初二英语-形容词和副词的比较级

形容词和副词的比较级、最高级讲解形容词比较级和最高级的形式一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成构成法原级比较级最高级①一般单音节词末尾加-er 和-est strong stronger strongest②单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r 和-st strange stranger strangest③闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est sadbighotsadderbiggerhottersaddestbiggesthottest④少数以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er和-est(以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母，把y变成i，再加-er和-est，以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st)angryclevernarrownobleangriercleverernarrowernoblerangriestcleverestnarrowestnoblest⑤其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most difficultmoredifficult most difficult二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式原级比较级最高级good / well better bestbad / ill worse worstmany / much more mostlittle few less leastfar farther / further farthest / furthest三、副词比较级和最高级的形式（一）一般副词hard→ ha rder →hardest fast→faster →fastestlate→later →latest early→earlier →earliest（二）特殊副词well →better →best much →more →mostbadly →worse →worst little →less →least（三）开放类副词开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est，而应在副词原形前加more或most。

如：quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly四、形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法（一）比较级1．比较级通常由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…” 构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加……”。

连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。

如：eg: Mary is happier than Jane. （形容词和系词连用）玛丽比珍妮幸福。

eg: He lives more happily than I. （副词修饰行为动词）他过得比我幸福。

2．注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。

如：eg: The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.eg: Sound travels faster through water than through air.3．比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰，表示“……得多”，“甚至……”，“更……”，“……一些”等意思。

如：eg: Japan is a little larger than Germany.日本比德国大一点儿。

用“…times + 形容词的比较级+ than…”句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的词+ 比较级”来表示具体的比较差别。

如：eg: Our room is twice larger than theirs.我们的房间比他们的大两倍。

eg: He is a head taller than I.他比我高一头。

4．隐含比较级1）有时比较级并不一定出现than，这时通过上下文可暗示出。

如：eg: Are you feeling better now?你现在感觉好些了吗？2）有些形容词在表示比较的时候，跟“to”而不用“than”。

如：prior to 较早的，较重要的superior to优越，高于inferior to 下等的，次的senior to 年长的，地位高的junior to年幼的，地位低的，迟的preferable to 更好的eg: The task is prior to all others.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。

eg: In maths he felt superior to John.他觉得自己数学比约翰强。

eg: He is two years senior to me.他比我大两岁。

eg: Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。

（二）最高级1．最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句” (如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。

如：eg: Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known.2．副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。

如：eg: He runs fastest of the three.三个人中他跑得最快。

3．当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围，作介词宾语的名词或代词与句中的主语属同一类人或物，并把主语包括在内时，用介词of；如不属于同一类人或物，而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时，用介词in。

如：eg: He is the tallest of the four boys. ( He 与boy属同类)eg: He is the tallest in our class. ( He与class不属同类)4．可以用原级，比较级，最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。

如：eg: She is the best student in her class.eg: She is better than any other student in her class.eg: No other student in her class is better than she.eg: No other student in her class is as good as she.五、课后练习题（一）用适当形式填空1. Bob is _________ (young) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.2. Ying Tian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yong Xian.3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) thanbefore the holidays,4.Which is _________ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling?-- She' s only 1.40 metres ________ (tall). She is much _______ (short) than Sally.She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the_________ (bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think.9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange is a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little ________ (beautiful) than her sister.13. My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.14.--How difficult is physics?--I' m not sure.-- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths?-- I don’t think so.15. --Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the __________ (well).16. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).18. I think it’s too expensive. I’d like a _____________ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I.20.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.21. Your classroom is __________(wide) and _________(bright) than ours.22. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).24. Nowadays English is _________( important ) than any other subject, 1 think.25. Most of the students think a lion is much ________(dangerous) than a bear and it is the __________ (dangerous) animal in the world.（二）单项选择题1. This box is________ that one.A. heavy thanB. so heavy thanC. heavier asD. as heavy as2. When we speak to people, we should be __________.A. as polite as possibleB. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possibleD. as politely as possibly3. This book is______ that one, but______ than that one.A. as difficult as; expensiveB. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive4. I think the story is not so ______ as that one.A. interestingB. interestedC. more interestingD. most interesting5. His father began to work______ he was seven years old.A. as old asB. as early asC. sinceD. while6. I think science is _______ than Japanese.A. much importantB. importantC. much more importantD. more much important7. This pencil is______ than that one.A. longestB. longC. longerD. as long8. My mother is no _______ young.A. shorterB. longerC. littleD. few9. These children are ________ this year than they were last year.A. more tallB. more tallerC. very tallerD. much taller10. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_______ today.A. even hotterB. more hotterC. much more hotD. much hot11. Mrs. Black has got_______ instead of getting any better.A. more badB. a little worseC. much badlyD. a lot of worse12. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_______ students.A. quite a fewB. only a fewC. fewD. a few quite13. The house is _______ small for a family of six.A. much tooB. too muchC. very muchD. so14. Through the window we can see nothing but _______ buildings.A. tall very manyB. very many tallC. very tall manyD. many very tall15. -What's your brother like?-He is_______.A. a driverB. very tallC. my friendD. at school16. The jacket was so_______ that he decided to buy it.A. muchB. littleC. expensiveD. cheap17. Our classroom is________ larger than theirs.A. moreB. quiteC. veryD. much18. The earth is about________ as the moon.A. as fifty time bigB. fifty times as bigC. as big fifty timesD. fifty as times big19. Your room is ________ mine.A. twice as large thanB. twice the size ofC. bigger twice thanD. as twice large as20. Your room is ________ than mine.A. three time bigB. three times bigC. three times biggerD. bigger three times （三）完成句子1 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。