最新高考英语概要写作之说明文
高中英语：概要写作--说明文型概要写作
说明文型概要写作写作技巧点拨(一)说明文型概要写作技巧：1.判定结构：判定说明文框架结构；2.浓缩文章：根据结构抓关键词，替换提炼关键词；3.客观表达：概要写作只能写原文作者的观点；4.高级表达：语言表达要多用高级句式。
(二)说明文的概要写作一般有三种参考模板：1.描写某事物的性质功能。
即“对象＋性质功能＋利弊”：In the passage the writer introduces...to us，especially its...(性质或功能)，from which we know...(对象带来的利弊)。
2.针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。
即“问题＋解决方法”：The passage lists/indicates...(问题) and brings forth several measures/solutions to solve the problem，which includes...(方法1)，...(方法2) and...(方法3)。
3.介绍某现象及其原因、结果。
即“现象＋原因＋结果”：The author talks about...It is caused by...As a result/Consequently，...或：The author/writer states/presents(陈述/呈现) the phenomenon of...，because/but...(原因1/本质1)，and...(原因2/本质2)。
典例剖析阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Over the past few years，there has been a big increase in the number of people sharing information online.In this article，we will learn about some positive reasons for people to share information online.We often share information with our friends in the office or at home to educate，entertain，or pleasantly surprise them.In this way，we can connect with others.This is also true while sharing information online.If you look at the Facebook of your friends，you will realize that most of their updates are usually famous quotes，entertaining videos，inspirational images，funny jokes，etc.94% of those surveyed by The Ne w York Times said they put a lot of thoughts into how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.A lot of people share information online to picture their true self to the outside world.Some people，especially those who are shy and not comfortably talking about their areas of interest in the presence of others，find it extremely convenient to share that information online with others.According to the study,78% of the people said they shared information online because it helpsthem develop better relationships.Today，people are so busy that they do not have the time to meet each other personally.A lot of people now “meet” each other online，rather than in places like restaurants and pubs.Lastly，when we share our thoughts online，we are actively communicating with a large number of people who are a part of the World Wide Web.Sharing information will affect the viewpoints of others，or add to their understanding about the world.思路点拨通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文。
高中英语2024届高考说明文写作指导
高考英语说明文写作指导说明文在高考英语作文中是一种常见形式，通常要求考生解释某个概念、事物或过程，并进行详细描述。
一、常用句型【开头部分】1.The purpose of this [essay/report/article] is to...- Example: The purpose of this essay is to explain the benefits of regular exercise.- 翻译：这篇文章的目的是解释定期锻炼的好处。
2.This [essay/report/article] aims to...- Example: This essay aims to describe the process of making a traditional Chinese dish.- 翻译：这篇文章旨在描述制作传统中国菜的过程。
3.In this [essay/report/article], I will...- Example: In this essay, I will discuss the key features of electric cars.- 翻译：在这篇文章中，我将讨论电动汽车的关键特征。
4.To understand [topic], we need to consider...- Example: To understand the impact of social media, we need to consider its influence on communication.- 翻译：为了理解社交媒体的影响，我们需要考虑它对交流的影响。
5.This [essay/report/article] will focus on...- Example: This report will focus on the environmental benefits of renewable energy sources.- 翻译：这篇报告将侧重于可再生能源的环境益处。
2023年上海市英语高考一轮复习精讲精练专题19：概要写作之说明文带讲解
Step 1：细读全文，明确主题。
本文主要是描述教师是英国最不受欢迎的工作。
Step 2：划分要点。
本文分5个要点，已在文中标出。提出主题——两点原因——两点建议。②和③要点可以合并。
Step 3：标主题句或关键词。
已在文中用横线标出每段主题句。
Step 4：概括。
As is reported, secondary schools in UK experienced difficulties recruiting young teachers. The reasons are low salary and kid’s bad behaviors. Therefore, poorly behaved students need to obey stricter rules and parents need to discipline them at home. Also, government should increase teachers’ income and promote a teaching campaign to display teaching’s bright side.(55words).
►专题19概要写作之说明文+高考题型组合练
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【考情链接】
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。上海高考概要写作一般以说明文为主、议论文次之，，记叙文少有涉及。近年来实验研究报告类说明文是考查热点。
高中英语说明文范文
高中英语说明文范文以下是作者整理了高中英语说明文内容（共含4篇），希望你喜欢，也可以帮助到您，欢迎分享！篇1：高中英语说明文In everybody’s eyes, I am a good girl, because I make the good marks in the exams and help my parents to do things. Unlike other students, who will go against their parents, I follow my parents’ words. I don’t think that to do something goes against the adults is the wise choice, but I do want to do something new. Recently, I want to cut my hair and make the short style. My mother doesn't agree with me, because she thinks a girl should have the long hair. This time, I insist on my idea. Finally, she supports me. Trying something new makes me feel happy and be myself. The short hair makes me look like a cool boy and I like this style. My friends admire me to have the courage to change my image.在大家眼中，我就是一个好女孩，因为我考试成绩好，还帮助父母做事。
不像其他学生，会和父母作对，我很听父母的话。
高考概要写作
Writing 1阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要;Yesterday Matt was picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the placing my items,I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee with this watched him help her count her change,ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag,he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her once was this employee was nothing but patient and kind.As I was watching him,I saw that Eloise was was standing next to the woman,watching the employee count the reali zed I hadn’t been inconvenienced at my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.When the woman was finished,the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience and how much it meant to tracking her down and sharing the story with her,we left Target with a cart full of consumable items,but what is more,a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target,give Ishmael a smile and a world could use more people like him.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写作指导要写好记叙文的概要,先要找到以下两个问题的答案：1谁做了什么2结果如何如果是夹叙夹议文,还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义;就该题而言,本文的概要应该包含：作者购物的时间、地点、结果以及从本次购物中得到的启示,最后用自己的语言串联起来;参考范文The passage tells us an experience of shopping.要点1One day,the author with two children went to Target for shopping.要点2While waiting in line,she found an old lady was troublesome,but the young employee treated her patiently.要点3Seeing that,the author was touched by his kindness and patience and she thought her children would learn a lot from this experience.要点4Writing 2阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要;Sugars are popular in the processed food industry because they add taste,colour and thickness to food products. The studies have shown that sugarscan provide a source of body breaks down the sugar into simple forms that can be readily used in the too much sugar can contribute to health problems like obesity and tooth disease.Having too much sugar is not the only reason for obesity or being overweight,but it does add to the amount of kilojoules in too much of any food,without doing enough exercise,will cause you to become overweight.Governments in the United States and United Kingdom are waging a war on sugar in the interests of public countries claim that the overconsumption of sugar by much of the population is harmful to people’s Thursday,the U． issued new dietary guidelines that strongly recommend people receive less than 10 per cent of their daily calorie intake from added the same day,British Prime Minister David Cameron said he has not ruled out the idea of a tax on sugar to encourage consumers to buy food with reduced levels of the in the U． debating how a reduction in the intake of sugar could help reduce Britain’s rising rates of obesity.The American and British governments both refer to a study conducted in Mexico that showed a tax on sugary,carbonated drinks led to a reduction in tax was carried out on January 1,2014 and purchases of the taxed drinks went down by 12 per cent by December of that of mineral water increased by 4 per cent over the same alternative to taxing sugared drinks is to reduce the level of sugar in at Queen Mary University in London say that reducing the sugar content in sugar －sweetened drinks by 40 percent over five years could prevent one million cases of obesity in the U． say people might not even notice the changes.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写作指导本文是一篇说明文,讲述了人体摄入过多糖分会影响健康;英国和美国政府都号召人们不要摄入过多糖分,甚至考虑通过增收糖税来减少糖的食用;读懂原材料是写好概要的关键,在理解原文的基础上,用尽可能简洁的语言集中概括原文的主要观点及思想,但不能简单重复原文,同时,对各要点的概括要详略得当,结构严谨,表达明确,语义准确简练,避免空泛、含混之词;参考范文Sugar is useful for our body,but too much sugar does harm to our health,which probably leads to health problems.要点1As for this,governments in the United States and United Kingdom call on people not to take in too much sugar.要点2British Prime Minister even planned to put a tax on sugar.要点3A study showed that the tax on sugar helped reduce the consumption of sugar.要点4Researchers also think reducing the sugar content slightly would not be noticed.要点5Writing 3阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要;Dieters have long sworn that grapefruit helps them lose Grapefruit Diet,also called the Hollywood Diet,dates back to the 1930s and has a host of celebrity fans including singer Kylie involves having grapefruit or grapefruit juice with every meal while cutting back on calories.Now,scientists are beginning to believe them.A study has found that drinking grapefruit juice when eating fatty food lowers the amount of weight put on by up to a fifth.The research also suggested that grapefruit could be as good as prescription drugs at keeping blood sugar levels under control—a key part of managing diabetes.The experiments were conducted on mice—but researchers say the results justify studies on Joseph Napoli,of the University of California,Berkeley,said,“We see all sorts of scams about nutrition. But these results,based on controlled experiments,warrant further study of the potential health－promoting properties of grapefruit juice.”The researchers found that when the mice were fed fatty food for three months,those given grapefruit juice to drink gained up to 18 percent less weight than those given water.They also had lower blood sugar and insulin levels—despite eating the same number of calories and doing the same amount of exercise as the mice who drank water. In fact,grapefruit juice was as good at controlling insulin as the widely used diabetes drug metformin,the journal PLOS ONE reports.However,the fruit juice only had an effect on weight when the animals ate fatty researchers said they did not know how grapefruit stops the pounds from piling on.Spokesman Mariette Abrahams,a dietician,said until then it is too early for people to try grapefruit diets.“Grapefruit should be part of a healthy balanced diet,but it shouldn’t be the focus of the diet,” she said.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写作指导本文是一篇科普类说明文,主要介绍了葡萄柚的减肥功效;第一段介绍了葡萄柚用于减肥的历史背景；第二至七段的内容是：研究表明,葡萄柚对人的身体健康有很多好处；第八段介绍了葡萄柚汁减肥的局限性；最后一段对葡萄柚饮食提出了不同的意见;考生在作答时,应注意条理清晰,避免混乱性语句；语言简洁,要点全面,可将原文中涉及的人名、地名等非重要信息忽略,以节约词数;另外,考生在作答时应注意语言的准确性和语句间的衔接性;参考范文Dieters think grapefruit juice helps lose weight and the Grapefruit Diet or the Hollywood Diet was a popular way of losing weight in the 1930s.要点1The experiments conducted on mice,which can also apply to humans,shows that grapefruit juice benefits the loss of weight and the control of blood sugar and insulin levels.要点2However,the fruit only takes effect when the animals eat fatty food.要点3The opposite view doesn’t think eating grapefruit can be the focus of the diet.要点4Writing 4阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要;In fact,great white sharks are not white. The name is thought to have comeabout because these sharks are white in one circumstance when they are lying dead on the deck of a boat.It would be more proper to call this species the “black shark”．They have a dark upper surface,which means their prey猎物 are difficult to spot them approaching from the dark depths.Speaking of prey,they have been recorded dining out on a wide range of species,including whales,squid鱿鱼,turtles and occasionally penguins.“If you make a list of everything that’s been found in a white shark’s stomach,you’d get a variety of things,” says marine biologist George Burgess of the University of Florida in what’s clear is that their tastes change as they age.“They are almos t just fish－eaters until they are 7,8,9 feet long,” says Burgess.“As they get bigger,they will begin to start eating mammal prey if they get the opportunity.”These older sharks prefer seals,sea lions and they strike from below,at speed,white sharks can clear the surface by as much as 3 m.To locate their prey,white sharks use almost every trick in the book.“They have a series of senses,” says Burgess.In a 1963 study,researchers hung a speaker over the edge of their boat off Miami to see if they could attract sharks with sound.No great white sharks were spotted in this study,but it’s reasonable to assume they have good hearing too.As a great white shark gets closer to its prey,its sense of smell begins to kick study of the brains of different species of sharks shows that the great white’s olfactory bulb 嗅球 is especially large.Their vision is not bad,either.“They see particularly well,” says Burgess.They also have two less familiar lateral lines,which run along their sides,can detect changes in water p ressure that reveal their prey’s movements. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写作指导本文是一篇说明文;说明文的概要写作一般有三种参考模板：1描写某事物的性质功用;即“对象＋性质功用＋利好”：In the passage the writer introduces...to us,especially its...,from which we know...2针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施;即“问题＋解决方法”：The passage tells us...,including...3介绍某现象及其原因和结果;即“现象＋原因＋结果”：The author/writer said/talks about．..of...,because/but...;本文可以采用第一种模板;参考范文The passage introduces something about white sharks,such as the origin of the name and how they get their prey.要点1When they are lying dead on the deck of a boat,they are white,but they have a dark upper surface.要点2What they eat are various,including a wide range of they are small they eat they become bigger,they eat mammal prey.要点3Their senses such as hearing,smell and vision are good.要点4。
高考英语概要写作范文怎么写
高考英语概要写作范文怎么写高考时期，遇到概要的英语写作，我们有什么技巧可以解决?下面是店铺给大家整理了高考英语概要写作范文，供大家参阅!高考英语概要写作范文Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirtto build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.高考英语概要写作方法Part I. 什么是摘要?A summary is a short account giving the main points of something longer or detailed.概括部分包含几种能力。
高考英语作文说明文范文
高考英语作文说明文范文深度解析与高质量仿写**英文内容：**Title: The Evolution of the Mobile Phone: A Technological RevolutionIn the twenty-first century, the mobile phone has become a ubiquitous presence in our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, access information, and entertainment. This essay aims to explore theremarkable transformation of the mobile phone from a mere communication device to a multifaceted technological marvel. Early mobile phones, known as analog phones, were bulky and had limited functionality. They primarily served the purpose of voice communication, with basic features such as call forwarding and conference calling. These phones operated on analog signals, which were prone tointerference and had limited coverage.With the advent of digital technology, mobile phones entered a new era of innovation. Digital phones offered improved sound quality, reduced interference, and expandedcoverage. The introduction of the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) standard in the 1990s marked a significant milestone, as it allowed for seamless roaming between different networks and countries.The turn of the century marked a pivotal moment in mobile phone history. The launch of the first smartphone, the Apple iPhone in 2007, revolutionized the mobile phone industry. Smartphones integrated advanced features such as touchscreens, high-resolution cameras, and access to the internet,transforming them into all-in-one devices that catered to a wide range of needs.The subsequent years saw a rapid proliferation of smartphones, with various manufacturers introducing their own models. This competition spurred innovation and led to further advancements in technology. Features such as improved cameras, faster processors, and larger screens became standard, providing users with an enhanced experience.Moreover, the mobile phone has become a powerful tool for accessing information and entertainment. With the widespread availability of smartphones, people can easilybrowse the internet, stream music and videos, and play games on the go. Mobile applications have further expanded the functionality of mobile phones, allowing users to perform tasks such as banking, shopping, and booking tickets seamlessly.In conclusion, the mobile phone has undergone remarkable transformations over the years, evolving from a basic communication device to a multifaceted technological marvel. This evolution has been driven by technological advancements, competition between manufacturers, and changing consumer needs. As we look forward to the future, it is exciting to imagine the further possibilities that the mobile phone will bring to our lives.**中文内容：****手机演变：一场科技革命**在21世纪，手机已成为我们日常生活中无处不在的存在，它改变了我们的沟通方式、信息获取和娱乐形式。
概要写作记叙文说明文范文和练习
概要写作记叙文、说明文范文及练习例（一）Mike is not a traditional explorer(探险者).Yet his job can体裁：记叙文sometimes be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer.Mike works for MSF,an organization also known as Doctors Without Borders(无国界医生).MSF sends trained doctors all over the Who,What–his jobworld to help people after a war or a disaster.Mike is a doctor fromFrance who has travelled to many plates to organize programs that help The review(评people.At the moment,there are27,000trained medical staff taking part in MSF tasks.The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize.All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF.They need to be prepared to go almost anywhere in the world and of course doctors with experience in tropical (热带)diseases are especially useful because most of MSF’s work is in Africa.When doctors completed a few tasks,they might be sent on an emergency task following a disaster such as an earthquake.But why would a doctor leave a comfortable life and a good salary to join MSF?According to Mike,the experience you gain is a great help in your career.Besides,just like the explorers of the past,you need to keep an open mind and learn to mix well with the people you meet.Most importantly,at the end of each task,you have made a real difference to people’s lives.价）of his jobWhat①What②What③whereWhy:记叙文注意抓住时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因及结果(why)，尤其是发生的事件。
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高考英语概要写作之说明文一、写作指导说明文的概要写作一般有三种参考模板：（1）描写某事物的性质功能。
即“对象+性质功能+利弊”：（in the passage ）the writer introduces…to us,especially its….,from which we know…（2）针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。
即“问题+解决方法”：The passage tells us…..So the author tells us how to ..,including……(3) 介绍某现象及其原因、结果。
即“现象+原因+结果”：The author talks about…..It is caused by….As aresult(consequently),….在概要写作前，我们要通读短文，确定其内容是属于那种类型，然后选择确当的模板。
注意：不要关注一些次要的细节却遗漏重要的要点，尽量少使用原文语句，多用自己的概括性的语言；3到5个句子即可。
二、写作训练1. In schools and at home,most of US have been scolded(责备) or even got punished for daydreaming. Themajority of people say that by daydreaming we waste our time and energy on something unproductive. But many medical studies have shown something different. Th ey’ve stressed the fact that daydreaming works wonders on our imagination,creativity and situation-handling techniques. In fact,many problems can be easily solved if we daydream.The topmost benefit of daydreaming is that your mood gets the right improvement. By separating yourself from the world around you,you tend to enjoy the loneliness in your mind and get peace from daydreaming as you think about something that calms your senses. When you start imagining things,you will forget all the stress and tension(紧张) .Instead,you will get happiness from it and this happiness will turn into a source of energy that helps you work in a good mood.Many psycologists have said that people who daydream tend to have a sharper memory. It’s true. When you’re daydreaming,you’ll tend to get carried away to imagine various situations,either real or unreal. You tend to act differently in different situations,trying to satisfy your mind by doing what you want in your dreams.When your mind gets satisfied,you’re in a better position to concentrate more on your work. Since daydreaming activates (激活）the nerves of your brain,you tend to have higher attentiveness and your ability to remember things will develop.When you daydream,you automatically imagine yourself as your heart says and therefore,you get to know yourself better. You also s tart realizing the mistakes you’ve made in life an d trying your best to avoid repeating them. Such imagination techniques help you to connect yourself with your soul.___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________2. The poaching，or illegal(非法) killing，of rhinos(犀牛) in South Africa is growing worse each year．Thegovernment recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014，a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before．The World Wildlife Fund，or WWF，says about 20，000 rhinos live in South Africa．That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world．Edna Molewa，South Africa’s environmental issues minister，says，“During 2014，we are sad to say this：1，215 rhinos were killed．This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1004 in 2013 and indeed very worrying．”The animals are hunted for their horns(犀牛角)．Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power，which drives poachers，at all costs，mad for more horns．But there is no scientific evidence for this belief．The horn is made of keratin．That is the same thing as human hair，fingernails and toenails．Ms．Mo1ewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year，an increase from the year before．But rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest．South Africa’s legal system is ineffective．Ms．Molewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos．The efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries．“Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during 2014 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year”Molewa said．Jo Shaw，the rhino program manager at the WWF，said，“we’re talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month．Or more than three a day．We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally．”She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them．___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________3.Parents should think twice before rewarding their children's good behaviour with sweets, according to a leading nutritionist.Professor Susan Jebb, of Oxford University, says family attitudes should change as part of a wider strategy on tackling obesity（肥胖）- and there should be an alternative to the 'easy option' of handing out sweets to youngsters.Speaking to the Sunday Express, Prof Jebb said: 'Unless you instill(灌输) good eating habits from a young age, it is likely children will grow up to become overweight adults.But it is very difficult to persuade parents who see their children, who are a healthy weight, of the risks ahead.'Unlike with smoking, where the benefits of giving up are obvious with evidence showing that every single cigarette shortens your life, the same cannot be said for every single biscuit you eat.'She also welcomed last week's comments by David Cameron that Britain's obesity 'crisis' should be treated as seriously as smoking and that a tax on sugary drinks could be back on the agenda（议程）. The Prime Minister hinted at an extraordinary U-turn amid growing public support for a 20 per cent levy.He said: 'I don't really want to put new taxes on anything but we do have to recognise that we face something of an obesity crisis'.Mr Cameron said the costs of diabetes, heart disease and cancer treatment for the overweight costs the NHS huge sums.He added: 'We do need to have a fully-worked-up programme to deal with this problem and address these issues in Britain and we will be making announcements later in the year'.Experts have also warned that obesity - fuelled by large amounts of sugar - is escalating at such a rate that it will cause almost 700,000 additional cases of cancer within the next 20 years, experts have warned.They say that being overweight is already 'the new norm' and predict that four in ten adults will be obese by 2035.Estimates also show that by this time obesity-related illnesses, including diabetes and heart disease, will cost the NHS more than £7.5 billion a year._________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________4.The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure(同伴压力). It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence canalso get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves. Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.2.Many people regard daydreaming as a waste of time and energy. However,that is not the case.Many medicalStudies have found that daydreaming has a lot of benefits. First of all, daydreaming can improve your mood.What’s more, it helps develop your memory. Last but not least,daydreaming helps you to know yourself better.3.4.The poaching of rhinos is getting worse in South Africa each year, according to the government and WWF.Many rhinos are killed for their horns ehich is believed to have curing power. Althouh more poachers arearrested, they hardly get punished.So the members of WWF are calling on more meassures which should taken by the government and the whole world to protect rhinos.,including effective legal system,rhinos living place and even international cooperation.5.6.Professor Susan Jebb, of Oxford University,urges parents to seek healthier alternative to handing kid’s obesityrather than adopt easy methods. Addtionnally, David Cameron said obesity crisis was as serious as smoking. So families are required to introduce good eating habits to help avoid obesity issues.Add parents are told to stop giving their children sweets as rewards for good behavior in latest bid to tackle Britain obesity crisis.7.Peer pressure refers to strong feeling that you must do things the way other people of your age do. Peopleexpect te approval from others, which helps society function efficiently.Peer pressure has positive influencelike bringing good grades, but it also has negative influence like lack of moral sence. To avoid the influenceof negative peer pressure, kids should be encouraged to be themselves and decline to do wrong thing.。