语言学英语

外国语学院英语语言学2学期论文2013 至 2014学年度第2学期题目：从合作原则解读《傲慢与偏见》中人物对话姓名：李晓瑞年级：13级专升本一班学号：0407130123The analysis of the Characters’ Dialogueof "pride and prejudice" accordingto the Cooperative PrincipleAbstract:Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context. It deals with particular utterances in particular situations. It is concerned with the way language is used to communicate and it has close relationship with literature. Based on the basis of the theory of the Conversational Implicature and the cooperative principle, the paper analysis the dialogues of"Pride and Prejudice", through present some dialogues which violate the four maxims, so that can make the readers understand the language features of the novel better, accurately grasp the fiction comedy and improve the ability of readers' appreciation of literature.Key Words: Conversational Implicature; cooperative principle; "pride and prejudice".Linguist Hu Zhuanglin had pointed out in the paper Pragmatics: pragmatics is a powerful weapon to study the linguistic features of literature language. (Shu,2012) The novel "Pride and Prejudice" is mainly composed by many dialogues, thus to create an atmosphere and present the theme. This paper will analyze the characters in the novel the violation of the cooperative principle in dialogue to show reveal character using the conversation principle theory, so as to achieve the language features in the novel a deeper understanding.1. The Theory of Conversational Implicature and the Cooperative PrincipleAmerica language philosopher Grice put forward the theory of Conversational Implicature in 1976, its core is the cooperative principle. Grice thinks that both sides of normal language exchange is mutual cooperation, in order to achieve a common purpose of communication, the speaker and hearer must follow certain principles. Grice called it as the Conversational Cooperative Principle, or CP for short. The cooperative principle includes four maxims. Firstly,quantity principle (Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of theexchange). Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.) Secondly, quality principle (try to make your contribution one that is true. Do not say what you believe to be false and that for which you lack adequate evidence.) Thirdly, relation principle (Be relevant.) Fourth, manner principle (Be perspicuous. Avoid obscurity of expression. Avoid ambiguity. Be brief. Be orderly.) However, in the really conversation, people doesn’t always abide by the CP, because all kinds of needs, people will deliberate violation of cooperative principle (Hu, 2012).2. The Dialogues of "Pride and Prejudice" Violate of the Maxims2.1 Violation of the Maxim of QuantityIn the first chapter of the novel, Mrs. Bennet knew that a rich named Bingley move to, she can’t help waiting to share the news with their husbands. Mr. Bennet is forced to meet the wife want to talk.“What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh，single，my dear，to be sure! A single man of large fortune；four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls! ”(Jane Austen, 2012)Mr. Bennet has no inerests for the new comer, but he also cares about her daughter's marriage. So after finished asking name, he asked whether they are married. But Mrs. Bennet is clearly satisfied with the new golden bachelor. In the provision of information right is "single", she also provides many additional information: a rich man, an annual income of four thousand or five thousand pounds. This violates the maxim of quantity-- don't make your words than the requested information more fully. From this simple dialogue we can see that Mrs. Bennet is a typical worry daughter marriage mother image, and has the characteristics of middle-aged women chatter without stop.2.2 Violation of the Maxim of QuanlityWhen Mrs. Bennet knew a bachelor rents Netherfield. She said to her husband:"Oh! Single…A single man of large fortune …What a fine thing for our girls !’’"How can it affect them ?""Is that his design in settling here?"“Dsig n! … and you must visit him as soon as he comes. ” Mrs. Bennet says."You and girls may go… for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley may like you the best of the party."(Jane Austen, 2012)In this conversation, Mr. Bennet said something that is not true and lack of sufficient evidence. It violate of the maxim of quality. He asks something that already knows that Mr. Bingley lives here not to marry one of his daughters. He deliberately reminds his wife doesn’t always be unrealistic and daydream. But Mrs. Mrs. Bennet was not aware of her husband implication. All these present her dull and stupid.2.3Violation of the Maxim of RelationIn chapter 29, Elizabeth with Collins couple visit Mrs. Catherine, two people conversation full of randomness. At beginning they are talk about “Your father’s estate is entailed on Mr. Collins，I think?”And then change into “Do you play and sing，Miss. Bennet?”Then without warning to ask “Has your governess left you?”No association of Mrs. Catherine, the last topic has not ended, suddenly it turned to another topic. It is a clear violation of the maxim of relation. Mrs. Catherine was showing a power in the conversation, thought what asked what, did not abide by the CP, every hour and moment not to show off her wealth and power, and denigrate Elizabeth.2.4 V iolation of the Maxim of Manner"My reason for marrying are, first, that l think it a right thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances (like myself) to set the example of matrimony in his parish; Secondly, that I am convinced that it will add greatly to my happiness; and third- which perhaps l ought to have mentioned earlier, that it is the particular adviceand recommendation of the very noble lady whom l have the h onour of calling patroness."(Jane Austen,163)This is a dialogue when M r. Collins proposes to Elizabeth. Reasons to get married that he said want to marry out of the ordinary people. All that he is alway s make the grand gestures an d just wa nt to show off his status, occupation and noble Catherine de Boer lady on his care. Vividly present his boring stupid, indifferent pedantic and slavishness.To sum up, in "Pride and Prejudice", the dialogue between the characters have especial meaning by following or violating the "cooperative principle" in the process of communication. It conveys the real intention in the specific environment of characters in the novels and given a role in different words, behavior and personality characteristics, to form novel style of sharp, satirical, witty, humorous language.References:［1］Jane Austen,傲慢与偏见,李汝成李夏译,中央编译出版社, 2012.［2］胡壮麟, 语言学教程,北京大学出版社, 2012.［3］束定芳,中国语用学研究论文精选,上海：上海外语教育出版社, 2001.［4］宋振芹,枟傲慢与偏见的语言特色的语用学研究,南京：南京邮电学院学报（社会科学版），2004.。