2015延边大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练
考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWe have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “ beyond dispute”. We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm. Sex roles were determined according to the “place” appropriate to each. Women’s place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each is special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved. “ To do this, she had no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.1．It is only in recent years that we have recognized that______.A．there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexesB．the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuousC．the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of cultureD．the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes正确答案：D解析：细节题。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷24(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷24(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionRoger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored. Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason other than the racial identity of the author? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eight years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it. Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open, Rosenblatt s thematic analyses permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the late against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression? In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and is forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism. (444 words)1．The author of the passage objects to the Black fiction made by Addison Gayle because itA．emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fictionB．misinterprets the ideological content of such fictionC．overlooks the notions of Black identity contained in such fictionD．substitutes sociopolitical criteria for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction正确答案：D解析：文章第一段已清楚地表明，Addison Gayle最近出的书用的是社会政治标准来评价黑人小说，是不对的。
考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷80.doc
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00）(1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00）A.the development of IQB.the secret of longevityC.the brain food in a glassD.the amount of healthy drinking(2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00）A.female teetotalers than in male onesB.female drinkers than in male onesC.moderate drinkersD.teetotalers(3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00）A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and educationB.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigationC.there are some other contributing factorsD.the results were just misleading(4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00）A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheeseB.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wineC.they are not as effective as sake and wineD.sake or wine is not alone(5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00）A.intelligence improves with ageB.IQ can be enhanced in one way or anotherC.polyphenols in alcohol may boost the brainD.Alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligentThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol(赞扬)the virtues of a broad education. For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own. Some of us have made interdisciplinary study in our occupation, which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines. Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields. Experiencing this breadth of knowledge is stimulating, but so is delving deeply into a subject. Both are wonderful experiences that are complementary practical and aesthetic(美学的)ways. They are like viewing the marvelous sculpture of knowledge in two different ways. Look at the sculpture from one perspective and you see the piece in its entirety, how its components connect to give it form, balance, and symmetry. From another viewpoint you see its detail, depth, and mass. There is no need to choose between these two perspectives in art. To do so would subtract from the totality of the figure. So it is with science. Sometimes we gaze through a subject and are reluctant to stop for too much detail. As chemists, we are fascinated by computer sciences or molecular genetics, but not enough to become an expert. Or we may be interested in an analytical technique but not enough to stay at its cutting edge. At other times, we become immersed in the detail of a subject and see its beauty in an entirely different way than when we browse. It is as if we penetrate the surface of the sculpture and pass through the crystal structure to the molecular level where the code for the entire structure is revealed. Unfortunately, in our zeal for breadth or depth, we often feel that it is necessary to diminish the value of the other. Specialists are sometimes ridiculed with names such as "nerd" or "technocrats" , generalists are often criticized for being too "soft" or knowing too little about any one thing. Both are ludicrous(可笑的)accusations that deny a part of the reality of environmental science. Let us not be divided by our passion for depth or breadth. The beauty that awaits us on either route is too precious to stifle, too wonderful to diminish by bickering(争吵).（分数：10.00）(1).From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see____.（分数：2.00）A.the integration of theory with practiceB.the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledgeC.the rapid division of traditional disciplinesD.the confrontation between specialists and generalists(2).The commentator would say that the totality of the sculpture of knowledge____.（分数：2.00）A.is mainly composed of two elementsB.presents two different points of viewC.cannot be perceived from one perspectiveD.is a whole made up of complementary elements(3).Just because we become engrossed in the detail of a subject, according to the comment, does not mean that we____.（分数：2.00）A.can have an understanding of itB.will develop into an expertC.will perceive its entiretyD.are interested in it(4).It is commentator's contention that neither specialists nor generalists____.（分数：2.00）A.have zeal for the totality of the knowledge sculptureB.represent the depth and breadth of knowledgeC.are necessarily supposed to belittle the otherD.can be qualified as environmental scientists(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the comment?（分数：2.00）A.Interdisciplinary Study as Our Occupation.B.Breath and Depth of Knowledge.C.The Ways of Doing Science.D.The Beauty of Science.An abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks. A $ 700 million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown 22 miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg, housing 2, 000 residents by 2010. The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an "authentic Chinese experience. " "You'll be able to experience China, go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods," says Stefan Kunigam, managing director of Bandenburg-China-Project-Management GmbH. The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China, reports Christoph Lang of Berlin's Trade and Industry promotion Office. "Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here. " He says. " The cultural environment is very important for them. You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown. " Germany is home to about 72,000 Chinese migrants(2002 Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early 1930s in Hamburg, when most of the city's 2,000 Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis. German's more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government, reports Deutsche Welle(DW), Germany's international broadcaster. DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfel's xenophobic(恐外的)comments about "state-subsidized Oriental mega-families" at first went largely uncriticized. "Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments," DW quotes Miriam Gruss, a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian. "Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society. It's not a minor phenomenon. " The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy and Tolerance program in January 2007 as part of its tolerance-building efforts. While it is not clear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown, developers hope the project will increase Germans' understanding for China and Chinese culture.（分数：10.00）(1).If set up, according to the passage, the new German Chinatown will probably be______.（分数：2.00）A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New YorkB.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parksC.located in the north suburbs of BerlinD.the biggest one in Germany(2).When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown, Lang means______.（分数：2.00）A.the real imported goods made in ChinaB.the authoritative permission for the projectC.the importance of the location for a ChinatownD.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture(3).By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany, the author most probably means that______.（分数：2.00）A.it is too late to build a ChinatownB.it is their desire to save a ChinatownC.it is important to create jobs for themD.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there(4).According to the passage, German anti-foreigner extremism______.（分数：2.00）A.can seed the new community with hatredB.could be an obstacle to the projectC.will absolutely kill the planD.is growing for the scheme(5).The message from the plan is clear: ______.（分数：2.00）A.to build a new communityB.to fight against right-wing extremismC.to promote more cultural understandingD.to increase Chinese's understanding of GermanyWhatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13, 500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development(OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying "Newspapers like ... their own doom"(Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper______.（分数：2.00）A.neglected the sign of crisisB.failed to get state subsidiesC.were not charitable corporationsD.were in a desperate situation(2).Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because______.（分数：2.00）A.readers threatened to pay lessB.newspapers wanted to reduce costsC.journalists reported little about these areasD.subscribers complained about slimmer products(3).Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they______.（分数：2.00）A.have more sources of revenueB.have more balanced newsroomsC.are less dependent on advertisingD.Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews(4).What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?（分数：2.00）A.Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.pleteness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.C.Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.D.Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.(5).The most appropriate title for this text would be______.（分数：2.00）A.American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB.American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC.American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD.American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionWould you like to know if your body is older or younger than it should be? Dr David Wikenheiser has been studying ageing in Vancouver, Canada, for the past 10 years and has found the average person is 15 or more years older biologically than chronologically. He says: “We all know people who are 30 but look over 40, and others who are 70 yet look 50. The difference comes down to lifestyle. Some people’s bodies get rusty faster than others, and this makes them age more quickly. “Virtually every ageing process is related to the oxidative compounds or free radicals produced by our body as a reaction to pollution, ultraviolet light, stress, smoking, alcohol and pesticides. But these can be neutralised by antioxidants. After conducting more than 3 000 tests, Dr. Wikenheiser believes that, on average, you can lower your biological age by 10 years in three months with the right lifestyle changes. “You can’t alter your genetics but you can make other changes, such as eating the right food, drinking enough water to flush out toxins, exercising and managing stress,”he says. But exercising too much is just as bad as not doing enough. Walking out for more than two hours at a time every day puts too great a strain on your heart. “Multivitamin and antioxidant supplements are important even if you’re eating the right amount of fruit and vegetables. Today’s soil tends to lack essential minerals so these are no longer found in the food we eat, in large enough quantities. We should also swap (交换)bleached white table salt for natural sea salt which is much better for us. “It’s also important to eat three meals a day. Missed meals put a strain on your brain as your blood sugar level drops. Many of us are also eating the wrong fats or avoiding fat altogether, so we miss out on important nutritional oils. “You should also ask your dentist what kind of fillings you have. Amalgam fillings in your teeth are not stable and will contribute to toxic metal levels in your body.” says Dr. Wikenheiser. (351 words)1．From the first paragraph, we can see______.A．Wikenheiser is an American scientistB．Wikenheiser is a doctorC．a lot of us look older than our actual ageD．we don’t know we are 15 years older than others正确答案：C解析：第一段里有…has found the average person is 15 or more years older biologically than chronologically。
延边大学考博英语真题常考疑难句及解析
延边大学考博英语真题常考疑难句及解析1.But those of who hoped,with Kolb,that Kolb’s newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for1909would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.(4)但是我们当中的那些希望(也算上K本人)K新出版的P1909年书信的全集能够更加详细的记录下这一过程的人都大失所望。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语解释：本句中从句套从句，致使主语those of us与谓语的距离很远，而且中间的成分又极多，使得句子很难读懂。
修饰主语those of us的定语从句who hoped之中又套了一个宾语从句，宾语从句的主语complete edition又被一前一后的两个定语所修饰，之后才依次是宾语从句的谓语、宾语：主句的系动词、表语。
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意群训练：But those of us who hoped,with Kolb,that Kolb’s newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for1909would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.2.The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels，from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings，made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.(5)各种有意义的联系在所有的层次上，自抽象的理性至深刻的梦幻般的情感，层出不穷并不断重新组合排列;正是这些有意义的联系的丰富性和复杂性，致使普鲁斯特难于将它们错落有致地安排好。
考博英语(阅读理解)-试卷79.doc
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷79(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs. Sucking, which is the infant's means of gaining both food and emotional security, conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation. If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body contact as well as good milk intake, if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires, and if both the child and mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment, the child is more likely to thrive both physically and emotionally. On the other hand, if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him or her off from the milk supply before either the child's hunger or sucking need is satisfied, or handles the child hostilely during the feeding, or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child, the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age. If, in addition, the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance, he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life. Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments. If an individual's family eats large quantities of food, then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts. If an individual's family eats mainly vegetables, then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables. If mealtime is a happy and significant event, then the person will tend to think of eating in those terms. And if a family eats quickly, without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table, then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it. This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake. Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs so that, for example, a Jew, whose religion forbids the eating of pork, might have guilt feelings if he or she ate pork. An older Roman Catholic might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Friday, traditionallya fish day.（分数：10.00）(1).A well-breast-fed child______.（分数：2.00）A.tends to associate foods with emotionsB.is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC.cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD.is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the future(2).While sucking, the baby is actually______.（分数：2.00）A.conscious of the impact of breast-feedingB.interacting with his or her motherC.creating a nursing environmentD.impossible to be abused(3).A bottle-fed child______.（分数：2.00）A.can be healthy physiologically, but not emotionallyB.cannot avoid physiologic abuse throughout lifeC.is deprived of emotional needsD.is rid of physiological needs(4).From the list of eating habits, we learn that______.（分数：2.00）A.everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB.one's eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC.there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD.everybody is born into a conditioned eating environment(5).A Jew or an older Roman Catholic______.（分数：2.00）A.takes a eating habit as a religious beliefB.is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC.cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religious beliefsD.observes a eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environmentThe popular idea that classical music can improve your maths is falling from favor. New experiments have failed to support the widely publicized finding that Mozart's music promotes mathematical thinking. Researchers reported six years ago that listening to Mozart brings about short-term improvements in spatial-temporal reasoning, the type of thinking used in maths. Gordon Shaw of the University of California at Irvine and Frances Rauscher of the University of Wisconsin in Oshkosh had asked students to perform spatial tasks such as imagining how a piece of paper would look if it were folded and cut in a certain pattern. Some of the students then listened to a Mozart sonata and took the test again. The performance of the Mozart group improved. Shaw found. He reasoned that listening to Mozart increases the number of connections between neurons. But Kenneth Steele of Appalachian State University in North Carolina learnt that other studies failed to find this effect. He decided to repeat one of Shaw's experiments to see for himself. Steele divided 125 students into three groups and tested their abilities to work out how paper would look if cut and folded. One group listened to Mozart another listened to a piece by Philip Glass and the third did not listen to anything. Then the students took the test again. No group showed any statistically significant improvement in their abilities. Steele concludes that the Mozart effect doesn't exist. "It's about as unproven and as unsupported as you can get," he says. Shaw however defends his study. One reason he gives is that people who perform poorly in the initial test get the greatest boost from Mozart but Steele didn't separate his students into groups based on ability. "We're still at the stage where it needs to be examined," Shaw says. "I suspect that the more we understand the neurobiology, the more we'll be able to design tests that give a robust effect. "（分数：10.00）(1).It has been recently found out that______.（分数：2.00）A.Mozart had an aptitude of music because of his mathematical thinkingB.classical music cannot be expected to improve one's mathC.the effects of music on health are widely recognizedD.music favors one's mathematical thinking(2).Which of the following pairs, according to the widely publicized finding, is connected?（分数：2.00）A.Paper cutting and spatial thinking.B.The nature of a task and the type of thinking.C.Classical music and mathematical performance.D.Mathematical thinking and spatial-temporal reasoning.(3).In Shaw's test, the students would most probably______.（分数：2.00）A.draw the image of the cut paperB.improve their mathematical thinkingC.have the idea about classical music confirmedD.increase the number of neurons in their brains(4).From Steele's experiment we can say that______.（分数：2.00）A.his hypothesis did not get proven and supportedB.it was much more complicated than Shaw'sC.the results were statistically significantD.Shaw's results were not repeatable(5).Shaw is critical of______.（分数：2.00）A.Steele's results presented at a wrong stageB.Steele's wrong selection of the testeesC.Steele's ignorance of neurobiologyD.Steel's test designFourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Sean would die. Sean's case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just aren't enough human organs to go around. Now scientists say they can alter the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008. That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition among animal right activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal is cruel and unjust. Some scientists also fear such transplants may transmit unknown diseases to humans. Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that had lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial organs. Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the problem the passage begins with?（分数：2.00）A.A high mortality rate of immune rejection.B.A malpractice in heart transplantation.C.An unusual case of organ transplant.D.A shortage of human organs.(2).Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according to the passage, but also it______.（分数：2.00）A.introduces an issue of inhumanityB.raises the issue of justice in medicineC.presents a significant threat to the human natureD.pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits(3).Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists______.（分数：2.00）A.are to narrow the scope of organ transplantsB.switch to the development of artificial organse up with alternatives to the current problemD.set out to purchase better ways of treating heart disease(4).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB.the present supply of human organs still has potential to be exploredC.people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposesD.the gene-altering technique leaves much to be desired(5).The information the passage carries is______.（分数：2.00）A.enlighteningB.unbelievableC.imaginativeD.factualHere is a great irony of 21st century global health: while many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcingall but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental cause. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironically improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They turn people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, television sets, and computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight is good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries especially the rich ones, have far more than they need —another irony. In the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults — of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories — are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many adults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed towards children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people eat less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet, or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more, and all employ armies of lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating.（分数：10.00）(1).The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous consumption of foodC.the scarce natural resource and the negligence of food security.D.the consumption of food and the increased risk of diet-related diseases(2).To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is______.（分数：2.00）A.to improve political and economic managementB.to cope with the energy imbalance issueC.to combat diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health(3).As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.affluence and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperityD.diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity(4).As a result of the third irony, people______.（分数：2.00）A.consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basisplain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards weight gain(5).Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The economic dimension.B.The political dimension.C.The humane dimension.D.The dietary dimension.。
2015年全国医学统考考博博士英语真题与答案
2015年全国医学统考考博博士英语真题与答案目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题答案 (17)2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (19)医学考博英语历年真题2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:I n this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.How to deal with his sleeping problem. B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time. B.T o discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work. B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.4. A.Fullness in the stomach. B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.5. A.extremely severe. B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.6. A.He has lost some weight. B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.7. A.She is giving the man an injection. B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A.In the gym. B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.9. A.Diarrhea. B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.10. A.She has developed allergies. B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.11. A.Listen to music. B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.12. A.She isn't feeling well. B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weatherD.She is feeling relieved.13. A.Michael's wife was ill B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded. B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.15. A.Ten years ago. B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages'after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A.A blood test. B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight. B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller,lighter meals.18. A.Potato chips. B.Chicken. C.Cereal. D.fish.19. A.Ulcer B.Cancer C.Depression. D.Hernia.20. A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type1and Type2diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above40degrees Fahrenheit.23. A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream。
考博英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionFor 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar constant energy that reaches the Earth. Yet, even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground. With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the Sun’s output without being impeded by the Earth’s atmosphere. Solar Max, a satellite from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), has been measuring the Sun’s output since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellite’s control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space-shuttle in 1984. Max’s observations indicate that the solar constant is not really constant after all. The satellite’s instruments have detected frequent, small variations in the Sun’s energy output, generally amounting to no more than 0. 05 percent of the Sun’s mean energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the Sun’s disk. Sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Sun’s surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2, 000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Sun’s surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of large sunspot groups. In 1980, for example, Solar Max’s instruments registered 0. 3 percent drop in the solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0. 6 percent of the solar disk, an area 20 times larger than the Earth’s surface. Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although Solar Max’s data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Sun’s output, some scientists have thought that the satellite’s aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed, however, by comparing Solar Max’s observations with data from a similar instrument operating on NASA’s Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.1．Why is it not possible to measure the solar constant accurately without a satellite?A．the Earth is too far from the Sun.B．Some areas on Earth receive more solar energy than others.C．There is not enough sunlight during the day.D．the Earth’s atmosphere interferes with the sunlight.正确答案：D解析：细节题。
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2015延边大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems.First,it is the poorest of the poor.Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated.Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day.Second,there is the problem of illegal excavation,resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging.I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market.Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results.At the same time,they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market,thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money.Moreover,ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage,which should be available for all to appreciate,not sold to the highest bidder.I agree.Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value.But,you might reply,everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value.Here we part company. Theoretically,you may be correct in claiming that every artifact haspotential scientific value.Practically,you are wrong.I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another.In one small excavation in Cyprus,archaeologists recently uncovered2,000virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard.Even precious royal seal impressions known as melekh handles have been found in abundance—more than4,000examples so far.The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future.There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds;as a result,they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered.Indeed,with the help of a computer,sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements.Prior to sale,each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer.A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market.But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced.Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu）1.The primary purpose of the text is to propose[A]an alternative to museum display of artifacts.[B]a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession.[C]a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value.[D]the governmental regulation of archaeological sites.2.Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?[A]Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.[B]Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.[C]Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.[D]Such artifacts’often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.3.The author mentions the excavation in Cyprus(line2,paragraph4)to emphasize which of the following points?[A]Ancient lamps and pottery vessels are less valuable,although more rare,than royal seal impressions.[B]Artifacts that are very similar to each other present cataloguing difficulties to archaeologists.[C]Artifacts that are not uniquely valuable,and therefore could be sold,are available in large quantities.[D]Cyprus is the most important location for unearthing large quantities of salable artifacts.4.The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?[A]Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.[B]The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.[C]Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.[D]Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.5.The author anticipates which of the following initial denials of his proposal?[A]Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.[B]An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.[C]Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.[D]Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.[答案与考点解析]BDCAC本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。