are four choices marked A. B. C. and D. You should choose the one answer that fits best into the passage.Passage 1Nobody likes taking exams: exams in your own language can be stressful enough but somehow exams in a foreign language always seem to cause more worry and anxiety. Well, the good news is that, if you 1 some simple steps, taking English language exams can be really quite 2 . it won‟t exactly be fun, but it certainly shouldn‟t give you too many headaches or sleepless nights.If you are planning to 3 one of the well-known exams such as Cambridge First Certificate, you will probably find that there‟s a preparation course 4 at a school near you. Check that the school has a good 5 of exam success and that the teacher is 6 . It is a good idea to ask if you will be given homework and 7 your written work will be marked by a teacher who knows the level of English 8 by the exam.If you take 9 exam preparation course your teacher will give you all the information you need and you will find that 10 in a class helps you to study more effectively. But you will still need to put in a lot of work yourself.1. A. take B. walk C. follow D. keep2. A. painful b. painless C. enjoyable D. marvelous3. A. get B. prepare C. participate D. take4. A. ready B. available C. offering D. existing5. A. management B. foundation C. expectation D. record6. A. experience B. experiencing C. experienced D. experiences7. A. how B. that C. what D. whether8. A. required B. determined C. corresponded D. accorded9. A. a B. an C. the D. one10. A. going B. coming C. being D. gettingPassage 2The population of an area is the total number of people __1___ live there for many years, the world population ___2__ rapidly. In 1981, the world population was about 4,490,000,000. The number of people has grown by about 79 million ___3__ 1980. This was an increase of 1.8 ____4__. If the population continues to increase at this rate, the world population will be about 6,250,000 by the year 2000.Every thirty seconds about one hundred and fifteen babies ___5___. probably about forty-five people die ___6____ the same thirty seconds. This means that one hundred and forty people are added to the world population every minute.If the population ___7____ distributed evenly throughout the world, there would be about thirty persons per square kilometer of land. ___8___, people aren‟t distributed evenly. No one lives in most parts of Antarctica or in parts of some deserts. In some parts of the world, thereare ___9___ four hundred of persons per square kilometer. The average number of persons living ____10____ an area is the population density. The greatest population densities are in Europe and Asia.1. A. they B. who C. which D. as2. A. grows B. has grown C. is growing D. has been growing3. A. since B. by C. in D. from4. A. percentage B. rate C. percent D. rent5. A. are born B. was born C. were born D. had been born6. A. at B. during C. on D. through7. A. is B. are C. was D. were8. A. As a result B. In the way C. However D. Finally9. A. as large as B. as many as C. as few as D. as well as10. A. within B. without C. beyond D. withPassage 3A house in Clarktown caught fire on Christmas Eve,1982. The old woman who lived in the house was in poor health and she even had trouble in walking.. 1 her house burning down around her, she was not able to go anywhere. The smoke 2 her choke. The fire was very hot. Without quick help she would have 3 .Fire fighters 4 the house. They started to put the fire out. They did not know the ol d woman was still 5 .The people heard her crying for help. The fire was still very hot 6 there was lots of smoke.A man 7 like Santa Claus was passing by. He was on his way to give gifts to poor families. 8 had he heard the old woman‟s cry when he ran into the 9 house. After a while he rushed out with the old woman on his back and came to her safety. Then, as 10 as he had done that, the man left. No one knew the real name of the hero who had saved the old woman‟s life.1. A. Because B. For C. With D. During2. A. suffered B. broke C. forced D .made3. A. lived B. died C. left D. stayed4. A. looked for B. searched through C. got to D. set up5. A. out of doors B. in the open air C. outside D. inside6. A. but B. and C. or D. though7. A. dressed B. chosen C. looked D acted8. A. Only B. Hardly C. Never D Badly9. A. empty B. crowded C. burnt D. burning10. A. bravely B. carefully C. quickly D. proudlyPassage 4In recent years, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past. New ___1_____ and machines are being developed every day to extend life. _____2_____ , some people ,___3_____ some doctors don‟t ap prove these life-extending measures, and they say that people should have the ____4___ to die when they want. They saythat the___5____ of life is as important as life itself, and that people should not be forced to ___6____ living when the conditions of life have become very bad. They say that people should be allowed to decide when they want to die. ____7______ say that life _____8_____ any circumstances is better than ____9_____ and that the ____10_____ of doctors is always to extend life as long as possible.1. A. medicines B. inventions C. discoveries D. techniques2. A. But B. Wherever C. However D. Despite3. A. concluding B. including C. excluding D. Despite4. A. right B. ability C. capability D. reason5. A. quantity B. quality C. value D. meaning6. A. make B. earn C. lead D. go on7. A. the other B. other C. others D. The others8. A. at B. on C. below D. under9. A. death B. dead C. die D. dying10. A. task B. work C. job D. dutyPassage 5I ____1___ dislike television, thinking that people spent too much time ____2____ it. A lot of my friends used to talk _____3____ the sports programs, the films and the shows. They never read any books or went out in the evening. I always ____4_____ to buy a television set.Last year I was 60, and I _____5_____ from my job. My son bought me a television set. “I‟ll keep you ____6_____.” he said. And it is quite _____7___. I watch all the news programs and know far more about the world now. And I read some books, too. ______8_____ I think I may follow one of the open University television ____9______ next year. Perhaps I‟ll get a ____10______ when I‟m 65.1. A. usedn‟t to B. was used to C. used to D. didn‟t use to2. A. watching B. looking at C. seeing D. looking3. .A. of B. to C. with D. about4. A. wanted B. refused C. stopped D. hoped5. A. retired B. was dismissed C. escaped D. ran6. A. calm B. active C. fit D. up-to-date7. A. wrong B. disgusting C. true D. terrible8. A. Moreover B. Of course C. In fact D. Above all9. A. books B. papers C. programs D. courses10. A. degree B. promotion C. job D. color TVIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are some passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a. B. C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneAdam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.“One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three different operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another.It is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins apiece. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labour, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labour, provided that it is not taken too far, is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labour is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labour adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more f what they already have.1. According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ________.A. take advantage of the division of labourB. introduce the division of labour into EnglandC. understand the effects of the division of labourD. explain the causes of the division of labour2. Adam Smith saw that the division of labour _________.A. enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB. increased the possible output per workerC. increased the number of people employed in factoriesD. improved the quality of pins produced3. According to Adam Smith‟s example, the number of operations required in making pins is about _________.A. fiveB. eightC. twelveD. eighteen4. Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to __________.A. show the advantages of the division of labourB. show the advantages of the old craft systemC. emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD. emphasize the importance of increased production5. According to the writer, Adam Smith‟s mistake was in believing that division of labour________.A. was an efficient way of organizing workB. was an important development in methods of productionC. always led to economic developmentD. increased the production of existing goodsPassage TwoThe Red Cross is an international organization which cares for people who are in need of help. A man in a Paris hospital who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was injured in an earthquake, and family in India that lost their home in a storm may all be aided by the Red Cross.The Red Cross exists in almost every country around the globe. The world Red Cross organizations are sometimes called the Red Crescent, the Red Mogen David, the Sun, and the Red Lion. All of these agencies share a common goal of trying to help people in need.The idea of forming an organization to help the sick and wounded during a war started with Jean Henri Dunant. In 1859, he observed how people were suffering on a battlefield in Italy. He wanted to help all the wounded people regardless of which side they were fighting for. The most important result of his work was an international treaty called the Geneva Convention. It protects prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and other citizens during a war.The American Red Cross was set up by Clara Barton in 1881. Today the Red Cross in the United States provides a number of services for the public, such as helping people in need, teaching first aid and providing blood.6. Which of the following could best replace the title for this selection?A. People in Need of Help.B. Safety and Protection.C. The International Red Cross.D. Forming an organization to Help People.7. The word “aided” in the first paragraph means ___________.A. neededB. helpedC. caughtD. protec ted8. The author really tries to make the reader see that this organization ____________.A. costs very little moneyB. works in many nationsC. teaches first aid if necessaryD. is called the Sun9. We may drew a conclusion that ___________ during a war.A. the Red Cross only protects the woundedB. the Red Cross only helps prisoners of warC. the Red Cross only helps citizensD. the Red Cross helps all the people in need no matter which side they are fighting for10. The person who started the idea of this organization was ____________.A. CrossB. DunantC. BartonD. Mogen DavidPassage ThreeFootball is, I believe, the most popular game in England: one has only to go to one of the important matches to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shouting for one side or the other.To a stranger one of the most surprising things about football in England is the great knowledge of the game which even the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams, he has pictures of them and knows the results of large numbers of matches. He will tell you whom he expects will win such and such a match and his opinion is usually as good as that of men three or four times his age.Most schools in England take football seriously much more seriously than nearly allEuropean schools, where lessons are all important, and games are left for the children themselves. In England it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boy‟s mind with facts in the character is by means of games, especially team games, instead of working for himself alone. The school therefore plans games and matches for its pupils. Football is a good team game, it is good both for the body and the mind. That is why it is very school‟s game in England.11. At football matches, people often _______ one team or the other by shouting.A. watchB. win overC. laugh atD. support12. In England school boys seem ________ football games.A. to know a great deal aboutB. not to know much aboutC. to know a little aboutD. to know nothing about13. In the sentence “His opinion is as good as that of men three or four times his age”, “that”means ______.A. the matchB. the opinionC. the ageD. the team14. In England, education means ____________.A. filling a boy‟s mind with storiesB. more than teaching of knowledgeC. the teaching of knowledge onlyD. training character by means of football games15. Football games are very popular among _____________.A. all peopleB. adultsC. boys and girlsD. boys onlyPassage FourInsects‟ lives are very short and they have many enemies, but they must survive long enough to breed and perpetuate their kind. The less insect like they look, the better their chance of survival. To look “inedible” by resembling or imitating plants or objects that hold no interest or their enemies is a deception widely practiced by insects. Mammals rarely use this type of camouflage, but many fish and invertebrates do.The stick caterpillar is well named. It is hardly distinguishable from a brown or green twig. This caterpillar is quite common and can be found almost anywhere in North America. It is also called “measuring worm” or “inchworm”. It walks by arching its body, then stretching out and grasping the branch with its front feet, then looping its body again to bring the hind feet forward. When danger threatens, the stick caterpillar stretches its body away from the branch at an angle and remains rigid and still, like a twig, until the danger has passed.Walking sticks, or stick insects, do not have to assume a rigid, twig like pose to find protection; they look like inedible twigs in any position. There are many kinds of walking sticks, ranging in size from the few inches of the North American variety to some tropical species that may be over a foot long. When at rest their front legs are stretched out, heightening their camouflage. Some 9f the tropical species are adorned with spines or ridges, imitating the thorny bushes or trees in wh9ch they live.。
(0033)英语写作上
（0033）《英语写作上》复习思考题I. Find out the misplaced word or words in each sentence. Then rewrite the sentences, placing related words together and making the meaning clear.1. The meeting is to be held tomorrow evening at 7:30 in Room 202.2. These trees early come into blossom in spring.3. The only available material here is stone.4. Where water is scarce it is very difficult to live in the regions.5. Our production is going up at an unprecedented in history speed.6. Sofia and Mike only finished their novels by the assigned date.7. Tim and Rita decided to send their daughter to university on the day she was born.II. Revise the following sentences so as to make them concise.1. Because he did not know what to say, he kept silent.2. There are numerous business companies that exist throughout China.3. Xiao Wang was greatly frightened and he immediately went to his father for help.4. I have the feeling that she is upset by something.5. She eyed me with a look of hatred.III. Revise the following sentences to make the elements in them parallel.1. Leonardo da Vinci was known both as an inventor and painting pictures.2. Shirley has been a waitress, a tour guide, and taught school.3. It took Ulysses ten years of wondering and he suffered to reach his home.4. My friend‟s fat her is a good man who is kind.5. Gloria knew that patience, calmness, and if she was affectionate would quiet the child down.IV. The following paragraphs are not unified because each paragraph contains a sentence that does not relate to the controlling idea. If you find such a sentence, please underline it.1. As more women in the United States move up the professional ladder, more arefinding it necessary to make business trips alone. Since this is new for many, some pieces of advice are certainly needed. If you are married, it is a good idea to encourage your husband and children to learn to cook a few simple meals while you are away. They will be much happier and probably they will enjoy the experience. Certainly, children should be given more time to practice independence. If you will be eating alone a good deal, choose good restaurant. In the end, they will be much better for your digestion. You may also find it useful to call the restaurant in advance and state that you will be eating alone. You will probably get better service and almost certainly a better table. Finally, and most importantly, anticipate your travel needs as a business woman；this starts with light-weight luggage which you can easily manage even when fully packed. Take a folding case inside your suitcase；it will come in extremely handy for dirty clothes, as well as for business documents and papers you no longer need on the trip. And make sure you have a briefcase so that you can keep currently required papers separate. Obviously, experience helps, but you can make things easier on yourself from the first by careful planning, so that right from the start you really can have a good trip!2. Peirce's extensive publications are scattered among various publication media, andhave been difficult to collect. The only intelligent way to publish his works is to organize them chronologically and with extremely careful editing. Shortly after his death in 1914, his widow Juliette sold his unpublished manuscripts to the Department of Philosophy at Harvard University. Initially they were under the care of Josiah Royce, but after Royce's death in 1916, and especially after the end of the First World War, the papers were poorly cared for. Many of them were misplaced, lost, given away, scrambled, and the like.Carolyn Eisele, one of several heroes in a great effort to locate and assemble Peirce'swritings, reports having found a lost trunk of Peirce's papers only in the mid-1950's; it had, apparently for decades, been secreted in an unlit, obscure part of the basement in Harvard's Widener Library.3. In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, and do not make mistakes. As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.” And they are honest. Many bank s advertise that their transactions are “untouched by human hands” and therefore safe from human temptation. Obviously, computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no conscience, and the growing number of computer crimes shows they can be used to steal. Computer criminals probably break into big banks‟ computer systems just for fun. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness and often no evidence.4. Why people go to graduate schools? Well, first of all, there's the economy. More people signed up for the GMAT, the business school entrance exam, last year than in any previous year in its history, while 10 percent more law school hopefuls suffered through the LSAT this past December than did in 2001. Seeking refuge in grad school during an inhospitable job market is a time-tested strategy. Universities with higher employment rate naturally enjoy better reputation. When work was scarce in the mid-1980s, graduate applications rose about 7 percent a year. "It's a respectable thing to do," says Susan Krinsky, dean of admissions at the Tulane School of Law in New Orleans. "It's even a productive thing to do." And then there's the money. The lifetime income of those holding master's degrees surpasses those who received only a bachelor's by about $335,000, while professional and doctoral graduates earn $890,000 more than the bachelor's holders, according to the Employment Policy Foundation.5. Learning a foreign language has changed. Not so long ago, students would sit with pens in hand, writing the basic forms of a language, learning structures they would never be able to speak. In that same classroom today, pens and notebooks have been put away. Thespoken sounds of foreign tongue fill the room. Today, the last skill learned writing a foreign language comes as a natural and possible part of the total language learning process. Yet, just a few years ago, the last skill learned was the first skill mastered today speaking a foreign tongue. To visit some foreign countries, travelers have to apply for visas.V. Put the sentences of each group in correct order.Group 11. He called the device the photophone.2. The photophone did not use electricity to carry sound over wires between two people.3. Most people know that Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.4. …Photophone ‟comes from the Greek words for …light‟ and …sound‟.5. But not many know about another talking device he invented just four years later, in1880.6. With his invention, Bell could actually transmit human speech on a beam of light.7. Instead, the photophone used a beam of sunlight traveling through the air.Group 21. It is not necessary for you to write in it everyday, but it helps to record various insightsyou gain as you go about living your life.2. One of the things that have helped me to listen to my thoughts has been to keep ajournal.3. Because your words and your thoughts will determine your actions.4. (I've found that if I don't immediately write down ideas and insights as they come, it'shard to remember them later, at least with the same degree of clarity.)5. Whichever method you choose, what's most important is that you write your thoughtsdown.6. It will help you know what's in your heart.7. Listen to your words and listen even more closely to your thoughts. Why?8. Instead of using a big notebook, you might use a small note pad that you can keep inyour purse or pocket for easy access to record your thoughts as they occur to you.Group 3The last decade has brought about a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers noticed that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle (拼板玩具).1. The evidence comes from two quite different sources.2. Moreover, he suggested that the movement was the result of forces related to the spin ofthe earth.3. One was the exploration of the geology of the oceans.4. In 1912 the German scientist Wegener put forward the idea that all the continents of theearth have moved, on the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig saw puzzle and that there are many similarities in the distribution of animals and plants.5. Wegener's idea was attacked for over half a century by conservative geologists whocould not believe how continents could move, but now the evidence is becoming overwhelming that they do.6. Other evidence comes from the study of paleogeomagnetism.VI. Fill in the blanks with appropriate transitions or prepositions listed below.In this technical business world, the process of management decision-making has grown more complex. There is, however, a limit (1) the number of decisions that can be made by one person. (2) practice, this means that every company must limit the amount of responsibility that is given to individual employees. There are various opinions about the number of people that one person can manage directly in an efficient way；but, for higher executives (e.g. Heads of Departments), it is (3) agreed that the maximum number should be eight. People operate in groups in order to achieve objectives that they cannot achieve by working individually. In an efficiently-run company, the activities of the various groups and the responsibilities of the individuals (4) work within them must be carefully defined in anorganization structure.VII. Identify the way the following paragraph is developed. Then, write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Marriage by kidnappingThere was an engagement between a poor man and a rich girl. The man‟s family was afraid that the bride‟s family would not let her go through with the marriage. Spurred on by his family, one day the man kidnapped his bride-to-be. But, in a rush, he grabbed his fiancee‟s younger sister by mistake. The girl‟s family rushed out of the house and shouted, “You got the wrong one!” However, the younger sister said, “Don‟t listen to them. You got the right one. Run q uickly!”A. development by processB. development by timeC. development by definitionD. development by generalizationVIII. Read the following paragraphs and identify the best topics for them. Then write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Only the Gothic gained the popular acceptance with anything like the Modern Architecture. Like the Gothic, which required a full seventy-five years of experiment before it produced the cathedral of Charters, the Modern Architecture has continually improved its structural techniques, gained in scale, and revised its aesthetics as it has attempted to meet the full range of people‟s civilized needs.A. Modern Architecture develops from the Gothic.B. Modern Architecture is the best ever in the history of art.C. Modern Architecture is aesthetically superior to the Gothic.D. Modern Architecture is noted for its structural techniques.2. (1) It is often said that lightning never strikes twice in the same place. (2) But this is not true.(3) Go ask the forest rangers. (4) Rangers who spend their summers as fire fighters will tellyou that every thunderstorm brings several bolts of lightning to their craggy lookout stations.(5) Not only can lightning strike twice in the same place, it is likely to. (6) The familiar saying actually states the opposite of what really happens during an electrical storm.A. 1B. 4C. 5D. 63. (1) People who live in cities today think that meat is something that comes wrapped in cellophane from the supermarket. (2) Potatoes come by the pound in plastic or paper bags, and feathers grow in hats. (3) The city dwellers‟ views are quite different from the views of their ancestors, who knew that meat is hunted down in the forest, potatoes are planted and weeded, and only birds can produce feathers. (4) Yet, whether people today realize it or not, they are still as dependent on animals and plants for their existence as their ancestors were.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4IX. Study the following topic sentence and outline. Choose the sentence that does not belong to the outline and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Topic sentence: All the people on our block give us trouble.A. Mrs. Brown plays music extremely loud when we want to sleep.B. Mrs. Gonzalas invites us in for lemonade every day.C. If our sons happen to sneak into Mr. Hardy‟s yard, he yells at them.D. Mrs. Johnson complains our dog smells terrible and spoils her flowerbed.X. Combine the sentences in each group into a single sentence.1. The engineers have developed some new devices. These devices can change thepoisonous gases into harmless gases. After that these gases are sent out into the air.2. Some people have a strong will. To these people, failure is not a bad thing. It is a step tosuccess.3. Our city is getting increasingly crowded. Traffic is becoming increasingly heavy. Theremay be more and more road accidents.4. S ome factories cause much air and water pollution. They should be removed out of theurban areas. The municipal government demands this.5. The students can remain in the classroom to do their homework. They can go to thelibrary to do their homeworkXI. C omposition writing (analytic writing)Composition oneThe following verse, by unknown writer(s), has been popular on the Internet. It pictures some aspects of our everyday life. Each pair in this verse consists of two sentences opposite in meanings. Choose any pair that impresses you in certain way and write about it in 150 words.Easy and Difficult1.Easy is to show victoryDifficult is to accept defeat with dignity…2.Easy is to set rulesDifficult is to follow them…3.Easy is to promise to someoneDifficult is to fulfill that promise…4.Easy is to criticize othersDifficult is to improve oneself…5.Easy is to make mistakesDifficult is to learn from them…6.Easy is to receiveDifficult is to giveComposition twoA young Chinese father, now living in the U.S., has found out oceans of differences in the teaching and learning practices between the Chinese and American schools. Two years‟ observation of his son‟s improving performa nce at the American primary school led the father to believe that children should be taught to seek knowledge in a creative and enjoyable way. He has posted his opinions on his blog. Read part of his opinions below and write a passage of about 150 words on how teachers can help students to learn happily and successfully in the Chinese contexts.学校和老师正是在这一个个设问之中，向孩子们传输一种人道主义的价值观，引导孩子们去关注人类的命运，让孩子们学习思考重大问题的方法。
西南大学《综合英语四》复习思考题及答案
（0199）《综合英语四》复习思考题I. Vocabulary, Structure and GrammarDirections:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B. C. and D. You must choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. Not until my mother told me the sad news last night _______ that our neighbor Dr Li waskilled in a car accident the week before.A. I had knownB. I knewC. had I knownD. did I know2. He had a great collection of books, _____ are written in English.A. many in whichB. may amongC. many of thatD. many of which3. _______ to spend the vacation in the country.A. All but him and me are goingB. All but he and me am goingC. All but I and he is goingD. All but he and I are going4. __________ with air, a life jacket will keep a person afloat.A. It is filledB. FillingC. When filledD. When filling it5. He didn‟t go to the party, but he does wish he _________ there.A. had beenB. beC. wereD. would be6. Never _________ till tomorrow what you can do today.A. put upB. put outC. put offD. put over7. The rate at which scientific knowledge is increasing is ________ all the time.A. going offB. going withC. going outD. going up8. On New Year‟s Eve, there will be a firework _________ at People‟s Square.A. displayB. performanceC. showD. exhibition9. My brother likes eating very much but he isn‟t very _________ about the food he eats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. unusual10. They lay almost flat and _______ through the tube-like underground passage.A. crouchedB. crawledC. creptD. glided11. __________ since we moved to our new apartment.A. There have been five monthsB. It‟s five monthsC. There are five monthsD. I was five months12. The more Bill worked on the math problems, __________.A. he was much more confusedB. and the much confused he wasC. the more he was much confusedD. the more confused he was13. The two police officers rushed to the scene of the crime _______ they received the report from the old couple.A. the momentB. the timeC. the pointD. the split second14. _________ breaks the law will be fined or put in jail.A. No matter whoB. WhoeverC. Those whoD. Whenever one15. The old man jumped aside just in time to avoid _________.A. knocking downB. to be knocked downC. to knock downD. being knocked down16. It suddenly occurred to Anne that money couldn‟t ______ all that Bob had suffered in thepast five years.A. live up toB. make up forC. make outD. live through17. Every day thousands of businessmen fly the Atlantic and Pacific to have _____ with American firms.A. conversationsB. bargainingC. negotiationsD. dialogues18. The crippled John proudly walked with a ________ to the platform to join the children.A. jumpB. limpC. hopD. jog19. Undergraduate students have no _________ to the rare books in the school library.A. accessB. entranceC. wayD. admission20. Although many young people are keen ________ going abroad, he prefers to live and work inhis own country.A. forB. toC. onD. of21. She was _______ of his honesty.A. convincedB. persuadedC. temptedD. inclined22. If you wear that red hat, I‟ll be able to ________ you in the crowd.A. pickB. spotC. discoverD. realize23. The doctor recommends me _________ on a strict diet.A. to goB. goingC. I should goD. go24. Since that time he has _________ grown weaker and has been able to do less and less.A. rarelyB. steadilyC. activelyD. probably25. The ________ affairs of a country should not be interfered in.A. innerB. interiorC. internalD. inward26. She _______ the exam again since she had already passed it.A. needn‟t takeB. mustn‟t takeC. didn‟t need ta keD. didn‟t have to take27. The output of our factory this year has increased thirty percent as ______ with that of lastyear.A. compareB. comparingC. comparedD. to be compared.28. The book contains many beautiful ________.A. casesB. illustrationsC. examplesD. instances29. The decimal system _______ the system of counting by ten.A. proposesB. intendsC. meansD. supposes30. The football game comes to you __________ from Beijing.A. livingB. aliveC. liveD. lively31. Have you invited _________?A. the BrownsB. the Brown‟sC. Brown‟sD. the Browns‟32. In America, a lot of people believe that television _____ children.A. has a harmful effect onB. has an advantage overC. has a connection withD. has something to do with33. This problem will be further discussed _______ in our next class.A. in detailB. in partC. in generalD. in short34. He didn‟t go to the party, but he does wish he _________ there.A. had beenB. beC. wereD. would be35. Please remind me of it again tomorrow _______ I forget.A. in caseB. in most casesC. in the caseD. in the case of36. To tell a problem to a stranger is sometimes easier than ______ it to a friend.A. explainingB. explainC. to explainD. explains37. We often hear about airliners ______ because of technical faults.A. delayingB. delayC. having delayedD. being delayed88. It depends on _______ they will support us.A. itB. thatC. whetherD. so39. Paul‟s mother forbade ______ in her house.A. to smokeB. smokeC. smokingD. to have a smoke40. It is said that the piano ______ at the moment.A. was repairedB. being repairedC. is to be repairedD. is being repaired41. Riding his bicycle home from school, ______ as he went around the corner.A. a car hit himB. a car hitting himC. he was hit by a carD. he had been hit by a car42. I am considering __________ a university in New York.A. attendingB. to attendC. attendD. attended43. The noise was so _________ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.A. dimB. faintC. gentleD. quiet44. Never _________ till tomorrow what you can do today.A. put upB. put outC. put offD. put over45. We must ___________ our expenses, otherwise we won‟t be able to make both ends meet.A. cut down onB. cut short ofC. cut down withD. shorten with46. My steamboat voyage to Albany and back has ___________ rather more favorable than I hadexpected.A. turned inB. turned upC. turned toD. turned out47. Before the 16the century, guns were large, _________ weapons requiring two hands.A. handmadeB. cumbersomeC. portableD. inaccurate48. During their first teaching training year, the students often visited local schools for the________ of lessons.A. observationB. investigationC. inspectionD. examination49. My three daughters would like to have dancing lessons, but the _________ are very expensive.A. pricesB. costsC. feesD. wages50. That‟s a nice coat, and the color _________ you well.A. fitsB. suitsC. matchesD. showsII. CorrectionDirections: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled A, B, C, and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect.1. You wouldn‟t feel tired this morning if you went to bed earlier last night.A B C D2. The only way to influence others is to talk about that they want and show them how to get it.A B C D3. No sooner had he begun to speak when an ominous muttering arose from the audience.A B C D4. When Rose returned by abroad, she told me all about her trip.A B C D5. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs relax and rest in order to workA B Cefficiently.6. Like the committee has written in its current report, the rules need to be enforced more strictly.A B C D7. I know a young man who is uncertain if to be a boat builder or an accountant.A B C D8.Any world traveler has eating many exotic foods in the different countries he has visited.A B C D9. It is not easy to write good history even if all the facts could be known and documents.A B C D10. Financial institutions are able to create exchange, provision, and utilize funds.A B C D11. Ben droped his packages, smothered the blood flow with his hand as best he could.A B C D12. Two women, horrified, did a gesture of helplessness, and drove off.A B C D13. The children were so absorbed at their game that they did not notice the passage of time.A B C D14.It is difficult to do generalization about the characteristics of modern music becauseA B Cof the variety of existing styles.D15.In modern industrious areas, socio-cultural change is occurring at an accelerated rateA B C D16. Each of the major glacial stages produces distinctive land farms that remain long after theA B Cglacier had disappeared.D17. Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also how youA B C Dparticipate in class.18. Gatherings of more than three persons were prohibited, supposedly in the name of theA B Claw and order.D19. Alexander graham Bell received a patent in 1880 for the ideas of using light to relay soundA B C Dvia a telephone.20. I had to work last Sunday because I have been asked to write an article for a magazine.A B C D21. Although George has attended college until recently, he left without getting his degree.A B C D22. These reference books are not allowed to take out of the library.A B C D23. The consumer‟s desire for a commodity tends diminishing as he buys more units of thatA B C Dcommodity.24. Don‟t you agree that one‟s devotion to do tasks well is to be admired?A B C D25. By reading the instructions carefully, mistakes on the examination can be avoided.A B C D26. Cliff‟s and Al‟s car broke down again, but luckily they knew how to fix it.A B C D27. Electric power had become a so important part of American life that a complete shut-downA Bfor even a few seconds would have created chaos.C D28. Either Xiao Zhang or his father are going to the theatre, but one of them has to stay home.A B C D29. Statistics are his most difficult subject and Bob is worried that he won‟t pass the test.A B C D30. After he finishes his duties at the farm, Peter often occupies his self by fishing.A B C D31. When cutting flowers for arranging, leave two healthy leaves and the remaining stems to helpA B Cthe plant maintain it‟s vigor.D32. Jim is studying the engineering and hopes to work for the city designing bridgesA B Cwhen he graduates.D33. If I was 21 and wanted to study medicine, I don‟t think I would pack off to school.A B C D34. Parents are slow at realizing how unimportant the learning side of school is.A B C D35. When I was a little girl, my mother told me to wait for the light to turn green after I crossedA B C Dthe street.36. Parents are slow at realizing how unimportant the learning side of school is.A B C D37. We do not know how many creation is killed in the classroom with its emphasis on learning.A B C D38. In desperate Ben staggered into a storefront office.A B C D39. Many of those Miss may taught are teachers now them.A B C D40. It is not advisable to subordinate your work for pleasure.A B C D41. Laugher is one of the ways which we relax and recreate the Self.A B C D42. Logic trains the mind to draw the right conclusion, and avoid the wrong, to make the trueA B C Dinference and not the false.43. The distinction between truth and validity must be carefully observe.A B C D44. Many primitive peoples have a “secret mane” which they will not reveal anyone.A B C D45. Many comedis today are capable of biting satire.A B C D46. Don‟t leave the books on the desks. Put them back immediately where they belong to.A B C D47. The new model costs twice more than last year‟s model.A B C D48. When the clerk at a supermarket makes a mistake in my favor I sometimes receive it quietly.A B C D49. Sometimes laughter is a mean of releasing tension when we realize the futility of trying harder.A B C D50. The logical of his argument persuaded us that he was right.A B C DIII. ClozeDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A. B. C. and D. You should choose the one answer that fits best into the passage.Passage 1Advertising can be thought of “as the means of making 1 in order to buy or sell goods or services”. Advertising 2 increase people‟s awareness and arouse interest. It tries to inform and 3people to purchase. The media are all used to spread the message. The press offers a fairly cheapmethod. Magazines are used to reach special sections of the market. The cinema and commercial radio are useful 4 local markets. Television, 5 more expensive, can be very effective. Posters are fairly cheap and more permanent in their power of attraction. Other ways of increasing consumer interest are through exhibitions and trade fairs as 6 as direct mail advertising.It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertising 7 sales. 8 the market is growing, advertising helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertising may prevent a bigger fall in sales 9 would occur without its support. What is clear is that businesses would not pay large sums for advertising if they were not 10 of its value to them.1. A. to be known B. knowing C. known D. to know2. A. aims to B. deals with C. aims at D. gets to3. A. persuade B. to persuade C. dissuade D. to dissuade4. A. for B. to C. in D. at5. A. however B. but C. although D. if6. A. well B. much C. good D. soon7. A. for B. on C. in D. at8. A. If B. Although C. Unless D. When9. A. and B. that C. as D. than10. A. convinced B. believed D. thought D. arguedPassage 2Those who criticize economic growth argue 1 we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits 2 growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible negative effects of industry on the 3 environment, and the continuing increases in the world‟s populating. As society reaches these limits, economic 4 can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.People who want more economic growth, on the 5 hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. They believe that only more growth can create the capital 6 to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protest our natural surroundings 7 industrialization.This debate over desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance 8 business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth 9 correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored. To find a solution, economists and the business community must 10 attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.1. A. which B. where C. that D. how2. A. on B. against C. by D. to3. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. national4. A. grows B. growing C. grow D. growth5. A. others B. other C. another D. other‟s6. A. needed B. need C. needing D. needs7. A. in B. on C. from D. over8. A. both B. on C. in D. to9. A. is B. are C. were D. to be10. A. pay B. give C. have D. showPassage 3In every cultivated language there are two classes of words which, taken together, comprises the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words 1 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use 2 we could not read or write. They 3 the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who use the language. Such words may be called “popular”, 4 they belong to the people at large and are not the exclusive share of a limited class.On the other hand, our language comprises a multitude of words which are comparatively 5 used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 6 to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother‟s lips or from the talk of our school-mates, 7 from books that we read, lectures that we attend, or the more 8 conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual 9 of everyday life. Such words are called “learned”, a nd the 10 between them and the “popular” words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.1. A. in B. by C. with D. through2. A. for B. even C. despite D. even if3. A. concern B. care C. mind D. relate4. A. since B. before C. after D. when5. A. much B. frequently C. never D. seldom6. A. reason B. prospect C. necessity D. preface7. A. or B. but C. and D. besides8. A. casual B. sincere C. formative D. formal9. A. direction B. border C. obstacle D. extent10. A. distinction B. variety C. diversion D. similarityPassage 4Passengers have been flying around the world on Boeing aircraft for over 70 years, but stewardesses only began serving on airplanes in 1930s. one day ___1_____ the CEO of the Boeing Aircraft Company was ____2_____ the lack of services on airline flights, a pretty former nurse ____3_____ Ellen Tetchy came and ____4_____ to do the job. She strongly recommended that women ____5____ for providing services on airline flights. The chairman of the board of Boeing approved and eight young women, including Ellen Tetchy, were hired for an eight-month ____6____ period which they began actually ____7_____ services on planes. With warmth and smiles they _____8_____ food and drinks to the passengers and did all theycould to make passengers comfortable, winning the _____9_____ praise of the passengers and the _____10_____ of newspapers all over the world with their outstanding service. After that, Boeing formally hired them as “air hostesses”, soon the airlines of all other countries followed suit.1. A. that B. during C. while D. when2. A. bothering B. annoying C. worrying about D. troubling3. A. named B. called by C. named after D. calling4. A. said B. volunteered C. applied D. presented5. A. will be hired B. shall be employedC. be hiredD. would be employed6. A official B. trial C. trival D. trying7. A. giving B. exhibiting C. offering D. proposing8. A. served B. issued C. distributed D. made9. A. national B. anniversary C. universal D. daily10. A. praise B. attention C. award D. attributePassage 5The book is the best research machine invented. ___1__ mass printing began a few hundred years ago, it has given hundreds of millions of people information they could not have found anywhere ___2___.But many readers don‟t know how a book is organized to help them. They see the different __3__ of a book. However, the reason for such organization escapes them.The first thing to ___4___ at is the title and author. Every now and then, a title doesn‟t tell you very much about ___5____ is inside, but usually it does. Sometimes a subtitle gives you more information than the main title. ___6_____ a book has a dust jacket, read the inside flaps. They usually give you a fairly good breakdown ____7______ what the book is about. Behind the title page in most books is the copyright notice. It is ____8____ to look at this, especially the last date of copyright. Suppose you are studying space travel, a book with a 1916 copyright will not cover moon landings.Check the author‟s background, if possible. Now and then, you can ____9____ it in a beginning part called a preface. Read carefully about the author. Do you think he or she is ___10____ to write on the book‟s subject? Does his or her background make the author an expert in this field?1. A. As B. Although C. Because D. Since2. A. else B. earlier C. yet D. later3. A. elements B. chapters C. parts D. portions4. A. study B. look C. attempt D. try5. A. what B. that C. which D. it6. A. That B. Where C. If D. For7. A. on B. for C. of D. in8. A. convenient B. easy C. important D. world9. A. make B. write C. find D. check10. A. possible B. qualified C. capable D. knownIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a. B. C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIt is an inescapable fact that to most people there comes time when failing powers of mind or body make it impossible for them to manage their daily lives without some sort of help, and despite the weakened sense of family solidarity, this help is still forthcoming in many cases from children, other relatives, or occasionally friends. When an old person or old couple gives up an independent home and becomes part of another household it does not mean that all the problems of old age are automatically solved; the problems are different, not so pressing perhaps, and their solution lies more with the younger relatives than with the older people themselves.Caring for the aged, wherever they may be living, requires skill as well as goodwill. Much advice is now available for those caring for young children and babies, and there are numerous books to help mothers in bringing up their families, but as far as I know little has been written about the day-to-day care of old people. Fortunately the first essentials, sympathy and affection, are very often to be found, and will carry relatives, friends and old people a long way, but not the whole way; without these two virtues the work of caring for the old can be burdensome and unrewarding.1.The author states that it is ______ that most people in course of time, become too old to takecare of themselves.A. generally acceptedB. undeniableC. very regrettableD. just inevitable2. People, when too old to manage their daily lives, usually can get help from children and otherrelatives ________.A. because of the strong sense of family solidarity.B. though the sense of family solidarity has been weakened.C. even if they insist on living independentlyD. so they prefer to live in another household3. Whether the problems of old age can be properly solved depends mainly on ______.A. the younger family membersB. the older people themselvesC. how much advice is availableD. how cooperative the older people are4. The author suggests that _______.A. the work for the old can be highly rewarding though very burdensomeB. much more is to be written about the day-to-day care of the oldC. Not all young people are aware that it calls for thoughtfulness and skill to take good careof old peopleD. not all young people have enough sympathy and affection for old people5. What do you suppose the author will go on to discuss in the following paragraphs?A. The importance of solving the problems of old age.B. The need for the young to foster deep sympathy and love for the aged.C. Some advice on how to treat the old thoughtfully and tactfully.D. A request for setting up more homes-for-the-aged.Passage TwoMan is a gregarious creature. Companionship plays an important role in human development at all stages in life. The hours that a child plays in company with his peers expand his life space, help him to develop his physical skills, and provide him with experience in getting along with others. Contact with peers becomes the primary means for the adolescent to achieve independence from parents and the attainment of status as an individual in his own right.Finding a congenial social group is one of the major development tasks of adulthood. In the later years of life, the loss of the loved ones through death, the preoccupation of sons and daughters with their own adult problems, the decline of physical powers, and the loss of occupation all serve to make the search for companionship of lifelong importance in the satisfaction of fundamental psychological needs. As long a one lives, adjustment will be conditioned by the capacity for, and skill in the conduct of, companionship.The capacity for establishing effective relationships with others results from social contacts, not primarily from what one learns out of books. You need to form and preserve friendships. In college this means the participation in at least one club or organization and in at least some extracurricular campus activities. This participation will aid you in improving your social skills and will provide you with desirable companionship.In seeking satisfaction from companionship, you also need to cultivate a deep friendship with several special persons with whom you can share your triumphs and disappointments. It is a psychological fact that telling your troubles to another person affords release from psychological tensions, provides feedback so as to give you a truer and more valid perspective of your problems. True, special friends will overlook your shortcomings and at the same time assist you in evaluating and overcoming your difficulties. The benefits of such special companionship cannot be all one-sided or there would be no friendship. Your special friends have the right to expect and receive these same satisfactions from you.6. This selection is concerned mainly with ________.A. the important role which companionship plays the development of human lifeB. the capacity for companionshipC. the skills in conduct of companionshipD. cultivation of a deep friendship with special persons7. Which of the following is NOT true?A. companionship helps the young people shape their character.B. companionship helps adults succeed in their career.C. the best way to develop one‟s capacity for companionship is to find a good book on thattopic.D. the best way to find a good friend is to be one.8. According to the author, good friends will _____ your shortcomings.A. criticizeB. help you analyze and overcomeC. forgiveD. pay no attention to9. According to the author, com0anionship can enrich personal satisfactions by _______.A. affording emotional releaseB. providing an opportunity to care about othersC. creating a feeling of true significanceD. all of the above10. a suitable title for the passage might be ________.A. “Man −− A Social Creature”B. “Companionship − A Basic Psychological Need”C. “Friendship − A Mutual Relationship”D. “How to Seek Personal Satisfaction from Companionship"Passage ThreeBy far the most common snake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other kinds of poisonous snakes. It can be found almost anywhere, but it prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all.Most people regard snake bites as deadly, but not all bites are serious, and very few are deadly. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with someone heroically, but mistakenly, trying to do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally, or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close.The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon several things, one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison.Very few people actually die from snake bites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness.11. Adders are to be found___________.A. in many parts of Britain and IrelandB. Everywhere in Britain except ScotlandC. on wild land throughout BritainD. in shady field in Scotland12. If you are with someone who is bitten by an adder, you should __________.A. try to catch the adderB. make no attempt to treat the bite by yourselfC. not worry about the victimD. operate on him as soon as possible13. We are told that adders are _________.A. normally friendly towards people。
(0162)《综合英语三》复习思考题答案
（0162）《综合英语三》复习思考题答案I. V ocabulary, Structure and Grammar1. B2. B3. D4. B5. C6. C7. C8. D9.C 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. D 41. C 42.B 43. D 44. C 45. C 46 C 47 C 48. A 49. A 50. B II. Correction1. D2. C3. C4. D5. C6. A7. B8. B9. A 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. D 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. B46. B 47. A 48. A 49. C 50. CI I I. ClozePassage 11. B2. D3. C4. C5. D6. A7. B8. C9. D 10. APassage 21. D2. B3. C4. A5. D6. A7. C8. D9. D 10. APassage 31. B2. A3. A4. B5. D6. C7. A8. A9. B 10. DPassage 41. B2. A3. C4. C5. C6. B7. A8. B9. D 10. D Passage 51. B2. A3. D4. A5. A6. C7. B8. B9. D 10. BIV. Reading Comprehension1. D2. B3. B4. B5. C6. C7. B8. B9. D 10. A11. A 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C16.A 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. D21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B31. C 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. C36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. C41. C 42. C 43. B 44. C 45. B46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. B51. D 52. A 53. D ............................ 54. C 55. A56. A 57. B 58. C ............................ 59. C 60. C61. B 62. C 63. D ............................ 64. C 65. A66. D 67. C 68. A 69. B 70. B71. C 72. A 73. B 74. B 75. BV. Translation1. He dreamed of going to college all his life, but never made it.2. Their line of argument is that passive smoking is harmful to people’s health, and many people suffer from it.3. She spent much money buying clothes, so that she had little left soon.4. A few grey hairs at her temples showed up in the light.5. He left angrily, slamming the door behind him.6. The foreign visitors visited the whole campus in the president’s company.7. The general manager of this company was under a barrage of questions from the pressmen.8. This article is meant to warn the public of the danger of water pollution.9. She is so weak that I can knock her down with feather.10. She staged a very artistic performance.11. He’s susceptible to woman’s tears.12. The chairman of the congress raised an interesting proposal worthy of our discussion.13. They are very seriously concerned about the problems.14. The Japanese grammar is a bother to him.15. Use every opportunity to stress the importance of speaking English.16. He tried to avoid getting involved in it.17. In the contemporary society, competition and challenge often afford a chance to develop one’s talent.18. Don’t be disappointed with temporary setbacks. Y ou should believe “All roads lead to Rome”.19. For explorers, adventure and excitement mean one and the same thing.20. This couldn’t have been his fault. He didn’t come to work that day.V I. Writing(Omitted.)。
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初中英语复习思考题1.依据巴特利特和鲁梅尔哈特的观点，图式分别代表什么？巴特利特把图式定义为围绕某一主题组织起来的知识表征和记忆贮存方式，是“各种过去反应、过去经历的动态组合体，它在任何生物反应中都起着作用。
”鲁梅尔哈特的观点，图式代表一种相互作用的知识结构，涵盖了词汇意义、复杂事件、意识形态等不同层面的知识网络，也就是指人们通过不同途径所积累的各种知识、经验等的集合。
图式有序地储存在人类大脑的长期记忆中，构成一个庞大的网络2.从鲁梅尔哈特的图式观点来看，学习过程是什么样的过程？在其图式理论柜架内有哪几种学习模式？学习过程，作为一个认知过程，既是对情境的反应，又是对记忆网络中似单元的激活，并使实际激活模式与新信息之间产生匹配、产生理解的过程。
因此可以说，学习过程就是认知结构不断变化和重新组织的过程。
在图式理论的框架内划分了三种主要的学习模式：1)增生(accretion)；2)调适(tuning)；3)重建( reconstruction)。
(Rumelhart &Norman，1978：38–50；Rumelhart，1980：52 - 4)3.基于鲁梅尔哈特的学习模式，教学过程中应该重视什么？教学过程中应该重视的不是学生知识点的增加，而是学生的能动作用、学生认知能力的发展，因为在教学过程中，学生才是真正的主体4.课堂教学的设计应该以什么为起点？课堂教学要以学生的认知状况为起点。
5.课堂教学的设计要突出什么、注意什么、强调什么？课堂教学的设计要突出学生自主建构知识的必要性，要注意新知识和学生原有图式之间的相互关联性，强调培养学生自主吸纳，构建新知识的能力。
6.课堂教学要尊重什么？课堂教学要尊重学生的自主参与和认知特点7.学习者主动建构的结果是什么？新旧知识的匹配、组织和吸纳是学习者主动建构的结果，8.知识来自于什么？知识来自于主体和客体的结合、互动。
9.怎样才能进行有效的教学？有效的教学在于不断根据学生的认知特点来调整教学内容，改变教学方法，重新建立促进学生建构个人理解的教学实践，帮助学生改变原有的知识图式，提升学生的认知能力。
10.设计课堂教学前必须思考哪些问题？教师如何引导学生的认知获得过程、如何对学生的知识构建过程进行评价和调控教师如何创造有利于学生思考和探索的良好环境是设计课堂教学前必须思考的问题。
11.在教学内容的安排和教学设计上要注意什么？在教学内容的安排上要注重各知识点之间的相互关联和融通，课堂教学的设计要有弹性要学生的思考和自主活动留出空间和时间，教师要引导学生通过对问题的反复思考，帮助学生在新的知识点和先前学过的知识之间建立联系，让学生对知识寻求深入的理解，自觉、自主地建构良好的认知结构。
12.从多种智力理论看多媒体外语教学有哪些优势？1丰富的学习资源有助于满足不同智力学习者的要求2灵活多样的学习方式能够促进学习者智力的全面发展3宽松、自由的多媒体环境为学习者的智力发展创造了良好条件13.怎样才能保证智力发展的最佳效果？多种智力协同作用才会保证智力发展的最佳效果。
14. 多媒体教学对外语学习者有何作用？为学习者的智力发展创造了哪些条件？多媒体教学使外语学习者可以自由选择适合自己的方法，从多个渠道刺激智力的潜能，为促进学生智力的发展起到了推动作用。
在多媒体环境下，学生的学习时间及地点受到较少限制，学习内容和方式可以自由选择，交流的方式主要是和机器打交道，因此，学习主动性大为提高。
这种轻松的环境有利于学生学习效率的提高(蔡基刚，2000)，同时也有益于学生智力的全面发展(Gardner，1983)。
15.多媒体外语教学的主要存在问题有哪些？首先，多媒体外语教学过程对教师和学生的动手操作能力有强迫性的、最基本的要求。
这意味着它对所有参与者的运动智力提出了统一的最低标准，对于运动智力较弱的人可能会产生压力、紧张或焦虑。
其次，发展学习者的多种智力，需要及时、适当地对学习者给予鼓励，但是在多媒体环境下，教师的作用主要是参与课程设计、实施课程管理、提供必要的技术或知识上的支持、检查学习效果等，传统教师的作用被弱化了。
再次，多媒体教学环境本身存在着一定的局限性。
为发展学生的运动智力，传统课堂中，外语教师可以尝试哑剧、角色演习、戏剧等教学方法帮助学生利用身势语、体态手势去表达思想或弥补语言表达能力的欠缺。
16.Goodman认为阅读是怎样的心理过程？Goodman认为：阅读是一种极其复杂的心理语言活动，是作者、语言信息和读者三方面共同作用的结果。
17. 阅读注意力是什么样的心理因素？阅读注意力在整个心理过程中从始至终都起着组织和维持的作用，是在阅读认知过程中具有调控作用的心理因素。
18. 对阅读过程起着定向与动力作用的是什么？阅读兴趣不仅对阅读过程起着定向与动力作用，而且是产生阅读动机的重要主观原因19. 读者对阅读材料的理解依赖于什么？读者对阅读材料的理解依赖于概念能力、处理策略和“已知知识、旧有的知识”的相互作用。
20.阅读认知心理由什么组成？阅读的心理要素分为智力因素和非智力因素。
阅读注意、阅读记忆、阅读思维、阅读想象、阅读联想等基本心理活动组成了阅读认知心理。
21. 英语阅读教学中的语言方面和非语言方面分别指什么？语言方面主要指语言知识水平，在教学中指词汇、习惯用语、语法及篇章知识等；非语言方面主要指与文章内容有关的背景知识、阅读技能和策略等。
22.发展阅读理解的根本途径是什么？心理语言学家认为阅读策略不仅可以提高学生的阅读理解能力，而且还能弥补他们语言知识的不足，如：预测、联想策略可以帮助阅读者发展逻辑思维并锻炼智力猜想(intelligent)，它是发展阅读理解的根本途径。
23. 阅读活动中最活跃、最直接、起支配作用的心理因素是什么?阅读动机是阅读活动中最活跃、最直接、起支配作用的心理因素24. 外语阅读元认知策略包括哪些？元认知策略包括：阅读前策略(预读、预测、联想)；阅读中策略(自我提问、自我监控)；阅读后策略(自我评价、自我反应)。
25. 新课程下的英语科中、高考在考查知识时主要是考查什么？目前已经基本上形成以考查能力为主的命题指导思想，单纯考查知识的试题越来越少（占很少的比例）。
26. 新课程下应该怎样讲授语法？新课程不主张淡化语法，只是提出不要过于强调单纯传授语法知识的做法，不要脱离语境讲授和记忆语法规则。
教师不要脱离语境去讲授语法，学生不要脱离语境去学习语法，这是新课程所倡导的一种理念。
27. 系统的语法知识与以考查能力为主的考试之间有无必然相关关系？英语新课程很重视语言知识，只是注意的方式不同。
没有证据表明系统的语法知识与以考查能力为主的考试之间有必然相关关系。
也就是说，如果将来学生参加的考试是以考查能力为主的话，与学生系统的学习语法没有必然的关系。
28. 为什么考试不需要直接考查学生对语法知识的掌握情况？考试是抽样的，不能也不需要面面俱到。
所谓考什么就教什么，不考就不教的做法是错误的。
不考语法不等于不需要学习语法。
学习语法、词汇是为了形成语言运用能力，中、高考主要考查学习的最终结果。
如果学生在考试中表现出较高的语言运用能力，就说明掌握基本的语法和词汇知识。
因此，考试不需要直接考查学生对语法知识的掌握情况。
也有相反的说法，虽然考试不考语法，但语法是基础，是听力理解、阅读理解的基础，所以还是要重视语法。
如何看待这种说法呢？听、说、读、写等语言技能确实要以一定的语法知识为基础，但是只有语法知识是不能形成这些能力的；如果把大部分时间花在语法上，肯定不能形成听、说、读、写的能力。
所以，不能夸大语法知识的作用，在教学中也不能一味强调语法教学的作用。
29. 对于知识与能力的训练，平时练习与中、高考有何区别？1. 总体来讲，中高考主要以考查能力为主。
一个重要的证据之一就是，考试主要考查听力、阅读和写作能力。
这三部分显然是能力，所以说，至少从考查的内容来看，中考主要考查能力。
虽然有时由于命题技术方面的原因和材料选择方面的问题，还有一小部分考查知识的试题，但这种试题将越来越少。
2. 即使是考查知识，也是考查知识的运用，而不是单纯的考查语言形式。
我们平时的练习题与中、高考题是有本质区别的。
不能只看表面的现象，要看本质的区别。
3. 部分省市的中、高考题将进一步改革，有的地区计划试题只有听力、阅读、写作三部分；适当的时候还要进行口语。
这样就可以逐步过渡到以考查能力为主的考试体系。
一些国外的试题也是这样。
所以，从这个角度来讲，现在的中高考已经不是以考查知识为主了。
30. 听力理解和口头表达的基础是什么？语音是听力理解和口头表达的基础；31. 为什么没有必要单独检测微观语音能力?语音基础差的学生听力一般比较差；较好的听说能力的背后肯定有较好的语音知识和语音能力。
如果学生在听力和口语考试中有很好的表现，就说明他们已经具备了较好的语音能力，因而没有必要单独检测微观语音能力32. 课堂上为什么要开展听说活动或互动活动？一方面，多数地区的中高考含有听力部分，不考听力的地区越来越少；有些地区的中考已经包括口试，而且记入总分，这在很多程度上促进了学生的英语学习，将来的高考也可能进行口试。
另一方面，课堂上的听说活动不完全是为了练习听说能力；听说活动是与读写活动不同的学习渠道，是获得语言知识和其他方面知识的重要过程。
33. 课文的主要功能是什么？课文的首要功能不是作为知识的载体，课文首先是用来阅读的；阅读的目的主要是培养阅读能力，其次是提供语言输入和文化输入；没有必要详细讲解课文中的语言点。
34. 为什么考试不能与教材挂钩？中高考命题时，如果要求考试内容与教材挂钩是不合理的。
终结性外语水平考试一般不应该与某种教材内容直接挂钩。
在教育部下发的《中考命题指导》（2005年江苏教育出版社出版）里明确指出，考试内容不能直接与教材挂钩，既不能以一套教材为蓝本，更不能多套教材兼顾。
所以说，考试是不能与教材挂钩的。
教育部明确规定，各省初高中教材至少有三套。
教材的权威性不取决于它是否与考试挂钩。
35. 语言学习的主要途径是什么？阅读是语言学习的主要途径。
36. 老师应该为学生选择什么样的阅读材料？在阅读教学中，老师给学生的阅读材料的内容应该尽量广泛，能够让学生感兴趣，而不应该局限于带选择题的阅读练习材料。
37. 为什么说大量做习题对提高考试成绩并没有明显的作用？种类繁杂的练习题质量没有保证，各类练习题多围绕知识点设计，而不是考查学生的实际语言运用能力。
大量地做模拟题，而不注重平时的积累，其结果只能是事倍功半。
可以这么说，大量地做练习题和模拟考试题对提高考试成绩并没有明显的作用。
38. 考试前应怎样应试？题化，问题层次化，层次梯度化，梯度渐进化，59. 什么是导学案的核心？“三学”，即学生、学情、学法60. 怎样理解“导学案”？导学案重在“导”，核心是“学”，而案是基于“三学”的设计。