中考复习:阅读理解

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2023中考语文复习现代文文阅读理解:随处自然

2023中考语文复习现代文文阅读理解:随处自然

随处自然①天色依旧混沌。

茶花树的叶子又被打落了不少,顶着的花苞终究没有开成,几株盆景似乎抬不起头,隔壁出墙来的红杏也收敛了几分,整个院落零乱、凝重。

拾起扫帚,清理一地的红绿黄。

竹枝滑过,瓷砖的苋红顿时鲜亮。

②咦?这一点绿怎么也带不出来。

再用力试两次,仍然纹丝不动。

定睛一看,是两株青翠青翠的、像茶树的毛尖,它们钻瓷砖缝而出;可是,瓷砖高度密合,不见破损,何来如此强劲之力?半年前,工人们热火朝天铺了瓷砖,水泥层垫得厚实。

③扭过头,后面也有隐隐的嫩绿。

左边两步,右边三步,亦然。

这一方狭小的院落,瞬间,嫩绿遍布。

④惊诧之际,扫帚从手中滑落。

日日进出,竟毫无觉察。

不仅是扫帚,一只只鞋底的踩踏,一次次冲地的水流,都没能奈何一二。

更换瓷砖前,它们是否存在?它们的根系,是否已经连通了茶花树们的土壤?瓷砖下面的土壤,应该已经被搅得天翻地覆了吧?思考不出头绪。

但无论如何,整个院落的审美意境,由于这些盎然的生机,悄然完成了升华。

⑤我来回端详四处冒出的嫩绿,放任思绪游走。

我有多久没仔细观察植物了?人们的步履愈发匆忙,谁会停下脚步,安安静静欣赏三五株草呢?路边的野花野草再龇牙咧嘴,也难吸引眼球。

可与此同时,为了消解苦闷,找寻所谓的大美,人们总是千方百计上高山,下深海,入沙漠,穿森林,仿佛离日常生活越远,才越能感悟美的真谛。

但高山深海的美,一定比日常触手可及的美更美好吗?真正的美,必须费尽周折才堪享受?蒋勋说,美是一种生活方式,这种生活方式是否太奢侈了?⑥不知不觉,半个钟头过去了。

院落的美学空气蒸腾弥漫。

我像一个踏破铁鞋无觅处的寻宝者得偿夙愿,欣赏着这一抹抹嫩绿。

它们与苋红色、深青色的两片瓷砖,与发黄的白墙壁,与处于显性地位、营养丰富、丰满婀娜的茶花树、桂花树、桔子树、含笑等,形成意趣横生的美学互动,真正构筑了一个清静自在的美学状态,给我以强烈的美学感受和深刻的美学体验。

大美隐于市,大美就在身边——我有种顿悟的感觉。

⑦我们其实可以不用劳苦经年然后多时谋划再上山下海穿林涉溪方得一奇瑰之美。

中考英语阅读理解复习试题及答案

中考英语阅读理解复习试题及答案

中考英语阅读理解复习试题(一)(2013,天津)My grandfather Jack is 96 years old,and he has had aninteresting life.He has travelled a lot in his life in the Far East.He visited the Taj Mahal in India and the Pyramids in Egypt.He hunted (狩猎) lions in Africa,and rode a camel in the Sahara Desert.He says the most beautiful place he has travelled to is Kathmandu in Nepal.Jack has married twice.His first wife died when she was 32.Hemet his second wife Maria while he was cycling round France.They have been married for 50 years,and they have lived happily in a smallvillage since they got married.Jack says that he has never been ill in his life.The secret of good health,according to my grandfather,is exercise.He goes swimming every morning.He has done this since he was a boy.He also has a glass of wine every night!Perhaps that is his secret!1.What kind of life has Jack lived?A.A short life.B.An interesting life.C.A lonely life.D.A poor life.2.Which of the following does Jack think is the most beautiful place?A.Kathmandu.B.The Pyramids.C.The Sahara Desert.D.Taj Mahal.3.How many times has Jack married?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Three times.D.Four times.4.Where did Jack meet Maria?A.In India.B.In Nepal.C.In France.D.In Egypt.5.What does Jack do every night?A.He has a glass of wine.B.He goes swimming.C.He hunts lions.D.He rides a camel.(二)(2013,聊城)My name is Sam.I joined a club called “passing help”last month.Now let me tell you why I joined it.One evening this May, on my way home my old car broke down(出故障).It was 25 miles from my home.I wanted to get a ride(搭便车), but there was no car. It was also hard to take a taxi. I decided to take a bus home.I went to a bus stop nearby.After a while, a bus came, but it did not go to my town.the bus driver was a young woman.She was kind and she told me which bus I should take.I waited there for about thirty minutes,but no bus came.At last a car came to me and a woman came out of the car .She was just the bus driver.“When I reached t he bus station,I got to know that the bus to your town couldn't come ,so I returned here.I just can't leave youhere ,”she said , “ Get in my car and I will take you back to your home.”“It is a long way.”I said.“Come on,sir, ”she said,“Let's go.”On the way,she told me a story. A few days ago,there wasn't gas(汽油)in her car. An old man drove her up to a gas station and then back to her car.When we got to my home,I wanted to give her some money to thank her,but she didn't accept her.“I only want to help others and do something nice for somebody.Pass it along. ” she said.6.What happened to Sam one evening this May?A.He lost his way.B.His car broke down.C.He was hurt in an accident.D.He couldn't reach the gas station.7.Sam didn't think of going home________that evening.A.by trainB.by busC.by carD.by taxi8.From the passage , we know that the young woman was________.A.a club bossB.a taxi driverC.a bus driverD.a gas station worker9.The young woman wanted Sam to ________.A.give her some moneyB.get on her busC.take her to her houseD.help others just as she did10.The best title (题目)of the passage is ________.A.A kind old manB.Getting a rideC.Passing helpD.A broken car(三)(2013,河北)“Homestay is a form of study abroad program.It allows thevisitor to rent a room from a local (当地的) family to better understand the local lifestyle.It also helps to improve the visitor's language ability,”said a teacher during a school meeting last term.“Students who wish to learn more about foreign cultures or to get foreign experience should join this kind of holiday.I am sure you won't be disappointed (失望的).”After this special meeting,I always thought about this kind of st month,I had a chance at last to go on such a holiday with some of my schoolmates and we went to London,a place where I had wanted to go since years ago.As we were still young,we had a group leader who planned things for us and looked after us.After we got to London,we went to stay with different families.I was lucky that my host family (寄宿家庭) was a white couple who had a daughter about my age.They treated me as a daughter of their family during my stay there.They were interested in me and I learnt a lot of things from them,too.The holiday was filled with activities every day.After breakfast,a local teacher would come to take us in his car.Then we would have classes or go on a sight­seeing trip to different places of interest like the Big Ben,the London Bridge,and the Buckingham Palace.We would go back to our own homes after the activities.The holiday was a valuable experience for me.I enjoyed every minute of it.Yet,time really flew fast.Three weeks later,we had to leave “home” for Hong Kong.11.In the “homestay” program,a visitor can ________.A.learn more about holidaysB.understand his culture betterC.improve the language abilityD.take part in foreign meetings12.The writer had wanted to visit London since ________.st monthB.years agoC.the special meetingD.her stay abroad13.The group leader should ________.A.make plans for the familyB.take care of the studentsC.stay with different familiesD.rent rooms to the students14.The writer's host family ________.A.was very kind to herB.went s ight­seeing with herC.had two white daughtersD.was interested in her activities15.From the passage,we know that the writer ________ in London.A.wished to stay a little longerB.spent three weeks in her homeC.had classes in many interesting placesD.helped the teacher take the students in a car(四)(2013,河南)Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us.Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen.Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect.It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning (推理的) skills.Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.For example,you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket.This is the effect.To look for a cause,think to yourself,“What would make someone put on a heavy jacket?”Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather.Maybe the person works in the penguin pen (企鹅圈养地) at Sea World.Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold.All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.Now,think about a second example.The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher's office.What are the possiblecauses?Maybe he bullied (欺负) another student.Maybe he is just being picked up early.Maybe he is being given a prize!Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect.Cait,13,was trying to fall asleep when her 8­year­old brother,Doug,came into her room.He looked around a bit,but seemed really out of it.Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there lookingstraight up at the hall light for quite a while.Little brothers can be very strange,but this was really much too strange.Cait didn't know what to do.Just then,Cait's father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking.What's the cause and effect,could you tell?16.According to the second paragraph,which of the following is an effect?A.Someone puts on a heavy jacket.B.Someone works in the penguin pen.C.Someone will go outside into cold weather.D.Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink.17.Abi has to go to the head teacher's office.Which of the following isn't the possible cause?A.He bullied another student.B.He is going shopping.C.he is being picked up early.D.He is being given a prize.18.What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?A.He was going outside.B.He was reading a story.C.He was sleepwalking.D.He was looking for his dad.19.Which of the following is cause and effect?A.Tony got up and had a glass of water.B.We came home and found him sleeping.C.The ball was lost and a window was broken.D.Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.20.What is the best title for the text?A.Truth and liesB.Work and sleepC.Cause and effectD.Life and dreams(五)Ask any student which subject he or she hates most.9 out of 10 students will answer “math”.No matter which country you visit,no matter which grade you are in,you may not learn art,geography,chemistry or Chinese,but you always learn math.Why is this so?How come so many students hate math,and yet cannot avoid learning it in school?Jenny Sanders,a high school student in California,asks,“What good do we get from learning math?We can use computers to compute numbers,and we can use computers to store information.I think learning math at school is a waste of time.”However,there is much more to math than just learning to add and subtract(减) numbers.In fact,math is not so much about calculation (计算) as it is about learning to think logically (逻辑地) and solving problems.Of course,Jenny was right that we can use computers to do calculations,but how would we even know how to use the computer if we can't think logically?In short,computers are only tools when solving problems.For example,imagine you are a cook and must serve dinner to 100 guests.How should you divide your resources so that you can get the job done most efficiently (高效地)?In situations like this,the ability to think logically will get you to a reasonable answer and solve your problem.21.According to the passage,which subject do students always learn in different grades at school?A.Chinese.B.Math.C.Geography.22.What does Jenny Sanders think of learning math?A.Interesting.B.Boring.eless.23.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.90% of the students hate learning math.B.Students can learn math well with computers.C.Math can do calculations and store information.24.What does the underlined word “resources” mean in the passage?A.科目B.效率C.资源25.What does the writer want to tell us?A.Math is just learning to add and subtract numbers.B.Math can be good for both our body and our mind.C.Math helps us think logically and solve problems.(六)Fifty­three years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toys.Since then,Barbie doll,as everyone called her,has become the most successful toy doll in history.Her parent,the Mattel Company,said that 90% of all American girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home.However,Barbie is facing some trouble at present.There are many similar dolls on the market in competition with her.Another doll named Bratz,for example,came to life thirteen years ago.She looks more like today's pop stars with heavy makeup(浓妆) and miniskirts.And her company offers more kinds of clothes too.It seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls.“For younger girls,playing with a Barbie is much fun.But when you get older,you want something smarter and more modern,”says Vera Shepherd,a shop assistant in a New York toy store.It is good news that on the international market,Barbie isstill No.1.Although Mattel is selling fewer Barbies in the United States these years,sales in other countries are still going up.In January 2009,Mattel opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai,where girls can shop,eat,drink or even become fashion_designers for their own Barbies.Mattel is planning big celebrations for Barbie's 53rd birthday.Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie.How long will Barbie stay popular in the world of toy dolls?It is hard to say,but 53 is surely not the age to retire(退休).26.Barbie's family name is________.A.RobertslicentC.ShepherdD.Bratz27.Barbie's trouble is that ________.A.it wears heavy makeup and miniskirtsB.other dolls are more popular with little girlsC.other dolls are trying to beat her in the market28.Girls can do the following in the first Barbie Shop in Shanghai except________.A.going shoppingB.taking photosC.drinking juice29.What's the meaning of the underlined words “fashion designers”in the passage?A.珠宝设计师B.发型设计师C.服装设计师30.What is the best title of the passage?A.First Barbie Shop in ShanghaiB.Barbie's Past and PresentC.Barbie's 53rd Birthday Party中考英语阅读理解复习试题答案(一)1~5.DADBC(二)6~10.CBBAC(三)11~15.ACDDC(四)16~20.AADBD(五)21~25.BCACD。

中考语文总复习说明文阅读。课内阅读理解试题

中考语文总复习说明文阅读。课内阅读理解试题

中考语文总复习·说明文阅读·课内阅读理解试题一、苏州园林(一)阅读语段,回答问题。

苏州园林里都有假山和池沼。

假山的堆叠,可以说是一项艺术而不仅是技术。

或者是重峦叠嶂,或者是几座小山配合着竹子花木,全在乎设计者和匠师们生平多阅历,胸中有邱壑,才能使游览者攀登的时候忘却苏州城市,只觉得身在山间。

至于池沼,大多引用活水。

有些园林池沼宽畅,就把池沼作为全园的中心,其他景物配合着布置。

水面假如成河道模样,往往安排桥梁。

假如安排两座以上的桥梁,那就一座一个样,决不雷同。

池沼或河道的边沿很少砌齐整的石岸,总是高低屈曲任其自然。

还在那儿布置几块玲珑的石头,或者种些花草:这也是为了取得从各个角度看都成一幅画的效果。

池沼里养着金鱼或各色鲤鱼,夏秋季节荷花或睡莲开放。

游览者看“鱼戏莲叶间”,又是入画的一景。

1.文中粗体字“雷同”能不能换成“相同”?为什么?2.苏州园林的设计者们讲究假山池沼的配合,这种配合追求的目的是什么?3.为什么苏州园林的河岸总是高低屈曲任其自然?4.这一段文字的结构方法是()A.总—分 B.分—总 C.总—分—总 D.总—分—分5.你认为现代城市中那种整齐划一的建筑布局美吗?和苏州园林所讲究的美有什么不同?评价一下这两种美。

(二)苏州园林里都有假山和池沼。

假山的堆叠,可以说是一项艺术而不仅是技术。

或者是重峦叠嶂,或者是几座小山配合着竹子花木,全在乎设计者和匠师们生平多阅历,胸中有邱壑,才能使游览者攀登的时候忘却苏州城市,只觉得身在山间。

至于池沼,大多引用活水。

有些园林池沼宽畅,就把池沼作为全园的中心,其他景物配合着布置。

水面假如成河道模样,往往安排桥梁。

假如安排两座以上的桥梁,那就一座一个样,决不雷同。

池沼或河道的边沿很少砌齐整的石岸,总是高低屈曲任其自然。

还在那儿布置几块玲珑的石头,或者种些花草:这也是为了取得从各个角度看都成一幅画的效果。

池沼里养着金鱼或各色鲤鱼,夏秋季节荷花或睡莲开放。

2023年中考语文复习议论文阅读理解:劳动教育的作用

2023年中考语文复习议论文阅读理解:劳动教育的作用

劳动教育的作用材料一:儿童在教育过程中的成长,一定意义上就是在重演人类的发展史。

我们的祖先通过劳动实现了人类文明的提升,我们每个人,特别是在儿童阶段的成长,都离不开劳动的淬炼。

《朱子家训》中说:“黎明即起,洒扫庭除,要内外整洁。

”可见,古人讲究从细节培养生活自理的劳动习惯,从而保持身体和精神的基本健康。

现在有的家长却不让孩子做家务或参加其他劳动,习惯大包大揽,目的是让孩子多点时间读书学习。

然而,这却剥夺了孩子一个非常重要的全面“学以成人”的机会。

家长这样的做法,并不一定能帮助孩子提升学业成绩,反而可能会让孩子在人格发展上出现不足,难以形成良好的意志品质和责任意识。

我们必须谨记:尽管人类文明有了长足的发展,但劳动仍然是我们“学以成人”的基础性活动。

现代社会,劳动教育并不只是要锻炼体质,还要让儿童在劳动中学会生存,学会合作,学会创造,提高动手能力。

这对于德育、智育、体育、美育都有重要影响。

比如说,人类往往在劳动中创造美的世界,让儿童学习通过劳动创造美的世界,可以提升儿童的审美情趣。

由于劳动教育关涉诸多方面的教育,因此必须系统、合理地加以推进。

(选自韩震《劳动是学以成人的基础》,《光明日报》2019年1月28日,有删改)材料二:2019年长沙市普通中学教育质量综合评价数据显示:我市普通中学学生普遍具有正确的劳动价值观。

86.79%的初中生和84.14%的高中生能正确认识劳动价值、尊重劳动、崇尚劳动;70.61%的初中生和72.38%的高中生热爱劳动;68.75%的初中生、76.97%的高中生将集中体现吃苦耐劳、敬业奋斗精神的“科学家、教师、医生、工程师、警察、军人”等作为自己未来的理想职业。

调研也发现,我市仍有部分学生劳动习惯有待加强。

1.65%的初中生和1.69%的高中生表示在家中“从不”主动做力所能及的家务,26.66%的初中生和26.9%的高中生表示在家中“偶尔”主动做力所能及的家务。

(摘自《长沙发布“中小学校劳动教育评价指标”》,《长沙晚报》2020年4月16日)材料三:中华民族是一个勤于劳动、善于创造的民族。

阅读理解答题模板+课件 初中语文中考复习

阅读理解答题模板+课件 初中语文中考复习
①结构上:以“故人的问好”结尾,照应题目, 使文章结构完整 ②内容上:深化主题,突出作者对史铁生的追 忆、怀念之情 ③表达效果:言有尽而意无穷,给读者留下了 丰富的想象空间
• 1.对比:文章.........进行对比,形成强烈的反差,加深了读者的印象,突出表现了(人物形象、文章的 中心)表达了....的情感。
7、如开篇环境描写,还需分析环境描写的作用
篇 中 句 段 篇 尾 句 段
结构作用 内容作用
结构作用
内容作用
1、承上启下 2、推动情节发展,为后文作铺垫、埋下伏笔 3、前后照应 1、承接了(上文).....引出了(下文)…… 2、插叙句段补充说明某内容
1、总结全文 2、首尾照应,照应标题 1、交代结局,使文章情节完整
变,形成波澜起伏,收到出人意料的感人效果。 • 8.悬念:设置悬念能引起读者注意,引出文章的说明内容等。使文章情节曲折。
阅读理解答题技巧
• 公式:词语本义+句子含义+深层含义 • (1)词语本义:①近义词法②拆解法 • (2)所在句子含义:就是结合词语在原文中的语境(句子)
去回答 • (3)深层含义:表达了……情感/表现了人物……形象特点
例1:但愿人们在聆听美妙的蛙鸣时能有爱护之心。(句 中“聆听”一词用得是否妥当?)
(其他人物) ……的情感。 • 拟人:运用拟人的修辞手法,将……以人化,赋……以人的思想、感情、动作,生动形象描写
了……情景(或特点),抒发了……情感。 • 排比:运用排比的修辞手法,强调了事物的……特点,抒发了……的强烈感情或使……观点更鲜明,
整齐优美,气势磅礴。 • 夸张:运用夸张的修辞手法,突出(强调了)……事物……的特点,表达了……的情感。 • 对比:运用对比的修辞手法,把……与……进行对比,突出了……的特点,表达了……情感。 • 反复:运用反复的修辞手法,突出表现了……(句子描绘的内容),强烈地表达了……情感。

中考数学备考专题复习: 阅读理解问题(含解析)

中考数学备考专题复习: 阅读理解问题(含解析)

中考数学备考专题复习:阅读理解问题(含解析)中考备考专题复习:阅读理解问题一、单选题1、对于实数a,b,我们定义符号max{a,b}的意义为:当a≥b时,max{a,b}=a;当a<b时,max{a,b]=b,如:max{4,﹣2}=4,max{3,3}=3,若关于x的函数为y=max{x+3,﹣x+1},则该函数的最小值是()A、0B、2C、3D、42、对于实数a、b,定义一种新运算“⊗”为:a⊗b= ,这里等式右边是实数运算.例如:1⊗3=.则方程x⊗(﹣2)= ﹣1的解是()A、x=4B、x=5C、x=6D、x=73、设a,b是实数,定义@的一种运算如下:a@b=(a+b)2﹣(a﹣b)2,则下列结论:①若a@b=0,则a=0或b=0②a@(b+c)=a@b+a@c③不存在实数a,b,满足a@b=a2+5b2④设a,b是矩形的长和宽,若矩形的周长固定,则当a=b时,a@b最大.其中正确的是()A、②③④B、①③④C、①②④D、①②③4、定义:点A(x,y)为平面直角坐标系内的点,若满足x=y,则把点A叫做“平衡点”.例如:M(1,1),N(﹣2,﹣2)都是“平衡点”.当﹣1≤x≤3时,直线y=2x+m上有“平衡点”,则m的取值范围是()A、0≤m≤1B、﹣3≤m≤1C、﹣3≤m≤3D、﹣1≤m≤0二、填空题5、州)阅读材料并解决问题:求1+2+22+23+…+22014的值,令S=1+2+22+23+…+22014等式两边同时乘以2,则2S=2+22+23+…+22014+22015两式相减:得2S﹣S=22015﹣1所以,S=22015﹣1依据以上计算方法,计算1+3+32+33+…+32015=________.三、解答题6、自学下面材料后,解答问题.分母中含有未知数的不等式叫分式不等式.如:等.那么如何求出它们的解集呢?根据我们学过的有理数除法法则可知:两数相除,同号得正,异号得负.其字母表达式为:(1)若a>0,b>0,则>0;若a<0,b<0,则>0;(2)若a>0,b<0,则<0;若a<0,b>0,则<0.反之:(1)若>0,则或(2)<0,则____________ .根据上述规律,求不等式>0的解集.7、阅读与计算:请阅读以下材料,并完成相应的任务.斐波那契(约1170﹣1250)是意大利数学家,他研究了一列数,这列数非常奇妙,被称为斐波那契数列(按照一定顺序排列着的一列数称为数列).后来人们在研究它的过程中,发现了许多意想不到的结果,在实际生活中,很多花朵(如梅花、飞燕草、万寿菊等)的瓣数恰是斐波那契数列中的数.斐波那契数列还有很多有趣的性质,在实际生活中也有广泛的应用.斐波那契数列中的第n个数可以用[()n﹣()n]表示(其中,n≥1).这是用无理数表示有理数的一个范例.任务:请根据以上材料,通过计算求出斐波那契数列中的第1个数和第2个数.8、先阅读下列材料,然后解答问题:材料1 从3张不同的卡片中选取2张排成一列,有6种不同的排法,抽象成数学问题就是从3个不同元素中选取2个元素的排列,排列数记为A32=3×2=6.一般地,从n个不同元素中选取m个元素的排列数记作A n m,A n m=n(n-1)(n-2)…(n-m+1)(m≤n).例:从5个不同元素中选3个元素排成一列的排列数为:A53=5×4×3=60.材料2 从3张不同的卡片中选取2张,有3种不同的选法,抽象成数学问题就是从3个元素中选取2个元素的组合,组合数记为C32==3.一般地,从n个不同元素中选取m个元素的组合数记作C n m,C n m=(m≤n).例:从6个不同元素中选3个元素的组合数为:C63==20.问:(1)从7个人中选取4人排成一排,有多少种不同的排法?(2)从某个学习小组8人中选取3人参加活动,有多少种不同的选法?9、定义新运算:对于任意实数m、n都有m☆n=m2n+n,等式右边是常用的加法、减法、乘法及乘方运算.例如:﹣3☆2=(﹣3)2×2+2=20.根据以上知识解决问题:若2☆a的值小于0,请判断方程:2x2﹣bx+a=0的根的情况.四、综合题10、阅读材料:在一个三角形中,各边和它所对角的正弦的比相等,==,利用上述结论可以求解如下题目:在△ABC中,∠A、∠B、∠C的对边分别为a,b,c.若∠A=45°,∠B=30°,a=6,求b.解:在△ABC中,∵=∴b====3.理解应用:如图,甲船以每小时30海里的速度向正北方向航行,当甲船位于A1处时,乙船位于甲船的北偏西105°方向的B1处,且乙船从B1处按北偏东15°方向匀速直线航行,当甲船航行20分钟到达A2时,乙船航行到甲船的北偏西120°方向的B2处,此时两船相距10海里.(1)判断△A1A2B2的形状,并给出证明(2)求乙船每小时航行多少海里?11、阅读下列材料:2015年清明小长假,北京市属公园开展以“清明踏青,春色满园”为主题的游园活动,虽然气温小幅走低,但游客踏青赏花的热情很高,市属公园游客接待量约为190万人次.其中,玉渊潭公园的樱花、北京植物园的桃花受到了游客的热捧,两公园的游客接待量分别为38万人次、21.75万人次;颐和园、天坛公园、北海公园因皇家园林的厚重文化底蕴与满园春色成为游客的重要目的地,游客接待量分别为26万人次、20万人次、17.6万人次;北京动物园游客接待量为18万人次,熊猫馆的游客密集度较高.2014年清明小长假,天气晴好,北京市属公园游客接待量约为200万人次,其中,玉渊潭公园游客接待量比2013 年清明小长假增长了25%;颐和园游客接待量为26.2万人次,2013 年清明小长假增加了4.6万人次;北京动物园游客接待量为22万人次.2013年清明小长假,玉渊潭公园、陶然亭公园、北京动物园游客接待量分别为32万人次、13万人次、14.9 万人次.根据以上材料解答下列问题:(1)2014年清明小长假,玉渊潭公园游客接待量为________ 万人次(2)选择统计表或统计图,将2013﹣2015年清明小长假玉渊潭公园、颐和园和北京动物园的游客接待量表示出来.12、阅读下列材料,并用相关的思想方法解决问题.计算:(1﹣﹣﹣)×(+++)﹣(1﹣﹣﹣﹣)×(++).令++=t,则原式=(1﹣t)(t+)﹣(1﹣t﹣)t=t+﹣t2﹣t﹣t+t2=问题:(1)计算(1﹣﹣﹣﹣…﹣)×(++++…++)﹣(1﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣…﹣﹣)×(+++…+);(2)解方程(x2+5x+1)(x2+5x+7)=7.13、)阅读下列材料,并解决相关的问题.按照一定顺序排列着的一列数称为数列,排在第一位的数称为第1项,记为a1,依此类推,排在第n位的数称为第n项,记为an.一般地,如果一个数列从第二项起,每一项与它前一项的比等于同一个常数,那么这个数列叫做等比数列,这个常数叫做等比数列的公比,公比通常用字母q表示(q≠0).如:数列1,3,9,27,…为等比数列,其中a1=1,公比为q=3.(1)等比数列3,6,12,…的公比q为________ ,第4项是________(2)如果一个数列a1, a2, a3, a4,…是等比数列,且公比为q,那么根据定义可得到:=q,=q,=q,…=q.所以:a2=a1•q,a3=a2•q=(a1•q)•q=a1•q2, a4=a3•q=(a1•q2)•q=a1•q3,…由此可得:an =________(用a1和q的代数式表示).(3)若一等比数列的公比q=2,第2项是10,请求它的第1项与第4项.14、阅读材料:善于思考的小军在解方程组时,采用了一种“整体代换”的解法:解:将方程②变形:4x+10y+y=5 即2(2x+5y)+y=5③把方程①带入③得:2×3+y=5,∴y=﹣1把y=﹣1代入①得x=4,∴方程组的解为.请你解决以下问题:(1)模仿小军的“整体代换”法解方程组;(2)已知x,y满足方程组(i)求x2+4y2的值;(ii)求+的值.15、)阅读理解材料一:一组对边平行,另一组对边不平行的四边形叫梯形,其中平行的两边叫梯形的底边,不平行的两边叫梯形的腰,连接梯形两腰中点的线段叫梯形的中位线.梯形的中位线具有以下性质:梯形的中位线平行于两底,并且等于两底和的一半.如图(1):在梯形ABCD中:AD∥BC∵E、F是AB、CD的中点∴EF∥AD∥BCEF=(AD+BC)材料二:经过三角形一边的中点与另一边平行的直线必平分第三边如图(2):在△ABC中:∵E是AB的中点,EF∥BC∴F是AC的中点如图(3)在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AC⊥BD于O,E、F分别为AB、CD的中点,∠DBC=30°请你运用所学知识,结合上述材料,解答下列问题.(1)求证:EF=AC;(2)若OD=,OC=5,求MN的长.16、我们给出如下定义:顺次连接任意一个四边形各边中点所得的四边形叫中点四边形.(1)如图1,四边形ABCD中,点E,F,G,H分别为边AB,BC,CD,DA的中点.求证:中点四边形EFGH是平行四边形;(2)如图2,点P是四边形ABCD内一点,且满足PA=PB,PC=PD,∠APB=∠CPD,点E,F,G,H分别为边AB,BC,CD,DA的中点,猜想中点四边形EFGH的形状,并证明你的猜想;(3)若改变(2)中的条件,使∠APB=∠CPD=90°,其他条件不变,直接写出中点四边形EFGH的形状.(不必证明)17、已知点P(x0, y)和直线y=kx+b,则点P到直线y=kx+b的距离证明可用公式d= 计算.例如:求点P(﹣1,2)到直线y=3x+7的距离.解:因为直线y=3x+7,其中k=3,b=7.所以点P(﹣1,2)到直线y=3x+7的距离为:d= = = = .根据以上材料,解答下列问题:(1)求点P(1,﹣1)到直线y=x﹣1的距离;(2)已知⊙Q的圆心Q坐标为(0,5),半径r为2,判断⊙Q与直线y= x+9的位置关系并说明理由;(3)已知直线y=﹣2x+4与y=﹣2x﹣6平行,求这两条直线之间的距离.18、定义:有三个内角相等的四边形叫三等角四边形.(1)三等角四边形ABCD中,∠A=∠B=∠C,求∠A的取值范围;(2)如图,折叠平行四边形纸片DEBF,使顶点E,F分别落在边BE,BF上的点A,C处,折痕分别为DG,DH.求证:四边形ABCD是三等角四边形.(3)三等角四边形ABCD中,∠A=∠B=∠C,若CB=CD=4,则当AD的长为何值时,AB的长最大,其最大值是多少?并求此时对角线AC的长.19、我们定义:有一组邻角相等的凸四边形叫做“等邻角四边形”(1)概念理解:请你根据上述定义举一个等邻角四边形的例子;(2)问题探究;如图1,在等邻角四边形ABCD中,∠DAB=∠ABC,AD,BC的中垂线恰好交于AB边上一点P,连结AC,BD,试探究AC与BD的数量关系,并说明理由;(3)应用拓展;如图2,在Rt△ABC与Rt△ABD中,∠C=∠D=90°,BC=BD=3,AB=5,将Rt△ABD绕着点A顺时针旋转角α(0°<∠α<∠BAC)得到Rt△AB′D′(如图3),当凸四边形AD′BC为等邻角四边形时,求出它的面积.20、阅读下列材料:北京市正围绕着“政治中心、文化中心、国际交往中心、科技创新中心”的定位,深入实施“人文北京、科技北京、绿色北京”的发展战略.“十二五”期间,北京市文化创意产业展现了良好的发展基础和巨大的发展潜力,已经成为首都经济增长的支柱产业.2011年,北京市文化创意产业实现增加值1938.6亿元,占地区生产总值的12.2%.2012年,北京市文化创意产业继续呈现平稳发展态势,实现产业增加值2189.2亿元,占地区生产总值的12.3%,是第三产业中仅次于金融业、批发和零售业的第三大支柱产业.2013年,北京市文化产业实现增加值2406.7亿元,比上年增长9.1%,文化创意产业作为北京市支柱产业已经排到了第二位.2014年,北京市文化创意产业实现增加值2749.3亿元,占地区生产总值的13.1%,创历史新高,2015年,北京市文化创意产业发展总体平稳,实现产业增加值3072.3亿元,占地区生产总值的13.4%.根据以上材料解答下列问题:(1)用折线图将2011﹣2015年北京市文化创意产业实现增加值表示出来,并在图中标明相应数据;(2)根据绘制的折线图中提供的信息,预估2016年北京市文化创意产业实现增加值约________亿元,你的预估理由________.21、)阅读材料:关于三角函数还有如下的公式:sin(α±β)=sinαcosβ±cosαsinβtan(α±β)=利用这些公式可以将一些不是特殊角的三角函数转化为特殊角的三角函数来求值.例:tan75°=tan(45°+30°)= = =2+根据以上阅读材料,请选择适当的公式解答下面问题(1)计算:sin15°;(2)某校在开展爱国主义教育活动中,来到烈士纪念碑前缅怀和纪念为国捐躯的红军战士.李三同学想用所学知识来测量如图纪念碑的高度.已知李三站在离纪念碑底7米的C处,在D点测得纪念碑碑顶的仰角为75°,DC为米,请你帮助李三求出纪念碑的高度.22、阅读下面材料:小明遇到这样一个问题:如图1,△ABC中,AB=AC,点D在BC边上,∠DAB=∠ABD,BE⊥AD,垂足为E,求证:BC=2AE.小明经探究发现,过点A作AF⊥BC,垂足为F,得到∠AFB=∠BEA,从而可证△ABF≌△BAE(如图2),使问题得到解决.(1)根据阅读材料回答:△ABF与△BAE全等的条件是 AAS(填“SSS”、“SAS”、“ASA”、“AAS”或“HL”中的一个)参考小明思考问题的方法,解答下列问题:(2)如图3,△ABC中,AB=AC,∠BAC=90°,D为BC的中点,E为DC的中点,点F在AC的延长线上,且∠CDF=∠EAC,若CF=2,求AB的长;(3)如图4,△ABC中,AB=AC,∠BAC=120°,点D、E分别在AB、AC边上,且AD=kDB(其中0<k<),∠AED=∠BCD,求的值(用含k的式子表示).答案解析部分一、单选题1、【答案】B【考点】分段函数【解析】【解答】解:当x+3≥﹣x+1,即:x≥﹣1时,y=x+3,∴当x=﹣1时,y min=2,当x+3<﹣x+1,即:x<﹣1时,y=﹣x+1,∵x<﹣1,∴﹣x>1,∴﹣x+1>2,∴y>2,∴y min=2,故选B【分析】分x≥﹣1和x<﹣1两种情况进行讨论计算,此题是分段函数题,主要考查了新定义,解本题的关键是分段.2、【答案】B【考点】分式方程的解,定义新运算【解析】【解答】解:根据题意,得= ﹣1,去分母得:1=2﹣(x﹣4),解得:x=5,经检验x=5是分式方程的解.故选B.【分析】所求方程利用题中的新定义化简,求出解即可.此题考查了解分式方程,弄清题中的新定义是解本题的关键.3、【答案】C【考点】整式的混合运算,因式分解的应用,二次函数的最值【解析】【解答】解:①根据题意得:a@b=(a+b)2﹣(a﹣b)2∴(a+b)2﹣(a﹣b)2=0,整理得:(a+b+a﹣b)(a+b﹣a+b)=0,即4ab=0,解得:a=0或b=0,正确;②∵a@(b+c)=(a+b+c)2﹣(a﹣b﹣c)2=4ab+4aca@b+a@c=(a+b)2﹣(a﹣b)2+(a+c)2﹣(a﹣c)2=4ab+4ac,∴a@(b+c)=a@b+a@c正确;③a@b=a2+5b2, a@b=(a+b)2﹣(a﹣b)2,令a2+5b2=(a+b)2﹣(a﹣b)2,解得,a=0,b=0,故错误;④∵a@b=(a+b)2﹣(a﹣b)2=4ab,(a﹣b)2≥0,则a2﹣2ab+b2≥0,即a2+b2≥2ab,∴a2+b2+2ab≥4ab,∴4ab的最大值是a2+b2+2ab,此时a2+b2+2ab=4ab,解得,a=b,∴a@b最大时,a=b,故④正确,故选C.【分析】根据新定义可以计算出啊各个小题中的结论是否成立,从而可以判断各个小题中的说法是否正确,从而可以得到哪个选项是正确的.本题考查因式分解的应用、整式的混合运算、二次函数的最值,解题的关键是明确题意,找出所求问题需要的条件.4、【答案】 B【考点】一元一次不等式组的应用【解析】【解答】解:∵x=y,∴x=2x+m,即x=﹣m.∵﹣1≤x≤3,∴﹣1≤﹣m≤3,∴﹣3≤m≤1.故选B.【分析】根据x=y,﹣1≤x≤3可得出关于m的不等式,求出m的取值范围即可.本题考查的是一次函数图象上点的坐标特点,根据题意得出关于m的不等式是解答此题的关键.二、填空题5、【答案】【考点】探索数与式的规律【解析】【解答】解:令s=1+3+32+33+ (32015)等式两边同时乘以3得:3s=3+32+33+ (32016)两式相减得:2s=32016﹣1.所以S= .【分析】令s=1+3+32+33+…+32015,然后再等式的两边同时乘以2,接下来,依据材料中的方程进行计算即可.本题主要考查的是数字的变化规律,依据材料找出解决问题的方法和步骤是解题的关键.三、解答题6、【答案】解:(2)若<0,则或;故答案为:或;由上述规律可知,不等式转化为或,所以,x>2或x<﹣1.【考点】一元一次不等式组的应用【解析】【分析】根据两数相除,异号得负解答;先根据同号得正把不等式转化成不等式组,然后根据一元一次不等式组的解法求解即可.7、【答案】【解答】解:第1个数,当n=1时,[()n﹣()n]=(﹣)=×=1.第2个数,当n=2时,[()n﹣()n]=[()2﹣()2]=×(+)(﹣)=×1×=1.【考点】二次根式的应用【解析】【分析】分别把1、2代入式子化简求得答案即可.8、【答案】解:(1)A74=7×6×5×4=840(种).(2)C83==56(种)【考点】探索数与式的规律【解析】【分析】探索数与式的规律。

2023年中考语文复习记叙文阅读理解:两张纸条

2023年中考语文复习记叙文阅读理解:两张纸条

两张纸条那天,我妈骑三轮从外面回来,一进门就说,她遇着好人了。

坐在沙发上,还自顾自絮叨起米。

当我听见“那人把我的三轮碰歪了”,我这才把头转向母亲,发现她衣服上粘满尘土。

我妈却仿佛捡了大便宜似的,仍滔滔不绝。

“马路上一一个人也没有,他却制住车子,跑过来扶我,问我摔坏了没有。

我踢蹬踢蹬腿,再甩甩胳膊,说,没事儿。

他仍然不走,非让我走几步。

确定我真的没事后,又把我搀到车上,说,骑上去试试,看车摔坏了没有。

你说一个大男人家怎么婆婆妈妈的,于是,我推开他说,快走吧,我也该回家做饭了。

我蹬起三轮就走了。

哪曾想,他又追了上来,塞给我一张纸条,说是他的手机号......这时,我忙不迭地问我妈,纸条呢?我妈说扔了。

说完,站起身来就往厨房走。

我妈突然哎哟-声。

我问怎么了,她朝我摆摆手说,没事儿。

可是,第二天,我妈就起不来床了。

我把我妈送进医院。

当我把做B超,CT 等检查单拿蛤医生时,医生说得马上做手术。

我在办理住院手续时不停地抱怨母亲,狠狠地想,一定把那个“好人”找出来。

面对一-笔不菲的费用,我用命令的语气对妈说,你再好好想想那条。

我妈迟迟疑疑地说,想不起来了,一边不停地在各个衣克里摸来摸去。

我妈突然颤抖着声音喊,找着了。

真是老天有眼。

我用发颤的手指按下那个号码。

关机。

一连几天,都是这两个字。

这就是您老人家遇见的好人!我妈却仍然辩护说,兴许人家手机没电了呢。

但明显没了底气。

那天是个很好的天气。

然而,阳光有多明娟,我心里就有多阴晦。

但我不敢再埋怨我妈。

这件事情以后,她在我面前像个债务人似的,一天到晚大气都不敢喘,让人心疼。

出院后一天,我家门铃响了,我开门一看,一位头发花白,脊背略为佝偻的大叔,手里拎着一口袋水果,拘训地站在我家门前。

木等我开口,母亲急慌着把他让进屋里。

他吞吞吐吐地说,家里出了点事,一直脱不开身……我明白了,打断他说,您啥也别说了,十万元的住院费。

我妈连忙打圆场;你是怎么找到这里的?他说,那天悠走后,我不放心,悄悄跟着,您进了家门才离开。

中考数学专题复习(阅读理解)

中考数学专题复习(阅读理解)

中考数学专题复习:阅读理解题【知识梳理】阅读理解型问题以内容丰富、构思新颖别致、题样多变为特点.知识的覆盖面较大,它可以是阅读课本原文,也可以是设计一个新的数学情境,让学生在阅读的基础上,理解其中的内容、方法和思想,然后在把握本质,理解实质的基础上作出回答.这类问题的主要题型有:阅读特殊范例,推出一般结论;阅读解题过程,总结解题思路和方法;阅读新知识,研究新问题等.这类试题要求考生能透彻理解课本中的所学内容,善于总结解题规律,并能准确阐述自己的思想和观点,考查学生对数学知识的理解水平、数学方法的运用水平及分析推理能力、数据处理能力、文字概括能力、书面表达能力、随机应变能力和知识的迁移能力等.因此,在平时的学习和复习中应透彻理解所学内容.搞清楚知识的来龙去脉,不仅要学会数学知识,更要掌握在研究知识的过程中体现出的数学思想和方法.【课前预习】1、计算机是将信息转换成二进制数进行处理的,二进制即“逢二进一”,如(1101)表示二进制数,转换为十进制形式是,那么将二进制(1111)转换为十进制形式是数( )A、8B、15C、20D、302、阅读下面材料并完成填空。

你能比较两个数和的大小吗?为了解决这个问题,先把问题一般化,即比较的大小(n≥1的整数)。

然后,从分析n=1,n=2,n=3,……,从这些简单情形入手,从中发现规律,经过归纳,猜想出结论。

⑴通过计算,比较下列①~③各组两个数的大小(在横线上填“>”“<”或“=” )1 ____2 ②____3 ③____④> ⑤ ⑥ ⑦⑵从第⑴小题的结果经过归纳,可以猜想出的大小关系是______________________________________⑶根据上面归纳猜想得到的一般结论,可以得到____(填“>”、“=”或“<”3、阅读下列材料:FEDCBA(图1) (图2) (图3) (图4)如图1,把△ABC沿直线BC平行移动线段BC的长度,可以变到△ECD的位置;如图2,以BC为轴把△ABC翻折180°,可以变到△DBC的位置;如图3,以点A为中心,把△ABC旋转180°,可以变到△AED的位置。

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2. 推理题 1) 根据常识判断
一.阅读理解题目的设置方式: 2. 推理题 2) 根据计算判断
If everyone sets their air conditioning 空调 at 26℃,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatthours千瓦时 of electricity in one summer. That’s one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,”said a TV advertisement. A Beijing will use______ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400
2. In the past, there were forests all around Lake Ponkapog, so rainwater was clean. In the past, Lake Ponkapog was D surrounded(环绕)by___. A.fish B. rain C. birds D. forests
The ways of guessing the new words in context:
A. 利用构词法进行猜测
1. 根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如, care(小心) →careful(小心的) →carefully (小心地); write(写) → rewrite (改写)。
un- ; dis-;-less : 不无 ; mis-: 错误 ; 表方向 re-: 再,重复,重新; -ern: -er ,-or, -ist : 表he light was so
faint
(昏暗的)
2.Tom is very rude, but his brother is quite polite. (有礼貌的) 3. She is beautiful, and her daughter is as pretty as her. (漂亮的)
一.阅读理解题目的设置方式: 3. 主旨题 常用提问方式: • According to(根据) the passage, we know that____ • The title (标题) of the passage can be________. • The writer tells us_________. • From the story we can see/ learn / say_____ • The main idea of this passage is______. • What is this passage about?
The Skills of reading comprehension
一.阅读理解题目的设置方式:
1 细节题 1.He / she should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/ she should have work experience in a restaurant. B The ad tells us that______ A.The assistant must be a man. B.The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant. C. Pucci pizza has branches all over China.
Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. For example, Mr.Bell sometimes goes to his office for work on Sunday morning, for he thinks it is Monday. And Mrs.Bell sometimes forget to cook supper for the family. One summer they planned to fly to New York for their holidays. They got to the airport only ten minutes before the plane took off. So time was short. But suddenly Mrs. Bell said she must tell Alice,their daughter, not to forget to lock the front door when she went to school. As Alice was then at school,they couldn’t tell her about it by telephone. So they hurried to the post office. Mrs.Bell wrote a short note to Alice while Mr.Bell bought a stamp and an envelope. Soon the note was ready. They put the stamp on the envelope in a hurry and dropped it in the letter box. But suddenly Mrs.Bell began to cry. The short note was still in her hand. She had put the plane tickets in the envelope.
A.不安全的 B.误解 C.重建 D.现代化 E.人造的
B.根据上下文猜测 (1)根据关联词猜词
表示因果关系的:because, as, since, for, so, as a result… 表示同义关系的:and, like, just as…
表示反义关系的: but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)等等。
一.阅读理解题目的设置方式:
One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some. One day, Kathy’s parents invited some C friends to________. A.have breakfast B. have lunch C. have supper D. have a party.
一.阅读理解题目的设置方式:
4.词义题
Now there are many houses around the lake. people often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals in side their houses for cleaning or killing insects (昆虫). There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops. D “Chemical” in the story means_______. A. 化学家 B 污染品 C 药品 D. 化学制品
1.Read the article for 2 minutes,and find the key sentence of the article. (B )(1). The word “forgetful ” means______. A.忘记 B.健忘的 C.难忘的 (A )(2).How did they plan to go to New York onesummer? A.by plane B.by train C.by bus (B )(3). Because Alice was then at school , they had to ________to Alice. A. phone B.write a note C.send a E-mail ( )(4). What did they drop ____in the letter box? B A. a note B. the tickets C. the money (A )(5). The main idea of this passage is______. A. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very forgetful. B. Mr.and Mrs.Bell planned to fly to New York. C. Mr.and Mrs.Bell are very old.
(冻僵了的,麻木的,失去知觉的)
Exercises: Choose the right answer. 1. A lot of the world’s natural resources like oil come from poor countries. A. 环境 B. 资源 √ C. 汽油 2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. A. 帽子 B. 雨鞋 C. 眼镜 √ 3. The friend had a habit of looking at everything positively that happened in his life and saying “ This is good”. A. B. 慷慨 C. 悲观 √ 积极 4. Children have schoolbags with two straps to carry them. A. 口袋 B. 肩带√ C. 纽扣
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