消化系统The digestive system
医学英语消化系统图文解说

Text Study——Part 1
1. What are other terms for digestive tract?
Digestive tract is also termed as gastrointestinal tract, alimentary canal or gut(消化道).
They are also known as accessory organs, because they are not part of the digestive tract, yet have a role in digestive activities.
Unit Two
The Digestive System
Objectives
In this unit, we are going to learn to:
1. Grasp some medical terms related to digestive system.
2. Describe the function of the digestive system, and differentiate between organs of the alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs;
Text Study——Part 1——Translation
There are many people who are waiting to be admitted to the hospital ward.
许多人在等着入院。
Fat-soluble vitamins, which include vitamins A,D,E, and K, are usually absorbed with the help of foods that contain fat.
介绍消化系统作文英文

介绍消化系统作文英文英文:Digestive system is one of the most essential systemsin our body. It is responsible for breaking down the foodwe eat into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by our body. The digestive system consists of various organs including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.The process of digestion begins in the mouth where the food is chewed and mixed with saliva. The saliva contains enzymes that help break down the carbohydrates in the food. The food then passes through the esophagus and into the stomach where it is mixed with stomach acid and digestive enzymes. The stomach then churns the food into a liquid consistency and slowly releases it into the small intestine.In the small intestine, the food is further broken down by enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. Thenutrients from the food are then absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine. The remaining waste products then pass into the large intestine where water is absorbed and the waste is formed into feces. The feces then travel to the rectum and anus where they are eliminated from the body.A healthy digestive system is essential for our overall health and wellbeing. Poor digestion can lead to a variety of health problems such as bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. It is important to maintain a balanced diet and stay hydrated to keep our digestive system functioning properly.中文:消化系统是我们身体中最重要的系统之一。
第13章 消化系统(翻译)

Common symptoms and signs of the digestive system
Nausea and vomiting Anorexia 食欲缺乏 神经性厌食症 anorexia nervosa 胃气胀 Gas and bloating =flatulency Constipation
A nonspecific chronic transmural(透 壁性) inflammatory disease that most commonly affects the distal ileum and colon but may occur in any part of the GI tract.
ANSWER:
CIRRHOSIS (of the liver)
Interested? OK! One more case!
Symptoms
Bouts of bloody diarrhea Abdominal cramps and pain Fatigue Weight loss Night sweats
Symptoms:
exhaustion fatigue loss of appetite nausea weakness weight loss abdominal pain spider-like blood vessels (spider angiomas) that develop on the skin
CHAPTER 13
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Exercise I
maze
Look at the diagram and tell the parts of the digestive system in the order that food passes through the body.
关于消化系统的英文PPT

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• The pharynx or throat ,is a long muscular tube that serves
as a passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus and as a passway for air from nose to the windpipe.
• In the wall of the entire small intestine are millions of villi. It is through the capillaries in the villi that completely digested nutrients pass into the bloodstream and lymph vessels.
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The stomach
It is composed of an upper portion called fundus,a middle section known as the body and a lower portion, called the antrum.
The cardiac sphincter relaxes and contracts to move food from the esophagus into the stomach ,whereas the pyloric sphincter allows food to leave the stomach when it sufficiently digested.
• The esophagus is a long muscular tube extending from the
鱼类学-消化系统PPT教学课件

鳃耙是鱼类的一种滤 食器官,亦有保护鳃丝的 作用。
鱼类鳃耙的数目、形 状与鱼的食性有一定关系。
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鳃耙数
鳃耙的数目在鱼类分类上有时亦作为分类标志之 一。
鳃耙数:第一鳃弓的外鳃耙数。 上鳃耙数:咽鳃骨、上鳃骨上附生的鳃耙数。 下鳃耙数:角鳃骨、下鳃骨上附生的鳃耙数。
也有不分上下鳃耙记载的,记录第一鳃弓外鳃耙 总数。
鱼类的舌一般比较原始,没有弹性,不能活动。 少数鱼类舌退化甚至无舌,如海龙科。 一些鱼类的舌上布有味蕾,并有神经支配。 鱼类的味蕾不仅分布于舌上,在口腔、触须及 体侧等处均有分布。
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(三)鳃耙(gill raker)
鱼类鳃弓朝口腔的一 侧长有鳃耙,一般每一鳃 弓长有内外两行鳃耙,其 中以第一鳃弓外鳃耙最长。
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幽门盲囊(pyloric caeca)
大部分硬骨鱼类在胃后方、肠开始处的许多指状 盲囊突出物。或称幽门垂。幽门盲囊均开口于十二指 肠。
幽门盲囊的组织结 构与肠壁组织相似,其 作用一般认为是用来扩 大肠子的吸收表面积, 同时又能分泌与肠壁相 同的分泌物。
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小肠
十二指肠: 内壁无突起,管径较细,胰管开口于此。 回肠: 管径较粗。 螺旋瓣(spiral valve) : 软骨鱼类及少数硬骨鱼类的肠 壁粘膜层及粘膜下层突出于管 腔的褶膜,一般排成螺旋状, 它有增加吸收面积的功能。螺 旋瓣排列状态和数目因种而异, 其排列形态大致可分为螺旋型 和画卷型两大类。
消化系统-英文版

the Alimentary Tract
The mouth, or oral cavity, is the first part of the digestive tract.It is adapted to receive food by ingestion, break it into small particles by mastication, and mix it with saliva.The lips, cheeks, and palate form the boundaries.The oral cavity contains the teeth and tongue and receives the secretions from the salivary glands.
The stomach is divided into the fundic, cardiac, body, and pyloric regions. The stomach has three layers of muscle: an outer longitudinal layer, a middle circular layer, and an inner oblique layer.The inner lining consists of four layers: the serosa, the muscularis, the submucosa, and the mucosa.The mucosa is densely packed with gastric glands, which contain cells that produce digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and mucus. The stomach is a multi-functional organ, it stores food, breaks it down and then empties it into the small intestine.
介绍消化系统英语作文

介绍消化系统英语作文英文回答:The digestive system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to break down food intonutrients that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum.The digestive process begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Saliva contains enzymes that begin to break down carbohydrates. The food is then swallowed and travels down the esophagus to the stomach.The stomach is a muscular organ that churnes the food and mixes it with gastric juices. Gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid and enzymes that further break down proteins and fats. The stomach also produces a hormone called gastrin, which stimulates the production of gastric juices.The food is then passed through the pyloric valve into the small intestine. The small intestine is a long, coiled tube that is lined with villi. Villi are small, finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine and help to absorb nutrients. The small intestine also produces enzymes that further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.The food is then passed through the ileocecal valveinto the large intestine. The large intestine is a shorter, wider tube than the small intestine. The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the food and stores waste products. The waste products are then passed through the rectum and expelled from the body.The digestive system is a vital part of the body. It provides the body with the nutrients it needs to function properly. Without a healthy digestive system, the bodywould not be able to absorb nutrients from food and would eventually become malnourished.中文回答:消化系统是一个由器官和组织组成的复杂网络,这些器官和组织共同作用,将食物分解成营养物质,以便吸收进入血液中。
消化系统(英文版) PPT课件

The large intestine is made up of three portions: the ascending, transverse and descending colon. It is the portion of the digestive system most responsible for absorption of water from the indigestible residue of food. The ileocecal valve of the ileum (small intestine) passes material into the large intestine at the cecum. Material passes through the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions of the colon, and finally into the rectum. From the rectum and anus, the waste is expelled from the body.
Liver is the largest gland in the body. On the surface, the liver is divided into two major lobes and two smaller lobes. It overlies and almost completely covers the stomach.
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肠
• 小肠:消化吸收的主要部位 • 圆口类、软骨鱼类、低等硬骨鱼类的小
肠后部有螺旋瓣
• 有些有胃鱼类的胃与小肠之间有幽门盲 囊
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• 大肠:不明显 • 泄殖腔:圆口类及多数硬骨鱼类无,软骨
鱼类有 • 肠的长短与食性有关
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第二节 消化腺
一、肝脏 二、胰脏
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休息一下
消化系统 The digestive system
配合CAI课件材料
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•功
能
• 能量是生命活动的第一需要。
• 主要功能是:摄取食物、进行消化,吸 收,营养全身;
• 残渣形成粪便,排出体外
• 解毒、抵御微生物侵害的功能
• 包括:消化管 消化腺
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第一节 消化管
一、口咽腔:齿、舌、鳃耙 二、食道 三、胃 四、肠
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齿
• 圆口类无颌,也无颌齿 • 软骨鱼类有由盾鳞演变来的齿,生于上
下颌 • 硬骨鱼类在上下颌、腭骨、犁骨、舌骨、
鳃弓等处都可能有。
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狭纹虎鲨的下颌齿
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舌
• 圆口类的舌有角质齿
• 其他鱼类的舌是由基舌骨突出部分覆以 黏膜构成,无弹性,缺乏活动能力;
• 但多鳍鱼和肺鱼的舌有肌肉,可活动。 多数鱼类 的舌前端游离,能上下活动, 如鳗鲡。
• 鲤科鱼类等不能活动。
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口腔腺
• 圆口类舌下两侧有一对口腔腺,分泌物 为抗凝血剂,适于寄生。
• 其他鱼类只有单细胞黏液腺
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• 鳃耙:过滤食物
• 食道:通道 • 胃:储存食物、初步消化 • 圆口类、全头亚Fra bibliotek(银鲛)、肺鱼、某
些硬骨鱼类等不具胃 • 板鳃亚纲、多数硬骨鱼类具胃
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治疗多为对症治疗,药物包括制酸剂, H2拮抗 剂和质 子泵。 2. 慢 性 胃 炎的 癌变 对于胃溃疡发生癌变,人们比较容易理 解,但 对于有 些类型 的慢性 胃炎也 会发生 癌变, 许多人 会感到 不可思 议.然 而,慢 性萎缩 性胃炎 发生癌 变却是 事实
编辑本段现代中医史(df4肺炎88gdg青霉素d25f肝炎 df6) ④轴心 时代中 、西医 学的峰 巅之作 。雅斯 贝而斯 曾说: “如果 历史有 一个轴 心,那 么我们 就必须 将这轴 心作为 一系列 对全部 人类都 有意义 的事件 ,…… 发生于 公元前800至200年间 的这种 精神历 程似乎 构成了 这样一 个轴心 。
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) “和而不同”,多元发展。近年来 ,中医 药在防 治非典 、禽流 感和艾 滋病方 面发挥 的独特 作用也 证实了 二者的 有机结 合,具 有肯定 的临床 疗效。 编辑本段东西方医学交融(df高血压958心脏 病983u6糖尿 病87fr)
不管是中医学还是西医学,从二者现有 的思维 方式的 发展趋 势来看 ,均是 走向现 代系统 论思维 ,中医 药学理 论与现 代科学 体系(45传染 病q566丙肝964jo乙肝 28jgsx甲肝gh)之间 具有系 统同型 性,属 于本质 相同而 描述表 达方式 不同的 两种科 学形式 。可望 在现代 系统论 思维上 实现交 融或统 一,成 为中西 医在新 的发展 水平上 实现交 融慢 性 胃 炎 分 类 慢性胃炎的命名很不统一。依据不同的 诊断方 法而有 慢性浅 表性胃 炎、慢 性糜烂 性胃炎 、慢性 萎缩性 胃炎、 慢性胆 汁返流 性胃炎 、慢性 疣性胃 炎、药 物性胃 炎、乙 醇性胃 炎等等 。 .
慢性胃炎大体可分为三种类型:慢性肥 厚性胃 炎、慢 性浅表 性胃炎 以及慢 性萎缩 性胃炎 。慢性 肥厚性 胃炎在 临床上 较为少 见,一 般也不 会发生 癌变。 慢性浅 表性胃 炎主要 是指胃 粘膜的 浅表性 炎症, 这类炎 症主要 表现为 胃粘膜 的固有 膜宽度 增大并 伴有水 肿,被 炎症细 胞浸润 ,但胃 腺体多 属正常 .这类 胃炎在 临床上 较多见 ,一般 也不会 发生癌 变。只 要经过 恰当治 疗之后 ,炎症 可消退 ,但如 治疗不 当,往 往可发 展成萎 缩性慢 性胃炎 .慢性 萎缩性 胃炎是 指胃粘 膜除有 浅表性 胃炎病 变外, 胃腺体 明显减 少,脉 管间隙 扩大, 胃粘膜 层有全 层性细 胞浸润 ,常伴 有肠上 皮化生 ,即胃 型上皮 变为肠 型上皮 .这种 性质的 慢性胃 炎与胃 癌的关 系密切 ,特别 是有肠 上皮化 生者更 是如此 .或统 一的支 撑点, 希冀籍 此能给 (df高 血压958心脏病 983u6糖尿病87fr)中 医学以 至生命 科学带 来良好 的发展 机遇, 进而对 医学理 论带来 新的革 命。 在胃镜问世以前,胃炎的主要诊断依据 是依靠 临床症 状和上 消化道 钡餐检 查。随 着纤维 胃镜的 临床应 用,特 别是经 胃镜对 胃粘膜 的活组 织检查 ,对越 来越多 的胃炎 有了较 明确的 认识。1982年 ,国内 胃炎会 议上根 据国内 外经验 ,将慢 性胃炎 分为浅 表性和 萎缩性 两大类 。而在 浅表性 胃炎的 命名上 ,又常 常使用 病理、 部位、 形态等 含义的 词,如 “慢性 疣状胃 炎”、 “慢性 出血性 胃炎” 、“慢 性糜烂 性胃炎 ”、 “慢性胆汁反流性胃炎”等等。1990年8月, 在澳大 利亚悉 尼召开 的第九 届世界 胃肠病 学大会 上,又 提出了 新的胃 炎分类 法,它 由组织 学和内 镜两部 分组成 ,组织 学以病 变部位 为核心 ,确定 3种基 本诊断 :①急 性胃炎 ;②慢 性胃炎 ;③特 殊类型 胃炎。 加上前 缀病因 学诊断 和后缀 形态学 描述, 并对炎 症、活 动度、 萎缩、 肠化、 幽门螺 杆菌感 染分别 给予程 度分级 。内镜 部分以 肉眼所 见描述 为主, 分别区 分病变 程度。 1. 慢 性 糜 烂性 胃炎 内镜下常表现为多发性点状或阿弗他溃 疡。慢 性非糜 烂性胃 炎可为 特发性 ,也可 由药物( 特别是 阿司匹 林和非 甾体类 消炎药 ,参见 消化性 溃疡的 治疗部 分), 克罗恩 病或病 毒感染 所引起 。幽门 螺杆菌 可能在 此不发 挥重要 作用。 症状多为非特异性的,可包括恶心,呕 吐和上 腹部不 适。内 镜下显 示在增 厚的皱 襞隆起 边缘有 点状糜 烂,中 央有白 斑或凹 陷。组 织学变 化多样 。尚无 某种方 法具有 广泛疗 效或可 治愈。